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Journal articles on the topic 'Regional disparities'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 March 2025

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1

Sić, Miroslav. "Regional Disparities in Croatia." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 65, no. 02 (January 2004): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2003.65.02.01.

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2

Černe, Andrej. "Regional disparities and regional planning." Dela, no. 24 (December 31, 2005): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.24.10.125-136.

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3

Balakrishnan, Ravi, Christian Ebeke, Davide Malacrino, Louise Rabier, and Melih Firat. "Regional Disparities in Europe." IMF Working Papers 2022, no. 198 (September 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400219184.001.

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4

Katti, Vijaya. "Regional Disparities in Nepal." International Studies 24, no. 3 (July 1987): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881787024003002.

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5

Mijacic, Dragisa, and Blagoje Paunovic. "Regional disparities in Serbia." Ekonomika preduzeca 59, no. 7-8 (2011): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre1108379m.

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6

Panton, Augustus. "Regional Disparities in Hungary." Selected Issues Papers 2024, no. 037 (August 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400287695.018.

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7

Lakshmanan, T. R., and Chang-i. Hua. "Regional Disparities in China." International Regional Science Review 11, no. 1 (April 1987): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016001768701100107.

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8

Baddeley, Michelle, Ron Martin, and Peter Tyler. "European Regional Unemployment Disparities." European Urban and Regional Studies 5, no. 3 (July 1998): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977649800500301.

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9

Rimkuvienė, Daiva, and Aurelija Sakalauskaitė. "REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN LITHUANIA." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 40, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2018.07.

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The aim of this study is to identify current pattern specific to the development of the Lithuanian counties by using a comparison approach. The research was based on annual data covering the period 2011–2016. Various aspects of the environmental, social and economic differences between the regions in Lithuania are analysed and discussed. The article focuses on regional disparities but also considers changes over time. In this research there have been applied nonparametric statistical methods and graphical presentation. The results have indicated that there is a clear predominance of three regions – Kaunas, Klaipėda and Vilnius counties. The conducted analysis showed, that there were statistically significant differences in the activity rate, the average disposable income and the number of households that have an internet access comparing by the years.
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10

Pelin, А. "An Assessment of Regional Disparities Evolution in Romania." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Ekonomìka 11, no. 21 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2021-11-21-41-52.

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This paper studies the level and evolution of regional disparities in Romania over the period 2007-2017. In this respect, we employ two methodologies highly relevant and wellestablished in the literature: (i) the relative distance method and (ii) the cluster analysis. The results of the empirical analysis indicate a major discrepancy between the Bucharest-Ilfov region and all the other seven development regions. During the analysis period, there are no significant changes in the positioning of the regions. Regional disparities were not reduced over the period considered, although there are European and national programs for this matter. Therefore, we conclude that an efficient public sector should consolidate the regional disparities with the EU Cohesion Policy.
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11

Semerikova, E. V., A. O. Blokhina, and A. Nastansky. "Determinants of Regional Disparities in Housing Prices: A Spatial Analysis of German Regions." Economy of Regions 19, no. 3 (2023): 919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-3-23.

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Germany is characterised by heterogeneous regional development in various economic spheres, including housing markets. Differences in housing prices persist during decades, causing undesirable inequality, affecting migration and employment patterns. The purpose of this work is to identify regional factors which affect regional housing prices in Germany. The peculiarity of the study is the consideration of the spatial location of regions for analysing the influence of the characteristics of neighbouring regions. Based on data from 397 German regions for 2004-2019, spatial econometric panel data models are built, which consider both selling and rental prices. The following factors that affect demand in the housing market are used as determinants of housing prices: the unemployment rate, the balance of pendulum migration at the place of work and living, the share of employment, wages, the number of employees, gross regional product. The analysis findings revealed that factors that raise income for the population trigger an upsurge in demand and prices for housing. Conversely, opposite effects result in a decline in prices due to a decrease in demand. Moreover, it was verified that neighbouring regions mutually affect housing markets through pendulum migration and the creation of economic clusters with similar living standards and prices. Furthermore, changes in labour market metrics are crucial; unemployment, wages, and the number of workers in nearby regions have a significant influence on real estate prices in the area under examination. The study’s practical importance lies in the possibility of using its outcomes to develop regional and migration policies.
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12

PENG, JIANGANG, JING HE, ZHANGFEI LI, YU YI, and NICOLAAS GROENEWOLD. "REGIONAL FINANCE AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN CHINA." Australian Economic Papers 49, no. 4 (December 2010): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2010.00404.x.

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13

Hájek, Oldřich, Jana Novosáková, and Michal Lukač. "Regional Disparities on The New Silk Road: Some Thoughts about Regional Convergence." Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/conc-2018-0005.

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Abstract Regional disparities are a research and political theme that has received considerable attention. This is also because regional disparities constitute a pull factor of migration, because high regional disparities may seriously threaten territorial integrity, and because socioeconomic development potential is not fully realized in lagging regions. Not surprisingly, regional disparities are an important research and political theme for New Silk Road countries and this is also reflected in the focus of this paper. The primary aim of this paper is to characterize regional disparities in selected New Silk Road countries, namely in China, in Russia and in Visegrad Four countries, and subsequently to discuss the relationship between regional disparities and the One Belt, One Road Initiative. The results point out the presence of a pattern of regional disparities in the countries. In this regard, the importance of the East-West gradient, of spatial hierarchy, and of inherited specialization is particularly emphasized. Reflecting the pattern of regional disparities, the potential of the One Belt, One Road Initiative to stimulate development of lagging regions is indicated.
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14

Șteliac, Nela. "The Labor Market in Romania and Interregional Disparities." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 2, no. 6 (2015): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.26.1001.

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The decrease of regional disparities represents one of the fundamental objectives of the regional development policy promoted by the EU; furthermore, the waves of enlargement of the EU deepened these differences even more. As a member state of the EU, Romania is actively involved in reducing the economic gaps by applying some regional development strategies and policies. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the labor market analysis from the perspective of the regional gaps, carried out based on some of its specific indicators. The sinuous evolution of the standard deviation for the analyzed indicators (except for the net average salary the standard deviation of which was permanently growing) revealed increase or decrease of the regional disparities for the entire period. However, in comparison to 1998, the regional gaps increased in 2013. The regional poles on the labor market have been as following: Bucharest-Ilfov region for the best values of the studied indicators, and Northeast region and Southwest Oltenia region for the lowest values.
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15

Bellofatto, Antonio Andrés, and Martín Besfamille. "Tax decentralization notwithstanding regional disparities." Journal of Urban Economics 123 (May 2021): 103346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2021.103346.

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16

Ramakrishnan, Uma, and Martin D. Cerisola. "Regional Economic Disparities in Australia." IMF Working Papers 04, no. 144 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451856477.001.

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17

Kannan, R. "Banking Development and Regional Disparities." Indian Economic Journal 35, no. 2 (December 1987): 58–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019466219870205.

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18

Revilla Diez, Javier. "Vietnam: Addressing Profound Regional Disparities." Southeast Asian Affairs 1999 1999, no. 1 (May 1999): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/seaa99u.

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19

Surd, Vasile, Ianos Kassai, and Laura Giurgiu. "Romania disparities in regional development." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 19 (2011): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.102.

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20

Niebuhr, Annekatrin. "Market access and regional disparities." Annals of Regional Science 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-005-0047-1.

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21

Kibele, Eva U. B., Sebastian Klüsener, and Rembrandt D. Scholz. "Regional Mortality Disparities in Germany." KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 67, S1 (September 2015): 241–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-015-0329-2.

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22

Dixon, Robert, David Shepherd, and James Thomson. "Regional Unemployment Disparities in Australia." Regional Studies 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400120033089.

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23

Canaleta, Carlos Gil, Pedro Pascual Arzoz, and Manuel Rapun Garate. "Regional Economic Disparities and Decentralisation." Urban Studies 41, no. 1 (January 2004): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098032000155696.

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24

Marukawa, Tomoo. "Regional unemployment disparities in China." Economic Systems 41, no. 2 (June 2017): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.11.002.

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25

Ambhore, Dr Shankar B., and Dr Ashok S. Pawar. "Regional Disparities - Social Sector Expenditure in Rural-Urban India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2012/15.

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26

TP, Sherin Raj. "Regional Disparities and Determinants of Caesarean Deliveries in India." Indian Journal of Youth & Adolescent Health 07, no. 04 (March 30, 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.202018.

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Background: The caesarean rate in India has been increased from 8.5% (NFHS-III) during 2005-06 to 17.2% (NFHS-IV) during 2015-16. Objective: The main objective of the study is to assess the regional disparities and determinants of caesarean deliveries in India. Material and Method: It is a descriptive study. The fourth round of National Family Health Survey, India (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015-16 has been analysed for the purpose of this study. Result: The study found that the C-section deliveries are significantly higher in southern region followed by western region in India. Social factors such as higher education of mother, residing in urban area, belong to richest wealth group, mothers belong to non-SC/ST category are more likely to opt for C-section delivery. Evidence also indicates that risk factors like high age of mother, high birth order, complicated pregnancy, multiple births, size of child at birth, weight of child at birth significantly influences the decision of C-section deliveries. Institutional and Individual Behavioural Factors such as number of ANC visit, place of delivery, access to mass media are also significant determinants of opting C-section delivery. Delivering high quality timely care and counselling measures throughout the gestation period as a measure to minimise C-section deliveries is the responsibility of every midwife healthcare provider, is an effective way. There is an urgent need to monitor the deliveries in clinics and hospitals to find out the right balance between demand and provisioning of high quality health care services.
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27

Kotulič, Rastislav, Mariana Dubravská, Martina Marchevská, and Pavol Schwarcz. "Analysis of regional development in the Slovak Republic using selected methods of measuring regional disparities." Ekonomski pregled 73, no. 6 (2022): 905–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.73.6.4.

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The aim of the paper is to assess regional disparities within the Slovak Republic with focus on the market concentration that is used to determine the competitiveness of the market. Following the main research aim the regional structure of Slovakia in the light of the selected socio-economic indicators was examined. The most relevant indicator in terms of research carried out is the GDP/capita, the appropriate indicator of socio-economic development in the region. Following step presents the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a measure of market concentration, examining the GDP of regions. The paper focuses on the application of 3 methods used for measuring regional disparities such as variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. In accordance with the gained results based on the analysis of RGDP in Slovakia, it can be concluded that the regional disparities between the regions of Slovakia and Bratislava region are gradually disappearing. The obtained data shows that disparities among regions are decreasing, while the decrease was faster during certain years. In 2016 a divergence of disparities can be observed. This year shows a significant divergence, e.g. Trnava region (-0,7217), Nitra region (-0,6243), Banská Bystrica region (-0,2565), Prešov region (-0,4498), which reflects deepening regional disparities compared to Bratislava region. However 2018 recorded values expressing the relationship m>1 (gradual elimination of regional disparities) between the regions - region of Trnava, region of Trenčín, region of Prešov.
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28

Manić, Emilija, Svetlana Popović, and Dejan Molnar. "Regional Disparities and Regional Development: The Case of Serbia." Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft 154 (2013): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/moegg154s191.

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29

DIGNAN, TONY. "REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND REGIONAL POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 11, no. 2 (1995): 64–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/11.2.64.

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30

FEMBA, Serge Decroly. "Exploratory Analysis of Regional Disparities in Human Development in Cameroon." JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES 05, no. 10 (October 22, 2022): 3002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i10-21.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the link between geographic location and the level of human development in Cameroon. To achieve that objective, we use Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques on regional human development indices (HDI) in Cameroon from 2001 to 2014. The Moran test confirms the presence of a positive and significant global spatial autocorrelation of the regional human development indices. Thus, the values of the regional human development index in Cameroon are not randomly distributed. There is thus spatial clustering of regions with similar HDI levels. The spatial dependence of the regional HDI in Cameroon suggests cooperation and synergy of action by the regions within the framework of their competences resulting from decentralization, in order to take advantage of the spatial diffusion effects of human development. The Cameroonian government could pursue geo-targeting policies in the implementation of development programs, focusing on regions where spatial externalities would have a greater impact.
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31

Nopiah, Ririn, Barika Barika, and Septriani Septriani. "Mapping the Regional Development Disparities in Western Indonesia: An Integrative Approach of Williamson Index and Klassen Typology." Socio-Economic and Humanistic Aspects for Township and Industry 2, no. 4 (November 10, 2024): 555–63. https://doi.org/10.59535/sehati.v2i4.356.

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Disparities is one of the problems of economic development in developing countries. The Western Region of Indonesia tends to contribute to high economic growth but is accompanied by the problem of regional disparities which is also relatively high. Efforts to reduce regional disparities are aimed at accelerating equitable development. This study examines the development of inter-regional disparities mapping through the Klassen typology method, measuring disparities with the Williamson index in the Western Region of Indonesia in 2021-2023. The results show that most regions are still in the relatively underdeveloped and less developed category and the average regional disparities index is at moderate disparities, namely 0.465. This study provides suggestions to prioritize development based on regional equality, especially areas that are still underdeveloped.
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32

Minutha, V., and P. Jayashree. "Regional and Gender Disparities of Literacy Rates in Mysore District." Geographical analysis 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.53989/bu.ga.v10i2.2.

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Literacy has been considered as one of the prime determinants of socio-economic development. In this context, education has become an important gateway for upgrading the socio-economic status of the people of a region. From a geographical point of view, literacy rate varies from region to region and with the passage of time and also it assumes Spatio-temporal characteristics. Indian Literacy is characterized with sharp differences in between the male and female, rural and urban areas and various population subgroups. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the Spatio-temporal trend in literacy rates at taluk wise of Mysore District. The present study is based on Secondary source data; it has been collected from District Census Handbook of Mysore District. The comparisons are summarized here for two period’s i.e. 2001 and 2011. The collected information has been compiled and put in the form of maps, graphs and tables for further analysis. Maps are prepared using GIS software techniques. Data is analyzed through simple quantitative techniques like percentage. It has been observed that, in all taluks of Mysore district experiences greater regional disparities in the literacy. We found that literacy rate in study area was 63.50% in 2001 which is increased to 72.79% in 2011. No doubt the percentage of regional and gender gap across the taluks over the period 2001-2011 has reduced, but the percentage of reduction is lesser. And also found that the urban literacy is significantly greater than the rural literacy which is coexisting to the wider gender disparities from the rural to the urban population. Keywords: GIS; Disparities; Literacy rate; SocioEconomic development
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33

Turmakhanbetova, G., A. Tulaganov, and A. Butkenova. "Addressing Regional Disparities and Enhancing Efficiency in Kazakhstan’s Budget System." ECONOMIC Series of the Bulletin of the L.N.Gumilyov ENU, no. 4 (December 31, 2024): 224–39. https://doi.org/10.32523/2789-4320-2024-4-224-239.

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Kazakhstan’s financial system is instrumental in advancing the nation’s economic development, yet ongoing structural and policy-related obstacles continue to impede its overall efficiency. This study investigates the key elements of Kazakhstan’s financial mechanisms—namely state budget allocations, inter-budgetary relations, tax policies, and transfer mechanisms— to propose targeted strategies for improving their functionality. The findings indicate a distinct trend toward performance-oriented budgeting, marked by increasing investment in social services and infrastructure. However, the comparatively limited support for economic diversification raises concerns about the country’s long-term resilience. In addition, pronounced regional disparities underscore the necessity of allocating resources more equitably to foster balanced socio-economic development. While tax incentives aimed at supporting small and medium-sized enterprises have yielded some positive outcomes, the tax base remains disproportionately dependent on the oil and gas sector, leaving Kazakhstan susceptible to external market fluctuations. Transfer mechanisms have contributed to reducing poverty rates, yet their effectiveness is undermined by shortcomings in targeting and sustainability. Comparative analyses of neighboring countries point to significant opportunities for adopting best practices in areas such as budget transparency, SME promotion, and financial market reform. The study concludes by recommending that Kazakhstan reprioritize its budget to emphasize economic diversification, address regional funding inequities, broaden its tax base, and enhance social transfer efficiency. Taken together, these measures can strengthen the nation’s financial system, mitigate external risks, and support Kazakhstan’s objectives for sustainable growth and economic diversification.
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34

Blažek, Jiří. "Inter-Regional Disparities in the Czech Republic During the Transition." Geografie 101, no. 4 (1996): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1996101040265.

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The article deals with the development of inter-regional disparities in the Czech Republic during the period of transition. Regional disparities are firstly set into wider context of regional development theories and consequently, disparities within the Czech Republic are compared with those in EU member states. Since the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic is unusually low, the interregional disparities seem small. However, the coefficient of variation reveals the contrary. Finally it is concluded that the inter-regional disparities in average incomes are still only a fraction of the disparities in economic preformance of the regions.
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35

Percoco, Marco. "Spatial Health Inequality and Regional Disparities." REGION 8, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v8i1.325.

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Geography and the quality of the environment may have long lasting effects on the living standards of individuals and this, in its turn, may affect even substantially the distribution of income and regional disparities. In this paper I consider malaria as a measure of “bad geography” and propose some evidence showing that it was a major determinant of the health of individuals (as measured by the height of conscripts) and its disparities between individuals and regions in Italy. In particular, to estimate the relationship between malaria exposure and height, I rely on the “fetal origins hypothesis”, that is I hypothesize that exposure to malaria in utero or during childhood has persistent effects on health. Periods under scrutiny in this paper are the last two decades of the XIX century, a period without major public health interventions, and the years around the eradication era in the 1950s. My results support the hypothesis that geographically targeted policies may reduce health inequality between regions and within regions.
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36

Solanki, Sandip P. "Economic Reforms and Inter-Regional Disparities." Journal of Global Economy 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v4i4.108.

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The impact of India’s economic reforms on economic performance has been the subject of much academic study and public debate in India, but the focus has been largely on the performance of the economy as a whole or of individual sectors. The performance of individual states in the post-reforms period has not received comparable attention and yet there are very good reasons why such an analysis should be of special interest. The study focuses on the issue of inter-state disparities of the 14 major states in the post-reform period beginning from the 1991-92 to 1998-99 and further from 2000-01 to 2005-06.
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37

Bălan, Mariana, Carmen Uzlǎu, and Geo-Alexandru Spânulescu. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL DISPARITIES." International Journal of Research In Commerce and Management Studies 02, no. 02 (2020): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38193/ijrcms.2020.20210.

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38

Hirahara, Yuki. "Regional Disparities in the Industrial Sophistication." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 20, no. 4 (March 3, 2022): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.20.4_379.

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39

Sakalasooriya, Nishan. "Regional Development Disparities in Sri Lanka." Open Journal of Social Sciences 09, no. 07 (2021): 62–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.97006.

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40

Kotikova, Sylvie. "Regional disparities in the spillover effect." Business and Economic Horizons 14, no. 5 (October 30, 2018): 988–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/beh.2018.67.

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41

Estevão, Marcello M. "Regional Labor Market Disparities in Belgium." IMF Working Papers 02, no. 134 (2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451855616.001.

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42

Hynninen, Sanna-Mari, Aki Kangasharju, and Jaakko Pehkonen. "Matching Inefficiencies, Regional Disparities, and Unemployment." LABOUR 23, no. 3 (September 2009): 481–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2009.00460.x.

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43

Gabaldón-Quiñones, Patricia, Elena Mañas-Alcón, and Rubén Garrido-Yserte. "Regional Welfare Disparities: A Leisure Analysis." World Leisure Journal 50, no. 4 (January 2008): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2008.9674562.

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44

Miyakoshi, Tatsuyoshi, and Yoshihiko Tsukuda. "Regional Disparities in Japanese Banking Performance." Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies 16, no. 1 (March 2004): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-940x.2004.00081.x.

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45

Blížkovský, Petr. "Regional disparities and convergences in America." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 4 (2012): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260040037.

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This paper analyses the levels and trends of regional disparity and convergence in the two American macro-regions, NAFTA and MERCOSUR. In the case of NAFTA, 95 micro-regions were analysed (12 in Canada; 32 in Mexico; 51 states in the US). In MERCOSUR, the regions are represented by four countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). The analysis covers the period 2000–2008 (or rather 2000 to 2005 for Mexico). The regional disparities were calculated with the Gini coefficient based on nominal GDP, GDP per capita and GDP per capita PPS. Convergence analysis was done with the Disparity Range Coefficient (DRC), the Average Disparity Range Coefficient (ADRC), σ- convergence and β-convergence. The results of regional disparity were as follows. Based on the nominal GDP, it was at high levels in both macro-regions, with a Gini coefficient above 0.55. With the disparities calculated on GDP per capita, the level of regional disparity in both macro-regions was lower at 0.36 in NAFTA and 0.28 in MERCOSUR in 2000. Based on GDP per capita in PPP, the levels were lower than based on the GDP per capita analysis starting at 0.31 in NAFTA and 0.16 in MERCOSUR. The disparities further decreased by half in NAFTA while slightly increasing in MERSCOSUR. The convergence analysis results based on the DRC analysis showed that neither NAFTA nor MERCOSUR regions converged. The speed of divergence varied significantly. The disparities among the richest and poorest regions in GDP per capita increased 6.26 times more than the average GDP per capita in PPP in NAFTA as a whole. It was only 0.52 in MERCOSUR. The ADRC analysis also resulted in divergence trends for both macro-regions but with lower rates. Convergence calculated with the σ- convergence analysis confirmed that both macro-regions diverged. The divergence rate for NAFTA was 1.41% and for MERCOSUR 0.74. Calculated with the β-convergence analysis, the NAFTA region showed a status quo (convergence of 0.01%) and a divergence trend was registered for MERCOSUR (0.99%). At the country level, the micro-regions in Canada were diverging (1.62% per year) while the ones in the US and Mexico converging (0.02% and 0.77%, respectively).
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46

Blížkovský, Petr. "Regional disparities and convergences in Asia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 4 (2012): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260040047.

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This paper analyses the disparity and convergence between the 10 and 11 countries of ASEAN and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) respectively and the 31 sub-national regions (provinces) in China.The regional disparity levels and trends were analysed using the Gini coefficient between the regions (nominal GDP, GDP per capita and GDP per capita in Purchasing Parity Power, PPP). The convergence analysis was evaluated using the Disparity Range Coefficient (DRC), the Average Disparity Range Coefficient (ADRC), and the σ- and b-convergence. The time period covered was 2000–2008 (ASEAN and CIS) and 2000–2006 (China).The results show a relatively high regional disparity between the Asian macro-regions of ASEAN and CIS and much lower disparities between the China sub-regions. The disparities were highest if based on the nominal GDP and lower if based on the DGP per capita. The GDP per capita was lower, between 0.30 to 0.4 for the CIS and China, and around 0.7 in ASEAN. The convergence analysis showed mixed results. Based on the DRC analysis, none of the Asian macro-regions converged. All three macro-regions diverged 1.4 to 12.68 times quicker than the average macro-regional GDP per capita grew, ASEAN being at the divergence top and China at the bottom. Based on the ADRC analysis, all macro-regions also proved to diverge. However, the divergence rates were much lower. For macro-regions China and CIS, the divergence was slower than macro-regional growth, thus their divergence was moderate. On the other side, if the macro-region was calculated using the σ-convergence analysis, the converging macro-regions were ASEAN and China, with 2.13% and 0.47% respectively. CIS was diverging at the speed of 1.25% per year. Based on b-convergence, ASEAN and China were converging (1.54% and 1.32%), and a slow divergence trend was registered for CIS, 1.01%.
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47

Brunello, G. "Regional disparities and the Italian NAIRU." Oxford Economic Papers 52, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 146–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/52.1.146.

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48

Muñoz, Rodrigo Mendieta, and Nicola Pontarollo. "Convergence and Regional Disparities in Ecuador." Regions Magazine 301, no. 1 (March 2016): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13673882.2016.11720267.

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49

Yang, Qi. "Railway express and regional economic disparities." Finance Research Letters 73 (March 2025): 106655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106655.

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50

Carlsen, Fredrik. "Testing Equilibrium Models of Regional Disparities." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 47, no. 1 (February 2000): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9485.00150.

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