Relevant bibliographies by topics / Regional economic community (REC)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Regional economic community (REC)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Regional economic community (REC).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Regional economic community (REC)"

1

Gidigbi, Matthew Oladapo, and Benedict Akanegbu. "Does Financial Integration Exist in ECOWAS?" Journal of Social and Development Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 18, 2017): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v8i2.1793.

Full text
Abstract:
Free movement of goods, capital, and persons have been the long-term strategic goals of the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) since its establishment. Notwithstanding, financial integration has become more important in deepening political integration in the region than ever. Assessing how far the Regional Economic Community (REC) has achieved her objective of free movement of capital among the member states. Therefore, this study investigated the existence of financial integration in ECOWAS by employing savings-investment equality, popularly known as Feldstein-Horioka Criterion; a panel data for all the 15 member states was fitted into the specified model. The study found that there is the existence of financial integration in the REC, and that language inhibits financial integration and that the coefficient of language dummy stands at -4.8 percent. However, it found that language inhibition of the financial integration in the REC will gradually disappear over time, as the interactive coefficient of language and time stands at -0.12 percent. This study concludes that a level of financial integration is in existence in the REC. Therefore, the REC is prepared for monetary unification assuming that there will be more substantial trade among the member states.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Falkov, Valery N., Andrei V. Tolstikov, Andrey S. Latyshev, and Alexey G. Barabashev. "On Possibilities to Improve the evaluation of Effectiveness of Research-Educational." Science management: theory and practice 1, no. 2 (2019): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2019.1.2.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of scientific research produced, as the rule, by using the bibliometric instruments of the analytics of research publications (level of publications, measured by its reference with the quartiles of research journals in main bibliometric international bases of knowledge Web of Sciences, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc.; exploration of its attributing to the lists of leading international publishing houses; citation indexes of publications). The analytics of research publications in first line is used for the purposes to find, are researchers are fulfilled their KPI, or not, are their research is valuable for scientific community. Same time, other instruments of the effectiveness evaluation of research exists, that are taking into account its complexity, its scientific and educational nature. Such evaluations are mostly integrated into the evaluation of effectiveness (research excellence) of universities and other research organizations. Combination of expert, bibliometric evaluations of research, its usage in educational programs is the specific feature of the complex evaluation of effectiveness in the terms of research excellence evaluation procedures. Unfortunately, economic (applied) instruments of research effectiveness evaluation are not introduced properly yet, it is mostly evaluated as the part of resource base of universities and scientific organizations (resources obtained from research-based innovative products are considered as the part of general resources). Due to the recent establishing of Research-educational Centers (REC) in Russian Federation, the necessity to explore complex multi-component evaluations of REC, including not 2, but 3 main components, as effectiveness of research in REC itself, as their educational programs economic effectiveness, and the research outcomes for real sector of economy. Unfortunately, 2nd and 3rd components evaluations are underdeveloped right now. In the article the indicative instruments for evaluations of research are analyzed with the purpose to apply it for REC and for the quality of educational programs evaluation takin in mind its input into the economic effectiveness of REC. Such an instruments are capable to provide the accurate measuring of economic effectiveness of research and educational programs of REC. We are propose the instruments that are allows to integrate the indicators of regional effectiveness introduced by President of Russia Decree (2019) with some from indicators of effectiveness of REC that are introduced by Government of Russia (2019) and can be attributed to economical effectiveness of REC and of educational programs that are realized in the Centers of Competency Development (CCD) belonged to REC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Noyoo, Ndangwa. "Bringing social cohesion into the equation of regional integration: The case of Southern Africa." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030105.

Full text
Abstract:
Social cohesion is a powerful force that has helped to change and reshape the political landscape of southern Africa in the last four decades. However, social cohesion is rarely factored into regional integration endeavors in this part of Africa, which are in the main, geared towards economic imperatives. With economic development as the primary objective of nations in the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the assumption here seems to centre on the notion that once the region has been economically integrated, then human development would follow. This thinking is in line with the neo-liberal paradigm of “trickle down” economics which has not been very helpful to states of this region. Nonetheless, this lop-sided view of regional integration has a history.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Maier-Knapp, Naila. "Relating regional crises and political cohesion from an ASEAN and EU-ASEAN perspective." Regions and Cohesion 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2016.060305.

Full text
Abstract:
In December 2015, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) celebrated the official establishment of the ASEAN Community. Having emerged in 1967 as a regional grouping of developing countries with minimal shared interests—beyond the common concern of economic growth and national resilience, ASEAN now has established regional structures which have been vital in enhancing development and dialogue on a broad range of issues across the Southeast Asian region. Over the years, the institutional development at the regional level has been accompanied by various efforts to promote regional unity and identity. The more recent years have also displayed that the international community has been supporting these efforts for ASEAN unity and identity by showing greater recognition of ASEAN as an international actor in its own right, for example, through the establishment of numerous country delegations to ASEAN.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Uberti, Stefano Degli, Philippe De Lombaerde, Sonja Nita, and Elettra Legovini. "Analyzing intra-regional migration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Statistical data constraints and the role for regional organizations." Regions and Cohesions 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 77–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2015.050204.

Full text
Abstract:
Africa has long been described as an immensely mobile continent and continues to be viewed in this vein (Amin, 1995; de Bruij n et al., 2001; IOM, 2005). The 2005 World Migration Report describes Africa as “the continent with the most mobile populations in the world” (IOM, 2005, p. 33). In Western Africa, for instance, almost 4.4 million migrants moved in 2005 to another country of the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) (World Bank, 2010). Compared to the overall international migrants in Western Africa (UNDP, 2009), South-South (S-S) migration accounted for more than 50% in 2005 (ACP, 2010, p. 5; Bakewell, 2009). The volume of intra-regional migrations in Africa seems to be inversely proportional to the availability of statistical data. The shortage of both quantitative and qualitative data on migration (Gnisci & Trémolières, 2006, p. 10; OECD/SWAC, 2006, p. 18; Ratha & Shaw, 2007; Zlotnik, 2003, p. 2) and timely information on population movements, whether internal or international, is a major obstacle to the understanding of migration dynamics in Africa. Nineteen of the 56 countries on the African continent have either no data or just one census providing any information on migrant stocks from the 1950s (Zlotnik, 2003).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kuźnar, Andżelika, and Jerzy Brunon Menkes. "EU-Japan Agreements: Content, Context and Implications." Review of European and Comparative Law 39, no. 4 (July 7, 2020): 7–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4839.

Full text
Abstract:
The article analyses the agreements concluded by the EU with Japan: Economic Partnership Agreement, Strategic Partnership Agreementand the negotiated agreement: Investment Protection Agreement. EPA liberalizes trade in goods and services. By setting the legal framework for a strategic partnership, SPA facilitates cooperation against common challenges. IPA will regulate standards for investment protection and disputes resolution. The analysis consists: – the content of the Agreements; – socio-economic and political potential of the parties; – EU’s legal powers to negotiate and conclude agreements, and its competence, whether exclusive or shared, to enter into these Agreements; – the importance of Agreements for their parties and for other international actors as well as for regional, trans-regional and global relations. The thesis of the study is the statement that in a world where instability is increasing and security is reduced, the parties are fulfilling their, as real great powers, obligation to bear special responsibility for the implementation of the values represented. The Agreements confirm the community of values on which they are embedded and create conditions for strengthening these values. The study consists of five parts. First we analyse the subject matter of the Agreements , then their actors, and the reasons of concluding them and why. In part IV \we explain the importance of the Agreements for the contracting parties and for the international community, and in part V we concentrate on the Agreements as seen from the external perspective. The conclusions state that the Agreements institutionalise security communitywhere the security and defence policy component is still relatively weak, but is also being developed. The agreements making closer political and economic ties between the UE and Japan open the way to creation of the EU’s security community with “democratic diamonds” in the Asia–Pacific region.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Compton Jr., Robert W. "Comparative regional integration in SADC and ASEAN: Democracy and governance issues in historical and socio-economic context Integración regional comparativa de la SADC y la ASEAN: problemas de democracia y gobernabilidad en un contexto histórico y socioeconómico Analyse comparée de l'intégration régionale au sein du SADC et de l'ANASE : Enjeux démocratiques et de gouvernance établis au regard du contexte historique et socio-économique." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030102.

Full text
Abstract:
Both the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) support regional and national integration, the protection of human rights and civil society involvement, and non-interference in member states' internal affairs. Sometimes these goals at the regional level become mutually exclusive. Human rights groups, international organizations, and Western states have criticized human rights abuses and democracy and governance shortcomings in several ASEAN states (e.g., Vietnam and Myanmar) and SADC countries (e.g., Swaziland, Madagascar, and Zimbabwe). This article addresses ASEAN and SADC's historical context and continued development related to these issues. It also evaluates the regional organizations' effectiveness in balancing o en mutually exclusive goals and concludes that existing regional organizational strength and cohesion impact the approaches used to manage conflict and external criticism and build greater social cohesion regionally and within states. SADC utilizes a “regional compliance model“ based on political criteria whereas ASEAN utilizes a “constructive engagement“ or “economic integration first“ model. SADC places greater emphasis on placing good governance, especially as it relates to human rights, at the forefront of regionalism. ASEAN sublimates human rights to regional integration through constructive engagement and greater emphases on economic relations. Two distinct models of regional integration exist.Spanish La Comunidad de Desarrollo de África Austral (SADC por sus siglas en inglés), y la Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN en inglés), apoyan la integración regional/continental y nacional, la protección de los derechos humanos, la participación de la sociedad civil, y la no injerencia en los asuntos internos de los estados miembros. A veces, estas metas son mutuamente excluyentes a nivel regional. Grupos de derechos humanos, organizaciones internacionales y estados occidentales han criticado las violaciones de los derechos humanos y las deficiencias en democracia y gobernabilidad en varios Estados de la ASEAN (por ejemplo, Vietnam y Myanmar) y en algunos países de la SADC (por ejemplo, Suazilandia, Madagascar y Zimbabue). En este artículo se aborda el contexto histórico de la SADC y la ASEAN y su continuo desarrollo relacionado con los temas mencionados. También se evalúa la eficacia de las organizaciones regionales, haciendo el balance entre los objetivos a menudo mutuamente excluyentes, y concluye que la existente fuerza regional de organización y cohesión impacta los enfoques utilizados para manejar el conflicto y la crítica externa, y promueve la construcción de una mayor cohesión social regionalmente y dentro de los estados. La SADC utiliza un “modelo de cumplimiento regional“ basado en criterios políticos, mientras que la ASEAN utiliza un modelo de “compromiso constructivo“ o “integración económica primero“. La SADC pone mayor énfasis en afianzar la buena gobernanza, especialmente en lo relacionado con los derechos humanos, a la vanguardia del regionalismo. La ASEAN vincula los derechos humanos a la integración regional a través de un compromiso constructivo y pone un mayor énfasis en las relaciones económicas. Dos existentes modelos diferentes de integración regional. French La Communauté de développement d'Afrique australe (SADC en anglais), aussi bien que L'Association des nations de l'Asie du SudEst (ANASE) soutiennent respectivement les principes relatifs à l'intégration régionale et nationale, à la protection des droits de l'homme, à la participation de la société civile dans l'agenda publique, ainsi qu'à la non-ingérence dans les affaires internes des Etats. Toutefois, il arrive que ces objectifs deviennent mutuellement exclusifs au niveau régional. Les organisations de défense des droits de l'homme et les gouvernements occidentaux n'ont jamais cessé de critiquer les violations des droits de l'homme, ainsi que les lacunes en matière de démocratie et de gouvernance qui prévalent dans les pays membre de l'ANASE (ex : le Viet Nam, Myanmar) et ceux de la SADC (ex : le Swaziland, Madagascar et le Zimbabwe). Cet article aborde le contexte historique dans lequel l'ANASE et la SADC ont vu le jour ainsi que la nature des enjeux qui l'ont suivi. Il évalue également d'un point de vue comparé, l'efficacité de ces organisations régionales sur la base des objectifs qu'ils se sont fixés, tout en penchant pour la conclusion selon laquelle la présence d'une force régionale influente impacte nécessairement dans la gestion des conflits, et combien la critique externe participe à la construction d'une plus grande cohésion sociale et régionale au sein des États. La SADC s'appuie un “modèle de conformité régionale» fondé sur des critères politiques, tandis que l'ANASE fait appel à un “engagement constructif“ ayant pour modèle “l'intégration économique“. La SADC accorde davantage plus d'importance à la mise en œuvre d'une bonne gouvernance, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les droits de l'homme et l'évolution vers un régionalisme plus avancé. L'ANASE sublime les droits de l'homme à l'intégration régionale par le biais d'un engagement constructif et de grandes insistances dans les relations économiques. Ce qui fait d'eux deux modèles d'intégration régionale distincts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mutani, Guglielmina, Silvia Santantonio, and Simone Beltramino. "Indicators and Representation Tools to Measure the Technical-Economic Feasibility of a Renewable Energy Community. The Case Study of Villar Pellice (Italy)." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160101.

Full text
Abstract:
Energy Communities (EC) are intended as legal entities that can ensure environmental, economic, and social benefits for energy exchanges between its members. The Italian legislation has recently introduced incentives to Renewable Energy Communities (REC). This work analyses the case study of the REC in Villar Pellice (Turin) and defines a methodology to assess its technical-economic feasibility. The hourly energy consumption and the local renewable energy production are assessed through a place-based methodology, considering different category of end users (municipalities, residential dwelling, companies), and obtaining data from available online database. The REC energy performance is assessed through the self-consumption and the self-sufficiency indexes. Besides, cost-optimal analysis evaluates its economic feasibility, considering investment costs and economic incentives. Several interventions are hypothesized to compare possible REC scenarios (e.g., photovoltaic panels and storage systems installation, energy efficiency measures for public lighting, and different configurations of end users). Results show that REC allows to aggregate stakeholders, ensuring economic advantages and environmental benefits. The methodology applied in this work can support the design phase of the RECs. Its flexibility makes it adaptable to different territorial and regulatory contexts, in evaluating the optimal REC configuration to maximize revenues from the incentive and reach the highest level of energy independence.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Warner, Keith Douglass. "The Greening of American Catholicism: Identity, Conversion, and Continuity." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 18, no. 1 (2008): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2008.18.1.113.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractEnvironmental concern is emerging in all major American religious denominations, a process known as the “greening of religion.” The dynamics of a greening process illustrate how individuals incorporate emergent social concerns into their existing moral worldviews and show the ways in which religious identities shape that process. Analyzing the dynamics of this phenomenon reveals much about how a community understands the meaning of religious conversion, demonstrates the stability of religious identities, and illustrates how leaders use new problems to reframe religious identities. The greening of American Catholicism builds upon prior efforts to extend a practical theology of social justice (conversion) but articulates new moral responsibilities for future generations while reinforcing identity (continuity). Pope John Paul II opened a new domain for Catholic social teaching by his numerous teachings about environmental stewardship. U.S. Catholic greening efforts built organically upon the Catholic social teaching initiatives of the 1980s, addressing peace and economic justice, and the emergence of what some refer to as a “distinctly Catholic” contribution to environmental ethics should be interpreted in light of these efforts. This term is not precisely defined, but it suggests a concern for cultivating environmental values within the framework of a Catholic identity and for not subverting Catholic religious identity to conventional “secular” environmental values. The rhetorical framing of environment concerns by an ethic of justice was drawn from the biblical vision of justice, but it was influenced by the American environmental justice movement that emerged during this period. The most innovative expression of the greening of American Catholicism has been a set of regional initiatives, bringing Catholic social vision to bear on local issues through lay civic engagement. The lessons from this study speak to the broad evolution of religious environmental ethics in American culture and can inform future studies of this transreligious phenomenon.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Anisimova, Valeriya Yu, and Elvin P. Gaffarli. "Analysis of financing and role of world-class research and education centers in the Russian Federation." Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 12, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2021-12-2-7-18.

Full text
Abstract:
The article analyzes the role of science in the development of state, world-class scientific and educational centers and their role in the innovative development of regions. The article presents the indicators of financing of REC. The sources and mechanisms of REC financing are analyzed. The effectiveness of functioning and impact of REC on the economy of the region is revealed. Possible reasons are given for the fact that the share of federal budget funds, specifically grants, is no more than 14,5 %, depending on the REC. It is noted that the main expenditures of the regional budget are directed to fundamental and applied research that meets the criteria and requirements of the regional market, the purchase of educational and scientific equipment, and the support and development of production enterprises that are members of REC. The creation of the REC will raise the prestige of science in the state, and the real sector of the economy is included in this process. The activities of scientific and educational center will also affect the structure of the GRP of the region. It was found that the functioning of RECs has positive socio-economic effects. This is reflected in the REC's performance targets, which are reflected in their work programs. In general, the functioning of the REC will have positive socio-economic effects, such as increasing the standard of living and attractiveness of the region; improving the environmental situation; increasing the production of innovative and high-tech products; increasing the level of GRP; creating new jobs; improving and developing the scientific and educational environment of the region.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regional economic community (REC)"

1

Indopu, Kufamuyeke, and Talla Joseph Tagne. "Foreign Direct Investment In Africa : A Look Into FDI Determinants." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14764.

Full text
Abstract:
Foreign Direct Investment is seen as a critical source of capital inflow and a stimulant of economic growth in many developing nations. It brings with it benefits such as job creation, technology and knowledge transfers just to mention a few. Thus many African countries are keen in finding ways of attracting FDI. The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) by incorporating an econometric method based on cross-sectional data from 41 African countries over the period 2002-2007. More precisely, this research intends to answer the following question: what are the relevant determinants that promote FDI inflows in Africa? Among the several determinants of FDI, the finding suggests that market size and natural resource predominance are the main determinants of FDI into Africa.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Daniels, Cecily-Ann Jaqui Monique. "Regional integration in the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area and the importance of infrastructure development in promoting trade and reducing poverty." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6814_1373463283.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Chowthee, Nishi Lalmanie. "Regional economic integration in Africa : the importance of regional economic communities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/932.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since independence in the early 1950's, Africa's overall economic performance compared very unfavourably with those of other regions of the developing world mainly because it attained political independence as a fragmented continent. From this time, the vision of African leaders has been that of regional integration and the creation of the African common market. The vision of a common market which unites Africa's mostly small and fragmented economies would lead to economies of scale, thereby making African countries more competitive. That vision however, has been clouded by the devastation of war, both civil and territorial and corruption which drains the state. Therefore, the importance of regional economic integration is pertinent and more so, the role of Regional Economic Communities as integrative institutions. The African Union, the main institution for political, economic and social integration established the African Economic Community whose main role is to facilitate the regional economic integration process in Africa. Africa's RECs have been designated by the Abuja Treaty as the building blocks for integration and the eventual creation of an African Economic Community. The Abuja Treaty and the Constitutive Act of the African Union provides for the coordination and harmonization of the policies of the Regional Economic Communities. One of the main challenges confronting Africa in its quest for full integration is the rationalisation of regional economic communities. The RECs with their treaties, protocols and agendas are logical institutions to jumpstart Africa's integration. The African Union recognises eight Regional Economic Communities, but the African continent has fourteen inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), all of which are working on regional integration issues. The RECs have had some successes but have not met their objectives of greater production. The RECs need to be revived and the first thing would be to rationalise their structure and their interactions with national governments. Rationalisation has benefits and costs and rationalisation efforts should focus on efficiency and effectiveness. Ultimately, rationalisation would allow Africa to attain the full benefits of integration, particularly growth for trade within and outside Africa. Regional Economic Communities are viewed as pillars of continental integration by the African Union. The strategy of economic emancipation must denote economic development for all African people including grass roots level and there is no doubt that significant challenges exist and must be addressed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die onafhanlikheid in die vroeë 1950's het die oorgrote ekonomiese groei van Afrika goed vergelyk met die ander onwikkelende streke in die wêreld grotendeels as gevolg van die gefragmenteerde onafhanklikheidswording in Afika as geheel. Vir die eerste keer was die visie van Afrika leiers dit eens dat Afrika streke as een moet integreer asook die daarstelling van een gemeenskaplike mark. Hierdie visie is egter vertroebel deur die verwoesting van oorloë, beide siviel en territoriaal, asook korrupsie, wat 'n staat dreineer. Daarom is die belangrikheid van streeks ekonomiese integrasie steeds belangrik, en nog meer so, die rol van Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe (REC's) as integrerende instelling. Die Afrika Unie, die hoof instelling vir politieke, ekonomiese en sosiale integrasie het die Afrika Ekonomiese Gemeenskap, wie se hoof taak dit is om die streeks ekonomiese integrasie te fasiliteer, gestig. Afrika se Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe is aangewys deur die Abuja Verdrag, om as die bouers van integrasie op te tree, met die uiteindelike daarstelling van 'n Afrika Ekonomiese Gemeenskap. Die Abuja Verdrag en die Konstutiewe Wet van die Afrika Unie maak voorsiening vir die koordinasie in ooreenstemming met die beleidsrigting van die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe. Een van die hoof uitdagings wat Afrika in die gesig staar, met die soektog na volle integrasie, is die rasionalisasie van streeks ekonomiese gemeenskappe. Die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe met hulle verdrae, protokol en agendas is die logiese instelling om die integrasie van Afrika 'n hupstoot te gee. Die Afrika Unie erken agt Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe maar die Afrika kontinent het veertien inter-regerings organisasies (IGO's) wat almal werk aan streeks integrasie kwessies. Die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe het 'n sekere mate van sukses behaal, maar het nog nie hulle geteikende groter produksie bereik nie. Die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe moet opnuut herleef word en die eerste stap sou wees om te rasionaliseer oor hulle struktuur en die interaksie met nasionale regerings. Rasionalisering het voordele en kostes en pogings behoort te fokus op doeltreffendheid en effektiwiteit. Die uiteinde van rasionalisering sal Afrika die volle voordele van integrasie, veral t.o.v handelsgroei binne en buite Afrika, ervaar. Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe word beskou, deur die Afrika Unie, as die pilare van kontinentale intergrasie. Die strategie van ekonomiese emansipasie moet 'n aanduiding wees vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling vir al die mense van Afrika, ook op grondvlak, en daar is geen twyfel dat beduidende uitdagings bestaan en dat dit moet aangespreek word.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gaolaolwe, Dikabelo. "The nature of the legal relationship between the three RECs and the envisaged TFTA: a focus on the dispute settlement mechanism." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4433_1380708981.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Haigh, David Peter. "Community economic development? : an examination of regional and sub-regional support networks for social enterprise." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1741.

Full text
Abstract:
The development of social enterprise as a potential tool to assist local and community economic development, has led to a range of debates specifically about the social and entrepreneurial values they exhibit. These debates have led to more theoretical questions about how social enterprise can transfer knowledge and best practice within and between local networks of association and how their successful outcomes should be measured. These issues have posed problems for many social enterprise support agencies and policy makers as they attempt to make sense of both support and development needs. Ultimately, these have led to a study about obtaining a better understanding of the support networks at regional and sub-regional levels, which are available for social enterprise. This has been done through a critical examination of contemporary policy documentation and research grounded in empirical investigation, about the development of the social economy, the effectiveness and construction of social enterprise support, how local economic development policy knowledges evolve and are shared and how social enterprise intersects and interacts within established socio-economic and socio-political systems. The thesis was undertaken between 2002 and 2008 and utilised a grounded theory approach to triangulate both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research principally through a national scoping survey and sub-regional interviews with social enterprise support providers and policy makers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nyirabikali, Gaudence. "Promoting Socio-Economic Development through Regional Integration - The Politics of Regional Economic Communities in Africa." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206.

Full text
Abstract:

Regional integration has gained momentum since the 1980s and throughout the world. The new regionalism process prevailing since differs from the old one by its multidimensionality covering economic, political, social, and cultural issues within a regional setting. While the old regionalism focused on market protection using a range of tariff and non tariff barriers, the New Regionalism is reinforced by the globalisation effects and strives for efficiency in production, and market access. Using the New Regionalisms Approach, the aim of this thesis is to appreciate the actual levels of regional integration in Africa and explore plausible ways of deepening the integration process with the view that regional integration can promote socio-economic development, provided a pro-development approach is privileged in the conception and implementation of the regional integration process. Focusing on SADC as a representative regional economic community, a qualitative content analysis is used for data collection while policy analysis is carried out using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The results of this study reveal discrepancies between policy formulation and policy implementation when it comes to enhancing the pro-developmental aspects in the unfolding regional integration process. In spite that shortcomings in past experiences triggered dramatic structural reforms ranging from the reorganisation of the Organisation of African Unity into the African Union, the creation of NEPAD, to structural reforms within regional economic communities with the example of the 2001 restructuring of SADC, empirical evidence shows that little change has occurred at the operational level. Moreover, even policy formulation at the collective-action level still lacks concrete strategies and plans for harmonisation and implementation of regional initiatives. Some of the strategies for deepening the regional integration process would include prioritising regional commitments to external ones and improving policy formulation as well as establishing linkages between different regional policies and strategies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Koh, Jae Bang. "Regional disadvantages and economic and political integration within the European Community /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487778663286902.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Obuah, Emmanuel Ezi. "Regional economic integration in Africa : the role of transnational corporations in the economic community of West African states." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318499.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gatsinzi, Philip. "Implementing the African Economic Community Treaty: The Role of Regional Economic Communities in Africa's Trade and Market Integration." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4619.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Banda, Simambo Tenford. "To what extent is overlapping membership of regional structures with mutually exclusive objectives in the SADC region an impediment to regional integration." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31410.

Full text
Abstract:
The main objectives of the study was to determine the exclusivity of the objectives of the regional groupings within the SADC region and to assess the impact that membership overlaps has on the realization of specific regional grouping objectives.A qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured in-depth expert interviews were used to determine the issues arising from regional membership overlaps in the SADC region.Due to limited literature around the subject of regional integration in the SADC region, work done by my supervisor Dr Jannie Rossouw were cited in some instances.Recent developments in the Western economies that have resulted in the refocusing of the SADC region have resulted in polarization amongst the regional groupings in Africa. Furthermore, existing regional groupings within the Southern Africa, have endenvoured on an ambitious regional integration agenda which has resulted in membership overlaps within the existing regional bodies. The study found that these regional overlaps are costing the affected member states in the form of monetary subscription and through the deployment of the rare human skilled resources to regional secretariats. The advent of the European Partnership Agreements has caused polarization within the SADC region through the signing of various bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements. Most importantly, this study found that structural overlaps exist within SADC itself. A lack of sufficient political will amongst SADC member states was also noted as an impediment to regional integration.However, the study also noted some positive performances of existing regional grouping despite membership overlaps. The Common Monetary Area was highlighted as a grouping that was performing in line with prescribed regional integration convergence indicators.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
Unrestricted
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Regional economic community (REC)"

1

Rationalization of the regional economic communities (RECs): Review of the Abuja Treaty and adoption of Minimum Integration Programme. Addis Ababa]: [African Union], Economic Affairs Dept., 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Đặng, Đình Long. Tính cộng đồng và xung đột môi trường tại khu vực làng nghề ở đồng bằng Sông Hồng: Thực trạng và xu hướng biển = Community spirit and environmental conflict in craft and industrial villages regions in Red River Delta : current situation and trend. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Development, Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Economic. Regional economic development authorities: A framework for regional community-based economic development. Regina, Sask: Saskatchewan Economic Development, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Regional variations in the European community. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kwŏn, Yŏng-min. Regional community-building in East Asia. Seoul, Korea: Yonsei University Press, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Curbelo, José Luis. Regional development planning: Regional political economy versus regional science? [Chicago?, Ill.]: Council of Planning Librarians, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mohamad, Mahathir bin. Regional development and the Pacific community: Selected speeches. Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Published by Pelanduk Pubs (M) Sdn Bhd for the Primen Minister's Office of Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Barahona, Alberto Gómez. La planificación económica regional, análisis jurídico. Madrid: Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda, Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Siebert, Claudia Freitas. Desenvolvimento regional em Santa Catarina. Blumenau: Edifurb, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ballantyne, Elaine. Regional policy under scrutiny: The European Commission and regional aid. Glasgow: European Policies Research Centre, University of Strathclyde, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Regional economic community (REC)"

1

Kim, Kee Beom, Fan Zhai, and Phu Huynh. "Regional Trade Agreements, Employment, and Inclusiveness." In ASEAN Economic Community, 175–95. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137535085_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Fau, Nathalie. "Investment in Infrastructure and Regional Integration: Will Connectivity Reduce Inequalities?" In ASEAN Economic Community, 291–310. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137535085_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Chaponnière, Jean-Raphaël, and Marc Lautier. "By Chance or by Virtue? The Regional Economic Integration Process in Southeast Asia." In ASEAN Economic Community, 33–57. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137535085_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Duval, Yann, and Emilie Feyler. "Intra- and Extraregional Trade Costs of ASEAN Economies: Implications for Asian Regional Integration." In ASEAN Economic Community, 153–72. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137535085_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Amin, Ash, and John Tomaney. "Turning the Tide? The Impact of Urban and Regional Regeneration Initiatives in North East England." In Community Economic Development, 65–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hall, Ronnie. "Regional disparities and Community policy." In Improving Economic and Social Cohesion in the European Community, 55–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23438-7_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Puutio, Teemu Alexander. "Regional Integration and the Creative Economies of ASEAN: Assessing the Potential for a Single ASEAN Creative Economy." In ASEAN Economic Community, 231–40. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137535085_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

González-Vigil, Fernando. "Andean Community Trade Flows and Policies in the Nineties." In Regional Integration and Economic Development, 11–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230513174_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Seidel, Bernhard. "The regional impact of Community policies." In Improving Economic and Social Cohesion in the European Community, 211–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23438-7_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Devadason, Evelyn S. "Malaysia: Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Integration." In Southeast Asia and the ASEAN Economic Community, 187–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19722-3_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Regional economic community (REC)"

1

"Living in the New Regional Context: Rethinking an ASEAN Economic Community." In Emirates Research Publishing. Emirates Research Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.e1115070.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Fan, Hong. "Fluctuation in a Multi-regional Economic Network Model with Community Structure." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.1299.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

LIANU, Costin, and Corina GUDEI. "Economic diplomacy, community in macro-regional perspective - the case of Danube region." In The 4th International Conference on Economic Sciences and Business Administration. Fundatia Romania de Maine, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/v4.i1.28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Susanti, Eka Nana, Jamil Latief, and Suswandari. "Local Wisdom of Krowe Sikka Weaving Cloth as a Potential of Creative Regional Economic Empowerment." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ren, Zhiyuan, and Shanshan Bao. "Thailand’s Strategic Choice to Participate in Regional Cooperation of ASEAN Community." In 4th International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200316.331.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zhang, Siyang. "An Empirical Study on the Regional Distribution and Influencing Factors of Community Development Foundations." In 6th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210319.055.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kaufmane, Dace. "Community cooperation for tourism development." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.54.018.

Full text
Abstract:
Cooperation and research on related issues in the tourism sector is still topical as virtually no new tourism offer is possible without cooperation. This has been confirmed by previous studies. However, in the context of community initiatives, cooperation in tourism has not been analysed very much. The aim of the paper is to analyse community cooperation in rural tourism development on the basis of content analysis of the LEADER projects and previous studies on collaboration. Cooperation is based on the understanding and exchange of information facilitated by existing and new forms of common actions between public and private actors. The results reveal that community cooperation for the development of rural tourism in Latvia can be seen as structural with the Rural Support Service as a central actor, which is responsible for the uniform implementation of the state’s and European Union’s support policy in Latvia, monitors compliance with agricultural legislation and regulates the conditions of all involved. At regional level, cooperation is coordinated by rural partnerships and governed by their strategies that sets clear objectives for local action in communities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ergül, Osman. "Regionalism in Russian Foreign Policy and Russian Integration Strategy through Eurasian Economic Community." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00560.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper aims to analyze how Russia could develop different regional models of economic cooperation in order to integrate better into the world economy. Russia’s new strategy especially after the establishment of the EurAsEC and its perception of regionalism, especially in the context of EurAsEC, is an important issue. This is valid not only for the specific analysis of the current concept of regionalism; but also for identifying the key variables of both the new international order and the changing character of new inter-state relations. With in this context, Russian foreign policies toward former Soviet republics in the areas of economy and energy have significant effects on the formation of a new world order. This article therefore aims at studying the attempts of the integration process within the EurAsEC that can be defined as a unique example combining both the process of old regionalism with the new one. Thus, EurAsEC is also worth analyzing not only for drawing inspiration from the EU; but also for being the only example declaring its ambition in its founding treaty of customs union to become a supranational integration process in the post-Soviet area.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Asra, Yunelly, and Adrian Irnanda Pratama. "Policy Options of the Bengkalis Regional Government in Handling the National Disaster Covid-19 and Its Impact on Community Economic Growth." In International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science (ICAST-SS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210424.050.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Иванова, Наталия Александровна. "FEATURES OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL SYSTEMS." In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ «Нацразвитие» (Санкт-Петербург, Август 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/aug319.2021.50.51.009.

Full text
Abstract:
Актуальность предложенной статьи обусловлена вопросами устойчивого развития регионов, получившее распространение в связи с концепцией устойчивого развития, выдвинутой мировым сообществом на рубеже 80-90-х гг. XX в.. В последние годы этот процесс заметно интенсифицируется, что связано с возрастающим значением устойчивого развития регионов как важнейшего фактора повышения эффективности в новых условиях хозяйствования. Ведущим подходом к исследованию данной проблемы является задействование прогрессивных источников экономического роста, значительного усиления экологизации хозяйственной деятельности, создания условий для развития человеческого потенциала. The relevance of the proposed article is due to the issues of sustainable development of regions, which became widespread in connection with the concept of sustainable development put forward by the world community at the turn of the 80-90s. XX century. In recent years, this process has been noticeably intensified, which is associated with the increasing importance of sustainable development of regions as the most important factor in increasing efficiency in the new economic conditions. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the involvement of progressive sources of economic growth, a significant increase in the greening of economic activity, and the creation of conditions for the development of human potential.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Regional economic community (REC)"

1

McCall, Jamie. Community Development in the Southeast: Regional Economic Indicators. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/comm.dev.se.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Batalova, Jeanne, Andriy Shymonyak, and Guntur Sugiyarto. Firing Up Regional Brain Networks: The Promise of Brain Circulation in the ASEAN Economic Community. Asian Development Bank, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/rpt178635-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kuiken, Todd, and Jennifer Kuzma. Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003410.

Full text
Abstract:
The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.3 Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.3 In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.4 Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.4 Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.5 These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.4 These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Braithwait, Samuel, Ricardo Rozemberg, and Jesica De Angelis. CARICOM Report: Progress and Challenges of The Integration Agenda. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002912.

Full text
Abstract:
The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) was established in 1973 as a customs union and nowadays consists of 15 member countries. CARICOM includes member and non-members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), an economic union with free movement of people and goods, a single currency, and a common central bank. This report is the third in a series of INTAL publications on regional integration on the CaribbeanREPORT Community and covers the period 2005 to 2020. After a brief background to the CARICOM integration project and a look at the economy and international trade, this report focuses on the main issues and developments relating to the deepening of integration within CARICOM and crucial relationships with external partners. The final section concludes with an assessment of the short-term adverse impacts of the pandemic and summarizes a set of recommendations to tackle the main issues.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bagley, Margo. Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003409.

Full text
Abstract:
The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.i Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.i In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.ii Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.ii Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.iii These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.i These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

The COVID Decade: understanding the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. The British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bac19stf/9780856726583.001.

Full text
Abstract:
The British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review on the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. This report outlines the evidence across a range of areas, building upon a series of expert reviews, engagement, synthesis and analysis across the research community in the Social Sciences, Humanities and the Arts (SHAPE). It is accompanied by a separate report, Shaping the COVID decade, which considers how policymakers might respond. History shows that pandemics and other crises can be catalysts to rebuild society in new ways, but that this requires vision and interconnectivity between policymakers at local, regional and national levels. With the advent of vaccines and the imminent ending of lockdowns, we might think that the impact of COVID-19 is coming to an end. This would be wrong. We are in a COVID decade: the social, economic and cultural effects of the pandemic will cast a long shadow into the future – perhaps longer than a decade – and the sooner we begin to understand, the better placed we will be to address them. There are of course many impacts which flowed from lockdowns, including not being able to see family and friends, travel or take part in leisure activities. These should ease quickly as lockdown comes to an end. But there are a set of deeper impacts on health and wellbeing, communities and cohesion, and skills, employment and the economy which will have profound effects upon the UK for many years to come. In sum, the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and differences and created new ones, as well as exposing critical societal needs and strengths. These can emerge differently across places, and along different time courses, for individuals, communities, regions, nations and the UK as a whole. We organised the evidence into three areas of societal effect. As we gathered evidence in these three areas, we continually assessed it according to five cross-cutting themes – governance, inequalities, cohesion, trust and sustainability – which the reader will find reflected across the chapters. Throughout the process of collating and assessing the evidence, the dimensions of place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term) played a significant role in assessing the nature of the societal impacts and how they might play out, altering their long-term effects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Hungary. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhu.2020.12.

Full text
Abstract:
In Hungary, NEET Youth are faced with many problems: social exclusion; lack of opportunities (e.g., education, health, infrastructure, public transport, labour market conditions); low so-cio-economic status; and, a lack of relationships outside the enclosed settlements. In Hungary, the most frequent risk factors are: a socio-economically disadvantageous envi-ronment; low levels of education and schooling problems; lack of proper housing; financial problems; learning difficulties; dissatisfaction with the school; socio-emotional disorders; delinquency; health problems; homelessness; and, drug or alcohol abuse. NEET Youth are fa-cing with this multi-dimensional difficulties, regional disparities and a lack of proper services.The general employment statistics have been improving in Hungary since 2010. The emplo-yment rate of the 15-39-year-old population has increased from 53.0% to 62.5% between 2009 - 2019. The employment rate improved in every type of settlement/area. The improve-ment can be attributed to the community work in the marginalised regions micro-regions and settlements. The NEET rate shows a considerable improvement of nearly 40% between 2009 and 2019 in the urban environment for all age groups. A slight improvement can be detected in the towns and urban environment, which amounts to 25% for all age groups between 2009 and 2019. However special services and targeted programmes are required to make a diffe-rence for NEET Youth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Shaping the COVID decade: addressing the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. The British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bac19stf/9780856726590.001.

Full text
Abstract:
In September 2020, the British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review to address the question: What are the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19? This short but substantial question led us to a rapid integration of evidence and an extensive consultation process. As history has shown us, the effects of a pandemic are as much social, cultural and economic as they are about medicine and health. Our aim has been to deliver an integrated view across these areas to start understanding the long-term impacts and how we address them. Our evidence review – in our companion report, The COVID decade – concluded that there are nine interconnected areas of long-term societal impact arising from the pandemic which could play out over the coming COVID decade, ranging from the rising importance of local communities, to exacerbated inequalities and a renewed awareness of education and skills in an uncertain economic climate. From those areas of impact we identified a range of policy issues for consideration by actors across society, about how to respond to these social, economic and cultural challenges beyond the immediate short-term crisis. The challenges are interconnected and require a systemic approach – one that also takes account of dimensions such as place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term). History indicates that times of upheaval – such as the pandemic – can be opportunities to reshape society, but that this requires vision and for key decisionmakers to work together. We find that in many places there is a need to start afresh, with a more systemic view, and where we should freely consider whether we might organise life differently in the future. In order to consider how to look to the future and shape the COVID decade, we suggest seven strategic goals for policymakers to pursue: build multi-level governance; improve knowledge, data and information linkage and sharing; prioritise digital infrastructure; reimagine urban spaces; create an agile education and training system; strengthen community-led social infrastructure; and promote a shared social purpose. These strategic goals are based on our evidence review and our analysis of the nine areas of long-term societal impact identified. We provide a range of illustrative policy opportunities for consideration in each of these areas in the report that follows.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

Full text
Abstract:
This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Regional economic community (REC)' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography