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Pevehouse, Jon C. "Democracy from Above? Regional Organizations and Democratization." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50250051.html.
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Schoppert, Stephanie. "African Regional Organizations and Democracy." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5701.
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Instability and political repression are two reasons why many states in Africa are unable to develop. African regional organizations have the potential to encourage democracy, stability and development within their regions if they have the right tools. Using case studies of two major interventions by African regional organizations this thesis will determine what those tools may be. Both the intervention of ECOWAS into Liberia and the SADC into the DRC were rife with problems but they were able to bring some stability and even democracy to states in crisis. This thesis finds that African regional organizations can promote democracy and stability, but the focus is always on stability for the region. With strong institutions and mandates, policy agreement and strong leadership, African regional organizations can bring stability, development and even democracy to their regions.M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; International Studies
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Gonçalves, Leandra Regina. "Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: is power listening to Science?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-21112016-164951/.
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One of the biggest challenges in contemporary global environmental governance is the future of marine biodiversity. Over the years, increased fishing efforts in previously remote areas drove many fish stocks to scarcity. The Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) emerged to solve the international fishery crisis, on the assumption that they would provide a forum where Member States may agree and discuss binding rules for the conservation and management of fish stocks within its geographical area of responsibility. Although some agreements existed for more than 60 years, many authors agree that they have not been fully effective in promoting the maintenance and conservation of fish stocks. There are many reasons that might explain the lack of effectiveness, one of them being that science is not very often listened to in the political decision-making process. In this research, the influence of knowledge and science in shaping policy decisions will be observed and analyzed. Therefore, the use of the epistemic communities theory, that which forms part of the constructivist turn in international relations -- was used to answer the main question posed here: when does power listen to science? When it does, does it bring more effectiveness in terms of knowledge, input from epistemic communities, does it induce states to change their behavior, and do these influences lead to policies, which can credibly improve biomass? Using process tracing, through elite interviews, and with a systematic compilation and study of meeting reports from three RFMOs: the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR); the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT); and the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), the final conclusion is that they may listen to science, but their strategy, allies, and the ways in which it occurs differ case-by-case.Um dos maiores desafios na governança ambiental global contemporânea é o futuro dos ecossistemas e da biodiversidade marinha. Ao longo dos anos, o aumento do esforço de pesca nas áreas anteriormente remotas levou muitas populações de peixes à escassez. As Organizações Regionais para o Ordenamento Pesqueiro (OROPs) surgiram para resolver a crise internacional de pesca, através um fórum onde os Estados-Membros podem acordar e discutir regras vinculativas para a conservação e gestão dos recursos pesqueiros no âmbito da sua área geográfica de responsabilidade. Embora alguns acordos existam há mais de 60 anos, muitos pesquisadores concordam que os mesmos não têm sido totalmente eficazes para promover a manutenção e conservação dos recursos pesqueiros. Muitas razões podem explicar a falta de eficiência no manejo, uma delas é que, o aconselhamento cientifico não é muitas vezes considerado nas decisões políticas. Nesta pesquisa, a influência do conhecimento e da ciência na tomada de decisões políticas serão avaliadas. Para isso, a teoria das comunidades epistêmicas, que faz parte da veia construtivista em Relações Internacionais, foi usada para responder à principal questão colocada aqui: quando é que o poder ouviu a ciência? E isso trouxe mais eficiência em termos do conhecimento proveniente das comunidades epistêmicas induzir os Estados a mudarem seu comportamento e a influência levar a políticas que aumentem a biomassa dos estoques pesqueiros? Com o uso de process tracing, por meio de entrevistas com atores e uma compilação sistemática dos relatórios das reuniões anuais, as OROPS: CCAMLR, ICCAT e CCSBT foram estudadas, e a conclusão final é que, os tomadores de decisão podem ouvir a ciência, porém, a estratégia, os aliados e a forma como a influência se desenvolve varia caso a caso.
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Meyerrose, Anna M. "The Unintended Consequences of Democracy Promotion: International Organizations and Democratic Backsliding." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1560253154941304.
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Spandler, Kilian [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Diez. "Regional Organizations in International Society : Decolonization, Regionalization and Enlargement in Europe and Southeast Asia / Kilian Spandler ; Betreuer: Thomas Diez." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1164169351/34.
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Belmakki, Mohamed. "African sub-regional organizations in peacekeeping and peacemaking : the Economic Community Of West African State (ECOWAS) /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FBelmakki.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri, Letitia Lawson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75). Also available online.
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Creuz, Luís Rodolfo Cruz e. "A geografia da defesa da concorrência no Mercosul. A importância da definição do mercado relevante na análise antitruste em um bloco econômico regional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-31082012-122111/.
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O marco inicial da proposta de estudo é o Protocolo de Defesa da Concorrência no Mercosul Protocolo de Fortaleza, de 17/12/1996, que apesar de ter sido ratificado por alguns Estados-Parte do Mercosul, e no Brasil tendo sido ratificado por meio do Decreto nº 3.602, de 18/9/2000, pouquíssimo avanço foi identificado em muitos anos de vigência, seja por divergências políticas, seja por dificuldades de implantação, e ainda, por questões de conjuntura, em função de crises econômicas mundiais. A busca por formas de equilíbrio nas relações econômicas ao redor do globo, e seus impactos regionais na América Latina, é constante nos fóruns e organizações internacionais, inclusive envolvendo a repressão ao abuso do poder econômico e a defesa da concorrência, considerando esta um elemento importante para o desenvolvimento dos países da região. O estudo verificou a importância para análises que envolvem temas concorrenciais, por ser efetivamente a sua base e o ponto de partida, a questão da delimitação do mercado relevante. A pesquisa tratou de verificar a centralidade do tema na análise antitruste e a relevância do debate do direito da concorrência para a integração regional, focando especificamente o Mercosul e sua forma de regulação. A integração regional é um processo importante em face das desigualdades mundiais, e pode contribuir para uma melhor eficiência de negociações multilaterais em escala mundial, tornando, assim, útil e necessário o controle internacional do comércio, de forma a buscar o equilíbrio nas relações econômicas com o auxílio da defesa da concorrência. A relevância do tema é destacada pela transposição de fronteiras pelas atividades empresariais, levando também ao transbordamento dos limites de atuação dos órgãos nacionais competentes. Isto coloca a análise antitruste em interessante perspectiva, pois no âmbito nacional, a legislação e a atuação dos agentes está restrita às fronteiras dos países, mas na esfera de atuação do bloco econômico regional, a aplicação desta base normativa em função da extraterritorialidade pode e é muitas vezes questionada, no caso de ausência de regulação específica e/ou norma que autorize a cooperação internacional, advinda de uma instituição supranacional, não obstante a hipótese de reconhecimento e aplicação das normas editadas pelo Mercosul como sendo de Direito Comunitário. Assim, pretende-se demonstrar a importância do tema da regulação em matéria antitruste, focando a questão da definição do mercado relevante, especialmente em um bloco econômico regional como o Mercosul.The initial mark of the proposed study here is Protocolo de Defesa da Concorrência no Mercosul Protocolo de Fortaleza (\"Competitor\'s Defense Protocol in Mercosul-Protocol of Fortaleza), as of Dec 17th, 1996, that despite being ratified by some States in Mercosul, and being validated in Brazil through Decret number 3.602 as of Sep 18th, 2000, very small advance has been identified in many years, for political reasons or difficulties in implementation, or also, for combination of factors of global economic crisis reasons. The search for a balance in economic relations around the Globe, and its regional impacts in Latin America, is common in foruns and international organizations, inclusively with repression to economic power abuse and the defense of the competition, considering this, an important element for the development of the region. In our study, we verify the importance for analysis involving competitors, because it is a starting point, the question of the relevant market limits. The search has verified how central this theme is in the anti-trust analysis and relevance of the debate about rights in competition for regional integration, focusing on Mercosul and its form of regulation. The regional integration is an important process in face of the global economic differences, and may contribute to a better efficiency of multilateral negotiation in global scale, becoming useful and necessary the international business control, in order to balance economic relations with competitors support. The relevance of the theme is revealed through frontiers transposition and business activities, leading to trespassing limits of international regulators. This statement puts the antitrust analysis in perspective, since national wide, the legislation and the agents reaction is restricted to the frontiers of the country, but on the sphere of the regional economic group, this legislation outside the territory may be and it is indeed usually, questioned, in case of the lack of specific regulation or norm, authorizing international cooperation from supra national institution, not disconsidering the hypothesis of recognition and application of norms edited by Mercosul as Common Law. This way, we intend to demonstrate the importance of the regulation theme in the anti trust scenario, focusing the question of a relevant market definition, specially in a regional economic group such as Mercosul.
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Lima, Mario Afonso Maniére y. Corrêa de Moraes. "Um ator europeu: um estudo de caso da atuação da União Europeia no FMI e na OMC." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9402.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA presente dissertação busca demonstrar o comportamento da União Europeia como um ator unitário nas Organizações Internacionais. Com o aprofundamento da integração europeia e seus desdobramentos institucionais, é possível perceber o surgimento de um novo ator no cenário internacional, que engloba 27 Estados e vem ganhando força impactando nas negociações internacionais. Através de dois estudos de caso, a pesquisa demonstra a actorness da União Europeia e o seu comportamento em duas Organizações Internacionais, o Fundo Monetário Internacional e a Organização Mundial do Comércio.
The present dissertation seeks to analyse the European Union behaviour as a unitary actor in the International Organizations. As the European integration deepens, along with its institutional unfolding, it`s possible to perceive that a new actor has come to light in the international scenario, enclosing 27 countries and that has been strengthen up to the point to impact in international negotiations. Through two case studies, this research presents the European Union actorness and its behaviour in two International Organizations, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization.
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Santos, Rafael Naves de Oliveira. "INTEGRAÇÃO REGIONAL E A QUESTÃO SOCIAL: PROGRAMA MERCOSUL SOCIAL E PARTICIPATIVO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2770.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-29Mercosur, as regional integration process based on commercial arrangements and mercantile interests, search, against time, establish the purpose for which it was created - much more ambitious than a simple commercial arrangement - namely those reserved to the model common market which presupposes the customs union and trade policies marking with other countries, the free flow of manpower, among other features. However, this ripening depends especially social participation, so there is greater acceptance that national integration is proposed. In this sense, the participation of civil society, through organizations that make up the third sector is necessary to impose that the social question is best debated and discussed in the meetings and forums of MERCOSUR. Thus we find in the program MERCOSUR Social and Participatory gradual increase of attention given by the Brazilian government to greater social participation in the process of regional integration in MERCOSUR. Therefore, we analyze the program from the approach of social issues and regional integration, conceptualize and characterize civil society and the MERCOSUR, in order to contextualize the third sector in the process of regional integration through analysis and reflection on the program MERCOSUR Social and participatory.
O MERCOSUL, como processo de integração regional baseado em arranjos comerciais e interesses mercantis, busca, contra o tempo, estabelecer os propósitos para os quais foi criado muito mais ambiciosos que um simples arranjo comercial - , quais sejam aqueles reservados ao modelo mercado comum, que pressupõe, além da união aduaneira e balizamento de políticas comerciais com os demais países, o livre fluxo de mão-deobra, dentre outras características. Porém, o referido amadurecimento depende especialmente da participação social, para que haja maior aceitação nacional à integração que se propõe. Nesse sentido, a participação da sociedade civil, por meio das organizações que compõe o terceiro setor se impõe necessária para que a questão social seja mais bem debatida e discutida no âmbito das reuniões e fóruns do MERCOSUL. Assim, encontrou-se no programa MERCOSUL Social e Participativo o aumento gradativo da atenção dada pelo governo brasileiro à maior participação social no processo de integração regional do MERCOSUL. Portanto, faz-se um estudo do programa a partir da abordagem da questão social e da integração regional, conceituouse e caracterizou-se a sociedade civil e o MERCOSUL, para contextualizar o terceiro setor no processo de integração regional por meio da análise e reflexão sobre o programa MERCOSUL Social e Participativo.
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Gambardella, Sophie. "La gestion et la conservation des ressources halieutiques en droit international : l'exemple de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1043.
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La gestion et la conservation des ressources halieutiques de la Méditerranée relève à titre principal de la responsabilité de deux organismes régionaux de pêche : la Commission générale des pêches pour la Méditerranée et la Commission internationale pour la conservation des thonidés de l’Atlantique. Le régime juridique se construit donc dans deux enceintes distinctes et se nourrit par ailleurs de l’influence d’autres régimes conventionnels. Ce dédoublement institutionnel aurait pu être alors créateur de conflits de normes de gestion et de conservation ou encore d’interprétation. Pourtant, la fragmentation institutionnelle observée ne constitue pas un obstacle à une unité au cœur du système. Le degré d’interaction entre les deux commissions fait surgir une unité des méthodes et des moyens de mise en œuvre de la gestion et de la conservation des ressources halieutiques de la Méditerranée de sorte que le régime juridique apparaît comme un ensemble, un tout indivisible. L’existence d’une telle unité n’est toutefois pas significative de l’effectivité et de l’efficacité du systèmeFisheries management and conservation in the Mediterranean relies primarily upon the responsibility of two regional fisheries management organizations: the General fisheries commission for the Mediterranean and the International commission for the conservation of Atlantic tunas. The legal regime is thus built in two distinct arenas and is also nourished by the influence of other conventional regimes. This institutional duplication could thus have resulted in conflicts of norms of management, conservation or even of interpretation. And yet, the observed institutional fragmentation does not appear as an obstacle to unity at the heart of the system. A unity of methods and means of implementation of fisheries management and conservation in the Mediterranean derives from the degree of interaction between the two commissions. The regime thus appears as a set, an indivisible whole. Nevertheless, the existence of such unity is not tantamount to effectiveness and efficiency of the system
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Abass, Ademola. "Regional organisations and the development of collective security : beyond Chapter VIII of the UN Charter /." Oxford : Hart Pub, 2004. http://www.myilibrary.com/.
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Antiquera, Daniel de Campos. "A Amazonia e a politica externa brasileira : analise do Tratado de Cooperação Amazonica (TCA) e sua transformação em organização internacional (1978-2002)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279416.
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Orientador: Shiguenoli MiyamotoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa o Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica, assinado por Brasil, Bolívia, Colômbia, Equador, Guiana, Peru, Suriname e Venezuela em 1978, e suas transformações até se converter numa organização internacional (2002). O estudo busca relacionar essas mudanças no TCA com os diferentes momentos da política externa brasileira, visando em primeiro lugar a avaliar a importância da Amazônia para a política exterior do Brasil, e também a compreender o peso que a posição brasileira representa na evolução do Tratado. A partir do fim da década de 1980 há uma renovação no impulso dado ao TCA, que culmina com o protocolo de emenda, assinado em 1998, e a instalação de uma secretaria permanente, em Brasília, em 2002. Tal processo tem poucos estudos, embora indique uma renovação de expectativas sobre o Tratado. O trabalho foi feito por meio da análise de bibliografia sobre o TCA e a política externa, bem como sobre documentação oficial de ambas: discursos, atas de reuniões, declarações, estrutura jurídica. As informações foram complementadas com entrevistas realizadas com atores relevantes para o andamento do Tratado. A contribuição que este trabalho possa vir a dar é acrescentar outra perspectiva às leituras tradicionalmente liberais (no sentido de centrarem-se na cooperação e nos interesses comuns) que em geral são feitas sobre o objeto. Ao mesmo tempo, pretende-se chamar a atenção para a Amazônia e o norte da América do Sul como um espaço específico e importante das relações internacionais do Brasil
Abstract: This work analyzes The Amazon Cooperation Treaty, signed down by Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Equador, Guiana, Peru, Suriname e Venezuela in 1978, and its transformations until converting into international organization (2002). The study intends to establish a relation between those changes on ACT and different moments in brazilian foreign policy, looking for value amazonian role in this policy as well as for the brazilian role on the evolution of the Treaty. Since the end of the 80¿s, new strengths focused on ACT lead up to a renew¿s protocol, signed in 1998, and a permanent secretariat at Brasília, in 2002. There are few studies about these processes even than it indicates new expectations about the Treaty. The work was made analyzing the bibliography of ACT and of the foreign policy, as well as the official documentation of both of them. Also interviews have been made with important people involved in the Treaty. The eventual contribution of these research is offering a new perspective of the usually liberals (that focus on cooperation and common interests) points of view of the study¿s object. At the same time, there is the intention of getting attention for Amazon and for the north of South America as important areas of brazilian¿s international relations
Mestrado
Política Externa
Mestre em Relações Internacionais
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Pitkina, Anastasiya. "Vliv mezinárodních organizací na pozici rozvojových zemí v globální ekonomice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75369.
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The aim of this thesis is to find out how developing countries are involved into the global economy, what are the differences in engagement of different regions, and how international organizations (in particular IMF, WB, WTO and UNCTAD) influence the position of developing countries. The thesis also aims to evaluate conditions and possible developmental strategies, as well as causes of unsuccessful engagement. Further, the critical view on functioning of international organizations is brought. The thesis is divided into two parts; each of them consists of four chapters. The first part as a whole deals with the differentiation among developing countries and ways they are involved into the world economy. The second part shows the role of international institutions in the process of integration of developing countries.
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Haftel, Ze'ev Yoram. "Violent conflict and regional institutionalization a virtuous circle? /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1100545075.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 307 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-307).
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Nasser, Hatem A. "The Gulf Cooperation Council: trends, concepts and dynamics of international regional organization." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1990. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3758.
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The Gulf Cooperation Council, which was established on May 25, 1981, is examined in this study. This regional organization is composed of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Using a regionalism theory as an analytical framework, the study analyzes this regional grouping in relation to its integrative schemes in terms of politics, economy, culture, defense and security. Both primary and secondary sources were utilized in this study. This dissertation is based on the premise that the formation of the GCC is in response to the historic, geographic, political, economic, strategic and cultural realities of the Gulf region. It is also based on the assumption that the establishment of the GCC is by and large in harmony with the political and ideological objectives of the member states. The study shows that the six states have very much in common in terms of history, language, religion, social and political systems. It also attempts to illustrate how the dramatic events in the Gulf region played a key role in the establishment of the GCC. It shows that these events, including the Soviet presence in Afghanistan, the Iranian revolution, and the Iran-Iraq war were the catalysts that hastened cooperation among the six states which in turn led to the formation of this regional grouping. The findings show that the GCC is a natural development in the evolution of cooperation among the similar social systems of the Gulf region. The GCC will help its small member states achieve certain goals collectively that could not be achieved individually. Moreover, in the face of external threats and internal disruption, these states must unite their efforts to survive. The analysis also shows that on a nationalist level the GCC is a viable vehicle for the promotion of Arab unity in the context of the Gulf. In addition, due to the member states’ small domestic market, the GCC offers a useful forum for economic cooperation. On the other hand, the study shows that the GCC states cannot defend themselves against a major offensive by a regional power. Finally, this study strongly recommends that to achieve a balance of power in the Gulf region, the possibility of adding new members to the GCC, such as Iraq and North Yemen must take a high priority.
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Solano, Brian J. "A new United Nations for a new era security, development, and the 'regional solution' (the case of Latin America)." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FSolano.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Berger, Marcos (Mark T.) Second Reader: Greenshields, Brian. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: United Nations, Security, Development, Nation-State, Regionalism, Regional Organizations, International Relations Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82). Also available in print.
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Galgau, Olivia. "Essays in international economics and industrial organization." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210773.
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The aim of the thesis is to further explore the relationship between economic integration and firm mobility and investment, both from an empirical and a theoretical perspective, with the objective of drawing conclusions on how government policy can be used to strengthen the positive impact of integration on investment, which is crucial in moving and maintaining countries at the forefront of the technology frontier and accelerating economic growth in a world of rapid technical change and high mobility of ideas, goods, services, capital and labor.The first chapter aims to bring together the literature on economic integration, firm mobility and investment. It contains two sections: one dedicated to the literature on FDI and the second covering the literature on firm entry and exit, economic performance and economic and business regulation.
In the second chapter I examine the relationship between the Single Market and FDI both in an intra-EU context and from outside the EU. The empirical results show that the impact of the Single Market on FDI differs substantially from one country to another. This finding may be due to the functioning of institutions.
The third chapter studies the relationship between the level of external trade protection put into place by a Regional Integration Agreement(RIA)and the option of a firm from outside the RIA block to serve the RIA market through FDI rather than exports. I find that the level of external trade protection put in place by the RIA depends on the RIA country's capacity to benefit from FDI spillovers, the magnitude of set-up costs of building a plant in the RIA and on the amount of external trade protection erected by the country from outside the reigonal block with respect to the RIA.
The fourth chapter studies how the firm entry and exit process is affected by product market reforms and regulations and impact macroeconomic performance. The results show that an increase in deregulation will lead to a rise in firm entry and exit. This in turn will especially affect macroeconomic performance as measured by output growth and labor productivity growth. The analysis done at the sector level shows that results can differ substantially across industries, which implies that deregulation policies should be conducted at the sector level, rather than at the global macroeconomic level.
Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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DiBella, Anthony J. 1948. "Culture and planned change in an international organization : building a regional structure in South America and Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13094.
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Moussa, Abdulaziz al. "The Gulf cooperation council : an experiment in regional organization : a legal and political analysis /." Genève : A. Al-Moussa, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35016893r.
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Kaiser, Daniel R. "The regional response to the crisis in Colombia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FKaiser.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Jeanne Giraldo, Harold Trinkunas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83). Also available online.
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Boillat, Emilie. "International Mediation The Role of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05600531001/$FILE/05600531001.pdf.
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Nara, Takako. "The roles of regional organisations in international peace and security in the post-modern era : the case of the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe with the former Soviet Union Republic States." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5660.
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The thesis analyses the systems, dynamics and conditions of international cooperation/non-cooperation in the international community that is embodied through international/regional institutions and organisations. As Robert Cooper describes, the international community consists of the three worlds in which the differences between them may be confrontational in international cooperation. While the post-modern civilisation and values are introduced into the institutions and organisations for international peace and security, the state actors from the pre-modern and modern civilisations and values are vigorously defending the traditional version of state sovereignty. Then, all these are equally the member of the international community and, as Robert Axelrod's Prisoner Dilemma game sets, neither state actors nor structural actors of international relations can escape from it. Therefore, it is hoped that, as Axelrod's theory suggests, the closed community, in the end, produces cooperation and a positive peace for a better future for all. In the case studies, the OSCE faces a number of non-cooperative state actors, like Russia. An anti-OSCE civilisation exists and is resisting the organisational values, while it is staying in the framework. Thus, the organisation is suffering from defectors and free-riders. Knowing the limitation of the organisation, it still has a space for improvement and a useful function which is to provide a long term process to make a non-cooperate actor cooperative.
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Yandas, Gokhan Osman. "Emerging Regional Security Complex In Central Asia: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (sco) And Challenges Of The Post 9/11 World." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606201/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the changing characteristics of the regional security complex in Central Asia. The thesis focuses on the changes in the roles that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) plays in promoting regional security in Central Asia, especially since the formation of the international coalition against international terrorism in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. Contrary to the mainstream literature that focuses mainly on the security concerns of either regional powers or of great powers that considered this region as their own sphere of influence, this thesis argues that Central Asia&rsquos security issues that emerged in the aftermath of 9/11 could be explained better by taking the emerging regional security complex in Central Asia as the main unit of analysis. The thesis consists of seven chapters: In Chapter 1, thesis is introduced. Chapter 2 develops a conceptual framework for the thesis by examining the nature of regional security complex theory. This is followed by the examination of the characteristics of regional security complex in Central Asia in Chapter 3. Next, Chapter 4 discusses the foreign policies of the United States, Russia and China towards Central Asia. Chapters 5 and 6 examine the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, its role in the struggle against international terrorism and their reflections on the changes of the characteristics of Central Asian regional security complex. Last chapter concludes the thesis.
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Ngubu, Michael Fubu. "The International Conference on the GreatLakes Region : Analysis of the organization's efforts to transform the conflict in the Great Lakes Region." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44208.
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Since the 1990s the Great Lakes Region has continued to be mired in intractable conflict, with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) being at the center of it. The aim of this study is therefore an attempt to understand how the InternationalConference of the Great Lakes Region has fared in the transformation of conflict in the region, through its attempts in the DRC. For the purpose of the study, conflict transformation as presented by John Paul Lederachwas used as a theory of analyzing the selected peace efforts by the ICGLR. Furthermore, the data used in the study were secondary data which consists of archival records and documentation. The study revealed two key issues in the ICGLR’s approach to peace attempts in DRC; it showed that there are gaps in the conflict transformation approach of the earlier attempts by the ICGL, which favored more political solutions. Secondly, a rethink of the approach revealed a much more robust approach, which seeks to address not only the political conflicts but also seeks to address the historical and structural conflicts in the region. However, with the positive change in the approach, there are still high levels of conflict in the DRC.
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Ribeiro, Clarissa Correa Neto. "Overlapping regionalism e proliferação de instituições na América Latina : complementariedade e fragmentação nas agendas regionais /." São Paulo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136383.
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Orientadora: Karina Lilia Pasquariello MarianoBanca: José Briceño Ruiz
Banca: Regiane Nitsch Bressan
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa a multiplicação dos processos de integração regional na América do Sul a partir de sua institucionalidade. O objetivo é verificar se o desenvolvimento desses processos ocorre de forma concorrente ou de maneira complementar, avaliando o quanto há de sobreposição de atividades, agendas e interesses. Selecionamos como objeto as agendas de MERCOSUL, UNASUL e CELAC e a hipótese deste trabalho é que a fragmentação pode ser verificada na multiplicação de iniciativas, refletindo a pluralidade de estratégias adotadas pelos governos em sua política externa para tratar a integração, e denotando a ausência de uma concepção majoritária de "integração regional" na América Latina que permita a formação de uma base de convergência das múltiplas iniciativas de modo articulado. Para a verificação da mesma, realizou-se um mapeamento dos processos regionais e análise documental, combinados com entrevistas a atores institucionais dos mecanismos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os cenários de governança e fragmentação coexistem no espaço regional, demandando novos estudos e esforços para a construção de um espaço integrado.
Abstract: This research analyzes the proliferation of regional integration processes in South America from its institutionality. The goal is to verify if the development of these processes occur concurrently or in a complementary manner by evaluating how activities, agendas and interests overlap. MERCOSUR, UNASUR and CELAC agendas' were selected as the object of this work and the hypothesis is that fragmentation can be seen in the multiplication of initiatives and reflects the diversity of strategies adopted by the governments in their foreign policy to treat integration, denoting the absence of a majority conception of "regional integration" in Latin America that may allow the formation of a base of convergence of multiple initiatives. To verify it, we did a mapping of regional processes and document analysis, combined with interviews with institutional actors of the mechanisms. The results show that governance and fragmentation scenarios coexist in the region, demanding new studies and efforts to build an integrated space.
Mestre
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Grimett, Leticia Anthea. "Protectionism and compliance with the GATT article XXIV in selected regional trade arrangements." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003188.
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The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 has resulted in the GATT Contracting States making a renewed commitment to freer global trade and trade liberalisation. These Contracting States signalled their commitment to GATT policies and principles by undertaking to abolish all those non-tariff barriers which were not converted to tariffs and to decrease all tariffs applied by their domestic economies. The movement away from protectionism is intended to bring contracting states in line with the GATT most-favoured-nation and national treatment principles. The only exceptions to these principles are the regional trade arrangements which can be implemented in accordance with Article XXIV of GATT 1947 and the Understanding on the Implementation of Article XXIV of GATT 1947. Regional trade arrangements such as customs unions and free-trade areas have been allowed by the GATT as they are deemed to promote trade liberalisation through the removal of substantially all trade restrictions between countries party to these trade arrangements. In practice this has not been the case, however, as these regional trade arrangements have been known to apply very protectionist trade policies. This research determines whether regional trade arrangements are inherently protective ie does the nature of these regional trade arrangements encourage protectionism? The external trade policies of the European Union (EU), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) are analysed to determine whether the contracting parties to regional trade arrangements have corrupted the GATT provisions and so contributed towards the protectionist nature of these regional trade arrangements. The internal trade provisions relating to the implementation of these regional trade arrangements have also been discussed to determine their compliance with Article XXIV of GATT 1947. As all the selected regional trade arrangements have direct or indirect links to South Africa, the implications of the policies chosen by these parties for South Africa have also been discussed. Analysis of the EU, SADC, SACU and ASEAN has shown that prior to the adoption of the GATT 1994, the free-trade areas and customs unions were not implemented in accordance with Article XXIV provisions. These regional trade arrangements have been moulded to fit the economic aspirations of the relevant contracting states. Of the regional trade arrangements accepted by the GATT, free-trade areas have been found to be the least protectionist and are the least likely to be perverted by contracting parties. Customs unions, on the other hand, may encourage contracting parties to protect their economies as they rely on group participation rather than individual participation. Individual Member States become responsible to the group which provides these states with greater economic power. As a result Member States are motivated to protect the new group entity from outside competition. In this way, they are inherently protective. Safeguards are therefore necessary to protect individual non-Member States from such behaviour. The implications of protectionism for South Africa, SADC and SACU have also been discussed.
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Sedano, Fernando Daniel. "Trade adjustments to exchange rates in regional economic integration Argentina and Brazil /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/SEDANO_FERNANDO_37.pdf.
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Ashizawa, Kuniko P. "Building the Asia-Pacific : Japanese and U.S. foreign policy toward the creation of regional institutions, 1988-1994 /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/123961345.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 417-443). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Soukar, Louai. "Natural resources endowment, international trade and convergence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0160/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet de la répartition inégale des ressources naturelles entre les pays sur trois aspects principaux. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons empiriquement les effets asymétriques potentiels de l'adhésion à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) entre les membres, en nous concentrant spécifiquement sur les pays en développement. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adhésion à l'OMC a contribué à l'augmentation des exportations de tous les pays, à l'exception des pays non-émergents riches en ressources. En revanche, les pays émergents riches en ressources sont les plus grands bénéficiaires de l'accession à l'OMC. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous explorons empiriquement l'impact de la dotation en ressources naturelles sur les gains de six Accords Commerciaux Régionaux (ACR) entre les membres à travers trois axes : la complémentarité entre les pays, la diversification des pays riches en ressources ainsi que la création et le détournement des échanges. Nous concluons que la complémentarité entre les pays riches et les pays pauvres en ressources a été atteinte dans les accords de l’ECOWAS, du SADC et du CIS. Les résultats indiquent également que, dans tous les ACR, les pays riches en ressources ont accru leurs exportations hors secteurs des ressources naturelles et diversifié ainsi leurs structures d'exportation, en particulier avec les partenaires régionaux. En outre, dans la plupart des ACR, les pays pauvres ont accru leurs exportations vers leurs partenaires riches en ressources, tandis que ces derniers souffrent du détournement des échanges en termes d'importations. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions l'impact de la dotation en ressources naturelles sur le processus de convergence entre les pays du PAFTA. Premièrement, les résultats démontrent que la sigma-convergence n'était observable qu'entre 1970 et 1990 dans les pays du PAFTA. De plus, l’estimation révèle que les ressources naturelles sont l'un des principaux déterminants de la convergence conditionnelle au sein du PAFTA. Par conséquent, l'asymétrie entre les pays en termes de dotation en ressources naturelles n'a pas empêché la convergence dans le PAFTA. L'analyse de la convergence des clubs a identifié trois principaux clubs parmi les pays du PAFTA. En outre, les facteurs qui ont déterminé la formation des clubs sont les ressources naturelles, la qualité des institutions et l'investissement. Par ailleurs, une abondance de ressources naturelles n'est pas suffisante pour être le meilleur club, mais doit être accompagnée d'institutions de qualitéIn this thesis, we examine the effect of the unequal distribution of natural resources between countries on three main aspects. In chapter one, we empirically examine potential asymmetric effects of the accession of the World Trade Organization (WTO) across members, focusing specifically on the developing countries. The results suggest that membership in the WTO contributed to greater exports for all countries, except for non-emerging resource-rich countries. In contrast, emerging resource-rich countries are the greatest beneficiaries from the accession of the WTO. In chapter two, we empirically explore the impact of natural resource endowments on the gains of six Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) across members through three axes: complementarity between countries, diversification of resource-rich countries, and trade creation and diversion. We conclude that the complementarity between resource-rich and resource-poor countries has been achieved in the ECOWAS, SADC and CIS agreements. The results also indicate that in all RTAs, the resource-rich countries increased exports in non-natural resource sectors and thereby diversified their export structures, especially with regional partners. Moreover, in most RTAs, poor countries boosted their exports to resources-rich partners, while resource-rich countries suffer from trade diversion in terms of imports. In the last chapter, we study the impact of natural resource endowments on the process of convergence among PAFTA countries. First, the results demonstrate that sigma-convergence was only observable between 1970-1990 among PAFTA countries. The estimation reveals that natural resources are one of the main determinants of conditional convergence within PAFTA. Therefore, the asymmetry between countries in terms of natural resource endowment did not impede the convergence in PAFTA. Club convergence analysis identify three main clubs among PAFTA countries. In addition, the factors that determined clubs’ formation are natural resources, quality of institutions, and investment. Further, an abundance of natural resources is alone not enough to be the best club, but must be accompanied by high-quality institutions
30
Becker, Sam. "Leveraging Trade Agreements to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Accordance with the Paris Agreement." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2154.
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Climate change is the most obvious and pressing impairment of the biological, physical, and chemical systems. To help mitigate this unprecedented problem, I present heads of state, policymakers, and members of civil society with a set of new provisions that they can include in their trade agreements to drive emissions reduction from countries inside and outside of their trade agreements, maintain their ability to compete in an increasingly globalized world, and comply with international trading rules. Ultimately, I seek to demonstrate the untapped potential for leveraging trade agreements to reduce emissions in the midst of an international system that lacks concerted climate action. In light of humanity’s inadequate efforts to address the immense threats posed by a changing climate, decentralized efforts, such as these, are increasingly essential to reduce emissions.
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Dupouey, Jacques. "La dimension juridique de l’intégration régionale des pays d’Asie du Sud-Est : intégration et ordre juridique international : le cas de l’ASEAN." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100075.
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Les pays d'Asie du Sud-Est ont, très tôt dans leur période post-coloniale, envisagé de se regrouper pour former une organisation régionale : l’Association des nations d’Asie du Sud-Est, dénommée l’ANASE ou, plus communément appelée par son sigle anglais, ASEAN. En nous appuyant sur l’exemple de l’ASEAN, nous aborderons le concept d’intégration régionale économique sous son angle juridique, en cherchant notamment à le distinguer des vocables contigus de régionalisme, régionalisation ou encore de coopération économique. Quelles sont les caractéristiques d'une intégration régionale? Ses manifestations? En dépit de l'hétérogénéité des organisations régionales ayant pour objectif de construire une intégration économique dans une région donnée, quels sont les points communs qu’un juriste peut observer? Comment décrypter l’ASEAN grâce au processus d’intégration économique qu’elle conduit et à la stratégie qu’elle a choisie? Quelles sont ses particularités? Quels défis doit-elle relever pour atteindre ses objectifs d’intégration à travers les trois dimensions communautaires : économique, politico-sécuritaire et socio-culturelle? De quels soutiens externes l’ASEAN peut-elle bénéficier pour renforcer son processus d’intégration régionale ? Le rapprochement entre pays d’Asie du Sud-Est s’appuie sur l’intergouvernementalité et la sauvegarde absolue de la souveraineté de ses Etats membres qui conduisent à privilégier le recours au droit souple plutôt qu’au droit dur dans leur production normative. L’approche adoptée prendra soin de se différencier de celles de l'économiste, du politiste ou du spécialiste des relations internationales et ouvrira sur des points de vue extra-européens. Les spécificités de l’ASEAN et sa dimension interne seront abordées dans un premier temps, tandis que la seconde partie couvrira la dynamique externe de l’intégration économique de l’ASEAN à partir d’un choix sélectif de partenariats (UE, accords de libre-échange, Banque asiatique du développement, APEC)The countries located in Southeast Asia have, very soon, during the postcolonial period, foreseen to regroup to forming a regional organization named “ASEAN” (Association of nations of Southeast Asia). We would like to address the concept of economic regional integration from a legal perspective based on the example of ASEAN. This will in particular lead us to distinguish such a concept with other terms similar or very closed, such as regionalism, regionalization and economic cooperation. What are the features of regional integration? What are its manifestations? Despite all the diversity of regional organizations the purpose of which is to build an economic integration within a specific region, what are the common features that a lawyer can observe? How to reveal the ASEAN regional organization through the economic integration process it has launched and strategies chosen by it? What are its peculiarities? What are the challenges it has to face to achieve its integration goals through the following three dimensions: the ASEAN Economic Community, the ASEAN Political &Security Community, and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community? What external support can ASEAN receive to strengthen its regional integration process? Southeast Asian countries look for a closer proximity between themselves on the basis of intergovernmentality and with the deep concern of recognition and protection of their sovereignty that lead to favor Soft law more than hard law in decision-making production. Our approach will be well differentiated from those adopted so far by the economists and political scientists or experts in international relations and will not be reductive to a Eurocentric viewpoint. The main features and the internal dimension of the ASEAN will be addressed in a first part, while the second part will be devoted to the external dynamic of the economic integration of the ASEAN based on a selective choice of partnerships (EU, free trade agreements, Asian Development Bank, APEC)
32
Staten, Clifford Lee. "A Multivariate Analysis of Regional Political Integration the Case of the Caribbean Free Trade Area and the Caribbean Community and Common Market, 1965-1983." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330853/.
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The purpose of this study is three-fold. The first is to provide the reader with a review of the literature concerning the topic of regional political integration. The second purpose is to provide an operational definition of regional political integration which can be useful in the testing of hypotheses. Regional political integration is defined in terms of the regional decision-making process. Various levels of regional political integration are defined, operationalized, and identified. The levels from lowest to highest are as follows: regional promotion, regional information exchange, regional policy coordination, regional monitor, and regional authoritative decision-making. The third purpose of the study is to analyze the factors which are hypothesized to be correlated with and responsible for the changing levels of regional political integration.
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Karakaya, Dilek. "Turkey And The Black Sea Economic Cooperation (bsec):1992-2008." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611163/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the Organization of Black Sea Economic Cooperation and Turkey's role in this international organization. This thesis argues that contrary to scholars who view institutional weaknesses of BSEC as the main reason of its failure in achieving sufficient level of cooperation among its members, political problems emanating from member states constitute the main reason of BSEC'
s ineffectiveness as an international organization. There are six chapters of this thesis. Following the introductory first chapter, the second chapter of this thesis examines the factors behind establishment of BSEC and its formation process. In the following three chapters BSEC'
s institutional structure, its issue areas and problems are discussed in detail. The last chapter is conclusion.
34
Neacsa, Vasile I. "The black sea economic cooperation as an element of regional stability and security." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211093.
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Durand-Mercereau, Marine. "La dignité de la personne humaine en droit de l’Union européenne. De la genèse aux fonctions du concept." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100083.
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Si le concept de dignité de la personne humaine occupe une position privilégiée au frontispice de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union Européenne, il est longtemps resté absent de l’ordre juridique communautaire. Les premières Communautés, organisations d’intégration économique ne se réfèrent pas au concept malgré leur vocation humaine, portée par les objectifs de paix et de progrès social. C’est sous l’impulsion du juge et du législateur de l’Union, que le concept est reconnu puis consacré, d’abord par le droit dérivé puis par le droit primaire. L’analyse des sources du concept et de son processus d’intégration permet de déterminer avec rigueur et justesse les fonctionnalités de la dignité de la personne au sein de l’Union. Le droit est en effet dynamique et les institutions de l’Union recourent au concept de dignité selon une finalité orientée. Polyfonctionnelle, la dignité de la personne humaine joue, à l’image de ses sources, un rôle fondateur déterminant sur le continent européen. Objectivement, elle constitue le fondement du paradigme européen et détermine la substance et les frontières de son ordre juridique. Subjectivement, le concept revêt une fonction protectrice de la personne humaine et de ses droits fondamentaux. Son inscription au sein des traités marque espérons-le, un tournant humaniste de l’organisation européenneHuman dignity is a key element in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Yet, EU law has long failed to incorporate the concept of human dignity. Europeans founded the European Community to promote peace and social progress. The European Community focused on economic integration first as a mean to reach this goal, however. The Union’s judge and legislator later helped turn attention to human dignity: secondary legislation then primary law integrated the concept. We analyze how human dignity developed as a concept. We also analyze its integration into law. Doing so allows assessing carefully what role human dignity plays in the EU. Law is dynamic. EU institutions use the concept of human dignity to reach specific goals. Human dignity serves several functions. Like its sources, dignity plays a seminal role in Europe. Objectively, dignity is the basis of the European paradigm. Dignity defines the content and limits of the legal order. Subjectively, dignity protects human beings and their fundamental rights. Including human dignity into European treaties hopefully signals a humanistic shift in how Europe works
Auch wenn das Menschenwürdekonzept eine besondere Position in der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union innehat, war dieses Konzept lange Zeit abwesend in der EU-Rechtsordnung. Die ersten EU-Mitgliedsländer hatten den Frieden und den sozialen Fortschritt als Ziel, Organisationen, die die wirtschaftliche Integration zur Aufgabe hatten, bezogen sich nicht auf das Menschenwürdekonzept trotz ihrer menschlichen Neigung. Auf Veranlassung des Richters und Gesetzgebers der Union wurde das Konzept zunächst anerkannt und setzte sich dann durch, zunächst im Sekundärrecht, dann im primären Gemeinschaftsrecht. Eine Analyse der Quellen des Würdekonzepts und des Integrationsprozesses erlauben es, mit Strenge und Schärfe die Aufgaben der Würde im EU-Recht zu bestimmen. In der Tat ist das Recht dynamisch und die Einrichtungen der EU beziehen sich auf das Würdekonzept nach einer orientierten Zielgerichtetheit. Multifunktional spielt das Menschenwürdekonzept, folgt man seinen Quellen, eine Gründungsrolle, die auf Europa festgelegt ist. Objektiv stellt sie Grundlage des europäischen Paradigma dar und legt die Substanz und die Grenzen der juristischen Ordnung fest. Subjektiv betrachtet beinhaltet das Konzept eine Schutzfunktion des Menschen und seiner Grundrechte. Die Eintragung des Menschenwürdekonzepts innerhalb des EU-Vertrags markiert, so lässt sich hoffen, einen humanistischen Wendepunkt der Europäischen Union
36
Butsky, Chris. "Cultural Factors and How They Shape Military Sustainment and Transition Operations in a Theater of War." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353030200.
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Nzadimana, Me-Christine. "Opérations de maintien de paix et interventions humanitaires en Centrafrique 1990-2015." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2160.
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La République Centrafricaine (RCA) ou Centrafrique, comme beaucoup de pays d’Afrique noire, amorce la mise en place d’un régime démocratique en 1990. Elle organise les élections multipartites dont le premier président démocratiquement élu est Ange Félix Patassé. Le cap de l’entrée en régime démocratique semble passé avec succès. Mais les vieilles méthodesrefont surface, occasionnant la contestation. En 1996 éclate une crise politico-militaire ponctuée par trois mutineries, puis une série de coups d’État. Elle atteint son apogée en 2013-2015 avec un conflit opposant deux communautés. C’est à la suite de ces événements que se fait le déploiement, en 1997, d’une force militaire de paix conformément aux « accords de Bangui » de 1997 : la Mission Interafricaine du Suivi des Accords de Bangui (MISAB). Elle marque le début d’une succession d’opérations destinées à maintenir ou rétablir la paix. Elle s’accompagne d’interventions humanitaires où le CICR et MSF jouent un rôle majeur. Cette recherche analyse ces actions de 1990 à 2015. Elle étudie dans la première partie le rôle des acteurs africains dans la résolution de ce conflit et dans la deuxième partie la participation des acteurs internationauxThe Central African Republic (CAR) or Centrafrique, as many black African countries, begins the establishment of a democratic regime in 1990. It organized multi-party elections which the first democratically elected president is Ange Félix Patassé. The cap of the entrance to democratic regime seems past successfully. But the old methods resurface, causing protests. In 1996 bursts a politico-military crisis punctuated by three mutinies, then a succession of putsch. It reached its peaks in 2013-2015 with a conflict between two communities. It is following these events that are made the deployment in 1997, of a peacemilitary force according to the “agreements of Bangui” in 1997: The Inter-African of monitoring the agreements of Bangui (MISAB). It marks the beginning of a series of operations intended to maintain or to restore the peace. It goes along with humanitarian interventions where the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Doctors without borders (MSF) play a major role. This research analyzes these actions from 1990 to 2015. It studies in the first part the role of the African actors in the resolution of this conflict and in the second part the participation of the international actors
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Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.
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Li, Tsung Lung, and 李宗龍. "The Legal Status of Fishing Entity in International Fishery Law － viewed from the Perspectives of the Practices of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46305953688213527623.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
95
Recently, as the attention to the conservation for marine resources become higher and higher, and after the UNCLOS has been set up, many RFMOs have come out with the support of Article 64 of UNCLOS. According to Article 64 of UNCLOS : in regions for which no appropriate international organization exists, the coastal State and other States whose nationals harvest these species in the region shall co-operate to establish such an organization and participate in its work. The provisions of paragraph 1 apply in addition to the other provisions of this Part. The goal of UNCLOS is to conservative and manages specific type of fish. Since ROC is not the contracting party of UNCLOS, it is not allowed to access many RFMOs and as a result not to become their members officially. Since UNFSA created the term “fishing entity” in 1995, Article 1.3 of the UNFSA: This Agreement applies mutatis mutandis to other fishing entities whose vessels fish on the high sea. And Article17.3: States which are members of a subregional or regional fisheries management organization or participants in a subregional or a regional fisheries management arrangement shall, individually, or jointly, request the fishing entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 3, which have fishing vessels in the relevant area to cooperate fully with such organization or arrangement in implementing the conservation and management measures it has established, with a view to having such measure applied de facto as extensively as possible to fishing activities in the relevant area. Such fishing entities shall enjoy benefit from participation in the fishery commensurate with their commitment to comply with conservation and management measures in respect of the stock. These agreements have given a new explanation to legal status of fishing entity. They helped ROC, as a fishing entity, to get a special status in International fishery law, and to make ROC accessing the RFMOs more successfully. Currently, ROC has accessed several RFMOs as an identity of “fishing entity.” There are five famous RFMOs, such as: Commission of Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), and Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). Among these RFMOs, ROC has accessed as different identities such as Member, Observer and Invited Expert, etc. Especially, in CCSBT and WCPFC, ROC accessed as their member. On the contrary, in ICCAT and IATTC, ROC is only as an observer since its identity has been regarded a province of China. Therefore, what is the legal status of “fishing entity” of ROC in RFMOs? What are the rights and obligations of ROC? What’s the difference between “fishing entity” and “contracting party” when they both are the member identities? In this essay, we tried to discuss the questions above through the practice of five RFMOs. Moreover, these questions themselves are the topics of this essay. Hope we can verify and clarify where should ROC go and how to improve and how to reach a better status through the discussion in the essay.
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Wei, Chung-Ling, and 魏仲伶. "A Study on the Practices of the Concept of Fishing Entities in International Fisheries Legal Regime: Case Studies on Regional Fisheries Management Organizations Which Taiwan Has Participated in the Pacific Ocean Region." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z4n395.
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Váňa, Radek. "Spojené státy americké jako příčina latinskoamerické integrace." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357452.
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The thesis deals with the causes of emergence of the most important Latin American integration groups in a period since the end of the World War II till the present days. The set of groups consists of ALADI, CAN, SELA, OTCA, MERCOSUR, ACS-AEC, ALBA, UNASUR, CELAC, and the Pacific Alliance. The main goal of the thesis is to discover how did the power predominance of the United States contribute to the emergence of Latin American integration groups. The tested hypothesis is based on the concept of soft balancing, and assumes that the primary cause of emergence of Latin American integration groups was the fear of the power predominance of the United States. The causes of emergence are always examined from the perspective of the historical context and the founding treaty. If needed, other relevant documents are examined as well. Moreover, the thesis deals with the direct predecessors of the selected groups, too. Pursuant to 4 basic criteria, the selected integration groups were divided into 3 categories according to their relevance to represent the region of Latin America as a whole. Thanks to that, the qualitative evaluation of the causes of emergence of the groups could have been done. Apart from an overview of development of the Latin American integration process, the thesis also provides an answer...
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Urban, Radek. "Procesy integrace Latinské Ameriky po 2. světové válce." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312681.
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The origins of Latin American regional integration can be found in the first half of nineteenth century, nevertheless the biggest boom of integration in Latin America have been observed during the last sixty years. Just after the World War II the Organization of American States was established followed by Latin American Free Trade Association, and many others. This thesis analyses the progress and its problems of six major processes of regional integration: OAS; LAFTA/LAIA; Andean Community; processes of integration in Central America and Caribbean; and MERCOSUR. The Thesis is complemented by brief introduction to theories of integration and by a summary of remaining processes of integration since WWII to the present.
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Chang, Ting-ting, and 張婷婷. "A Study on International Fishery Regulation: South Pacific Regional Fishery Management Organization." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25117081556268520710.
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碩士臺灣大學
法律學研究所
98
Our marine environment is under great pressure of overfishing. This thesis first introduces history of international fishery law from the 20th century, two main focuses are the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1995 agreement; both have a great impact on fishery regulation implemented in the 1999s on the whole. Regional fishery organizations are discussed after the broad picture about international ocean law, including those fishery organization Taiwan is participating now and how they work and fintion and differences and similarities among them. In Chapter 4, South Pacific Regional Management Fishery Organization (SPRFMO) is tntroduced and its convention is further analyzed in Chapter 5 and some thoughts and future research topics are suggested as the conclusion.
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Capie, David H. "Power, identity and multilateralism the United States and regional institutionalization in the Asia-Pacific /." 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55519578.html.
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Binyam, Agegn Yitay. "Probing Regional Integration in the Horn of Africa: The case of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/888.
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PhD (African Studies)Centre for African Studies
Abstract In the Horn of Africa, it is often presumed that the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) provides an institutional framework for regional integration. IGAD was established in 1986 and its member states include, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. However, the organisation continues to have many set-backs in its quest for an integrated Horn of Africa. Therefore, this study probed the challenges of regional integration in the Horn of Africa. The study closely examined the regional integration efforts of IGAD and its role and aggregate performance in the sub-region’s search for alternative strategies for sustainable socio- economic development and self-reliance through regional integration. The aim of the study was to investigate mechanisms that might contribute towards the socio-economic growth of IGAD member states. This study adopted a qualitative research approach in the collection of data. The research established the following: That member states of IGAD are not trusting each other and most of them compete over who is more powerful than the other. This competition continues to worsen the already slow integration process. Terrorism in this part of the world continues to hamper progress. In most instances, this phenomenon is tackled harshly, thus leading to more terroristic activities. Participants are of the opinion that this scourge needs a counter ideological stance where people can be educated about
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Notshulwana, Mxolisi. "State sovereignty and regional integration in Southern Africa, 1980-2015." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21133.
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Dissertation Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) at the University of Witwatersrand – School of Governance
September 2015This research is demarcated according to two modes, one conceptual – state sovereignty - and two - distant proximity – the ideal of regional integration. When these are juxtaposed in the state sovereignty-regional integration complex, they resemble a complex picture of what is under construction. The nation state currently exists, so it is an important variable. The research examines what happens to the nation state variable, in respect to its policy preferences, interests and ideational content as the process of regional integration evolves. Put differently, does the nation state remain indivisible or is it evolving as the process of regional integration deepens? The research has found that the policy preferences and interests of states in Southern Africa converge and/or diverge not so much based on the SADC objectives and norms. The convergence and/or divergence of policy preferences among states in SADC is informed by the constant negotiation and engagement among states - yielding not so much a zero-sum regional integration arrangement nor is it leading to the demise of the nation state – but around a range of factors including: perceived economic gains and losses; persuasion and influence among state and non-state actors; political solidarity among state actors; external and internal political and economic pressures. The notion of state sovereignty is invoked by many states when all the factors above have yielded inadequate results for the particular state. The research has found that a constructivist process of co-determination and co-constitution and solidarity, albeit very loose and not legaly binding, is taking place in Southern Africa. This process, the research has found, is pointing to an intergovernmental regional integration arrangement wherein certain policy areas or competencies reside at the regional level and some at the nation state level. The process of inter-state action and behaviour, the dissertation has found, is underpinned by the interests, preferences and choices of states in their discursive relationship to one another in the process of regional integration.
MT2016
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Cid, Gonzalo A. "The role of regional economic agreements in marine resource conservation." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/69671392.html.
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Komori, Yasumasa. "The construction of regional institutions in the Asia-Pacific and East Asia origins, motives, and evolution /." 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/259711920.html.
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Lee, Ming-Chen, and 李明錚. "Study on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization：A New-Type Regional Security Institution under the Perspective of International Regime Theory." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67200004674884679552.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
97
“Shanghai Cooperation Organization”（SCO） is the first multilateral international institution created by the Communist Party of China (CPC)﹐is deeply contains the meaning of symbol of multilateral diplomacy and the new deed of security issues of CPC. It is also the first international organization which takes the “anti-terrorism” as the main demand﹐and gradually expands it to other non-traditional security cooperation fields such as economy﹐environmental protection. Compared to other major international organizations which are committed to focus on the emphasis of working and cooperation of a particular item in Europe or Asia﹐the cooperation issues of SCO are increasing and evolving constantly﹐which shows that the organization has its own institutional specificities. Generally﹐the characteristics and orientation of the regional institution presented by Europe and Asia are totally different. Therefore﹐this thesis is going to question：the SCO that as being in Central Asia﹐but be with the potential capacity for influencing entire North-East Asia﹐Eurasia﹐and the Asia-Pacific region﹐which character （Western or Asian type） is the most in this regime？ Is it unique？ Or even whether a “new-type” regional security institution different from the present in Asia？ How will its trend of progress be in the future？ It is quite worthy of our study. This thesis is going to cite the “International Regime Theory” from international relations theories﹐with some arguments relative to the cooperation of regional institution﹐and induce several common characteristics of regional security institution﹐then make them the analytical indicators of this study﹐as try to examine the SCO through them. Furthermore﹐we also make some brief﹐assistant comparison with the main security institutions in Europe and Asia﹐such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization（NATO）﹐Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）and the ASEAN Regional Forum（ARF）﹐during the procedure of characteristics analysis. In this approach﹐essay to find out the primary institutional character and uniqueness of the SCO.
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Ishii, Ryoichi. "Location behavior and spatial organization of multinational firms and their impact on regional transformation in East Asia a comparative study of Japanese, Korean, and U.S. electronics firms /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33472418.html.
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