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1
Ross, Silvia, and Claire Honess, eds. Identity and Conflict in Tuscany. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-862-0.
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This volume represents a targeted exploration of the theme of identity and conflict in the context of Tuscan Studies, an exploration which is enriched by the diverse disciplinary perspectives encompassed (history, literature, linguistics). The essays, which span the period from the nineteenth century to the present, examine conflict in terms of war but also as a form of struggle between different demographic groups or conflict based on gender and identity politics. This collection thus signals an original mode of analysis of the region, while drawing on the proven interest, both scholarly and popular, in its history, literature, language, art and society.
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Randelli, Filippo, and Francesco Dini, eds. Oltre la globalizzazione: le proposte della Geografia economica. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-307-6.
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In 1980 Froebel, Heinrichs and Kreye published the English-language The New International Division of Labour, trying to highlight the consequences of market reorganization after the crisis of the mid 1970s, which was soon to transform into so-called globalization. A third of a century later, the "fantastic adventure" of market integration seems to have been crystallized by the 2007-2008 crisis, opening a further period of great instability. But the geography of wealth production has transformed radically and appears unrecognizable to the early-80s scholar. In a framework of great social, political and cultural change, China, a country at the time defined as an "economic dwarf", is the second largest economy on the planet and has become its "factory". The standardizing concept of "Third World" having vanished, some former colonial economies have undertaken rapid growth processes, while others have ruinously accentuated their underdevelopment. The traditionally advanced regions, then defined as "industrial", have opened out into trajectories defined, vice versa, as "post-industrial", some consolidating their competitive edge and others sparking lengthy declines.
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Williams, Angeline. The dog's children: Anishinaabe texts. Winnipeg, Man: University of Manitoba Press, 1991.
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Jones, Gavin Roger. Strange talk: The politics of dialect literature in Gilded Age America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
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5
Faragó, Kornélia. Kultúrák és narratívák: Az idegenség alakzatai. Újvidék: Forum, 2005.
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Faragó, Kornélia. Kultúrák és narratívák: Az idegenség alakzatai. Újvidék: Forum, 2005.
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7
Faragó, Kornélia. Kultúrák és narratívák: Az idegenség alakzatai. Újvidék: Forum, 2005.
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8
1927-, Varty Kenneth, Davies Peter V, and Hetherington Language Centre (University of Glasgow), eds. Regional varieties of French: Problems and solutions in teaching : proceedings of a seminar held in the Hetherington Language Centre, University of Glasgow, Friday 22 February 1985. Glasgow: Glasgow University Language Centre, 1987.
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9
Halvorsen, Tar, and Peter Vale. One World, Many Knowledges: Regional experiences and cross-regional links in higher education. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/978-0-620-55789-4.
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Various forms of academic co-operation criss-cross the modern university system in a bewildering number of ways, from the open exchange of ideas and knowledge, to the sharing of research results, and frank discussions about research challenges. Embedded in these scholarly networks is the question of whether a global template for the management of both higher education and national research organisations is necessary, and if so, must institutions slavishly follow the high-flown language of the global knowledge society or risk falling behind in the ubiquitous university ranking system? Or are there alternatives that can achieve a better, more ethically inclined, world? Basing their observations on their own experiences, an interesting mix of seasoned scholars and new voices from southern Africa and the Nordic region offer critical perspectives on issues of inter- and cross-regional academic co-operation. Several of the chapters also touch on the evolution of the higher education sector in the two regions. An absorbing and intelligent study, this book will be invaluable for anyone interested in the strategies scholars are using to adapt to the interconnectedness of the modern world. It offers fresh insights into how academics are attempting to protect the spaces in which they can freely and openly debate the challenges they face, while aiming to transform higher education, and foster scholarly collaboration. The Southern African-Nordic Centre (SANORD) is a partnership of higher education institutions from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. SANORDs primary aim is to promote multilateral research co-operation on matters of importance to the development of both regions. Our activities are based on the values of democracy, equity, and mutually beneficial academic engagement.
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Manjunatha, A. V., and B. B. Chand. Research Journals in Social Sciences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199474417.003.0004.
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This chapter analyses the relevant aspects related to research journals and examines the growth and trends of social science research (SSR) journals; the status on access and delivery models of SSR journals; the role of institutions, associations, and commercial publishers in promoting SSR journals; and the quality and quantity of SSR journals in India. The study found that of the total 2131 journals analysed, about 84 per cent are published in English, only 9 per cent in English as well as in Hindi/regional languages together, and 7 per cent only in Hindi/regional languages. Analysis of 1992 journals published in English and English/Hindi/regional language(s) shows that over 40 per cent of these are in disciplines of economics and allied subjects. Education, law, and multidisciplinary themes take the majority of the remaining share.
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Zhang, Qing. Language Policy and Ideology. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0028.
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This chapter discusses language policies in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR since 1997) and Taiwan. The term “Greater China” refers to these three territories. Contemporary language policies in the region are driven by the need for, and play a vital role in, building a unified modern nation-state. The discussion notes that language policy is informed and shaped by language ideologies and attitudes, as well as by sociohistorical, geopolitical, and economic considerations. All three territories have witnessed drastic socioeconomic and political change since the last two decades of the twentieth century. Such transformations have undoubtedly left their impact on their languages and language policies.
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Arregui, Ana, María Luisa Rivero, and Andrés Salanova. Aspect and tense in evidentials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.003.0011.
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This chapter investigates the interaction between evidential categories and temporal anchoring in Bulgarian, a South Slavic language, Mébengokre, a Jê language in Central Brazil, and Matses, a Panoan language in the Amazon region in Brazil and Peru. It argues that temporal categories retain their usual interpretation in evidential contexts both in Mébengokre, a language whose evidential system seems independent from tense, and in Bulgarian and Matses, two languages where evidential markers are fused with temporal categories. The conclusion is that there is no need to hypothesize an independent “evidential” system of temporal reference in these languages. A careful analysis of tense and aspect, with particular attention to aspectual interpretations, can account for cases in which temporal relations appear to shift in evidential contexts. The chapter thus argues against the postulation of independent “evidential specific” temporal paradigms.
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de Luna, Kathryn M. Scales and Units. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0011.
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This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.
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Novetzke, Christian Lee. Vernacularization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0037.
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How were abstract and pan-Indian concepts of dharma rerouted in the idioms of place and the peculiarities of region? This chapter answers the question by diving into the earliest layers of Marathi literature, and in particular the Līḷācaritra (c. 1278 CE), to uncover some key engagements with dharma embedded in Maharashtrian spheres of culture, religion, and politics in the thirteenth century. The chapter argues that vernacularization involves a reassessment of social relations because it, perforce, enlarges the scope of intelligible discourse to the widest sphere, isolated to a region with a shared language. This necessity adapts pan-Indian theories of social and cosmic order to the vicissitudes of regional idiosyncrasy and quotidian social life.
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MacEachern, Scott. Understanding Distributions of Chadic Languages. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0004.
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The distribution of Chadic languages in Africa is extremely diverse, including the widely dispersed Hausa language, the more restricted Central Chadic languages in the southern Lake Chad Basin, and the poorly understood Eastern Chadic languages in Chad. These distributions are disjunct in complex ways, and the relationships between Chadic and neighboring language families is extremely complicated. The genesis of these distributions lies in the mid-Holocene, with the occupation of the Lake Chad Basin by populations faced by the desiccation of the Sahara and the opening of arable lands further south. Further differentiation of Chadic languages appears to be associated with sociopolitical developments in the region, especially over the last 1,000 years. This chapter will consider the methodological challenges associated with studying the history of these populations using archaeological, linguistic, and genetic data, as well as providing an initial framework for understanding the social dynamics within which these linguistic distributions emerged.
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Fortescue, Michael, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.001.0001.
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This handbook offers an extensive cross-linguistic and cross-theoretical survey of polysynthetic languages, in which single multi-morpheme verb forms can express what would be whole sentences in English. These languages and the problems they raise for linguistic analyses have long featured prominently in language descriptions, and yet the essence of polysynthesis remains under discussion, right down to whether it delineates a distinct, coherent type, rather than an assortment of frequently co-occurring traits. Chapters in the first part of the handbook relate polysynthesis to other issues central to linguistics, such as complexity, the definition of the word, the nature of the lexicon, idiomaticity, and to typological features such as argument structure and head marking. Part II contains areal studies of those geographical regions of the world where polysynthesis is particularly common, such as the Arctic and Sub-Arctic and northern Australia. The third part examines diachronic topics such as language contact and language obsolence, while Part IV looks at acquisition issues in different polysynthetic languages. Finally, Part V contains detailed grammatical descriptions of over twenty languages which have been characterized as polysynthetic, with special attention given to the presence or absence of potentially criterial features.
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Sujit, Choudhry. Part III Constituting Democracy, Ch.11 Language. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the constitutional politics of official language status in India. It gives an overview of the debates in the Indian Constituent Assembly over issues such as the official language of the Central Government and the Indian Constitution’s distinction between the language of parliamentary deliberations and the language of legislation. It considers the disaggregation of official language status into different linguistic states within the context of the relationship between federalism and language. It also discusses the implications of linguistic federalism for linguistic minorities in India and the legal controversy regarding the extent to which Article 30(1) of the Indian Constitution grants linguistic minorities the right to exclude instruction in the regional language.
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Chen, Katherine H. Y. Ideologies of Language Standardization. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.22.
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Virtually all Hong Kong Cantonese speakers know of 懶音 (“lazy pronunciation”), which refers to the colloquial pronunciation of Cantonese that differs from prescribed dictionary pronunciation. Speakers of the colloquial variety are essentialized as “lazy” and said to be responsible for “destroying Chinese culture.” These language ideologies about the aesthetics and cultural qualities of Cantonese are part of a process of differentiation associated with the renegotiation of local Hong Kong identity in the period of political change around the handover of Hong Kong from Britain to China in 1997. Thus the standardization of Cantonese is at the center of social, cultural, and political negotiation with regard to community boundaries and identities. The changes in Hong Kong’s political sovereignty, from its position as a Chinese Qing dynasty–ruled rural island, to a British crown colony, and then to a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, make a unique and interesting study for language standardization processes and shifts in language ideologies.
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1950-, Montgomery Michael, Johnson Ellen 1959-, and University of Mississippi. Center for the Study of Southern Culture., eds. Language. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
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20
Misra, Udayon. Burden of History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199478361.001.0001.
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The work attempts to show how the shadow of Partition continues to fall over the society and politics of the state of Assam and how issues such as immigration, demographic change, language, and identity as well as citizenship that occupied the centre stage in the years immediately before and after the Partition have not only retained their relevance but have also gained an extra sense of urgency in the contemporary politics of the region. It is interesting to note that in the archive of the colonial state, the reader is often confronted with the region’s colonial past. The quest to define the Assamese identity still continues as it did in the 1940s and 1950s, and the historical effects of Partition have certainly had a long afterlife in the region. Not only did the Partition radically transform the political geography of the region and turn it overnight into a landlocked one, its aftereffects continued to be felt in the socio-political and economic life of the region in diverse ways. This book focuses primarily on the issues of immigration, land, language, and identity, which are seen as the unresolved issues of Partition politics. It attempts to show how after seven decades of Independence, the issues that almost exclusively engaged the public mind in the pre-Partition days continue to do so in today’s Assam. It is as if Assam has been caught in a rather eerie time warp.
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Zúñiga, Fernando. Mapudungun. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.40.
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Mapudungun, an unclassified language of southern Chile and south-central Argentina spoken by a somewhat uncertain but sizeable number of speakers, has word-formation phenomena that deserve to be called polysynthetic according to most of the (sometimes mutually exclusive) definitions of this term found in the descriptive and typological literature. Polypersonalism, productive nominal incorporation, a limited amount of lexical affixation, alongside significant grammatical affixation, and especially root-serializing/compounding processes lead to long and complex templatically structured verbal predicates that markedly contrast, not only with rather simple nouns in the same language, but also with predicates in many other languages of the region. This chapter describes the major word-formation processes of Mapudungun paying special attention to the typologies of polysynthesis that have been proposed in previous studies on the subject.
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Salway, Benet. Late Antiquity. Edited by Christer Bruun and Jonathan Edmondson. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336467.013.018.
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Late antique epigraphy differs in several respects from that of the High Empire, reflecting the changed political, economic, and cultural circumstances. This chapter focuses on the epigraphic habit of that fluctuating portion of the late antique world that remained Roman. Despite the emergence of inscriptions in additional languages, such as Syriac and Coptic, Latin and Greek retained their hegemony as the two main epigraphic languages of the Roman world. The establishment of an imperial court, with its attendant bureaucratic and military retinue, in major centres of the Greek East from the last decades of the third century coincided with a new flowering of Latin inscriptions in the region.
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Civantos, Christina E. Argentina and Hispano-America. Edited by Waïl S. Hassan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199349791.013.33.
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This chapter examines the main trends and themes found across the novels of the Hispano-American mahjar (place of exile and immigrant life), with particular emphasis on Argentina. It considers the Arab Hispano-American novel in the context of the local, national, and regional cultural spaces that the authors or their families left behind, as well as the ones they now inhabit. It analyzes Arabic-language novels and proto-novels (most of which fit within so-called “exile literature”) and Spanish-language novels produced by Arab immigrants to Argentina during the first half of the twentieth century. It also discusses works published in the latter half of the twentieth century across Hispano-America. Hispanic mahjar novels that tackle the theme of spirituality as a means to make sense of migration; the issue of language used by writers to tell the story of the Arab immigrant experience; and Arab heritage as a source of narrative creativity.
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Gamberini, Andrea. New Scenarios, Old Questions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0013.
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This chapter, beginning Part II, takes as its theme the advent of the regional states—new and broader political formations that replaced city-states from the middle of the fourteenth century. It looks briefly at the causes of a transformation that profoundly altered the balance of late medieval Italy and which ended with the introduction of other, different political cultures. Far from simplifying the political picture, the regional state absorbed but did not dissolve the many existing territorial bodies, resulting in a stratification of languages and ideas and a configuration of extreme tensions. The Milan Duchy is employed as a case study in order to investigate these phenomena analytically.
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Alcorn, Rhona, Joanna Kopaczyk, Bettelou Los, and Benjamin Molineaux, eds. Historical Dialectology in the Digital Age. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430531.001.0001.
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Drawing on the resources created by the Institute of Historical Dialectology at the University of Edinburgh (now the Angus McIntosh Centre for Historical Linguistics), such as eLALME (the electronic version A Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English), LAEME (A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English) and LAOS (A Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots), this volume illustrates how traditional methods of historical dialectology can benefit from new methods of corpus data-collection to test out theoretical and empirical claims. In showcasing the results that these digital text resources can yield, the book highlights novel methods for presenting, mapping and analysing the quantitative data of historical dialects, and sets the research agenda for future work in this field. Bringing together a range of distinguished researchers, the book sets out the key corpus-building strategies for working with regional manuscript data at different levels of linguistic analysis including syntax, morphology, phonetics and phonology. The chapters also show the ways in which the geographical spread of phonological, morphological and lexical features of a language can be used to improve our assessment of the geographical provenance of historical texts.
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Bońkowski, Robert, Milica Lukić, Krešimir Mićanović, Paulina Pycia-Košćak, and Sanja Zubčić. Periferno u hrvatskom jeziku, kulturi i društvu / Peryferie w języku chorwackim, kulturze i społeczeństwie. University of Silesia Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pn.4038.
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The volume "Peripheries in the Croatian Language, Culture and Society" is the second colllection of articles, which are the result of the meeting at the international scientific conference that took place in Katowice in 2019. The first and most extensive chapter of the volume, titled "Croatian Standard Language and Dialects" consists of articles in which the peripheries and peripherality appear most often in relation to the marginal position of certain linguistic phenomena in the Croatian standard language and in regional variants. In the second part, titled "Croatian Language in Teaching and Translation", there are texts in which the peripheries and peripherality are related to the glottodidactics of the Croatian language and traductology. The third chapter of the volume, "Croatian Language Abroad", covers works in which the peripheries and peripherality are closest to their original, geographical meaning, as they refer to a place remote from the center, which in this particular case is Croatia. The diachronic perspective in the study of the peripheries and peripherality is visible in the texts collected in the fourth chapter of the volume, titled "Croatian Language and Croatian Writing over the centuries". The last chapter, "Cultural and Sociological Contexts of the Periphery", presents the results of research that differ from purely linguistic issues, but the peripheries and peripherality analyzed in them fit into the main theme of the project.
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Wagner, Tamara. The Novel in English in Malaya and Singapore to 1950. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199609932.003.0006.
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This chapter looks at the representations of the former British Straits Settlements in English fiction from 1819 to 1950, discussing both British literary works that are located in South East Asia and English-language novels from Singapore and Malaysia. Although over the centuries, Europeans of various nationalities had located, intermarried, and established unique cultures throughout the region, writing in the English language at first remained confined to travel accounts, histories, and some largely anecdotal fiction, mostly by civil servants. English East India Company employees wrote about the region, often weaving anecdotal sketches into their historical, geographical, and cultural descriptions. Civil servant Hugh Clifford and Joseph Conrad are the two most prominent writers of fiction set in the British Straits Settlements during the nineteenth century; they also epitomize two opposing camps in representing the region.
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Cohen, Richard I., ed. Darius Staliūnas, Enemies for a Day: Antisemitism and Anti-Jewish Violence in Lithuania under the Tsars. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2015. 284 pp. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0019.
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This chapter reviews the book Enemies for a Day: Antisemitism and Anti-Jewish Violence in Lithuania under the Tsars (2015), by Darius Staliūnas. In Enemies for a Day, Staliūnas explores the ethno-religious tensions between Jews and Lithuanians during the long nineteenth century. The book deals with issues of antisemitism and acts of violence committed against Jews in the provinces of Vilna, Kovno, and Suwalki, the northwestern regions of the Russian Empire in which Lithuanians constituted the majority. It provides a detailed analysis of blood libels that occurred in the region during the period and compares anti-Jewish violence in the Lithuanian provinces with the situation in the Belarusian provinces and in Eastern Galicia (of the Habsburg Empire) and with Lithuanian-Polish conflicts regarding the language of supplementary services such as sermons and processions in the churches.
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Ben-Herut, Gil. 'Siva's Saints. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878849.001.0001.
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The Vīraśaiva tradition, which developed over the last eight centuries in the Kannada-speaking region of the Deccan plateau in India, holds a unique place in Hindu society. Its members do not adhere to the hierarchical structures of Brahminical-centered society, and they practice a distinct set of rituals, such as carrying a personal liṅga on their body and worshiping it individually (as well as in groups). The roots of the tradition are linked to a revolutionary community of devotees of the Hindu god Śiva from the twelfth century, headed by the saintly figures Basavaṇṇa, Allama Prabhu, and Mahādēviyakka, whose poetry is the most translated and read literature ever produced in the Kannada language. This book takes a pioneering approach to understanding the origins of Vīraśaivism by focusing for the first time in English-language scholarship on a corpus of hagiographies about the twelfth-century devotees that was produced at a very early stage of the tradition. This untitled collection of narrative poems, commonly called the Śivaśaraṇara Ragaḷegaḷu (“Poems in the Ragaḷe Meter for Śiva’s Saints”), is the first written account of the devotees of the Kannada-speaking region, and its author was an accomplished poet called Harihara. By closely reading the saints’ stories in this text, the book takes a more nuanced historical view than commonly held notions about the egalitarian and iconoclastic nature of the early tradition, arguing instead that early bhakti (devotionalism) in the Kannada-speaking region was less radical and more accommodating toward traditional religious, social, and political institutions than thought of today.
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Chrubasik, Boris. From Pre-Makkabaean Judaea to Hekatomnid Karia and Back Again. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805663.003.0005.
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This chapter analyses the adaptation of Greek cultural and political practices in two distinct environments: fourth-century Karia and second-century Judaea. Both regions see a marked political transformation in their respective time periods. The Hekatomnid rulers actively fostered the foundation of poleis, experimented with Greek architectural styles, and the new polis communities and rulers publicly displayed Greek-language inscriptions. Similarly, one of the high priests of Judaea attempted to transform the city of Jerusalem into a polis and founded Greek polis institutions there. By raising the question of why Greek cultural elements were valuable to the agents of fourth-century Karia and second-century Judaea, this chapter proposes that very local reasons attracted the local elites of these regions to Greek institutions, and argues against seeing these processes as being deeply connected to global trends of a supposed Greek oikoumene.
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Relaño-Pastor, Ana María. Bilingual Education Policy and Neoliberal Content and Language Integrated Learning Practices. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.13.
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This chapter presents an overview of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) policy and practice in Europe to shed light on the neoliberalization and commodification processes involved in the global spread of English. The first part surveys the key issues of CLIL research in Europe by offering a summary of the major trends in policy and practice. The second section advocates for approaching CLIL as policy and practice from an ethnographic, political economy perspective to understand the complex relationships between bilingual language policy, stakeholders’ circulating discourses about bilingualism, and bilingual classroom practices. The third section briefly illustrates the case of bilingual programs in the central-south autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, Spain, attending to the social hierarchization processes involved in the implementation of CLIL programs in this region. The chapter’s final section advocates for the need to incorporate the ethnographic turn in future research on CLIL in Europe and beyond.
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Sawhney, Rashmi. Revising the Colonial Past, Undoing “National” Histories. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039683.003.0012.
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This chapter investigates the historical imagination of 1980s Indian women filmmakers seeking “companionship” with generations of women enduring or resisting convention in India's colonial past. Leveraging the emergence in the 1980s of an Indian women's cinema—and reflecting on the cinematic construction of gender debates in colonial India through its films, the chapter highlights the challenges they pose to establishing “national” narratives of gender or film history. Three films about gender and reform in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century colonial India are discussed: Phaniyamma (Prema Karanth, 1983), Rao Saheb (Vijaya Mehta, 1986), and Sati (Aparna Sen, 1989). Together these films present a constellation that supports the development of a feminist historiography of Indian cinema. The chapter also considers how literature on Indian regional cinemas, published in regional languages with little translation, has contributed to the marginalization of such cinemas in the construction of Indian film history.
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Dworkin, Steven N. A Guide to Old Spanish. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687312.001.0001.
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This book describes the linguistic structures that constitute Medieval or Old Spanish as preserved in texts written prior to the beginning of the sixteenth century. It emphasizes those structures that contrast with the modern standard language. Chapter 1 presents methodological issues raised by the study of a language preserved only in written sources. Chapter 2 examines questions involved in reconstructing the sound system of Old Spanish before discussing relevant phonetic and phonological details. The chapter ends with an overview of Old Spanish spelling practices. Chapter 3 presents in some detail the nominal, verbal, and pronominal morphology of the language, with attention to regional variants. Chapter 4 describes selected syntactic structures, with emphasis on the noun phrase, verb phrase, object pronoun placement, subject-verb-object word order, verb tense, aspect, and mood. Chapter 5 begins with an extensive list of Old Spanish nouns, adjectives, verbs, and function words that have not survived into the modern standard language. It then presents examples of coexisting variants (doublets) and changes of meaning, and finishes with an overview of the creation of neologisms in the medieval language through derivational morphology (prefixation, suffixation, compounding). The book concludes with an anthology composed of three extracts from Spanish prose texts, one each from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. The extracts contain footnotes that highlight relevant morphological, syntactic, and lexical features, with cross references to the relevant sections in the body of the book.
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Jha, Mithilesh Kumar. Language Politics and Public Sphere in North India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479344.001.0001.
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Moving beyond the existing scholarship on language politics in north India which implicitly or explicitly focuses on Hindi–Urdu debates, this book examines the formation of the Maithili movement in the context of expansion of Hindi as the ‘national’ language. For a long time, the Hindi–Urdu debate has provided an important source to critically asses various facets of the nationalist movement in north India. But much emphasis on this debate has undermined simultaneous developments taking place in ‘minor’ linguistic spheres within the ‘Hindi heartland’ like Maithili, Braj, Awadhi, and Bhojpuri. This work also revisits the dynamic hierarchy through which a distinction is produced between ‘major’ and ‘minor’ languages. Significance of these ‘minor’ linguistic movements lies in the ways through which they resist such domination and appropriations while asserting their own independence. Throughout the history of the Maithili movement, what one finds is not just an opposition to Hindi’s claim of Maithili being its ‘dialect’ or the ambivalent relationship between the two. But more appropriately, one can see a double movement. The authority of Hindi has strengthened within the Maithili-speaking region even when the movement for the recognition of Maithili as an independent language has become more assertive. Another paradox of the Maithili movement has been its increasing politicization—from Hindi–Maithili ambiguities and antagonisms to territorial consciousness and finally demands for a separate statehood of Mithila, along with the persistent indifferent attitude of the masses. This work examines these processes historically since the middle of the nineteenth century until the inclusion of Maithili into the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2004.
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Gordon, Matthew S. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622183.003.0001.
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Concubines and Courtesans examines the intersection of slavery, gender, social networking, cultural production (music, poetry, and dance), sexuality, Islamic family law, and religion. The essays that make up the volume range over nearly a thousand years of Islamic history—from the early, formative period (7th–10th century CE) to the late Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal eras (16th–18th century CE)—and regions from al-Andalus (Islamic Spain) to Central Asia (Timurid Iran). The close, common thread is an effort to account for the lives, careers, and representations of female slaves participating in and contributing to elite, mostly urban, Islamicate society. The classical Arabic sources evince a trajectory from enslavement and early training of these women to a status as mature and dynamic social actors. Sources in other Near Eastern languages, notably Ottoman Turkish and Persian, provide much the same kind of evidence.
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Wodziński, Marcin. Geography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631260.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the borders of Hasidism, showing its halt on the Polish–German and Lithuanian–German border and factors responsible for this halt. This was unfavorable to Hasidism professional and social structure, language barrier, and, most importantly, the pressure of the autostereotype of anti-Hasidic, German–Jewish culture. The chapter also analyzes the basis of the popular image of Hasidism’s regional divisions, showing their essential dependence on nineteenth-century political divisions. It also traces patterns of interrelation between Hasidic groups’ types of spatial organization as well as their types of spirituality and leadership, demonstrating a correlation between the type of spatial organization of the group and the type of leadership and spirituality of a given group.
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Corrigan, Karen P. The Atlantic Archipelago of the British Isles. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.015.
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This chapter discusses contact between English and other languages in the British Isles from the fifth century to the present. Census data and other evidence are examined to assess the impact of migrants on historical and contemporary English dialects in the Celtic regions and elsewhere. As regards the latter, these would include svarabhakti phenomena and fronting devices typical of the syntactic/discourse strategies commonly associated with Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. Consideration is also given to the extent to which Celtic Englishes retain relic features representing earlier stages of English. Of particular interest is the retention of historical /r/ post-vocalically as well as negative concord and the grammaticality of double modal constructions. There is also some discussion of linguistic innovations in dialects of the British Isles that have been brought about by more recent contacts with newer ethnic minority migrants in large urban areas of this region like Dublin and London.
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Boud’hors, Anne. Copyist and Scribe: Two Professions for a Single Man? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768104.003.0013.
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Newly discovered or published Coptic documents on papyrus or ostraca have shed light on the written production of two characters from the Theban region (Upper Egypt), namely the priest Mark (early seventh century) and the monk Frange (c.725), whose writings are here compared. Their hands, as well as their language use and the content of their writings, indicate significant differences that can be considered in relation to several factors: level of education and culture, social condition, and the general evolution of the Coptic language towards a state of decreased standardization. Only the priest Mark really combines both activities of notary and copyist, thus demonstrating an exceptional influence.
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Murphy, Clifford R., ed. A History of New England Country and Western Music, 1925–1975. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038679.003.0004.
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This chapter explores how various languages pervaded industrial centers, which led to New England undergoing an ethnic transformation from a mostly white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant (WASP) population to a mostly Irish, Franco, Italian, and Roman Catholic one. Emerging technologies such as the phonograph, motion pictures, and radio accelerated the spread into New England of African American jazz, which was heartily embraced by many in a region where blackface minstrelsy was enormously popular. There was a palpable tension throughout the region as newcomers and old Yankees alike struggled to retain traditional customs and languages. During this same period of pandemic crisis, New England was wracked by the stresses of interethnic and political conflict, as represented in the trial of anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti in 1921.
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Chrubasik, Boris, and Daniel King, eds. Hellenism and the Local Communities of the Eastern Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805663.001.0001.
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This volume focuses on questions of Greek and non-Greek cultural interaction in the eastern Mediterranean and the ancient Near East during a broadly defined Hellenistic period from 400 BCE–250 CE. While recent historiographical emphasis on the non-Greek cultures of the eastern Mediterranean is a critical methodological advancement, this volume re-examines the presence of Greek cultural elements in these areas. The regions discussed—Asia Minor, Egypt, the Levant, and Mesopotamia—were quite different from one another; so, too, were the cross-cultural interactions we can observe in each case. Nevertheless, overarching questions that unite these local phenomena are addressed by leading scholars in their individual contributions. These questions are at the heart of this volume: Why did the non-Greek communities of the Eastern Mediterranean engage so closely with Greek cultural forms and political and cultural practices? How did this engagement translate into the daily lives of the non-Greek cultures of Asia Minor, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt? Local engagement differed from region to region, but some elements, such as local forms of the polis and writing in the Greek language, were attractive for many of the non-Greek communities from fourth-century Anatolia to second-century Babylon. The Greek empires and the Greek communities of the Eastern Mediterranean, too, were transformed by these local interpretations. The presence of adapted, changed, and locally interpreted Greek elements deeply entrenched in each community’s culture are for us the many forms of Hellenisms, but it is ultimately these categories, too, that this volume wishes to examine.
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Luna, Francisco Vidal, and Herbert S. Klein. An Economic and Demographic History of São Paulo, 1850-1950. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503602007.001.0001.
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This volume is the continuation of an earlier study of colonial and imperial São Paulo and covers the period 1850-1950. These volumes are the first full scale survey of the economy and society of the state of São Paulo in this two century period in any language. Today São Paulo is the most populated state of Brazil and also the richest and most industrialized one. It is also the world leader in the production of sugar cane and orange juice and houses one of the world’s major airplane manufacturers. Its GDP today is almost double the size of Portugal or Finland and close to the size of the entire economy of Colombia or Venezuela and its capital city is one of the top five metropolitan centers in the world. This volume shows how the region of São Paulo went from being one of the more marginal and backward areas of the nation to its leading agricultural, industrial and financial center. Special emphasis is given to the creation of a modern state government and finances in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as well as the evolution of tis coffee economy and its internal market as well as its leading role it played in the integration of over two million European and Asian immigrants into Brazilian society.
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Fedden, Sebastian, Jenny Audring, and Greville G. Corbett, eds. Non-Canonical Gender Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795438.001.0001.
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Grammatical gender is famously the most puzzling of the grammatical categories. Despite our solid knowledge about the typology of gender systems, exciting and unexpected patterns keep turning up which defy easy classification and straightforward analysis. Some of these question, stretch, or even threaten to cross the outer boundaries of the category. These regions are largely unexplored, yet are essential for our understanding of gender, besides being interesting in their own right. The purpose of this book is to explore the outer boundaries of the category of gender and discuss their theoretical significance. Canonical Typology, a cutting-edge approach already successfully applied to a range of linguistic phenomena, provides the ideal framework for this endeavour. In this approach, a linguistic phenomenon—for example, a morphosyntactic feature like gender—is established in terms of a canonical ideal: the clearest instance of the phenomenon. The canonical ideal is a clustering of properties that serves as a baseline from which to measure the actual examples that are found. This approach allows us to analyse any gender system and determine for each of its component properties whether it is more or less canonical. The languages discussed in this volume all diverge from the canonical ideal in interesting ways. Each language is assessed by international experts, who approach their work from a typological perspective. The book explores a wide range of typologically different languages drawn from all over the world, from South America to Melanesia, from an Italo-Romance dialect of Central Italy to Mawng of Northern Australia.
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Miano, Daniele. Fortunae in Italy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786566.003.0003.
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This chapter analyses the cults of Fortuna through Italy up to the first century BC. Although the evidence for the cults is mostly fragmentary, contextual information shows that diverse meanings were attached to Fortuna by a variety of agents. Latium and Campania are the regions where most of the cults are attested, and the diffusion of the deity seems to have followed that of the Latin language. There are certain recurring features common to many local cults and sanctuaries, e.g. a tendency to worship Fortuna near liminal places, with sanctuaries attested at the border of different territories and near city walls.
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Khatun, Samia. Australianama. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922603.001.0001.
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Australian deserts remain dotted with the ruins of old mosques. Beginning with a Bengali poetry collection discovered in a nineteenth-century mosque in the town of Broken Hill, Samia Khatun weaves together the stories of various peoples colonized by the British Empire to chart a history of South Asian diaspora. Australia has long been an outpost of Anglo empires in the Indian Ocean world, today the site of military infrastructure central to the surveillance of 'Muslim-majority' countries across the region. Imperial knowledges from Australian territories contribute significantly to the Islamic-Western binary of the post- Cold War era. In narrating a history of Indian Ocean connections from the perspectives of those colonized by the British, Khatun highlights alternative contexts against which to consider accounts of non-white people. Australianama challenges a central idea that powerfully shapes history books across the Anglophone world: the colonial myth that European knowledge traditions are superior to the epistemologies of the colonized. Arguing that Aboriginal and South Asian language sources are keys to the vast, complex libraries that belie colonized geographies, Khatun shows that stories in colonized tongues can transform the very ground from which we view past, present and future.
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Johnson, Ellen, and Michael Montgomery. The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 5. Language. The University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
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Johnson, Ellen, and Michael Montgomery. The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 5. Language. The University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
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Grene, Nicholas, and Chris Morash, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Theatre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.001.0001.
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The familiar narrative in this field has focused on playwrights: from the foundational work of W. B. Yeats, Augusta Gregory, and J. M. Synge of the early twentieth-century national theatre movement to contemporary figures such as Martin McDonagh, Marina Carr, and Enda Walsh, sometimes including Oscar Wilde, Bernard Shaw, and Samuel Beckett. These playwrights are all given detailed analysis in this volume, while extending the conspectus to the full phenomenon of modern Irish theatre. Two sections of the book are devoted to performance, examining the neglected work of directors and designers, as well as exploring acting styles and playing spaces. While the Abbey, as Ireland’s national theatre, has been of central importance, individual chapters bring out the contesting voices of women in a male-dominated arena, the position of Irish-language theatre, and ‘little theatres’ that challenged the hegemony of the Abbey. The middle of the twentieth century saw what amounted to a new revival of Irish drama with the emergence of a generation of playwrights responding in innovative ways to a modernizing Ireland, again diversified by the establishment of regional companies and alternative dramaturgical directions from the 1970s. The contemporary period in Irish theatre has featured a movement beyond scripted plays to more experimental work. The impact and interactions of Irish theatre are finally placed within the wider world of the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States. The forty-one chapters of the volume offer the most comprehensive analysis to date of modern Irish theatre.
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Williams, Tyler, Anshu Malhotra, and John Stratton Hawley, eds. Text and Tradition in Early Modern North India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199478866.001.0001.
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Early modern India—a period extending from the fifteenth to the late eighteenth century—saw dramatic cultural, religious, and political changes as it went from Sultanate, to Mughal, to early colonial rule. Witness to the rise of multiple literary and devotional traditions, this period was characterized by pulsating political energy and cultural vibrancy. Text and Tradition in Early Modern North India brings together recent scholarship on the languages, literatures, and religious traditions of northern India to highlight the importance of reconstructing multilingual literary histories. Focusing on the rise of vernacular languages, the volume underscores the manifold connections across regions, languages, communities, and traditions to reveal the diversity of literary and religious practices in this multilingual world. Analysing the emergence and development of literary cultures of north India, Text and Tradition also highlights processes of exchange and influence across these cultures. Spanning across various disciplines, the chapters here shed new light upon not only existing literary and religious traditions, but also those that may have disappeared but which should not be forgotten.
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Misra, Udayon. Unresolved Issues of Partition Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199478361.003.0005.
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The concluding chapter takes up what it sees to be some of the major unresolved issues of Partition politics. While it tries to trace the roots of the violence centred around land in several areas of Assam, especially in the Bodo-inhabited region, it shows how issues such as the controversy over the cut-off year for immigrants to acquire citizenship are carry-overs from Partition days. Other major issues that are discussed include the status of Hindu refugees/displaced persons in the state, the National Register of Citizens, and the larger question of language and Assamese identity. It shows how with the new wave of immigrants being assimilated into the Assamese nationality, its transformation is underway and how this transformation itself throws up new challenges and equations.
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Dubino, Jeanne, Paulina Pajak, Catherine W. Hollis, Celiese Lypka, and Vara Neverow, eds. The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448475.001.0001.
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This book considers the global responses Woolf’s work has inspired and her worldwide impact. The 23 chapters address the ways Woolf is received by writers, publishers, academics, reading audiences, and students in countries around the world; how she is translated into multiple languages; and how her life is transformed into global contemporary biofiction. The 24 authors hail from regions around the world: West and East Europe, the Middle East/North Africa, North and South America, East Asia and the Pacific Islands. They write about Woolf’s reception in Ireland, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Russia, Egypt, Kenya, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, the United States, China, Japan and Australia. The Edinburgh Companion is dialogic and comparative, incorporating both transnational and local tendencies insofar as they epitomise Woolf’s global reception and legacy. It contests the ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ binary, offering new models for Woolf global studies and promoting cross-cultural understandings.