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Journal articles on the topic 'Regional Language Centre'
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1
Narayanan, R. Karthick. "Made in India SiDHELA Indias First Endangered Language Archive." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 40, no. 05 (November 4, 2020): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.40.05.16349.
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Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayan Endangered Languages Archive (SiDHELA) created by the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University is India’s first endangered language archive. This archive is part of the ongoing language documentation initiatives of the Centre funded by the University Grant Commission. The Centre, formally established in December 2016 aims for preservation and promotion of endangered languages in Sikkim and North Bengal. The Centre carries out documentation and description of the indigenous endangered languages of the region through linguistic and ethnographic fieldwork. SiDHELA conceptualised as a platform for a linguistic resource of the languages spoken in the region, houses the primary data collected through fieldwork. One of the main aims of this archive is to preserve the data for long term usage and dissemination. Central Library, Sikkim University hosts the archive under its digital library. Through this archive the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University seeks not just to preserve and protect but also to promote the use of endangered languages spoken in the region. This paper presents the journey of this archive from idea to reality. This paper outlines the motivation behind the conceptualisation of SiDHELA as a regional archive and then discusses its development. It includes discussion on the developmental platform, theoretical issues in the conceptualisation of the archive and practical challenges in its design and development and its prospects. This paper thus primarily intends to inform scholars and researchers working with endangered languages of the region about this archive and its development. Finally, it hopes to kindle interest among researchers and librarians for developments of more such regional archives.
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Wells, Naomi. "The linguistic capital of contested languages." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 2 (October 12, 2011): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.2.02wel.
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Political debate concerning the recognition of regional and minority languages has been the subject of much study in recent years. However, with the focus on separatist and/or nationalist forces, the centre-left has often been overlooked in such studies. In both Asturias in Spain and the Veneto in Italy, centre-left parties have taken a particularly ambivalent approach towards language revival policies, and the ideologies behind this approach merit further study. Drawing particularly on Bourdieu’s work, the author will consider how linguistic hierarchies and linguistic capital are reflected in centre-left discourse and actions concerning the respective local languages. This will shed light on the ambiguous role of the centre-left concerning language policy, and provide further insight into the compatibility of liberal and progressive politics with language revival policies.
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Giri, Ram Ashish. "Languages and language politics." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 3 (December 31, 2011): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.3.01gir.
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One of the most linguistically and culturally diversified countries in the world, Nepal is in the midst of linguistic and cultural chaos. Linguistic and cultural diversity itself is at its centre. One explanation for the sad situation is that the ruling elites, who have held power since Nepal’s inception in the eighteenth century, have conducted an invisible politics of privileging languages and of deliberately ignoring issues related to minority and ethnic languages to promote the languages of their choice. While this invisible politics of ‘unplanning’ of languages has been responsible for the loss of scores of languages, it has helped the elites to achieve ‘planned’ linguistic edge over the speakers of other languages. In the changed political climate, the Nepalese people have embarked upon a debate about what language policy the country should have and what roles and statuses should be accorded to the local/regional, national and international languages. The socio-political and linguistic context of the current language policy debate and the lack of a clear and consistent language policy allow the ruling elites to adopt an approach which in the existing situation does more harm than good.
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Tagwireyi, Dexter, Patience Chingombe, Star Khoza, and Mandy Maredza. "Pattern and Epidemiology of Poisoning in the East African Region: A Literature Review." Journal of Toxicology 2016 (2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8789624.
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The establishment and strengthening of poisons centres was identified as a regional priority at the first African regional meeting on the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) in June 2006. At this meeting, the possibility of a subregional poisons centre, that is, a centre in one country serving multiple countries, was suggested. The WHO Headquarters following consultation with counterparts at the WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) and the SAICM Africa Regional Focal Point successfully submitted a proposal to the SAICM Quick Start Programme (QSP) Trust Fund Committee for a feasibility study into a subregional poisons centre in the Eastern Africa subregion. However, before such a study could be conducted it was deemed necessary to carry out a literature review on the patterns and epidemiology of poisoning in this region so as to inform the feasibility study. The current paper presents the results of this literature review. The literature search was done in the months of June and July 2012 by two independent reviewers with no language or publication date restrictions using defined search terms on PUBMED. After screening, the eventual selection of articles for review and inclusion in this study was done by a third reviewer.
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de Grijs, Richard, Ziping Zhang, and Jinhua He. "The East Asian Regional Office of Astronomy for Development." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316003471.
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AbstractAt the 2012 General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the Office of Astronomy for Development announced a number of exciting new partnerships to assist with the IAU's decadal strategic plan (2010--2020). These landmark decisions included establishing a new coordinating centre that aims at using astronomy as a tool for development in East Asia. The agreement covers two important functions. One is known as a Regional Node, which entails the coordination of astronomy-for-development activities in countries within the general geographical region of East Asia. The other is known as a Language Expertise Centre which deals with all aspects relating to (mainly) the Chinese language and culture. The impact of the latter may obviously spread well beyond the geographical region to other parts of the world. Here we provide an update of the achievements and aims of the East Asian Office of Astronomy for Development.
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McLoughlin, J. B. "Centre or Periphery? Town Planning and Spatial Political Economy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 7 (July 1994): 1111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a261111.
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In this paper I argue that the debate about urban and regional planning is polarised into two competing ‘discourses’ of town planning and political economy. I assert that the language and concepts of town planning continue to take precedence in both the field of practice and in teaching and research and that this is a most unsatisfactory state of affairs. Town planners relegate urban and regional political economy to the periphery and place town planning at the centre. This is a conservative situation in that most town planning education places great emphasis on plans and very little on ‘how cities and regions work’. I recommend the abandonment of ‘planning’ education in favour of spatial political economy which might sit easiest in human geography.
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Llamazares, Iván, Hugo Marcos-Marne, and Javier Martín-Vallejo. "Peripheral identities in contemporary Spain." Ethnicities 17, no. 6 (December 9, 2015): 844–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796815620706.
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This article examines the individual and contextual factors affecting peripheral identifications in Spain. It does so by conducting multilevel statistical analyses on two surveys on regional and national identifications that were carried out by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas in 1996 and 2006, at two very different political conjunctures. At the individual level, these analyses show that peripheral identifications are strongly conditioned by language attributes (in particular by vernacular mother languages), by the place of birth of respondents and by left–right self-placements. At the aggregate level, only geographical distance from the national centre exerts a significant and consistent influence on peripheral identifications. Our analysis reveals also that the effects of language attributes and ideological orientations increased from 1996 to 2006, and suggests that contexts of polarisation regarding political–territorial issues strengthen the influence of linguistic characteristics and ideological orientations on peripheral identities.
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AUKSORIŪTĖ, Albina. "INFOTERM – Information Disseminating Centre for Terminology." Coactivity: Philology, Educology 22, no. 2 (December 19, 2014): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpe.2014.250.
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International Information Centre for Terminology (INFOTERM) was founded in 1971 by contract with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Austrian Standards Institute (ASI). In 1996, INFOTERM was reorganized and established as an independent non-profit organization. INFOTERM promotes and supports the cooperation of existing and the establishment of new terminology centres and networks with the general aim to improve domain communication, knowledge transfer and provision of content with view to facilitating the participation of all in the global multilingual knowledge society. The article presents not only a history of the foundation of INFOTERM, the tasks and activities of INFOTERM and its members, which are international, regional or national terminology institutions, organizations and networks, as well as specialized public or semi-public or other non-profit institutions engaged in terminological activities, but also analyses “Guidelines for terminology policies”, preparied by INFOTERM, and cooperation between INFOTERM and the Institute of the Lithuanian Language.In conclusion, the experience and sharing expertise of INFOTERM regarding harmonized methods and guidelines for terminology management and policies, the management of terminology centres, terminology standardization, the use of terminological data, methods and tools in all applications etc are very important for all countries and language communities especially for countries and language communities with less mature terminologies. The Institute of the Lithuanian Language as a member of INFOTERM has a possibility to get information on terminology research and training, terminology publications, terminological events and activities all over the world.
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Lundberg, Maria. "Regional National Autonomy and Minority Language Rights in the PRC." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 16, no. 3 (2009): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138819009x12474964197674.
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AbstractThe existing Chinese legal framework for the protection of minority language rights is challenged by the development of law for the promotion of the majority language. The Regional National Autonomy Law (RNAL) is a centre-piece in the protection of minority language rights having the aim of guaranteeing the rights of the minority nationalities to administer their internal affairs. However, despite that, the RNAL stipulates that the autonomous organs shall guarantee the freedom of the minority nationalities to use and develop their language, culture and traditions. The law- and decision-making powers of the autonomous organs are subject to the approval of higher level authorities under the rules of governance based on the principles of 'democratic centralism'. This research argues that, particularly in view of the legal developments to promote the majority language, the institutional framework of the RNAL cannot provide an effective procedural guarantee for the implementation of minority language rights in accordance with international human rights law. Nevertheless, this article propounds that since China has proclaimed that it is moving towards governance based on the principles of the rule of law and international human rights standards for the protection of minority language rights could have an influence in this transition by increasing the clarity of the aims of the protection of minority language rights. In accordance with these principles, the role of the autonomous organs could be strengthened and clarified by the adoption of regulations and specific measures for the implementation of the RNAL by central and provincial authorities.
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Kraeva, Irina, and Natalia Guermanova. "Language policy of the Russian Federation: searching for balance among 150 languages." European Journal of Language Policy: Volume 12, Issue 2 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ejlp.2020.8.
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The article presents an analysis of language legislation in the Russian Federation (RF), focusing on the laws adopted in Russia since the dissolution of the USSR up to the present time. It shows that language legislation in the RF reflects the changes in the balance of power between the central federal authorities and the constituent republics as the federal centre tried to ensure the unity of the state without antagonising ethnic minorities. The history of language legislation in the USSR and the RF reveals a “pendulum swing” pattern in which the focus on the rights of minority languages shifts to promoting Russian as a lingua franca to create a unified communicative space within the RF. Special emphasis is laid on the educational domain as educational issues proved to be an especially sensitive matter for Russian citizens. A case study of language policies in Tatarstan highlights the heated debates provoked by the latest initiatives concerning teaching regional languages, revealing problems encountered by lawmakers due to opposing priorities of stakeholders with different ethnic backgrounds.
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Gidengil, Elisabeth. "Class and Region in Canadian Voting: A Dependency Interpretation." Canadian Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (September 1989): 563–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900010957.
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AbstractThis study develops a dependency interpretation of the interplay between class and region in influencing Canadian voting. The weakness of any national class cleavage in voting is linked to the socially disintegrative effects of regional dependency. Class cleavages are notconsistentlymanifested in Canadian voting becauseconsistentclass interests are lacking. Log-linear analyses confirm that class does affect voting but this effect differs in both form and intensity depending on a region's location in the centre-periphery system. The impact of union membership and language on the interplay between class and region is also examined.
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Ditewig, Sanne, Anne-France Pinget, and Willemijn Heeren. "Regional variation in the pronunciation of /s/ in the Dutch language area." Nederlandse Taalkunde 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2019.2.003.dite.
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Abstract This paper reports on an explorative sociophonetic study of the phoneme /s/ in the Dutch language area. Our aim is to investigate the regional variation in the realisation of this phoneme, and to test experimentally the observation of Collins & Mees (2003) that /s/ is sometimes pronounced more like [ ], especially in the Randstad area (called s-retraction). One hundred native speakers of Dutch produced nineteen monosyllabic words containing /s/ in different syllabic contexts. The speakers were born and raised in one of five regions of the Dutch language area (West Flanders, Flemish Brabant, Netherlands Limburg, South Holland and Groningen). Spectral centre of gravity (CoG) and duration were used to measure the degree of s-retraction. CoG values turned out to be significantly lower (consistent with more retraction) in the regions in The Netherlands than in the Flemish regions. Speakers from South Holland produced significantly shorter /s/ than the other speakers. In conclusion, /s/ shows patterns of regional variation that are not fully in line with the observation forwarded by Collins & Mees (2003). The difference between the Flemish and Dutch regions shows that s-retraction is found in an area larger than the Randstad, possibly pointing towards a North-South pattern of variation.
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Ignatovich, Tatiana Yu, and Yulia V. Biktimirova. "The formation of the verbal morphogenesis norms and their usage in the regional business written variant of the Russian language in the XVII–XVIII centuries." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 3 (May 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.3-21.024.
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The аrticle is devoted to identification of features of verbal shaping in the language of the Transbaikal monuments of the business writing of the 17–18th centuries and to consideration of its alternativeness in aspect of formation of grammatical norms in synchronic opposition of the Russian of the center and the periphery and diachronic opposition of the Transbaikal speech usage of the 17–18th centuries and the modern period. It is established that in the majority of the Transbaikal business documents the happened transition to the new system of verbal forms of an infinitive, time in an indicative mood is noted. In general features of the use of new and archaic verbal forms are caused by a complex of factors, in particular a document genre, banality of his structural components, the nature of the stated events, reflection of the dialect phenomena from the Transbaikal colloquial usage of that time is less often shown. The comparative analysis of verbal forms of of regional business written ususes of the 17–18th centuries revealed in verb formation and use in the business monuments of Nerchinsk, Transbaikalia normalizators trends, General trends emerging written business language in the centre and a number of Russian regions. The processes of unification follow the General Russian trend towards unification in the system of verbal formation. The results of this research supplement and expand scientific information on language morphological processes in the formed standard business language in the center and regional options.
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Lutz, Angelika. "Norse Loans in Middle English and their Influence on Late Medieval London English." Anglia 135, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 317–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2017-0028.
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AbstractMost of the Norse legal and administrative terms attested in Old English were replaced by equivalents from the French superstrate soon after the Norman Conquest, whereas a remarkable number of more basic terms are known to have become part of the very basic vocabulary of modern Standard English. This paper focuses on Norse lexical loans that survived during and beyond the period of French rule and became part of this basic vocabulary. It explores (1) the regional and textual conditions for the survival of such loans and (2) their expansion into late medieval London English and into the emerging standard language. Based on selective textual evidence it is argued that they were not quite as basic originally, that they typically survived and developed in regional centres far away from the French-dominated court, and eventually infiltrated the area in and around late medieval London owing to its growing attraction as an economic and intellectual centre. Both the survival of Norse loans and their later usage expansion are shown to be in harmony with the principles of comparative contact linguistics.
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Schlegl, Lisa, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. "‘How do you get to Tim Hortons?’ Direction-giving in Ontario dialects." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 66, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2020.34.
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AbstractIn this study, we target the speech act of direction-giving using variationist sociolinguistic methods within a corpus of vernacular speech from six Ontario communities. Not only do we find social and geographical correlates to linguistic choices in direction-giving, but we also establish the influence of the physical layout of the community/place in question. Direction-giving in the urban center of Toronto (Southern Ontario) contrasts with five Northern Ontario communities. Northerners use more relative directions, while Torontonians use more cardinal directions, landmarks, and proper street names – for example, Go east on Bloor to the Manulife Centre. We also find that specific lexical choices (e.g., Take a right vs. Make a right) distinguish direction-givers in Northern Ontario from those in Toronto. These differences identify direction-giving as an ideal site for sociolinguistic and dialectological investigation and corroborate previous findings documenting regional variation in Canadian English.
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Tivadar, Hotimir. "Codification of the spoken language : an example of contemporary Slovene." Linguistica 52, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.52.1.337-348.
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The Slovene language is often presented as a national element. Even in the 19th century, which saw the Spring of Nations and the United Slovenia project, the Slovene language was a constitutive element of the Slovene nation. In the meantime, the Slovene language was positioning itself as an all-Slovene language, trying to be supra-regional. By the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Slovene written language had stabilized, while at the same time the spoken language had only begun to assert itself. During this time, the prevailing principle was to "speak the way the language is written." In the mid-20th century, the theoretical idea of a literary language that is based on the central Slovene-speech (i.e. the speech of Ljubljana) came to dominate. In the third millennium, the question is whether a regionally-defined speech can be used as the basis for a Standard language. Another central question is what this "suitable" regionally-conditioned speech would be like. The principle of how important, decision-wise, the centre of a nation is, when it comes to questions of linguistic norms, may seem very attractive and, to a certain extent, logical. However, even examples of historically and linguistically comparable languages do not support the theory of creating the norm for the Standard Slovene language, based on the contemporary speech of Ljubljana, as claimed by Toporišič in Slovenska slovnica and, later, in Slovenski pravopis. Within Slovenia, the Standard Slovene language is tied to written language, which has proven, in the past, to be a suitable way of setting the norm. Regressing back to the principles of standardising a language, based on regional variants, would be unproductive, would introduce needless discord, and would cause problems with everyday, public communication. Contemporary research of actual speech, a portion of which is also presented within this article, confirms the all-Slovene and regionally-independent character of the Slovene Standard language.
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Gordon, Moragh, Tino Oudesluijs, and Anita Auer. "Supralocalisation Processes in Early Modern English Urban Vernaculars." International Journal of English Studies 20, no. 2 (October 19, 2020): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes.385171.
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This article contributes to existing studies that are concerned with standardisation and supralocalisation processes in the development of written English during the Early Modern English period. By focussing on and comparing civic records and letter data from important regional urban centres, notably Bristol, Coventry and York, from the period 1500–1700, this study provides new insight into the gradual emergence of supralocal forms. More precisely, the linguistic variables under investigation are third person indicative present tense markers (singular and plural). The findings of this study reveal that each urban centre shows a unique distribution pattern in the adoption of supralocal -(V)s singular and plural zero. Furthermore, verb type as well as text type appear to be important language internal and external factors respectively.
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Douglas, Dan. "Developments in Language Testing." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 15 (March 1995): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002671.
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In many ways, the year 1990 represented a watershed in language testing. In that year, the 12th annual Language Testing Research Colloquium took as its theme “A new decade of language testing research: Collaboration and cooperation.” The 1990 Colloquium was also dedicated to the memory of Michael Canale, whose work during the previous decade laid the groundwork for much of that of the 1990s. In 1990, a seminar sponsored by the Regional Language Centre in Singapore, on Language Testing and Programme Evaluation, focused on many of the problems in the field of language testing that militated against the hoped for progress of the 1980s. At both of these meetings, and at others involving language testing that year, discussions were held concerning the formation of an international professional association of language testers. The result was the formation of the International Language Testing Association in 1992. Also in 1990, a language testing computer “bulletin board,” LTEST-L, was established on Listserv, so that the international community of language testing researchers and practitioners could hold electronic “conferences” and share information and data on a world-wide basis. Finally, a number of important books on language testing were published in 1990, including works by Bachman, Davies, Heaton, and Weir, which have already had an influence on language testing research and development in the first half of the decade.
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Toh, Glenn. "Teaching Writing in Rural Thailand: Considering New Perspectives." TESL Canada Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v17i2.892.
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This article reports on a practical writing workshop for Thai teachers of English in a rural Thai setting. The teachers were participants in a Certificate in TEFL course sponsored by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA and taught by the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization, Regional Language Centre (SEAMEO RELC). The genre approach to teaching writing is proposed as a way of helping teachers look beyond structural elements like vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling. The social functions and language choices of three important genres of writing, Description, Anecdote, and News Item, are examined in the article. The principles and practices may be generalizable to similar situations, that is, places where English is taught as a foreign language.
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Tierney, Len, and Meryl McDowell. "Child Welfare: Reception Centres, Regionalization, and Deinstitutionalization." Children Australia 15, no. 1 (1990): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200002522.
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Between 1972 - 1980, eighteen regional offices were opened by state welfare authorities in Victoria, with the long term prospect that a comprehensive set of programmes would be developed in each region. This is part of an extensive policy change in which the reception of children into care will proceed by more diverse and local arrangements. Safe custody options already include small residential units and foster care and the very term “reception centre” is no longer part of official language. Substantial progress has been made along these lines and of the two central reception centres, Allambie (25-150 residents) is in the process of being closed and Baltara (45-70 residents) is to be redeveloped. In the most recently published planning documents redevelopment of these facilities had been anticipated by December 1990.1 However, not a great deal is known about the population of these two centres, about reception processes and why some children proceed quickly through the process and others do not. This paper examines the present status of reception centres in Victoria and reports upon a preliminary study of the reception centre population for the period 1986-1987. An argument is made that there is a case for revising reception policy and practice not only in existing centres but, in proposed new facilities and for giving more attention to services, for children and families who present with unusual difficulties.
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Wolf, L., and B. Goldberg. "Autistic Children Grow Up: An Eight to Twenty-Four Year Follow-Up Study." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 6 (August 1986): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100613.
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Eighty questionnaires were sent to parents and/or caregivers of autistic persons diagnosed between 1960–73 at CPRI, a regional assessment and treatment centre. The objective was to determine their present place of residence, functioning ability, language development, program involvement, and seizure activity. The results of this study support evidence that more than 50 percent require long-term institutional care; almost one-third suffer epileptic seizures; there is a persistence of symptoms and difficulty in gaining useful speech; few live independently or are capable of employment.
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McArthur, Tom. "Singapore, grammar, and the teaching of ‘internationally acceptable English’." English Today 20, no. 4 (September 24, 2004): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078404004031.
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A consideration of the place of, and options for, explicitly teaching grammar to learners of English as an international language. A development of the opening address given at a conference on the teaching of grammar at the Regional Language Centre (RELC) in Singapore in November 2003. The key issue of the conference was whether the English-language skills of Singaporean school leavers would be improved through a revival of explicit and formal grammar teaching in the Lion City's 21st-century classrooms. The paper addresses this issue in both current and historical terms, going back indeed, at the end, to the beginnings of Western-style grammar teaching among the Greeks. While doing this, however, it also considers the nature and role of what the Singaporean government takes to be the proper target for its future citizens: speaking and writing an internationally acceptable English.
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Caron, David D., and Frank Hoffmeister. "Podkolzina v. Latvia. App. No. 46726/99." American Journal of International Law 97, no. 3 (July 2003): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3109852.
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Podkolzinav. Latvia. App. No. 46726/99. At <http://www.echr.coe.int/Eng/Judgments.htm>. European Court of Human Rights, April 9, 2002.In Podkolzina v. Latvia, the European Court of Human Rights held that Latvia violated the applicant's right to stand as a candidate for parliamentary elections, as set out in Article 3 of Protocol No. I to the European Convention on Human Rights in striking the applicant off the list of registered candidates due to allegedly inadequate language skills. The Court ordered Latvia to pay 9,000 for nonpecuniary damages and for costs and expenses.The applicant, a member of the Russian-speaking minority in Latvia, acquired an official language certificate in January 1997. The certificate was issued by a regional board of the State Language Centre, composed of five examiners. On the basis of written and oral examinations that were evaluated in accordance with criteria and levels of competence defined by legal regulations, the five-member board certified that Podkolzina's command of the Latvian language corresponded to the “third level.”
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Donehue, Tracey E. "Displacement identity in transit." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 40, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 218–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.17019.don.
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Abstract Based on Darvin and Norton’s (2015) reconceptualization of identity theory highlighting the recursive relationship between identity, capital, and ideology, this study posits that refugee and asylum seeker adolescents and adults in transit on Nauru are ascribed a ‘displacement identity’ through externally imposed normative ideologies. In addressing the issue of normative ideologies, this article draws on my experience as an English as an Additional Language (EAL) teacher at the Nauru Regional [refugee] Processing Centre and employs KhosraviNik’s (2010a) systematic model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to explore the representations of ‘displacement’ inherent in a corpus of texts accessed by those displaced on Nauru. This analysis suggests that an externally ascribed displacement identity is evident in normative ideologies. As Darvin and Norton’s identity theory situates language learning investment at the dynamic intersection of identity, capital, and ideology, further qualitative research on internally inhabited displacement identity formation and symbolic capital affordances is now required. Such research would aid in the development of pedagogical approaches to enable education in sites of transitory settlement to be a re-humanising and transformative experience that engages marginalized language learners, promotes positive identities and thus optimizes language learning investment.
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Pošeiko, Solvita. "SPACE CATEGORY IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF LATGALE REGION." Via Latgalica, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2012.4.1688.
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<p>The space is a significant parameter of world’s existence, and a component making human’s experience and the view of the world; any culture’s understanding of the underlying principles of world’s formation, human’s place and purpose within it is associated with it. Language signs of the linguistic landscape are one of the external factors promoting and influencing formation of the world and its feeling, as well as territorial identity, overcoming or narrowing geographical and psychological borders.</p><p>The object of the research – a category of the space in the linguistic landscape of four administrative- territorial units – Daugavpils, Rēzekne, Līvani cities and Vārkava district, the object – language signs with a word or word compound explicitly expressing space.</p><p>The aim of the research – to find out how and with which language means language signs with additional space indications make concepts on space and feeling of identity to a certain area in Latgale regional linguistic landscape.</p><p>A method of the linguistic landscape was used to collect data, a content analysis was important for data selection; post-structural and descriptive methods were applied to develop the research.</p><p>Basic categories of the space within the context of the linguistic landscape are as follows: language space, information space, geographical space and public space, as the existence of the language signs are not possible outside them. The selected language signs confirm that words and word compounds representing real and mythical space are additionally given in the linguistic landscape of Latgale region.</p><p>The most significant conclusions:</p><p>1. The most often used words expressing space in the linguistic landscape of the research areal are: nomenclature words – a centre, a shop, a bank, a salon, a pharmacy, a school – and place-name Latgale (all of them are mentioned more than 20 times). The most involved words in making word compounds – a centre, and a salon (e. g., Centre of Friends; Fortunetelling Salon, Salon of Alcoholic Drinks).</p><p>2. The language signs expressing actual space are predominant – house-names (e. g., a shop, a bank, a pharmacy, a bar, etc.) related to the public and material area, and place-names (Latgale, Rēzekne, Vārkava, Daugavpils, Līvani). A choice of house-names suggests that human needs, desires and opportunities to meet them are set as a primary issue; money circulation is the main criterion for movement through the space. Usage of place-names, in its turn, proves that the larger is the territorial unit, the more seldom it is additionally emphasized in the language signs.</p><p>3. Features characterizing mythical space – polycentrism – creation of several centres and a sign even in the level of one street (e. g., there are pharmacies of 2 different companies the „Pharmacy Centre of Līvāni” in Rīga Street in Līvāni); worlds or lands of self-made goods or services (e. g., Photo World, Health Island, Alkoland, etc.); usage of words related to the celestial area – „above” (e. g., Moon Pharmacy, Sun Store, Cloud, Star Bookstore, etc.). Focusing on oneself, and things that are familiar, close and secure.</p>
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Mariri, Cecilie Butenschøn. "Searcwl and the Women's Law Collection, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Legal Information 32, no. 2 (2004): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500004200.
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The Southern and Eastern African Regional Centre for Women's Law – SEARCWL - (in daily language just called the Women's Law Centre) is an institute under the Faculty of Law, University of Zimbabwe (UZ). It all started way back in the late 1980'ies when the Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD) sponsored diploma courses in women's law for participants from Africa, at the University of Oslo. The first three courses were held in Oslo, but then the venue was moved to the University of Zimbabwe, and through the 1990'ies more than a hundred scholars have passed through the diploma courses. From February 2003, a masters degree program has been running with 28 students from 10 different countries (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe). From mid-June until the end of August we had an additional 19 students, so-called “upgraders” – i.e. ex-diploma students upgrading their diploma to a Masters degree.
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Roth, Dik. "Lebensraum in Luwu : Emergent identity, migration and access to land." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 161, no. 4 (2009): 485–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003705.
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The downfall of the Soeharto regime has radically changed power relations between centre and region in Indonesia. Decentralization and administrative fragmentation (pemekaran), based on Government Regulation 129/2000, have created new opportunities for political actors at all levels. As a result, from the late 1990s, regional autonomy movements have mushroomed. These changes in administrative structures often entail a radical reshuffle of relationships, patterns of control over resources, identities, territories and boundaries. Therefore, such changes can only be understood against the background of their specific historical contexts, paying attention not only to the changes but also to the ‘changing continuities’ (Schulte-Nordholt 2003) behind such changes.
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Azhari, Meidah, and Widyastutik Widyastutik. "DETERMINAN DAN EKUIVALEN TARIF IMPOR JASA FINANSIAL DAN ASURANSI NEGARA RCEP." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v10i2.61.
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Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) merupakan bentuk kerjasama yang diinisiasi ASEAN pada tahun 2012. Jasa finansial dan asuransi merupakan salah satu sektor jasa yang memiliki peran penting terhadap stabilitas perekonomian dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi impor jasa finansial dan asuransi serta melakukan estimasi ekuivalen tarif untuk melihat seberapa besar hambatan dalam perdagangan jasa pada masing-masing negara RCEP. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan gravity model dengan analisis regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data dasar Global Trade Analysis Projects (GTAP) dan Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDB, jarak, bahasa, dan sejarah kolonial signifikan memengaruhi impor. Estimasi ekuivalen tarif menunjukkan bahwa Selandia Baru, Filipina, RRT, India, dan Korea Selatan merupakan negara yang memiliki hambatan perdagangan paling tinggi. Kesamaan bahasa dan sejarah kolonial merupakan faktor yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap perdagangan. Untuk itu perlu adanya upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penggunaan bahasa asing serta menjalin hubungan yang baik antara negara yang memiliki kesamaan sejarah kolonial. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a framework agreement which was initiated by ASEAN on 2012. Financial and insurance service is a service sector which has an important role in the world economic stability.The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of import in financial and insurance services and to estimate tariff equivalent in each member of RCEP. This study employs Gravity model approach with regression analysis of panel data.The data were obtained from Global Trade Analysis Projects (GTAP) and Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales(CEPII).The results indicate that GDP, distance, common language, and common colony have a significant effect on import. The estimation of tariff equivalent shows that New Zealand, Philippines, China, India, and South Korea are countries with the highest trade barriers. This study concludes that the similarities of language and historical background among countries are the factors that have the highest influence in trade.Therefore, increasing the use of foreign language and establishing better relationships between countries with the same colonial history are crucial to be done.
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Dvorkina, Margarita Y. "Development Trends of the Organizational Structure of Service Management in the Regional Libraries of the Russian Federation." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 67, no. 1 (April 22, 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2018-67-1-16-22.
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Publications devoted to the organizational structure of library and information services are analysed. It is shown how the organizational structure of services has historically changed; in what periods, in addition to the Reading room, there appeared Lending department, Extension library service, Reference and bibliographic division, Mass work department, Media library, Center for legal and social information, Remote library service, etc. There are proved the reasons caused the emergence of new structural divisions: changes in society and culture, growth of the number of users, increase in demand for separate types of documents, etc. There are presented characteristic features of structuring within library and information services: the category of users, the form of service provided and terms of receiving the service, the area or subject of documents, the type of documents, the language of the document text, the function performed by the employee. The analysis of structure of library and information services of 55 regional libraries of the Russian Federation is presented. There are compared the structures of these libraries in 1980 and now. It is shown that changes in the structure of library and information services are associated with the use of modern information and communication technologies, certain steps in humanization of society in relation to people with disabilities and other socially vulnerable groups of the population, with the aim to preserve the tradition of reading, regional culture, culture of small peoples, as well as the need to attract a significant number of people to the library as an information and cultural centre, and to make it attractive for the young people.
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Hassane, Moulaye. "Qur'anic Exegesis in Niger: A Songhay-Zarma Oral Commentary on Sūrat al-Baqara." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15, no. 3 (October 2013): 184–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2013.0117.
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The city of Saayi (Say), Niger has played an important role in the regional development of Islam from the early nineteenth century onwards. This paper traces its history and the biography of the founder, using the available written and oral sources, while also describing its role as a contemporary religious centre. The Qur'an is commented on in local languages both in the context of traditional advanced religious education and in Ramaḍān. The intellectual sources, language and ritual dimensions of enunciation of these oral commentaries are analysed, as are the ceremonies specific to Ramaḍān. Although Say was founded by Fulfulde-speaking scholars, reflecting the general cultural and social evolution of the city and its area, for the past 50 years, the Qur'an commentary in the Friday mosque has been given in Songhay-Zarma. While these commentaries are essentially based on recognised Arabic ones, their language makes some reference to the images and concepts of local Songhay-Zarma culture. The linguistic features and substantive content of Songhay-Zarma oral tafsīr are illustrated by two excerpts, each presenting several verses of Sūrat al-Baqara: one is drawn from a full tafsīr collected in Say in 1968, at the initiative of the well-known statesman and man of letters Boubou Hama; the other was collected in the Zarma country in 1905–6.
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Jarošová, Alexandra. "Prítomnosť češtiny na Slovensku a aspekt spisovnosti." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2016-0008.
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Abstract The paper aims at giving a retrospective view of the presence of Czech in Slovakia through prism of the concepts language situation, communication situations and standardness. Within the conditions of the feudal heterogeneity of the Hungarian Monarchy and without any distinct cultural and political centre of the Slovaks, in a situation of considerable dialectal variety, the Czech language fulfilled the role of a comprehensible and within the whole society (among educated Slovaks) valid and relatively unified written form of the “local language” (lingua vernacula). In the 14th and the 15th centuries this Czech got only relatively little Slovakized. During the 16th and the 17th centuries two mutually overlapping tendencies of the development of the written language of the Slovaks were being formed: 1. Slovakized Czech, or a Slovak-version Czech, and 2. Regional Variants of Cultural Slovak. Both tendencies found their place in the Catholic as well as in the Protestant environment. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, with continuation into the beginnings of the 19th century, two directions that started to be formed already in the previous period, became crystalized: 1. Under the influence of the progressing re-Catholicization, the Slovakized Czech of the Protestants undertook the direction from diglossia towards “pure” Czech (at least in the sense of an intention), and the Protestant circles unequivocally accepted it as their standard language, sometimes denoting it as reč československá (Czechoslovak language) or českoslovenčina (the Czechoslovak); 2. In the Catholic environment, the cultural Western Slovak of the southern type and called bernolákovčina (Bernolák‘s Slovak) was codified, with the status of an autonomous standard language – a development away form diglossia towards Slovak. It was a period of two standard languages to which Štúr’s codification of Slovak put an end. His codification was based on the northern Central Slovak dialects, and after its modification in the so called opravená slovenčina (“corrected Slovak”) it was accepted by the representatives of both confessions.
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Laužikas, Rimvydas, Costis Dallas, Suzie Thomas, Ingrida Kelpšienė, Isto Huvila, Pedro Luengo, Helena Nobre, Marina Toumpouri, and Vykintas Vaitkevičius. "Archaeological Knowledge Production and Global Communities: Boundaries and Structure of the Field." Open Archaeology 4, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2018-0022.
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Abstract Archaeology and material cultural heritage enjoys a particular status as a form of heritage that, capturing the public imagination, has become the locus for the expression and negotiation of regional, national, and intra-national cultural identities. One important question is: why and how do contemporary people engage with archaeological heritage objects, artefacts, information or knowledge outside the realm of an professional, academically-based archaeology? This question is investigated here from the perspective of theoretical considerations based on Yuri Lotman’s semiosphere theory, which helps to describe the connections between the centre and peripheries of professional archaeology as sign structures. The centre may be defined according to prevalent scientific paradigms, while periphery in the space of creolisation in which, through interactions with other culturally more distant sign structures, archaeology-related nonprofessional communities emerge. On the basis of these considerations, we use collocation analysis on representative English language corpora to outline the structure of the field of archaeology-related nonprofessional communities, identify salient creolised peripheral spaces and archaeology-related practices, and develop a framework for further investigation of archaeological knowledge production and reuse in the context of global archaeology.
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Gupta, Anthea Fraser. "Marketing the voice of authenticity: a comparison of Ming Cher and Rex Shelley." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 9, no. 2 (May 2000): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394700000900204.
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In 1995 two novels by Singaporean writers were published. Ming Cher’s Spider Boys, a first novel, was published by Penguin in New Zealand, while Rex Shelley’s Island in the Centre was published in Singapore by the regional publisher, Times Books. The marketing of both implied that they were authentic voices of Singapore. The varieties of English used and represented in the two novels are compared to the varieties of English attested in sociolinguistic studies of Singapore. Shelley’s novel represents Singapore English in a way that allows a readership familiar with Singapore to relate the characters to their sociolinguistic setting, and it has a Singaporean readership as its major target. Cher’s novel has a non-Singaporean readership as its primary target and is written throughout in a variety of English that results from Cher’s experiences as a learner of English, mediated by editors. The novels are used to illustrate concepts of authenticity in representation of language and in marketing strategies.
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Frėjutė-Rakauskienė, Monika. "The Role of Voluntary Organisations in Constructing the Common Identity and Mobilising of Polish Community in Southeastern Lithuania." Polish Political Science Review 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppsr-2015-0026.
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Abstract This paper is based on a series of qualitative (semi-structured) interviews conducted by the author with representatives of Polish civic organisations in southeastern Lithuania (the towns of Eišiškės, Jašiūnai, Pabradė, Šalčininkai, Švenčionys, Švenčionėliai, and Turgeliai). Data was collected from January 2013 to June 2014 as part of a research project to investigate ethnic, civic, regional, and local identities of ethnic minorities in southeastern Lithuania. The project was carried out by the Institute for Ethnic Studies at the Lithuanian Social Research Centre and was funded by the Research Council of Lithuania. The paper discusses the role of voluntary organisations operating in Southeastern Lithuania in mobilising the Polish community. The author investigates the activity of Polish organisations as they maintain and construct the identity (ethnic, civic, local and regional) of local community. Part of the research strategy is to recognise the content and means by which these organisations appeal to collective memory to create and affirm Polish identity. An analysis of interview data shows that the activities of organisations predominantly target the Polish community and their aims are to promote and foster Polish culture, language, and history. The Polish civic and political organisations and their leaders play active roles in identity building and mobilising the Polish Community in southeastern Lithuania. Referencing and recalling collective memories of the Polish ethnic group is an important tool for building a collective identity that lack local and regional dimensions.
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Geržotaitė, Laura. "Research of the images of standard Lithuanian in an area of the standard language: the case of Kaunas district gymnasium." Lietuvių kalba, no. 13 (December 20, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2019.22483.
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The present study explores the images of standard Lithuanian of young people at a gymnasium located in the area of the standard language. The data were obtained from a questionnaire based on the methodological principles of perceptual dialectology. The image of the standard language in the consciousness of the respondents emerges from the analysis of the questionnaire data: the frequency of linguistic codes, the mental maps of the standard language areas, and associations of the standard language. The analysis of the data shows that the gymnasium students tend to distance themselves from the regional linguistic code. The respondents’ disassociation from the local variety and their stronger preference for the code of the standard language is probably related to their sense of language security in the area of the linguistic homeland (including that of the standard language). The mental maps show that the young people associate the standard Lithuanian with the larger or smaller area of central Lithuania, which includes cities (Kaunas, Vilnius), adjacent non-dialect areas (Jonava, Kaišiadorys), and one or two dialect zones; it nearly overlaps the area of the standard language delineated in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Vilnius is the part of this image – probably of its status of the capital city and a significant social, cultural, and urban centre of attraction. The gymnasium students think that speakers of the standard language are city dwellers first and foremost, while the mental connection between the code of standard language and education occurs less often. Such views might have emerged due to the location of the city – hence that of the respondents’ linguistic homeland. Identifying the standard language user as an ordinary person or a Lithuanian could most likely be explained by the fact that the standard language is not only a national language to the young people: it is also an equivalent of their linguistic code. The gymnasium students do not associate the standard language with linguistic norms (the correct use of language). The consistency of the young generation’s attitudes (both those visualised on the maps and verbalised in the questionnaire answers) suggests the high value of the variety spoken in the area they associate with the standard language. The results of the study provide insights into the functioning, vitality, and continuity of the standard language in this area.
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Joachimiak-Prażanowska, Joanna. "Rusycyzmy w „Kurierze Wileńskim” (1925–1939)." Acta Baltico-Slavica 34 (August 31, 2015): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2010.009.
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Russicisms in „Kurier Wileński” (1925–1939)The article occurs to be the analysis of Russicisms excerpted from “Kurier Wileński”, a common known newspaper addressed to a wide group of Polish people residing in Vilnius. The daily newspaper was one of the longest revealing Polish papers at the Vilnius Region. It was also edited during the whole two decades of interwar. The gathered lexical phenomenon of the years 1925–1939 became confronted with the Polish and Russian resources of definition and translation dictionaries. As the comparative source one used also the etymological dictionaries and language guides.The author has noted 100 borrowings from Russian language. There were 36 lexemes in ethnic Polish language of the annexed territory period, 11 units (bojar, lejtenant, podniesienie, spotkać, tarakan, tuziemiec, uradnik, uriadnik, wojłok, wypisać, żulik) functioned in Polish used in the Northern Borderland in twenty-year interwar period, 31 words were registered in the afterwar Vilnian Polish language. In the 20s the editors of the examined paper introduced in inverted commas several Russicisms, indicating that they know their peculiarity. In the 30s in “Kurier Wileński” one found many more such units. The editors more and more often distanced themselves from the regional lexis, which may indicate the growth of their language conciousness resulting from the contacts with the Polish language with the centre, as well as, the local care of language clarity and correctness. One may deduct that, as the years went by, the language of “Kurier Wileński” editors was becoming, though very slowly, purified of regional borrowings. Русские заимствования в газете „Kurier Wileński” (1925–1939)В статье проведен анализ заимствований из русского языка, появившихся в газете „Kurier Wileński”, предназначенной широкому кругу читателей – поляков, проживающих в Вильнюсе. Эта газета отличалась самым длительным существованием среди других изданий прессы. Она издавалась почти весь двадцатилетний междувоенный период.Собранный лексический материал (1925–1939 годов) сопоставлен с польскими и русскими описательными словарями. Для сравнения использовались также этнологические словари и языковедческие справочники.Автор статьи выделил 100 заимствований из русского языка. Из них 36 лексем употреблялось в польском языке периода раздела на территории этнической Польши. 11 единиц (bojar, lejtnant, podniesienie, spotkać, tarakan, tuziemiec, uradnik, wojłok, wypisać, żulik) употреблялось в междувоенное двадцатилетие на северо-востоке страны (виленщина), 31 слов отмечено в послевоенном виленском польском языке. В тридцатые годы редакторы исследованной газеты несколько десятков русских заимствований записали в кавычках, чем подчеркивали, что они осознают характер данных слов. В сороковые годы в газете появилось еще больше таких единиц, а это обозначает, что редакторы избегали употпебления диалектной лексики, что, в свою очередь свилетельствует о повышении их языкового сознания, благодяря контактам с языком центра страны, а также о заботе о безупречности языка.Можно утверждать, что язык редакторов газеты „Kurier Wileński” медленно, но и постепенно очищался от местных нелитературных единиц.
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Řezník, Miloš. "Symboliczne i mityczne góry Kaszubów. Ich rola w kulturze i literaturze kaszubskiej od XIX wieku do okresu międzywojennego." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 10 (May 25, 2017): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.10.5.
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The symbolic and mythical mountains of the Kashubians. Their role in Kashubian culture and literature from the 19th century till the inter-war periodThe geographical location within the Kashubian region is of particular significance for the symbolic role of mountains and hills in the regional identity building. The most important of them, described in the literature and journalistic writings, are to be found in the current Kashubian language area, mostly in its geographical centre, primarily in Kashubian Switzerland and Kashubian Lake District. The exception is Rowokół, which is not located centrally. This mountain symbolically marks the border of the area in which the Kashubian language is used and which was settled by the Kashubians in the modern period. It even symbolises a retreat of the language as well as the decline of the Slovincian language. However, it is this particular mountain which since the 19th century has been associated with relatively new content mixed with older religious and folk tradition.The mountains and hills appearing in the Kashubian literature in 1880–1930 probably never existed only for themselves and in themselves. They were always part of a broader picture of Kashubia. The contribution offers a typology of four groups of symbolic relevant hills and mountains, accordingly to their function in the Kashubian discourse and tradition: 1. abstract imagination of a “hilly landscape” as typical for the Kashubian country; 2. groups of hills with similar names and connected to similar folklore or literary traditions; 3. unique mountains with special significance for the all-Kashubian discourse; 4. hills as Kashubian places of pilgrimage.
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Ramlie, Habibah @. Artini, and Norshahrul Marzuki Mohd Nor. "ISLAMIC CIVILISATION AND ASIAN CIVILISATION (TITAS) COURSE AS A MEDIUM FOR THE INCULCATION OF ETHNIC TOLERANCE IN UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH: A NEEDS ANALYSIS." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 35 (June 5, 2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.535009.
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The Islamic Civilisation and Asian Civilisation (TITAS) course is offered as a compulsory subject in Malaysian institutions of higher learning (IHL) to expose undergraduates to the world and regional civilization history. In addition, it is aimed at inculcating ethnic tolerance among university students in aspects of diversity relevant to the context of Malaysia with its diverse races, ethnicities, and religions. This study sought to investigate the effectiveness of the TITAS course in Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) as a medium for the inculation of ethnic tolerance and also to identify the necessity of continuing to offer TITAS as a liberal course in the Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning (PPIB) in Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The survey method was utilized and a questionnaire that had been adapted to suit the research objectives administered to 475 undergraduates enrolled in the TITAS course during their first year of studies. Descriptive analysis of the findings suggested that TITAS should be continued in PPIB so as to maintain its role as a medium for the inculcation of ethnic tolerance among undergraduates.
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Putra, Wahyu Hanafi. "Diglosia Bahasa Arab Pesantren dan Upaya Pemertahanan Bahasa Daerah." QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama 9, no. 02 (October 25, 2017): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v9i02.366.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the diglossia of Arabic pesantren and its influence on regional language defense, as well as providing a resolution to the pesantren in maintaining the regional language. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The result of this research is that the existence of diglossia Arabic pesantren which is done consistently can influence the defense of local language of speech in pesantren. The solution for pesantren in maintaining the regional languages is to establish a language center, reschedule language activities, hold language festivals, give appreciation and cultivate a sense of pride towards its speakers.
Keywords: Diglossia, Arabic Language, Pesantren, Regional Language
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Njadat, Abdelsalam, and Ahmad Aref Al Kafarneh. "American Policy torwards Minorities in the Arab World: A Case Study." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v6i2.9371.
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Minorities subject is one of the ignored subjects in the Arab world and is surrounded with a great deal of conservation accompanied with clear efforts to minimize or spell any existing type of this problem where states in the Arab world are still based on tribal and regional basis, which resulted in the interest and care in minorities subject and the foreign intervention and the immersion of most minorities in resistance movements against margination and annulation with the aim of being recognized as partners in the country.Minorities in the Arab world can be divided into the following types([1]).(1) Non Arabic linguistics Minorities: Groups that don't use Arabic language as mother language in their daily transactions such as leurds, Armans, Arams, Serian, Turkmans, Shakas, Jews, Nigro, Nobions and Baraberian Tribes.(2) Non Muslim religion Minorities: Consisting of Christians Jews and other religion groups such as yazeedis, paganism, to taling for (20) million persons.(3) Non sounnitti Islamic groups; imami shiat (lthnay A shriah), Zaydis, ismailis, Durs, Alawyeen, and Abathyah khawarej.(4) Non Arabic and Non Muslim Minorities: those minorities that differ from Arab world habitants in terms of language, religion, and descent such as Migros and paganism minorities in the south of Sudan.Minorities represent one of the most important problems threatening state's national and regional unit, which opens the door for foreign intervention in the state national affairs, politically, economically, or military which will result in threatening internal stability.Given that united nations in it, current shape represent power relations distribution in the modern global order (system), these powers might Kurds those declaration issued by UN calling for the respect of human and minority rights to intervene in those countries internal affairs under various names such as humanistic intervention given the political and international usage towards human rights issues to control resistant or outlaw countries and the titles of human rights.The united states as a unipolar, started recently, adopting minorities and human rights issues as part of political requirements, that determine its foreign policy towards this countries or that, according to the way it deals with its minorities. But the proven thing is that the American intervention in minorities affairs has political objectives including its countries policies to be in accordance with American political requirements, and this intervention takes many various linds including military intervention in those countries in which USA has supreme interests and once these interests are secured, withdraw and left those minorities alone([2]).[1] sa'edeldin, Ibrahim, Reflections on minorities Question, Cairo, Ibn – khaldon center, (1992), pp. 73 – 132.[2] sa'edeldin, Ibrahim, AL-milal walnahal walarag minorities concerns in the Arab world, Cairo, Ibn khaldun centre, 1994, pp, 740 – 749.
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Malahovskis, Vladislavs. "MANIFESTATION OF LATGALIAN IDENTITY IN EXILE." Via Latgalica, no. 5 (December 31, 2013): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2013.5.1644.
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The article deals with some aspects of Latgalian identity and perception in exile, their origin and main key issues. At the end of the Second World War about 120,000 - 140,000 residents of Latvia found their asylum in the West. About 7,000 of them were Latgalians. Despite their common sense of belonging to lost Latvia, common aspirations for freedom and independence of a Latvian state, Latvian intelligentsia was not united in exile. It was composed of different social and scientifi c organizations, etc. The lack of unity is based on heritage and stereotypes. Historically Latgale had different socio-economic conditions, different socio-political development of events and belated national consciousness development. That is why Latgalians in exile were not united. Their beliefs were very different in number of issues: 1. Regarding written language and the language of worship (Latvian or Latgalian). Catholic Church representatives in exile considered the language of worship services should be Latvian, because Catholics were among Latvians. But another part of the representatives of Latgalians insisted on the Latgalian language; 2. Regarding historical concept (authoritarian regime of Karlis Ulmanis and Latgale). One part criticized Karlis Ulmanis about restriction of the Latgalian language and literature in the second part of 30s of the 20th century, while the others supported his economic and other activities in favour of Latgale. The most active and important organization that defended everything Latgalian was Vladislavs Lōcis Publishing House and Latgale Research Institute (LRI). Vladislavs Lōcis Publishing House moved from Daugavpils to the West and started its activities in Germany. The publisher considered Latgalian writer or researcher a person who wrote in Latgalian. In this connection some problems arose with Latgalian authors who tried to keep both languages – Latgalian and Latvian. Despite of various ideological and material obstacles, V. Lōcis Publishing House has made a substantial contribution. The Publishing House issued in total about 150 Latgalian authors’ books, as well as almanac “Tāvu Zemes Kalendars” (Father`s Land Calendar), the newspaper “Latgolas Bolss” (Voice of Latgale), ”Latgola” (Latgale), the magazine ”Dzeive” (Life), a literary collection of articles “Olūts”, a scientific collection of articles “Acta Latgalica”. Research institute was established to coordinate research work in exile by the Latgale intelligentsia. Emphasising the authentic Latgalian research orientations, it is also known as Latgalian Research Institute. LRI foundation was a form of protest against disregard of the Latgalian descendants, history, culture, literary research: 1) In Western European research communities; 2) Works of Latvian group of authors in exile; 3) The absence of objective study of history of Latvia in Soviet Latvia. Though LRI staff were cut off from their homeland, without modern means of communication, nevertheless they were able to organize the Latgalian researchers in different countries and continents, could lead to permanent research in history, culture and literature of Latgale. The main issue as well as the problem was why during the second generation in exile has the continuity of selflessness ambitions vanished. During the first generation of exile the Latgalian identity has been largely reduced to the usage of Latgalian language. Unlike Latvians from other regions who saw spacious prospects for their activities, the new generation of Latgalians in exile did not see wide enough perspective for the Latgalian language and written form of expression of the language. However, the succession in greater or less extent was saved after the resumption of independence of Latvia – in Latgale: in 1991 the Institute activities were declared and supported by the official members of exile in Daugavpils. Currently, the LRI is the branch of Daugavpils University; Latgale research nowadays is not limited to LRI. Since 90s Rēzekne University College (Rēzeknes Augstskola) has grown into an important research centre, where the Institute of Regional Studies has started its activities. Latgale Cultural centre Publishing House continues traditions started by V. Lōcis.
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Khan, Nichola. "Sindh in Karachi: A topography of separateness, connectivity, and juxtaposition." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 938–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420909395.
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From imperial ‘unhappy valley’, to decapitated province, commercial capital, and 21st century megacity, this article reflects on relations of separateness and connectivity between Sindh and its capital city Karachi. These culminated in Pakistan’s post-Independence years, in official and political language, governances of national, provincial and city division, and political rhetoric and violence. The article asks what else might be uncovered about their relationship other than customary alignments and partitions between an alien urban behemoth and a provincial periphery. It develops a topographical view to refer to the physical arrangement of environments but also people’s profane, spiritual and political connections and losses involving place and dwelling. This is expanded through examples of land appropriations involving urban real-estate development, environmental migrations and displacement, the idiom of the hijra and Sufistic devotion, and ethnic nationalist and religious extremism. The article questions ways losses of ground and attachment might unite people across provincial divides in an alternative, forward motion of cohabitation. It reveals a multi-layered historical tracing of ways that Sindh, as it is lived in Karachi and vice versa, digresses and wanders through deep cross-regional dynamics and developments. These create new departures from self and place, and rebuff the tendency to centre ‘other’ knowledges as the starting-point and epistemology for studies of Karachi and Sindh. Last, Karachi is a useful optic for thinking about continuities of colonialism and postcolonialism, crisis and fracture in South Asia; ways these are infused with planetary urbanization dynamics, and local, regional and national developments that resist easy universalism.
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Ginesta, Xavier, Jordi de-San-Eugenio-Vela, José-Antonio Corral-Marfil, and Jordi Montaña. "The Role of a City Council in a Place Branding Campaign: The Case of Vic in Catalonia." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 4420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114420.
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The fundamental goal of this article is to show the implications that place branding has for regional public management through a case study of the brand “Vic, a city with a human dimension” [Vic, ciutat a la mesura humana, in Catalan language], a project commissioned by the city council of Vic and carried out by the city’s university (University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia). Vic is the capital of the Osona region, in the centre of Catalonia, with a population of 45,040 inhabitants. Methodologically, this research utilised 14 focus group discussions, two in-depth interviews and a survey addressed to citizens and answered by 855 people. In regards to results, the research shows that the practice of place branding transcends the traditional action areas of place marketing and place promotion, in order to be fully integrated in the region’s overall management policies, that is to say, its urban governance. The article also concludes that the processes of conceptualisation and implementation of new place brands must be framed within a bottom-up approach, integrating all the stakeholders (public–private cooperation) in the decision-making process.
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Nagy, János, Gergely Harsányi, Orsolya Jánosy, Endre Harsányi, and Orsolya Nagy. "The effects of education, culture, research and development in Hajdú-Bihar county." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 61 (September 18, 2014): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/61/2048.
Full textAbstract:
The most important instrument of social advancement and economic development is the education system. The educational qualification of the population of Hajdú-Bihar county is continuously improving, however the census data of the year 2001 show that the educational qualification of the population of the county did not reach the national average. The educational qualification of the county’s population is higher at the county seat and in other cities and lower in small municipalities. The county’s ratio is strongly influenced by the data of the county seat Debrecen and that of Hajdúszoboszló sub region.
The unfavorable educational level of the region is related to the migration tendencies and the brain-draining trends of the past decades, as a consequence of which the population of the less developed eastern regions has moved either to the capital, or to the county seats, or larger cities of the region. The young are increasingly affected by the process.
The number of kindergartens in the county corresponds to the national average, therefore taking into consideration the regional demographic characteristics the aim should be the equalization of regional disproportions. The number of students per 1000 resident within the Northern Great Plain Region and in the county significantly exceeds the national average. The secondary school network of the county consists of 38 secondary grammar- and 51 secondary vocational schools.
The secondary schools of Debrecen have considerable impact on the county’s secondary education. The vocational training network of Hajdú-Bihar county is a large, in its conditions highly differentiated institutional network in which all types of secondary vocational institutions are present with secondary technical-, vocational-, accredited higher vocational-, specialized or preparatory vocational-, and special skill enhancement programmes. The majority of the secondary institutions have regional, rarely national enrollment.
Students who have the intention to continue their studies in higher education within the county can study in Debrecen or Hajdúböszörmény.
The integrated University of Debrecen has the highest student number within the country and it offers the widest range of academic programmes in Hungarian higher education. The University of Debrecen with the wide range of graduate and postgraduate educational programmes, unified academic qualification system, English language programmes is a European standard scientific centre of the Trans-Tisza Region. The county’s higher education takes exceeding share beyond its weight in the education of Natural Sciences (Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Mathematics), Health- and Social Sciences, Agricultural- and Environmental Sciences and Information Technology, which positively influences its educational structure. The county’s share in the education of Humanities (Hungarian Language, Foreign Languages, History, Archeology, Philosophy) is also significant.
6.3% of the country’s scientific researchers work in the county. In 2010 7.0% of the country’s R+D expenditure was spent here. 3/4 of the region’s research capacity is in Hajdú-Bihar county employed either by the University of Debrecen or by the research teams of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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Arendt, Maryse, and Annelies Allain. "Annelies Allain: Pioneer of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes." Journal of Human Lactation 35, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334418812075.
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Annelies Allain has been at the forefront of global efforts to support and promote breastfeeding for more than 30 years. Her accomplishments continue to affect all of us who work with breastfeeding families. Born in the Netherlands in 1945, Annelies Allain-van Elk received a scholarship and completed a BA from the University of Minnesota, Duluth, USA. Back in Europe, she obtained a BA in French language and literature (University of Geneva, Switzerland) as well as a translator’s diploma. After 4 years working in West Africa and visits to South America, she returned to Geneva to obtain an MA in development studies. She is fluent in English, French, and Dutch and has working knowledge of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and German. Ms. Allain was a co-founder of IBFAN (1979) and the coordinator of IBFAN Europe (1980-1984). In 1984, she moved to Penang, Malaysia, and IBFAN work soon took over as a full-time job. She was instrumental in developing the Code Documentation Centre (1985) and by 1991 it became a foundation (ICDC) registered in the Netherlands. Subsequently, the Centre has trained over 2,000 officials from 148 countries about the International Code, making it the world’s top International Code implementation institution. Among her many other education and advocacy activities, Ms. Allain was a co-founder of WABA (1990) and for many years has been a consultant with UNICEF and WHO’s Western Pacific Regional Office on International Code implementation and monitoring. In this interview she provides a firsthand account of how most of the major global breastfeeding protection efforts influencing our current situation came into being. (This is a verbatim interview: MA = Maryse Arendt; AA = Annelies Allain.)
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Al-Yousef, Yousef Khalifa. "The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the triangle of autocracy, oil and foreign powers." Contemporary Arab Affairs 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549706.
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This article is based on an executive summary of a forthcoming Arabic-language book to be published by the Centre for Arab Unity Studies. It examines the reasons underlying the failure of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to achieve stability and realize their developmental goals, despite their concerted endeavours to do so since the oil boom of the 1970s. This failure is attributable to the fact that these countries have fallen prey to a vicious cycle of autocratic governments, using the oil wealth of their people to stay in power, and which are being supported and maintained by foreign governments – especially the United States and its allies – in return for a share of the oil booty and other concessions. Accordingly, and on the basis of the experiences of these countries over four decades, any change in current conditions is not foreseeable unless the unholy alliance of autocracy, oil, and foreign powers is dismantled and replaced by a system that is more conducive to both prosperity and stability; where autocracy is replaced by a democratic form of government; where the role of oil is transformed into what will engender productive citizens; and where regional integration and co-existence with neighbours replaces foreign presence and the ‘protection’ or destruction that comes in tandem with it.
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Polley, Jason S. "Oh Canadiana? Atlantic Canada, Joel Thomas Hynes, and Heroin Realism." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 55, s2 (December 1, 2020): 403–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2020-0020.
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Abstract The essay locates Joel Thomas Hynes’s We’ll All Be Burnt in Our Beds Some Night (2017), narrated by the social outcaste Johnny, in an international “heroin realism” tradition. Hynes, styled as Canada’s “bad boy” author, thus evoking his emotional ties to his protagonist, situates Johnny on the margins of Canada: in Newfoundland, which has been systemically disenfranchised from Canada’s centre beside the rest of Atlantic Canada for over a century, as novels by Michael Crummey, Lisa Moore, David Adams Richards, Alistair MacLeod, and Hugh MacLennan show. The regionally representative Johnny complicates romantic figurations of Canada, which prides itself on progressiveness and equal opportunity, and which is globally envisaged as a beacon of mobility and community. Characters like Johnny do not fit into mythical Canada, whether in its pan-Canadian variety, where the East Coast is mythologized as an ocean oasis of what Herb Wyile calls “commercial antimodernism,” or in its depressive, alcoholic Atlantic-Canadian version. Limited by his social positioning, ot unlike Rose in Alice Munro’s collection The Beggar Maid (1978), Johnny cannot actualise the mobility Canadiana advertises – this despite his inculcation of this seductive delusion via books. He instead experiences what bell hooks calls “psychic turmoil”: the discomfiture of simultaneously occupying two distinct yet continuous narratives. Johnny’s regional narrative, then, not only translates to Rose’s national one, as well as to the spirit of the Beats, of road novelists, and of Hunter S. Thompson’s gonzo, but also to the international dimensions of other personages in “heroin realism.” Writers like Joel Thomas Hynes, Harry Crews, Denis Johnson, Antonio Lobo Antunes, Jeet Thayil, Eimear McBride, and Niall Griffiths work to deconstruct romantic idealizations. The figures of heroin realism, like Johnny, are those characters who are neither commoditized by class relations nor by national narratives.
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Singh, Supriya. "Electronic Commerce and the Sociology of Money." Sociological Research Online 4, no. 4 (February 2000): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.383.
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There is seemingly little connection between conversations about electronic commerce at an OECD workshop in San Francisco and talk of ritual cash payments at a Maori funeral in New Zealand. Yet money is at the centre of both conversations. There is a hesitant acceptance in regional policy dialogues that the cultural meanings of money have to be taken into account before any consensus is possible on issues of electronic commerce. Recent sociological work on money is also questioning the duality of the market and society. In the last five years, there has also been interesting sociological work showing how social relations and cultural values shape different kinds of market, domestic and personal monies. It is also revealing the cultural distinctiveness of the media and forms of transfers. Sociologists of money, particularly in the United Kingdom, have addressed the management and control of money in the household and how these relate to social welfare payments. Sociologists are also addressing the use and non-use of electronic money in the home, relating it to social inclusion and exclusion. Policy makers and sociologists of money have areas of common interest. However, sociologists are mostly absent from this policy debate on electronic commerce. The challenge for sociologists is to first connect the new information and communication technologies to changes in the medium, form, meaning and relationships of money. We can then begin to forge a language that can address issues of electronic commerce and culture.
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Arutyunova, Ekaterina M. "Language Conflict in Various Dimensions: The Cases of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan." Sociological Journal 25, no. 1 (2019): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2018.25.1.6281.
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This article presents an analysis of the linguistic conflict in republics of the Russian Federation in 2017–2018. These contradictions can be reasonably interpreted as being a conflict. Three dimensions of the conflict are considered based on the example of the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. The institutional dimension lies within the contradictions between the Federal center and regions on based on legal discrepancies between regional and Federal legislation in the field of language and education. Legal practice has not been able to resolve these contradictions, because it did not have a single direction. The nature of interaction between the Federal center and republics when contradictions arise is connected to the obvious trends of centralization and the reduction of regions’ authority. Analysis of contradictions at the level of “regional power – group of the population” leads to the conclusion that another significant reason for intensifying conflict lies within the continued lack of attention from regional authorities to issues concerning how part of the population perceives the language policy in education within the context of insufficient teaching of republican state languages. The “group – group” dimension consists of contradictions in the discourse between supporters of the compulsory study of official republican languages and supporters of the voluntary study of official languages. Language contradictions have led to activists and nationalists in the republics becoming more active (to varying degrees), while stimulating them to make new statements and partake in actions, which may have some impact on attitudes when it comes to interethnic relations and on the strengthening of ethnic borders.
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Alaini, Nining Nur. "KOSAKATA BUDAYA TRADISI PENANGKAPAN KOTEKLEMA DI LAMALERA DALAM NOVEL “SUARA SAMUDRA, CATATAN DARI LAMALERA” SEBAGAI SALAH SATU ALTERNATIF PENGAYAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INDONESIA." MABASAN 12, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mab.v12i2.56.
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The three local languages mentioned in the National Language Policy formulated in the Language Politics seminar organized by the Language Center (now the Agency for Language Development and Development) in 1999 function as a language symbols including a symbol of regional identity, and a symbol of regional pride; a mean of communication in the family and local communities, and a mean of supporting regional culture and as a supporter of regional literature and Indonesian literature. As a means of supporting the Indonesian language, regional languages have a dominant role in enriching the Indonesian vocabulary. This paper will describe the cultural vocabulary in the tradition of capturing the koteklema in Lamalera in the novel of "Suara Samudra, Catatan dari Lamalera", as one of the alternative of Indonesian vocabulary enrichment. The novel of "Suara Samudra, Catatan dari Lamalera", by Maria Matildis Banda, reveals a cliché theme often appears and is raised in Indonesian novels about the relationship of two lovers due to social status differences. The novel is interesting as it is written in a traditional village setting, tradition and culture of fishing and whaling in Lamalera. This novel is an ethnographic novel that presents the traditions and culture of Lamalera through the physical and cultural background of fishermen in Lamalera. Maria Matildis Banda conveys local color through literature. His language, diction, and power of speaking in a local dialect enrich the literary treasures of Indonesia. This condition is one of the reasons for the importance of 'adopting' the registers in the novel into the Indonesian vocabulary, so that Indonesian language can further develop itself in order to play a maximum role as a means of communication in various domains of the usage, as well as play an increasingly steady role as a language amplifier for an identity and character of the nation.