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Journal articles on the topic 'Regional language of Cracow'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

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1

Dunaj, Bogusław. "Badania polszczyzny krakowskiej – przeszłość i teraźniejszość." LingVaria 14, no. 27 (May 31, 2019): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.14.2019.27.02.

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The Past and the Present of Research into Cracow PolishThe paper presents the history of research into the urban spoken Polish of Cracow. Its most intensive period fell between 1976 and 1991. The research project was initiated by Professor M. Karaś. After his untimely death in 1977, the work was directed by Professor B. Dunaj. It was twin-track; both collective and individual studies were carried out. Under the supervision of B. Dunaj, five doctoral theses have been written; in total, nine books have been published: four collective and five individual ones. Some collective works have not been published, i.a. Słownik frekwencyjny nieoficjalnej odmiany polszczyzny mówionej (‘A frequency dictionary of an unofficial variety of spoken Polish’). Also other projects grew out of the research into the language spoken in Cracow, e.g. Słownik współczesnego języka polskiego (1996; ‘A dictionary of contemporary Polish’). In the first decade of the 21st century, B. Dunaj and M. Mycawka conducted research into regional vocabulary, focusing primarily on theoretical problems. Under the supervision of B. Dunaj, 28 unpublished monographies have been prepared on the subject of regional words in the speech of inhabitants of selected towns (mainly in Lesser Poland). In 2018, the dictionary Powiedziane po krakowsku. Słownik regionalizmów krakowskich (‘Said like in Cracow. A dictionary of Cracow regional words’, ed. by D. Ochmann and R. Przybylska) has been published, growing out of and referring to previous research. The present paper presents the controversial methodological problems related to research into regional vocabulary.

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2

Rutz, Marion. "(Noch) Identitätslos." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 64, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 520–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2019-0030.

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Summary The full-time jurist and gifted Neo-Latin poet Petrus Royzius, born in Spain, came to Cracow in 1541/1542 to teach Roman law at the university. He left for Vilnius in 1551 and died in the Lithuanian capital in 1571. Several scholars have collected observations about Lithuania and the Lithuanians that are scattered over Royzius’s more than one thousand verse texts. This article goes further in closely analysing and interpreting well-known texts, such as the macaronic poem about travelling through the Lithuanian province (In Lituanicam peregrinationem). It also adds new material that has not yet been considered from this point of view, such as Royzius’s poems in favour of the Union of Lublin in 1569. I further analyse the contextual meaning of the terms Sarmatia/n and Lithuania/n. Although the latter is often replaced or subsumed by the superordinate terms Sarmatia/n or Poland/Polish, it occurs frequently in the corpus of Royzius’s writing. However, Royzius’s texts feature little information about a specific Lithuanian historical or cultural identity. Likewise, there is hardly any information about smaller entities such as Samogitia or Russia (Ruthenia). Unlike his contemporary Augustinus Rotundus or later poets like Ioannes Radvanus, Royzius still belongs to a ‘pre-Lublin’ cultural paradigm in which literary representations of regional, non-Polish identity were of little significance.

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3

Wojewoda, Władysław. "Macromycetes of the Ojców National Park. I." Acta Mycologica 10, no. 2 (November 21, 2014): 181–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1974.007.

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A floristic-ecological manograph of the macromycetes of the Ojców National Park (South Poland, Cracow-Wieluń Upland - Cracow Jurassic Region) is made. In this first part regional features of the investigated area and a list of 715 macromycetes are given. Some species are new to Poland, and 273 species are new to Cracow-Wieluń Upland.

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4

Laidler, Gita J., and Pootoogoo Elee. "Human geographies of sea ice: freeze/thaw processes around Cape Dorset, Nunavut, Canada." Polar Record 44, no. 1 (January 2008): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407007061.

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ABSTRACTSea ice has been, and continues to be, an integral component of life in the Inuit community of Cape Dorset, Nunavut. Located on an island of the same name off the southwestern coast of Baffin Island, the strong Hudson Strait currents prevent extensive ice formation around the community. Nevertheless, sea ice remains an important travel and hunting platform, enabling access to Baffin Island, hunting and fishing grounds, and nearby communities. With the combined importance, dynamism, and continuous use of this frozen ocean environment, local Inuit elders and hunters have developed a detailed and nuanced understanding of sea ice conditions, freeze/thaw processes, and the influences of winds and currents on ice conditions. Working collaboratively with the community of Cape Dorset since October, 2003, we present the results of 30 semi-directed interviews, 5 sea ice trips, and 2 focus groups to provide a baseline understanding of local freezing processes (near-shore, open water, sea ice thickening, landfast ice, floe edge, and tidal cracks), melting processes (snow melt, water accumulation and drainage, break-up, and cracks/leads), wind influences on sea ice (wind direction and strength affecting sea ice formation, and movement), and current influences on sea ice (tidal variations and current strength affecting sea ice formation, movement, and polynya size/location). Strong emphasis is placed on Inuktitut terminology and spatial delineations of localised ice conditions and features. Therefore, this paper provides insights into local scale ice conditions and dynamics around Cape Dorset that are not captured in regional scale studies of Hudson Bay and/or Hudson Strait. Results have the potential to inform future research efforts on local/regional sea ice monitoring, the relationship between Inuit knowledge, language, and the environment, and addressing community interests through targeted studies.

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5

Ochmann, Donata. "Fałszywe regionalizmy – leksyka regionalna na nowo odczytana." LingVaria 13, no. 26 (November 16, 2018): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2018.26.12.

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False Regionalisms: Regional Vocabulary Read AnewNew electronic tools open new possibilities for research of regional vocabulary; they allow both to reach poorly attested units, and to verify dictionary data on the regional character of various lexemes. The paper is an attempt to problematize observations which have been made during the development of a dictionary of Cracow regionalisms. It discusses those lexical units which are listed in works devoted to regionalisms as associated with Cracow and which in reality do not have such status, as could be shown thanks, among others, to a new material verification. Using several examples, the paper presents cases of false interpretation of the regional status of lexemes: attribution of the wrong meaning or the wrong range of occurrence, and in consequence, consolidation and replication of a faulty image of these units. The analysis is set against the background of a new sociocultural view on the essence of regionalism, seen here as a factor which shapes the local identity, which view, according to this author, should not relieve of the care for scientific reliability or be based in fiction.

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6

Pachalska, M., B. L. J. Kaczmarek, and H. Knapik. "Cracow Neurolinguistic battery of aphasia examination." Aphasiology 9, no. 2 (March 1995): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039508248706.

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7

Kasinec, Edward, Szczepan K. Zimmer, Ludwik Krzyzanowski, and Irene Nagurski. "The Beginning of Cyrillic Printing, Cracow, 1491." Slavic and East European Journal 30, no. 1 (1986): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/307300.

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8

Budrewicz, Zofia. "Siostrzane losy." Z Teorii i Praktyki Dydaktycznej Języka Polskiego 28 (December 29, 2019): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/tpdjp.2019.28.15.

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The author presents the common beginnings and 60 years of cooperation between the Chair of Linguistic Didactics and Polish Literature at the Higher School of Pedagogy in Katowice (and later at the University of Silesia) and the Chair of Polish Literature and Language Didactics at the Higher School of Pedagogy in Cracow (currently at the Pedagogical University in Cracow). Using the “family” metaphor (the sister departments), the author describes the relationships between the two units and the joint activities and the researchers who inspire these activities.

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9

Batko-Tokarz, Barbara. "The need of research on the language of protest in Poland during the period of communism — government-independent press in Cracow." Oblicza Komunikacji 12 (June 24, 2021): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2083-5345.12.8.

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In the 1980s illegal press played a very important role in the fight for political changes in Poland and was also one of the most important tools against official government language. This press was a part of a bigger picture of the language self-defence in totalitarian political system. Professor I. Kamińska-Szmaj from University in Wroclaw characterised this phenomenon very adequately in her books. Cracow — according to the newest historical research — was the second largest independent press movement center in Poland. In Cracow between 1976–1990 there were a few hundred different kinds of independent press circulations, therefore it is a priceless source for language and press research. This article is describing a variety of possibilities and perspectives in this very interesting linguistic research field, which is still very little known and rarely described.a

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10

Laidler, Gita J., and Theo Ikummaq. "Human geographies of sea ice: freeze/thaw processes around Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada." Polar Record 44, no. 2 (April 2008): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407007152.

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ABSTRACTSea ice has been, and continues to be, an integral component of life in the Inuit community of Igloolik, Nunavut. Located on an island of the same name off the northeastern coast of Melville Peninsula, extensive ice formation occurs in Fury and Hecla Strait. This creates an important travel and hunting platform, and enables access to Baffin Island, the mainland, moving ice, hunting and fishing grounds, and nearby communities. With the combined importance, dynamism, and continuous use of this frozen ocean environment, local Inuit elders and hunters have developed a detailed and nuanced understanding of sea ice conditions, freeze/thaw processes, and the influences of winds and currents on ice conditions. Working collaboratively with the community of Igloolik since February 2004, we present the results of 24 semi-directed interviews and 4 sea ice trips to provide a baseline understanding of local freezing processes (near-shore, open water, sea ice thickening, landfast ice, tidal cracks, floe edge, and moving ice), melting processes (snow melt, water accumulation and drainage, and break-up), wind influences on sea ice (wind direction and strength affecting sea ice formation and movement), and, current influences on sea ice (tidal variations and current strength affecting sea ice formation, movement, and polynya size/location). Strong emphasis is placed on Inuktitut terminology and spatial delineations of localised ice conditions and features. Therefore, this paper provides insights into local scale ice conditions and dynamics around Igloolik that are not captured in regional scale studies of Foxe Basin and/or Fury and Hecla Strait. Results have the potential to inform future research efforts on local/regional sea ice monitoring, the relationship between Inuit knowledge, language, and the environment, and addressing community interests through targeted studies.

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11

Kudełko, Joanna. "TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN THE MAŁOPOLSKA VOIVODSHIP." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3543.

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The paper aims to identify the level of socio-economic development of rural municipalities in the Małopolska voivodship, present relevant development rankings, and describe changes in this area in 2003-2017. The development processes of rural municipalities are analysed in the context of the functions they perform as well as their position in the spatial system of Małopolska. Selected diagnostic characteristics allow for the calculation of the synthetic measure of development, leading to a linear presentation of Małopolska’s rural municipalities and their ranking in terms of socio-economic development. The ordering of municipalities is based on Hellwig’s method. Empirical analysis is based on the statistical data of the Central Statistical Office and the Statistical Office in Cracow. Development trends in the rural municipalities of Małopolska and relative growth gaps have a persistent character over time. The highest development levels are recorded in urbanised areas in which agricultural functions are considerably reduced, and are located in close vicinity of the regional centre of Cracow. On the other hand, the least developed rural municipalities in the region include those with a dominant agricultural function. The conducted research indicates that functional factors in the development of rural municipalities, related to economic structures, as well as spatial factors, related to the vicinity of regional centres, are closely correlated.

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12

Magowska, Anita. "Historia farmacji według Zbigniewa Beli." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17 (December 12, 2018): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.18.023.9343.

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This article focuses on life and scientific developments of Zbigniew Bela (1948–2018) who was professor of the history of pharmacy and director of the Museum of Pharmacy of Jagiellonian University in Cracow. The aim of the article is to identify specificity of his research activity, particular because he was a Polish language scholar, however, interested in the history of pharmacy. It was proven that he used literary perspective to investigate the history of pharmacy that was very original and peculiar. His most important achievements were monographs inspired and illustrated by items from the Museum of Pharmacy in Cracow, especially the 16th century formulary by Alexey from Piedmont.

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13

Degórski, Marek. "Regional Conference of the International Geographical Union in Poland. Cracow, 18-22 August, 2014." Przegląd Geograficzny 87, no. 1 (2015): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2015.1.8.

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14

Guszkiewicz, Paulina, and Karolina Nessel. "Chinese Tourists in Cracow, Poland: Their Profile, Expectations, and Perceptions." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 24, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2017-0006.

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Abstract Introduction. In 2012, China became the largest spender in international tourism, benefiting many destinations worldwide. Even if for Poland it is not an important source market yet, the Polish authorities have undertaken some marketing activities in China. The main aim of the paper is to explore the profile, motivations, and perceptions of the Chinese tourists visiting Cracow. The secondary aim is to check the effectiveness of the marketing efforts dedicated to the Chinese market undertaken by Poland since 2010. Material and methods. Data for the study (n = 100) were collected using a paper survey in English carried out among mainland Chinese tourists in Cracow in 2015. Results. The Chinese usually visit Poland for the first time, often in transit. They are prompted by the information found online and by word of mouth. Their main reasons to come are tradition, culture, historical sites, landscapes, and low costs. These expectations are well fulfilled, and the tourists′ overall satisfaction is very high. The Chinese find Poland to be different from other Western European countries. For them, Poland is a remarkable, traditional, safe, and developing country. Yet, their knowledge about the destination is limited. The main problem encountered is the language barrier, both online and once on site. The marketing efforts undertaken by Poland in the Chinese market have had weak and ambivalent effects. Conclusions. In order to attract Chinese tourists, there is a need to intensify expenditure not only on promotion (mainly online) but also on the removal of language-based communication problems. There is also scope for expanding the tourist offer dedicated to Chinese tourists - both in Poland and in cooperation with other Central European countries.

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15

Saloni, Zygmunt. "W stulecie niepodległości i „ustalonej” pisowni polskiej." LingVaria 13, no. 26 (November 16, 2018): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2018.26.09.

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In the Centenary of Independence of Poland and of “Fixed” Polish SpellingThe unification of Polish spelling after the regaining of independence in 1918 was an important task, especially as the young state intended to build a system of public schools and introduce compulsory schooling. In view of the divergence of the so-called “Cracow” and “Warsaw” spelling at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was deemed necessary. The relevant resolution was adopted by the Academy of Learning in Cracow in 1918. Unfortunately, the official orthography was introduced with too much haste, and so it continued to be modified and amended in the following years, until a reform was passed in 1936. Later, further modifications were introduced, but not in a very clear way; first by the Language Culture Committee, then by the Polish Language Council of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The resolutions published by PLC concern details and minor issues, and have effectively no impact on how Polish is written. Generally speaking, the current Polish spelling is fixed – in its 1936 form, and petrified by long use. Usage has resisted the unskillful codification proposals.

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16

Puch, Elżbieta, Marta Krenz-Niedbała, and Maria Chrzanowska. "Body height differentiation by season of birth: Girls from Cracow, Poland." Anthropological Review 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-008-0006-4.

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Body height differentiation by season of birth: Girls from Cracow, PolandPublished studies world wide demonstrate that measures of human development and health status vary depending on the month of birth but these patterns are not always consistent and sometimes even conflict. Direct factors related to the birth season that may significantly differentiate morphological and functional traits and mechanisms causing these relations have not been found so far. On the basis of cross-sectional material, gathered in the years 1983 and 2000 by the Department of Anthropology of the Academy of Physical Education in Cracow, two main hypotheses have been verified: (1) average body height differences by month of birth are statistically insignificant, (2) the magnitude of these differences does not change with time. Metric data of 4672 girls aged 5-18 years, born in 1965-1978 and 1982-1995, were used. The total sample was also subdivided into prepubertal (5-9 years) and adolescent (10-18 years) groups. The age of the individuals was calculated to the nearest day and the procedure of standardization on the interpolated values of regional norms was applied. A highly significant relationship between the birth month and average values of height was revealed in preadolescent girls. The results obtained for the entire material proved insignificant. The patterns of the month-of-birth effect on body height for girls born in 60./70. and 80./90. show high similarity, though the effect seems weaker in the latter sample. Winter proved to be the most favorable birth season for later body height.

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17

Stala, Ewa. "Profesor Witold Mańczak jako iberysta." LingVaria 12, spec (February 8, 2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.12.2017.2sp.06.

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The paper is devoted to the figure of Professor Witold Mańczak and his long-term collaboration with Hispanic studies in Cracow; hence the appearance of motifs related to his didactic and scientific work, but also a personal recollection of Professor as a teacher and a linguist. The paper is completed by a bibliography of those of his works which directly or indirectly discuss the Spanish language.

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18

Gmerek, Katarzyna. "Shane Leslie and the Irish Support for Language Struggle in Poland." Studia Celtica Posnaniensia 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scp-2018-0005.

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Abstract This paper tells a little known story of the collecting and delivery of signatures of Irish school children from the northern part of Ireland as an act of moral support for Polish students on strike in defense of the Polish language at schools in the Prussian partition of Poland, in the first decade of the 20th century (Płygawko 1991). The bound signatures are in the Czartoryski Museum in Cracow, Poland, but the information about the action has not been found in Irish sources, and the Polish signatures collected in response seem to be missing. The role of the organizer of the initiative, Shane Leslie, is emphasized in this paper. It describes the background of this exchange of sympathy, and discusses possible reasons why the story remains obscure.

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19

Olma, Marceli. "Obraz Krakowa w języku poetyckim Wincentego Byrskiego." ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS PAEDAGOGICAE CRACOVIENSIS. STUDIA LINGUISTICA, no. 14 (December 15, 2019): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20831765.14.13.

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The material basis of the paper is an unpublished collection of 47 sonnets by Wincenty Byrski, a poet from Podbeskidzie region. The author of the study discusses the language level of the poems (mainly lexis) in order to reconstruct the picture of Cracow preserved in the texts. According to the analysis, the poet used vocabulary and morphological forms which were known in the Polish language in previous centuries, as well as pompous lexis. Description of architectonic objects and other urban landscape elements was accompanied by their evaluation, which reflected historiosophy and the system of moral values, preferred

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20

Owsiński, Piotr A. "Das Deutsche in der Krakauer Stadtkanzlei im 15. Jahrhundert im Spiegel der Sprachanalyse ausgewählter Willküren." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica, no. 14 (September 25, 2018): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-9665.14.05.

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The article hereunder presents the language analysis of the chosen German charters from 15th century, which come from the Antiquum Registrum Privilegiorum Et Statutorum Civitatis Cracoviensis published by Stanisław Ambroży Estreicher in 1936 in Cracow. The texts of the unknown scriveners were written in the Silesian dialect, what can be proved on the basis of the way of the notation in the law.The author introduces the results of his analysis showing the Silesian characteristic features with the appropriate examples.

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BALYASNIKOVA, O. V., N. V. UFIMTSEVA, G. A. CHERKASOVA, and N. L. CHULKINA. "LANGUAGE AND COGNITION: REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE." Russian Journal of Linguistics 22, no. 2 (2018): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9182-2018-22-2-232-250.

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22

Keane, M. J., B. Griffith, and J. W. Dunn. "Regional Development and Language Maintenance." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 3 (March 1993): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250399.

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The maintenance of cultural areas is inextricably connected to their ability to survive in economic terms. There is, however, an uneasy relationship between culture and economic development. In this paper, this relationship in an Irish-language-speaking region in the west of Ireland is examined. A model is used to relate measures of language health in census areas to socioeconomic variables and location differences. Some policy and planning issues are discussed in the light of the regression results.

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23

Gaweł, Agnieszka. "On the language construal of death in historic grave inscriptions from the Rakowicki Cemetery in Cracow." Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia 29 (2020): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/cgs.2020.29-11.

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24

Majewicz, Alfred F. "Japonica w Archiwaliach po Bronisławie Piłsudskim w Bibliotece PAU i PAN w Krakowie (9). Fujihiko Sekiba i jego przesyłka." Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN 65 (2020): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25440500rbn.20.008.14167.

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Japonica in the Archives Left after Bronisław Piłsudski in the Cracow PAU-PAN Academic Library (9). Fujihiko Sekiba’s Mailing (Letter and Book) Sent to Bronisław Piłsudski and its Situational Context The present material constitutes the ninth installment of the series introducing Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow and includes photocopies of a letter in German (with its envelope indicating the addressee and the sender in Japanese, its decipherment transcript, and translation into Polish) dated , sent, together with an attached book, to Bronisław residing at that time in Tokyo by Dr. Fujihiko Sekiba, a renowned physician famous all over Japan, long-standing head of the Hokkaido Medical Association and a hospital (both founded by himself), but also medicine historian, anthropologist and one of the pioneers in Japanese ethnomedicine. The book of his own authorship was an extensive monograph on Ainu medicine studied also by Bronisław himself. The paper provides essential data concerning Sekiba’s biography and his legacy (especially, his scientific publications and the hospital still existing and considered one of the leading medical institutions in Hokkaido), and the book in question itself, with an appeal to make every effort possible to trace and find the copy of the book (possibly with some personal dedication) sent, but so far unidentified: Piłsudski, a dedicated collector of “things Ainu”, never easily parted with such items). The letter and the book mailed to Bronisław demonstrate how famous Piłsudski was in Japan as an Ainu researcher as early as 1906 (six years prior to the publication, in Cracow, of Materials for the Study of the Ainu Language and Folklore that secured for him the eternal reference in the annals of academic research worldwide. Mentioned have also been certain related publications on Ainu medicine by Piłsudski.

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Sikora, Kazimierz. ""Żydy" i "psy" w stadionowym języku nienawiści." LingVaria 14, no. 27 (May 31, 2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.14.2019.27.05.

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Żydy ‘Jews’ and Psy ‘Dogs’ in Stadium Hate SpeechThe paper discusses selected problems of the language of football fanatics who constitute the so- -called szalikowcy subculture (‘hooligans; lit. scarfers’). The author pays most attention to two (pejorative) personal expressions: żyd ‘Jew’ and pies ‘dog’ which, in the hate-saturated conflict between the fans of two clubs from Cracow, Cracovia and Wisła, are used as heavy insults and invectives serving to humiliate and depreciate the opponent. The paper analyses the sphere of negative semantic connotations of both words, their origin and fluctuations.

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Kowalik, Krystyna. "Topograficzno-historyczna geneza nazw własnych krakowskich mostów i innych budowli służących przeprawie." ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS PAEDAGOGICAE CRACOVIENSIS. STUDIA LINGUISTICA, no. 15 (December 11, 2020): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20831765.15.11.

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The following paper is dedicated to the analysis of 41 proper names (including 18 historical names) of structures in Cracow used for crossing water and terrain, identified architecturally as bridges, footbridges, trestle bridges and flyovers. These names have got a rather distinct structure: the anteposition contains a generic name, while the postposition comprises an individualising determinant, such as an adjective or a noun in genitive case, less frequently nominative: most Dębnicki (bridge), most Wandy (bridge), most Lajkonik (bridge); kładka Ojca Bernatka (footbridge), estakada Obrońców Lwowa (trestle bridge). Most of these terms have toponymic or anthroponymic motivation connected with Cracow, others belong to exceptions. There is a tendency for using commemorative names, introduced with the preposition imienia/im. (named after): most im. Kardynała Franciszka Macharskiego. Due to the fact that these structures are located in the city, their names belong to urbanonymy. The physical appearance and function of these facilities make it possible to apply in their names the notion of hodonymy. In the Russian language the term gefironim has been used in reference to these names. In terms of the type of denoted structures, the notion gefironim is narrower than an urbanonym, but it is wider when it comes to the area in which these structures are located.

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Kowalik, Krystyna. "Topograficzno-historyczna geneza nazw własnych krakowskich mostów i innych budowli służących przeprawie." ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS PAEDAGOGICAE CRACOVIENSIS. STUDIA LINGUISTICA, no. 15 (December 11, 2020): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20831765.15.11.

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The following paper is dedicated to the analysis of 41 proper names (including 18 historical names) of structures in Cracow used for crossing water and terrain, identified architecturally as bridges, footbridges, trestle bridges and flyovers. These names have got a rather distinct structure: the anteposition contains a generic name, while the postposition comprises an individualising determinant, such as an adjective or a noun in genitive case, less frequently nominative: most Dębnicki (bridge), most Wandy (bridge), most Lajkonik (bridge); kładka Ojca Bernatka (footbridge), estakada Obrońców Lwowa (trestle bridge). Most of these terms have toponymic or anthroponymic motivation connected with Cracow, others belong to exceptions. There is a tendency for using commemorative names, introduced with the preposition imienia/im. (named after): most im. Kardynała Franciszka Macharskiego. Due to the fact that these structures are located in the city, their names belong to urbanonymy. The physical appearance and function of these facilities make it possible to apply in their names the notion of hodonymy. In the Russian language the term gefironim has been used in reference to these names. In terms of the type of denoted structures, the notion gefironim is narrower than an urbanonym, but it is wider when it comes to the area in which these structures are located.

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Kadir, Abdul, Aziz Thaba, Munirah Munirah, Sitti Aida Azis, and Rukayah Rukayah. "Regional Language Learning in Regional Multilingual Classes: Problems and Handling." Universal Journal of Educational Research 8, no. 11 (October 2020): 5299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081130.

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Kozińska-Witt, Hanna. "The Union of Polish Cities in the Second Polish Republic, 1918–1939: Discourses of Local Government in a Divided Land." Contemporary European History 11, no. 4 (October 28, 2002): 549–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777302004034.

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The new Polish state was founded more than 100 years after Poland's partition by Prussia, Russia and Austria. The partitioned Polish lands had been included one way or another in the administrative structure of the ocupying powers, and the individuals who became active in urban issues in the new state were socialised by associations established by the partitioners. Poland became not only a arena for a meeting of Prussian, Russian and Austrian imaginations about local government but also a place with a great variety of municipal praxises as well. The author analyses different meanings of local government with special attention to those employed by municipal officers from Warsaw and Cracow within the Union of Polish Cities. There were strong regional cleavages in the Union, but the political development of the Polish state strengthened centralisation and the Union itself remained united.

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30

Ellis, Rod. "Regional studies." Language Teaching Research 12, no. 1 (January 2008): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168807084499.

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Ellis, Rod. "Regional studies." Language Teaching Research 13, no. 4 (October 2009): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168809341519.

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Kosiewski, Piotr. "MUSEUMS – VIEW FROM THE INSIDE." Muzealnictwo 58, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2669.

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The publication Museums, exhibits, museum professionals complements our knowledge of how museums functioned in the Communist period and their situation after 1989. The book includes discussions or memoirs by eleven people vital to Polish museology, who were connected with National Museums (in Cracow, Poznań and Wrocław), museum-residences (the Wawel Museum, the Royal Castle in Warsaw), specialised museums (the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk, the Museum of Literature in Warsaw, the Jagiellonian University Museum), ethnographic museums (in Cracow and Toruń) and the Tatra Museum, which is an example of an important regional museum in Poland. Among the people are Zofia Gołubiew, Mariusz Hermansdofer, Jerzy Litwin, Janusz Odrowąż-Pieniążek, Jan Ostrowski, Andrzej Rottermund and Stanisław Waltoś. The book presents the image of Polish museology in a scattershot but interesting way. It also mentions more detailed aspects, such as how particular museums were founded or developed in the Communist period, and the individual role of museum professionals in founding and developing the establishments they managed. However, the most attention is paid to issues regarding the state of museums after 1989. The most important of these include the contemporary functions and tasks of those establishments and the challenges they will face in the future, and the role of a musealium and its place in a contemporary museum. The observations regarding internal changes in museum institutions, in the “master-disciple” relation in the past and today, the appearance of new specialities, and the change of their status and role in institutions (for example, of people responsible for education) are also noteworthy. Another significant thread is the discussion on the definition of a “museum professional” and which museum employees may use this title.

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GyuTaeCho. "A Direction of Teaching Regional Language." Journal of Korean Language and Literature Education ll, no. 42 (February 2008): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17247/jklle.2008..42.169.

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34

Livinskaya, I. "REGIONAL VARIATION OF THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE." Bulletin of the Moskow State Regional University, no. 6 (2015): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7278-2015-6-37-42.

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35

Balyasnikova, O. V., G. A. Cherkasova, A. A. Stepanova, and N. V. Ufimtseva. "ETHNOPSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT OF REGIONAL LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 8, no. 4 (2017): 1161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2017-8-4-1161-1170.

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36

Kartashova, Valentina. "Developing Foreign Language Teaching: Regional Experience." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 214 (December 2015): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.767.

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37

Baerman, Matthew, A. A. Barentsen, B. M. Groen, J. Schaeken, and R. Sprenger. "Dutch Contributions to the Twelfth International Congress of Slavists, Cracow, August 26-September 3, 1998, Linguistics." Slavic and East European Journal 45, no. 1 (2001): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3086451.

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38

Wasilewska, Diana. "Out of the mainstream. Henryk Weber – a Jewish art critic in interwar Cracow." Tekstualia 2, no. 57 (August 16, 2019): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3540.

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Henryk Weber, a painter and art critic of the interwar period, is today a completely, though inequitably, forgotten fi gure. He was mainly associated with the Jewish magazine „Nasz Wyraz” in which he ran a column devoted to the visual arts. He was particularly interested in the history of the artistic milieu of Cracow, including, though not exclusively, Jewish artists. As a painter he was close to the colorists, and in his reviews he turned out to be an insightful observer and interpreter, also open to the latest avant-garde art phenomena. His artistic concept grew out of the expressionist aesthetics, treating art as an expression of the artist’s feelings and emotions, but the act of creation meant for him submitting these impressions to the laws of a strict logical construction. Weber’s statements, especially reviews, are characterized by an extraordinary suggestiveness of the language, which is a specifi c combination of professional terminology and colloquialisms or terms borrowed from other disciplines or areas of life. Aesthetic and linguistic awareness, wide knowledge of the latest artistic phenomena as well as openness to new artistic trends make him one of the most outstanding critics of the interwar period in Poland.

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Perry, John R. "Woiciech Skalmowski and Andrej PisowiczStudies in Iranian Linguistics and Philology.2004 Jagiellonian University Cracow." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 69, no. 1 (April 2010): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654952.

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40

Čarkić, Milosav Ž. "O serbsko-polskich kontaktach (krótki chronologiczny przegląd do końca XIX wieku)." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3367.

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The plurality of Polish literature in different forms is culturally diversified, withpolitical and historical contacts resulting in the appearance of modernism in both Serbia andPoland. The research performed by a Polish scholar from Serbia Miroslav Topić, has undoubtedlyshowed that essential changes in the poetry of Vojislav Ilić have coincided with him receivinga book of poetry (Poezye II) from the forerunner of Polish modernism Waclaw Rolicz-Lieder.It can, therefore, be assumed that this was the main reason in directing Ilić towards symbolism.The relationship between Rolicz-Lieder and Ilić also contributed to Polish language and literaturebecoming a subject in The Higher School of Belgrade just a few years later, in 1895. It should benoted that the Department of Polish language and literature still exists as a part of Slavic studiesin the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade and the Faculty of Philosophy in NoviSad. Similarly, Serbian language and literature are studied in many universities in Poland suchas Warsaw, Cracow, Opole, Łódź, Gdansk and Torun among others.

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41

Ellis, Rod. "Introduction: Regional studies." Language Teaching Research 12, no. 2 (April 2008): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168807086296.

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42

Ellis, Rod. "Regional studies: Introduction." Language Teaching Research 14, no. 1 (January 2010): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168809346498.

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43

Katarzyna Nosidlak. "CZYNNIKI OSOBOWOŚCIOWE W PROCESIE PRZYSWAJANIA I UŻYCIA JĘZYKA OBCEGO – KWESTIA EWALUACJI WYPOWIEDZI USTNEJ." Neofilolog, no. 53/2 (December 30, 2019): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2019.53.2.5.

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Communication in a foreign language requires activation of numerous, not necessarily linguistic, competences. As recent studies suggest, in order to facilitate this complicated process, people tend to put on different masks and change their personality-related behaviours. Such behavioural changes seem to be typical for testing situations when students’ actions are additionally influenced by stress. Drawing on her own observations and teaching experience, the author of this article strives to point to the correspondence between the manifestation of some behaviours resulting from students’ personality makeups and the effectiveness of their spoken performance in a foreign language. By directing readers’ attention to this correlation, she wants to underline the importance of personality training for the sake of effective communication in a foreign language. Additionally, this article presents the results of a survey conducted among 54 students of English at the Pedagogical University of Cracow – the data collected shows that students intentionally alter their personality-related behaviours in an attempt to earn higher scores on their oral exams. The direction of these changes might constitute useful advice for less experienced foreign-language test-takers.

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44

Phillipson, Robert. "Language Challenges in Global and Regional Integration." Sustainable Multilingualism 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 14–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2018-0001.

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Summary The article analyses whether the expansion of English is adding to linguistic repertoires, or whether a process of linguistic capital dispossession of national languages is taking place. It explores the role that discourses of ‘global English’ and of English as a ‘lingua franca’ play in processes of global and regional European integration. It considers whether the linguistic capital of all languages can be made productive when in much of Europe there is a marked downgrading of the learning of foreign languages other than English, alongside the continued neglect of many minority languages. Language pedagogy and language policy need to be situated within wider political, social and economic contexts. EU schemes for research collaboration and student mobility are of limited help in maintaining linguistic diversity. The Bologna process furthers European integration but intensifies the hegemony of English. Nordic universities are moving into bilingual education, combining English with a national language. The 2006 Declaration on a Nordic Language Policy aims at ensuring that Nordic languages and English develop in parallel, that all residents can maintain their languages, and that language policy issues should be widely understood. If neoliberalism and linguistic neoimperialism are determining factors, there are challenges in maintaining the vitality of languages, and organizing school and university education so as to educate critical multilingual citizens.

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45

Coluzzi, Paolo. "Language planning for Italian regional languages (“dialects”)." Language Problems and Language Planning 32, no. 3 (December 12, 2008): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.32.3.02col.

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In addition to twelve recognized minority languages (Law no. 482/1999), Italy features a number of non-recognized so-called “dialects” that is difficult to state, but which renowned linguists like Tullio De Mauro and Giulio Lepschy calculate as ranging between 12 and 15. These languages are still spoken (and sometimes written) by slightly less than half of the Italian population and are the first languages of a significant part of it. Some of them even have a history of (semi)official usage and feature large and interesting literary traditions. An introduction on the linguistic situation in Italy, the classification of its “dialects” and their state of endangerment, is followed by discussion of the present (scant) legislation and action being taken to protect the seven language varieties chosen as case studies: Piedmontese, Western Lombard/Milanese, Venetan, Ligurian/Genoese, Roman, Neapolitan and Sicilian. These language planning strategies are discussed particularly in terms of graphization (corpus planning), status and acquisition planning, even when, as in most cases, this “planning” may be uncoordinated and even unconscious. The article closes with a few general considerations and with some suggestions on how these initiatives could be improved.

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46

Slaughter, Yvette, Joseph Lo Bianco, Renata Aliani, Russell Cross, and John Hajek. "Language programming in rural and regional Victoria." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 42, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 274–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.18030.sla.

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Abstract Despite decades of often ambitious policies in Australia, languages education is still characterized by intermittent commitment to the teaching of languages, with inequitable access particularly entrenched in rural and regional contexts. While research has focused on the practical and material constraints impacting on policy implementation, little research has investigated the role of the discursive terrain in shaping expectations and limitations around what seems achievable in schools, particularly, from the school principal perspective. Beginning with an overview of policy interventions and an analysis of contemporary challenges, we use Q methodology to identify and analyze viewpoints at work in similarly-positioned rural and regional schools. In doing so, we seek to determine what seems possible or impossible across settings; the role of principals in enabling and constraining pathways for the provision of school language programs, and the need for macro-level language policy to be informed by constraints specific to rural and regional contexts.

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47

Teng, Mu‐Ling, Yi‐Chu Ke, Chu‐ting Chen, Bo‐hong Lu, Lai‐Iok Ip, Ho‐hsien Pan, Shih‐wen Chen, and Hsiu‐Min Yu. "How regional dialect effects second language learning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4784481.

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48

Diffley, Kathleen. "Reports of the Regional Modern Language Associations." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 4 (September 2002): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900106492.

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49

Davis, Charles G., Siegfried Mews, Richard D. Critchfield, Maria A. Duarte, Ida H. Washington, and Charles G. Davis. "Reports of the Regional Modern Language Associations." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 103, no. 4 (September 1988): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900146796.

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The association's eighty-sixth annual meeting will be held 11–13 November 1988, in Portland, Oregon. The host institution is Portland State University. Most of the meeting's events will take place at the Red Lion Inn, Portland Center. A local committee headed by Georgia Ronan Crampton and Claudine Fisher (Portland State Univ.) is in charge of preparations.

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50

Westling, Louise. "Reports of the Regional Modern Language Associations." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 101, no. 4 (September 1986): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900157736.

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