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1
Taveira, Luís Renato Silva, Michele Duarte de Menezes, Anita Fernanda dos Santos Teixeira, and Nilton Curi. "Mapping land use capability in tropical conditions adapting criteria to different levels of agricultural management." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 6 (December 2018): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018426026518.
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ABSTRACT Land use capability is one of the most widespread technical-interpretative classification systems, however, regional adaptations may be necessary because different attributes may affect it. For these adaptations, the Minas Gerais soil map was used as the starting point for this study. The criteria to define the land use capability were adapted to management levels with small (level A) and medium (level B) application of capital and modern technology (level C). The aim of the present study was to map land use capability for Minas Gerais state, Brazil, following the criteria adapted to different levels of management and measure the accuracy of the resulting maps. The system of land use capability is widely used by INCRA in evaluations of rural properties. Erosion criterion was replaced by erodibility. The information was handled in a geographic information system. For validation, soil profiles from regional pedological surveys were sampled, classified, and its land use capability was compared to the land use capability shown on the map according to the different management levels. In spite of the small scale of the soil map, the maps of land use capability exhibited adequate accuracy: 73% (management level A), 71% (B), and 50% (C). Therefore, it can be applied in initial phases of regional planning studies, in which the level of details required is reduced (for example, in ecological-economic zoning). More detailed analyses still depend on detailed field surveys, as advocated by the system of land use capability.
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Piccini, Chiara, Rosa Francaviglia, and Alessandro Marchetti. "Predicted Maps for Soil Organic Matter Evaluation: The Case of Abruzzo Region (Italy)." Land 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100349.
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Organic matter, an important component of healthy soils, may be used as an indicator in sustainability assessments. Managing soil carbon storage can foster agricultural productivity and environmental quality, reducing the severity and costs of natural phenomena. Thus, accurately estimating the spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for sustainable soil management when planning agro-environmental measures at the regional level. SOM variability is very large in Italy, and soil organic carbon (SOC) surveys considering such variability are difficult and onerous. The study concerns the Abruzzo Region (about 10,800 km2), in Central Italy, where data from 1753 soil profiles were available, together with a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat images. Some morphometric parameters and spectral indices with a significant degree of correlation with measured data were used as predictors for regression-kriging (RK) application. Estimated map of SOC stocks, and of SOM related to USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) texture—an additional indicator of soil quality—were produced with a satisfactory level of accuracy. Results showed that SOC stocks and SOM concentrations in relation to texture were lower in the hilly area along the shoreline, pointing out the need to improve soil management to guarantee agricultural land sustainability.
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Micic-Maksin, Marija. "Some problems of integrating the landscape planning into the spatial and environmental planning in Serbia." Spatium, no. 9 (2003): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0309028m.
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A short review has been given of Serbian spatial and environmental planning, and in particular of relevant legislation. Attention has been paid to the landscape treatment within legislative grounds, and correspondingly in planning practice. Few assumptions have been made, upon the lack of methodological and integrated approach to the landscape protection and management. Strategic plans (spatial and town master plans), sectoral plans and policies (for soil, forestry etc) have been reviewed in attempt to verify the stated assumptions. The problems of landscape and open green space protection and maintenance have been brought up. In reference to the EU recommendations, legislation and instruments have been investigated regarding the entrenchment of the landscape concept and landscape planning into the spatial, environmental and related sectoral planning. Prior to the landscape concept implementation is the survey and establishment of regional landscape diversification so as to differentiate regional approaches to landscape planning.
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Baja, Sumbangan, Samsu Arif, and Risma Neswati. "Developing a User Friendly Decision Tool for Agricultural Land Use Allocation at a Regional Scale." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 5 (April 8, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n5p11.
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Agricultural land use planning should always be guided by a reliable tool to ensure effective decision making in the allocation of land use and activities. The primary aim of this study is to develop a user friendly system on a spatial basis for agricultural land suitability evaluation of four groups of agriculture commodities, including food crops, horticultural crops, perennial (plantation) crops, grazing, and tambak (fish ponds) to guide land use planning. The procedure used is as follows: (i) conducting soil survey based on generated land mapping units; (ii) developing soil database in GIS; and (iii) designing a user friendly system. The data bases of the study were derived from satellite imagery, digital topographic map, soil characteristics at reconnaissance scale, as well as climate data. Land suitability evaluation in this study uses the FAO method. The study produces a spatial based decision support tool called SUFIG-Wilkom that can give decision makers sets of information interactively for land use allocation purposes.This user friendly system is also amenable to various operations in a vector GIS, so that the system may accommodate possible additional assessment of other land use types.
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Geng, Shoubao, Peili Shi, Ning Zong, and Wanrui Zhu. "Using Soil Survey Database to Assess Soil Quality in the Heterogeneous Taihang Mountains, North China." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103443.
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Soil quality evaluation is an effective pathway to understanding the status of soil function and ecosystem productivity. Numerous studies have been made in managed ecosystems and land cover to quantify its effects on soil quality. However, little is coincident regarding soil quality assessment methods and its compatibility in highly heterogeneous soil. This paper used the soil survey database of Taihang Mountains as a case study to: (i) Examine the feasibility of soil quality evaluation with two different indicator methods: Total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS); and (ii) analyze the controlling factors of regional soil quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the entropy method were used to calculate soil quality index (SQI). SQI values assessed from the TDS and MDS methods were both significantly correlated with normalized difference vegetation index (p < 0.001), suggesting that both indices were effective to describe soil quality and reflect vegetation growth status. However, the TDS method represented a slightly more accurate assessment than MDS in terms of variance explanation. Boosted regression trees (BRT) models and path analysis showed that soil type and land cover were the most important controlling factors of soil quality, within which soil type had the greatest direct effect and land cover had the most indirect effect. Compared to MDS, TDS is a more sensitive method for assessing regional soil quality, especially in heterogeneous mountains. Soil type is the fundamental factor to determining soil quality. Vegetation and land cover indirectly modulate soil properties and soil quality.
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Chen, Guokun, Zengxiang Zhang, Qiankun Guo, Xiao Wang, and Qingke Wen. "Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Based on CSLE and the 2010 National Soil Erosion Survey at Regional Scale in Yunnan Province of China." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 3252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123252.
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Regional soil loss assessment is the critical method of incorporating soil erosion into decision-making associated with land resources management and soil conservation planning. However, data availability has limited its application for mountainous areas. To obtain a clear understanding of soil erosion in Yunnan, a pixel-based estimation was employed to quantify soil erosion rate and the benefits of soil conservation measures based on Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) and data collected in the national soil erosion survey. Results showed that 38.77% of the land was being eroded at an erosion rate higher than the soil loss tolerance, the average soil erosion rate was found to be 12.46 t∙ha−1∙yr−1, resulting in a total soil loss of 0.47 Gt annually. Higher erosion rates mostly occurred in the downstream areas of the major rivers as compared to upstream areas, especially for the southwest agricultural regions. Rain-fed cropland suffered the most severe soil erosion, with a mean erosion rate of 47.69 t∙ha−1∙yr−1 and an erosion ratio of 64.24%. Lands with a permanent cover (forest, shrub, and grassland) were mostly characterized by erosion rates an order of magnitude lower than those from rain-fed cropland, except for erosion from sparse woods, which was noticeable and should not be underestimated. Soil loss from arable land, woodland and grassland accounted for 52.24%, 35.65% and 11.71% of the total soil loss, respectively. We also found significant regional differences in erosion rates and a close relationship between erosion and soil conservation measures adopted. The CSLE estimates did not compare well with qualitative estimates from the National Soil Erosion Database of China (NSED-C) and only 47.77% of the territory fell within the same erosion intensity for the two approaches. However, the CSLE estimates were consistent with the results from a national survey and local assessments under experimental plots. By advocating of soil conservation measures and converting slope cropland into grass/forest and terraced field, policy interventions during 2006–2010 have reduced soil erosion on rain-fed cropland by 20% in soil erosion rate and 32% in total soil loss compared to the local assessments. The quantitative CSLE method provides a reliable estimation, due to the consideration of erosion control measures and is potentially transferable to other mountainous areas as a robust approach for rapid assessment of sheet and rill erosion.
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Mailloux, Auguste, Armand Dubé, and Lauréan Tardif. "Classement des sols selon leurs possibilités d’utilisation agricole." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 8, no. 16 (April 12, 2005): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020501ar.
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This paper presents a binary soil capability classification System which bas been developed and used in Québec since 1958. The system bas been designed to provide some basic and essential information, regarding the value of the soil, to be integrated in a broad agricultural and economic survey of the region. The basic criteria of the present system are : 1. the fundamental value of the soil determined by the characteristics of the soil profile ; and, 2. the kind and importance of management practices required, v.g. : correction of unfavourable internal or external limitations ; or, indications for a restricted use of the land such as : permanent pasture, wildlife, recreation and forestry. In this system, the capability class is derived by integrating these two variables ; or, in other words, the class is the result of the combination of these two fundamental criteria. The close relation between these two factors or parameters is ex-pressed in the scheme presented in tables I and II for mineral and organic soils respectively. This logical and practical method seems suitable and adaptable to describe any set of landscapes which are of interest to agronomists, economists and regional planning commissions. The regions of Bas-Saint-Laurent, Gaspésie, Iles-de-la-Madeleine and Montréal have been mapped according to this system.
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Neswati, Risma, Sumbangan Baja, Samsu Arif, and Hasni Hasni. "Dryland land-use conflicts in humid tropics: an analysis using geographic information systems and land capability evaluations." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.37824.
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<p>This study analyses land-use conflicts in specific dryland agricultural areas in relatively dry humid tropics based on the Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations and land-capability evaluation. This research was conducted in the Regency of Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The observation site was chosen based on several maps overlapping to produce 30 land units spread across 14 land systems in Jeneponto. This study integrates ground surveys and geographic information systems technology. The land capability analysis used a simple approach factor, according to United States Department of Agriculture definitions. The results indicate that land capability was dominated by Class IV, which covered 35,133 ha or 63.1%. Class VI covered 12,581 ha or 22.6%, Class III covered up to 4,378 ha or 7.9%, and Class VIII covered 3,130 ha or 5.6%. Class VII covered only 486 hectares, or 0.9%, the smallest area. These results indicate that the dryland area which had become a land-use conflict was delineated by Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations. The drylands found in Jeneponto cover 22,214 ha or 39.9%, which has been divided into two: an area where non-dryland agriculture was converted into dryland farming (16,503 hectares, or 29.6%), and an area where dryland-farming was converted into non-agricultural dryland area (5,711 hectares, or 10.3%). Interviews with 50 farmers in the study location revealed factors that had changed agricultural dryland use into non-agricultural dryland use; lower incomes due to decreased soil fertility was a crucial factor.</p>
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Alvar-Beltrán, Jorge, Abdalla Dao, Anna Dalla Marta, Ana Heureux, Jacob Sanou, and Simone Orlandini. "Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change and Agricultural Adaptation in Burkina Faso." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080827.
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The Sahel region is considered a hotspot for climate change hazards and vulnerability of weather reliant sectors, including agriculture. Farmers in Burkina Faso have a long history of adapting their farming activities to frequent changes in climate. Using 150 in-person surveys, this study assesses farmers’ perceptions of climate change based on multiple climate variables, and reviews adaptation practices, including soil and water conservation strategies, in the Soudanian, Soudano-Sahelian, and Sahelian agroclimatic zones of Burkina Faso. In general, farmers are aware of changing climatic conditions, including increased temperatures, greater rainfall variability, heavier precipitation events, delayed onset, and premature offset of the rainy season. However, farmers perceive shifts in climate differently depending on their location and agroclimatic zone. As a result, different adaption strategies are implemented by farmers according to the climatic, societal, and economic context. Survey results show that in the Sahel, climate adaptation strategies rely on traditional knowledge and experimental approaches; whereas in the Soudanian zone, where weather conditions are more favorable for agriculture, adaptation practices are market oriented. These regional differences are important for targeting advisory services, planning processes, and decision-making to support the effective provision of weather and climate information services to the last mile.
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Fullen, Michael A. "Soil erosion and conservation in northern Europe." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 27, no. 3 (September 2003): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133303pp385ra.
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Soil conservation policies are suggested at national, regional and local levels, including adoption and modification of several Australian, European and North American policies. The Australian Landcare system and programmes of the US Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) are particularly informative. Several European initiatives are promising models, including the strategies of the Danish Land Development Service (Hedeselskabet) and the Icelandic Soil Conservation Service (Landsgraedsla Rikisins). The Erosienormeringsprojekt of South Limburg (The Netherlands) is a coordinated and integrated soil conservation project and seems a particularly useful model for future soil conservation in northern Europe. Several best management practices for soil conservation are identified. These include the promotion of soil conservation by a properly funded and relatively well known soil conservation service and full mapping, monitoring and costing of erosion risk by national soil survey organizations. A participatory approach to soil conservation should be adopted, involving farmers and interested members of the public, and there should be a ‘cost share’ partnership between government and farmers in funding conservation work on farms. Rational land-use policies need to be developed, such as the promotion of ‘set-aside’ on erodible soils, grass strips on arable slopes and buffer strips in riparian zones. Education programmes are necessary to actively inform the public on the importance of soil as a resource. These schemes should particularly encourage ‘land literacy’ among participants. It is imperative that the broader societal benefits of effective soil conservation are recognized, such as its potential contribution to habitat creation, biodiversity and carbon sequestration.
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Fedick, Scott L. "Ancient Maya Agricultural Terracing in the Upper Belize River Area." Ancient Mesoamerica 5, no. 1 (1994): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100001073.
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AbstractRecent archaeological surveys in the upper Belize River area have documented high overall settlement densities, albeit with an uneven distribution. Analyses have defined clear relationships between the distribution of land resources of varying agricultural capability and the density of ancient residential sites. However, these investigations did not provide direct physical evidence for cultivation techniques, particularly for the intensive methods that were probably employed in areas of prime land resources and high settlement density. The discovery in 1991 of terracing in direct association with a residential site prompted further investigations into the distribution of terrace systems throughout the area. The development of a computerized Geographic Information System (GIS) facilitated the prediction of terrace distributions on the basis of slope, soil type, and the parent material from which soils form. Initial field testing of the terrace-distribution model in 1992 resulted in the identification of 13 terrace systems, all situated on low slopes in soils developed on consolidated limestone. A variety of terrace systems were identified, including small, intricate patterns of “box terraces,” contour terraces, and cross-channel terraces. Locational data on these systems were used to modify the terrace-distribution model in anticipation of further field investigations. The results allow new insights into the structure of ancient Maya land use and settlement in the area, while illustrating a method that can be used to quantify landscape characteristics, thereby facilitating comparisons between local areas within a regional context.
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Verdoodt, Ann, and Eric Van Ranst. "The Soil Information System of Rwanda: A Useful Tool to Identify Guidelines Towards Sustainable Land Management." Afrika Focus 19, no. 1-2 (February 15, 2006): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0190102004.
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The soil information system of Rwanda: a useful tool to identify guidelines towards sustainable land management. On the steep lands of Rwanda, overpopulation and degradation of the land resources are acute problems, especially against the background of present and future populations, food and agricultural demands, and opportunities and constraints. The ability of the land to produce is limited with the limits to production being set by climate, soil and landform conditions, and the use and management applied. Knowledge of the soils, their properties and their spatial distribution, is indispensable for the agricultural development of Rwanda as it opens opportunities for a more rational management of the land resources. The necessary input data for this agricultural research mainly became available through the realization and updating of a soil information system. Geographic information science and relational database software were combined to capture the spatial as well as the numerical and descriptive data gathered during the national, traditional soil survey that was finalized in 1989. The database was further extended with topographic and climatic data and has been used to characterise the physical production environment that farmers face in the different agricultural regions of the country. Several land evaluation tools, adapted to the Rwandan environment, have subsequently been developed, evaluating the options for stronger crop regionalisation, the strategies for more rational regional land use planning, and the possibilities for further intensification of the crop production.
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Wilson, B. A., V. J. Neldner, and A. Accad. "The extent and status of remnant vegetation in Queensland and its implications for statewide vegetation management and legislation." Rangeland Journal 24, no. 1 (2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj02001.
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Vegetation classification, survey and mapping provide key information underpinning the implementation of statewide vegetation management legislation and associated policies in Queensland. This paper summarises: (i) the Queensland Herbarium survey and mapping methods and land classification system and its role in vegetation management legislation; and, (ii) the current extent and rate of vegetation clearing by bioregion, sub-region and Broad Vegetation Group; (iii) and the amount of vegetation protected under legislated statewide bioregional and regional ecosystem thresholds. Information also is provided on the pre-clearing and current extent by 18 Broad Vegetation Groups and the area of non-remnant woody vegetation by bioregion. The implications for vegetation management are discussed, along with a comparison of clearing statistics derived from other studies that use different classification and mapping methodologies. The majority of Queensland has relatively continuous native vegetation cover (82% remnant native vegetation remaining in 1999). The productive soils of the southern part of the Brigalow Belt, lowlands in South-east Queensland, New England Tableland and Central Queensland Coast have been, however, extensively cleared with 7–30% of remnant vegetation remaining. Between 1997 and 1999, the annual rate of remnant clearing in Queensland was 4460 km2 of which over 60% occurred in the Brigalow Belt bioregion. A greater proportion of this recent clearing occurred in Broad Vegetation Groups that are associated with less fertile and/or more arid parts of the State compared with pre 1997 clearing. For bioregions and regional ecosystems where past clearing has been extensive, a substantial proportion (50–91%) of the remaining vegetation is protected by bioregional and regional ecosystem thresholds prescribed under statewide legislation and associated policies. For other bioregions and regional ecosystems, other factors such as rainfall, soil and areas of high conservation value are likely to play a larger role in determining the amount of vegetation protected. However, the effectiveness of the Queensland legislation cannot be assessed until regional planning processes have been completed and all criteria addressed.
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Silalahi, Fatimah Aulia, Zainabun Zainabun, and Hairul Basri. "Kajian Sifat Fisika Tanah pada Lahan Budidaya Sub DAS Krueng Jreu Kabupaten Aceh Besar." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 2 (March 7, 2020): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.11075.
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Kajian Sifat Fisika Tanah pada Lahan Budidaya Sub DAS Krueng Jreu Kabupaten Aceh BesarAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai karakteristik sifat fisika tanah lahan budidaya pada Sub DAS Krueng Jreu Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Informasi ini dapat berguna sebagai bahan pertimbangan bagi pengelola dalam menyusun perencanaan pembangunan daerah setempat yang sesuai dengan karakteristik fisik DAS. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif, dengan cara survei tanah dan pengamatan langsung di lokasi penelitian kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan sampel tanah untuk analisis tanah di laboratorium. Pengambilan sampel penelitian di peroleh dari overlay peta lereng, peta penggunaan lahan, dan peta jenis tanah pada lahan budidaya Sub DAS Krueng Jreu sehingga diperoleh 9 titik sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tekstur tanah liat berdebu, lempung dan lempung berdebu, bobot isi tanah sangat tinggi, porositas buruk, permeabilitas lambat sampai sangat lambat, laju infiltrasi lambat, dan kandungan C-organik rendah sampai sangat rendah.Kata kunci: Sifat Fisika Tanah, InfiltrasiStudy on Soil Physical on Land Cultivation of Sub Watershed Krueng Jreu Aceh Besar DistrictAbstract. This research aims to know the value of characteristic physical properties of soil on land cultivation of Sub Watershed Krueng Jreu Aceh Besar District. The information can be useful as consideration for the organizer in drawing up local regional development planning which corresponds to the physical characteristics of watershed. The research of methodology by using descriptive survey method, by means of soil survey and observation on site research was continued by sampling the soil for soil analysis in the laboratory. The sample of the research in overlay map obtained from a slope, land use map, and a map of soil types on land cultivation Sub Watershed Krueng Jreu so total samples are 9 points. The results of the research showed the texture are sandy clay loam, loam and silty loam, soil weight is very high, bad porocity, permeability is slow until very slow, the rate of infiltration is slow, and the C-organic content is low until very low.Key words: Physical Properties of Soil, Infiltration
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Liu, Hongbin, Shunting Li, and Yuepeng Zhou. "Spatial-Temporal Variability of Soil Organic Matter in Urban Fringe over 30 Years: A Case Study in Northeast China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010292.
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The study on soil organic matter (SOM) is of great importance to regional cultivated land use and protection. Based on data collected via continuous and high-density soil samples (0–20 cm) and socio-economic data collected from household survey and local bureau of statistics, this study employs geostatistics and economic statistical methods to investigate the spatial-temporal variation of SOM contents during 1980–2010 in the urban fringe of Sujiatun district in Shenyang City, China. We find that: (1) as to temporal variation, SOM contents in the study sites decreased from 30.88 g/kg in 1980 to 22.63 g/kg in 2000. It further declined to 20.07 g/kg in 2010; (2) in terms of spatial variation, the closer to city center, the more decline of SOM contents. Contrarily, SOM contents could even rise in outer suburb area; and (3) SOM content variation may be closely related to human factors such as farmers’ land use target and behaviour including inputs of chemical and organic fertilizers, types of crops and etc. These findings are conductive to grasp the overall trend of SOM variation and the influence of farmers’ land use behaviour on it. Furthermore, they could provide support for policymakers to agricultural planning and land use monitoring, which consequently aids the improvement of soil quality and food production in the urban fringe areas.
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Berg, Håkan, Deogratias Mulokozi, and Lars Udikas. "A GIS Assessment of the Suitability of Tilapia and Clarias Pond Farming in Tanzania." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050354.
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Aquaculture production in Tanzania has increased in recent years, responding to an increased demand for fish, but the scale and productivity of smallholder aquaculture remains below the level needed to support significant sector growth in Tanzania. This study assesses, through geospatial analyses, the suitability for freshwater pond farming of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus in Tanzania, by assessing the geographical distribution of seven criteria (water availability, water temperature, soil texture, terrain slope, availability of farm inputs, potential farm-gate sales, and access to local markets) identified as important for fish pond farming. The criteria were developed and standardized from 15 sub-criteria, which were classified into a four-level suitability scale based on physical scores. The individual weights of the different criteria in the overall GIS suitability assessment were determined through a multi-criteria evaluation. The final results were validated and compared through field observations, interviews with 89 rural and 11 urban aquaculture farmers, and a questionnaire survey with 16 regional fisheries officers. Our results indicate that there is a good potential for aquaculture in Tanzania. Almost 60% of Tanzania is assessed as being suitable and 40% as moderately suitable for small-scale subsistence pond farming, which is the dominating fish farming practice currently. The corresponding figures for medium-scale commercial farming, which many regions expect to be the dominating farming method within ten-years, were 52% and 47% respectively. The availability of water was the most limiting factor for fish pond farming, which was confirmed by both farmers and regional fisheries officers, and assessed as being “suitable” in only 28% of the country. The availability of farm-gate sales and local markets were “moderate suitable” to “suitable” and were seen as a constraint for commercial farms in rural areas. The availability of farm inputs (agriculture waste and manure) was overall good (26% very suitable and 32% suitable), but high-quality fish feed was seen as a constraint to aquaculture development, both by farmers and regional fisheries officers. Soil, terrain, and water temperature conditions were assessed as good, especially at low altitudes and in regions close to the sea and south of Lake Victoria.
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Choi, Jung-Ryel, Il-Moon Chung, Se-Jin Jeung, Kyung-Su Choo, Cheong-Hyeon Oh, and Byung-Sik Kim. "Development and Verification of the Available Number of Water Intake Days in Ungauged Local Water Source Using the SWAT Model and Flow Recession Curves." Water 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111511.
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Climate change significantly affects water supply availability due to changes in the magnitude and seasonality of runoff and severe drought events. In the case of Korea, despite a high water supply ratio, more populations have continued to suffer from restricted regional water supplies. Though Korea enacted the Long-Term Comprehensive Water Resources Plan, a field survey revealed that the regional government organizations limitedly utilized their drought-related data. These limitations present a need for a system that provides a more intuitive drought review, enabling a more prompt response. Thus, this study presents a rating curve for the available number of water intake days per flow, and reviews and calibrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model mediators, and found that the coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) from 2007 to 2011 were at 0.92%, 0.84%, and 7.2%, respectively, which were “very good” levels. The flow recession curve was proposed after calculating the daily long-term flow and extracted the flow recession trends during days without precipitation. In addition, the SWAT model’s flow data enables the quantitative evaluations of the number of available water intake days without precipitation because of the high hit rate when comparing the available number of water intake days with the limited water supply period near the study watershed. Thus, this study can improve drought response and water resource management plans.
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Felfili, Jeanine Maria, and Manoel Claudio da Silva. "A comparative study of cerrado (sensu stricto) vegetation in Central Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 3 (August 1993): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007306.
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ABSTRACTFloristic and structural comparisons and a numerical classification were performed to identify the priority areas for conservation of genetic resources in central Brazil. The main type of woody vegetation, cerrado sensu stricto (savanna woodland with 10–60% tree cover), was sampled under a uniform methodology in six selected sites (total sample of 6 ha) scattered in a physiographic unit called the Pratinha Plateau located between 15–20° S and 46–49° W. A total of 6971 trees belonging to 139 species and 42 families was measured. Each site had a combination of 50–80 species and approximately 30 families but only 22 species from 14 families were common to all sites. Similarity decreased with distance, indicating the existence of geographical gradients as the physical characteristics were relatively uniform and the soils were dystrophic at all sites. The most dissimilar sites, in the localities of Patrocínio-MG and Paracatu-MG were recommended for the establishment of conservation units. The already existent conservation units arc all clumped in the Federal District and are not enough to protect the genetic heritage of the plateau. Floristics and phytosociological surveys based on land system zoning were recommended as useful tools in planning conservation areas at a regional level to preserve the maximum biodiversity.
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Opp, Christian, Michael Groll, Hamidreza Abbasi, and Mansour Ahmadi Foroushani. "Causes and Effects of Sand and Dust Storms: What Has Past Research Taught Us? A Survey." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14070326.
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Barren ground and sites with low coverage by vegetation (e.g., dunes, soil surfaces, dry lakes, and riverbeds) are the main source areas of sand and dust storms (SDS). The understanding of causes, processes (abrasion, deflation, transport, deposition), and influencing factors of sandy and dusty particles moving by wind both in the boundary layer and in the atmosphere are basic prerequisites to distinguish between SDS. Dust transport in the atmosphere modulates radiation, ocean surface temperature, climate, as well as snow and ice cover. The effects of airborne particles on land are varied and can cause advantages and disadvantages, both in source areas and in sink or deposition areas, with disturbances of natural environments and anthropogenic infrastructure. Particulate matter in general and SDS specifically can cause severe health problems in human respiratory and other organs, especially in children. Economic impacts can be equally devastating, but the costs related to SDS are not thoroughly studied. The available data show huge economic damages caused by SDS and by the mitigation of their effects. Management of SDS-related hazards utilizes remote sensing techniques, on-site observations, and protective measures. Integrated strategies are necessary during both the planning and monitoring of these measures. Such integrated strategies can be successful when they are developed and implemented in close cooperation with the local and regional population and stakeholders.
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Dinis, Pedro A., João Huvi, Marina Cabral Pinto, and Joel Carvalho. "Disastrous Flash Floods Triggered by Moderate to Minor Rainfall Events. Recent Cases in Coastal Benguela (Angola)." Hydrology 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8020073.
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The present work focuses on two recent flash floods in coastal Benguela (Angola), both triggered by moderate rainfall but which had disastrous consequences for local populations (namely 71 deaths in 2015 and 17 in 2019). The research involved a regional survey to establish the effects of these floods combined with a geomorphological and socio-economic analysis of the most affected areas to understand the main forcing factors. The two flash floods produced major damage in restricted sectors within very small coastal catchments (<16 km2). The prevalence of fine-grained sedimentary rocks, relatively steep hills, thin soil cover, and vegetation scarcity are natural factors that promote surface runoff. However, socio-economic conditions are most likely the main reasons of flood damage. Namely, rapid population growth with poor planning and making use of low-quality construction materials, the high waste yields that are not properly managed and the absence of flood risk awareness. In the small valleys around the fast-growing cities of coastal Benguela, hazardous flash floods occur recurrently, even after moderate precipitation. Most affected areas are determined by local conditions that compromise drainage at the time of the rainfall event, being very difficult to predict.
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Tootchi, Ardalan, Anne Jost, and Agnès Ducharne. "Multi-source global wetland maps combining surface water imagery and groundwater constraints." Earth System Science Data 11, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-189-2019.
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Abstract. Many maps of open water and wetlands have been developed based on three main methods: (i) compiling national and regional wetland surveys, (ii) identifying inundated areas via satellite imagery and (iii) delineating wetlands as shallow water table areas based on groundwater modeling. However, the resulting global wetland extents vary from 3 % to 21 % of the land surface area because of inconsistencies in wetland definitions and limitations in observation or modeling systems. To reconcile these differences, we propose composite wetland (CW) maps, combining two classes of wetlands: (1) regularly flooded wetlands (RFWs) obtained by overlapping selected open-water and inundation datasets; and (2) groundwater-driven wetlands (GDWs) derived from groundwater modeling (either direct or simplified using several variants of the topographic index). Wetlands are statically defined as areas with persistent near-saturated soil surfaces because of regular flooding or shallow groundwater, disregarding most human alterations (potential wetlands). Seven CW maps were generated at 15 arcsec resolution (ca. 500 m at the Equator) using geographic information system (GIS) tools and by combining one RFW and different GDW maps. To validate this approach, these CW maps were compared with existing wetland datasets at the global and regional scales. The spatial patterns were decently captured, but the wetland extents were difficult to assess compared to the dispersion of the validation datasets. Compared with the only regional dataset encompassing both GDWs and RFWs, over France, the CW maps performed well and better than all other considered global wetland datasets. Two CW maps, showing the best overall match with the available evaluation datasets, were eventually selected. These maps provided global wetland extents of 27.5 and 29 million km2, i.e., 21.1 % and 21.6 % of the global land area, which are among the highest values in the literature and are in line with recent estimates also recognizing the contribution of GDWs. This wetland class covers 15 % of the global land area compared with 9.7 % for RFW (with an overlap of ca. 3.4 %), including wetlands under canopy and/or cloud cover, leading to high wetland densities in the tropics and small scattered wetlands that cover less than 5 % of land but are highly important for hydrological and ecological functioning in temperate to arid areas. By distinguishing the RFWs and GDWs based globally on uniform principles, the proposed dataset might be useful for large-scale land surface modeling (hydrological, ecological and biogeochemical modeling) and environmental planning. The dataset consisting of the two selected CW maps and the contributing GDW and RFW maps is available from PANGAEA at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892657 (Tootchi et al., 2018).
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Crawford, Brian A., John C. Maerz, and Clinton T. Moore. "Expert-Informed Habitat Suitability Analysis for At-Risk Species Assessment and Conservation Planning." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092019-jfwm-075.
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Abstract The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is responsible for reviewing the biological status of hundreds of species to determine federal status designations under the Endangered Species Act. The longleaf pine Pinus palustris ecological system supports many priority at-risk species designated for review, including five species of herpetofauna: gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus, southern hognose snake Heterodon simus, Florida pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus, gopher frog Lithobates (Rana) capito, and striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus. To inform status decisions and conservation planning, we developed habitat suitability models to 1) identify habitat features that best predict species presence and 2) estimate the amount and distribution of suitable habitat across each species' range under current conditions. We incorporated expert judgment from federal, state, and other partners to capture variation in ecological settings across species' ranges, prioritize predictor variables to test in models, mitigate data limitations by informing the selection of pseudoabsence points, qualitatively evaluate model estimates, and improve the likelihood that experts will trust and use model predictions for conservation. Soil characteristics, land cover, and fire interval strongly influenced habitat suitability for all species. Suitable habitat was distributed on known species strongholds, as well as private lands without known species records. Between 4.7% (gopher frog) and 14.6% (gopher tortoise) of the area in a species' range was classified as suitable habitat, and between 28.1% (southern hognose snake) and 47.5% (gopher frog) of suitable habitat was located in patches larger than 1 km2 (100 ha) on publicly owned lands. By overlaying predictions for each species, we identified areas of suitable habitat for multiple species on protected and unprotected lands. These results have direct applications to management and conservation planning: partners can tailor site-level management based on attributes associated with high habitat suitability for species of concern; allocate survey effort in areas with suitable habitat but no known species records; and identify priority areas for management, land acquisitions, or other strategies based on the distribution of species records, suitable habitat, and land protection status. These results can aid regional partners in implementing effective conservation strategies and inform status designation decisions of the USFWS.
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Lara-Gómez, Miguel A., Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Carlos J. Ceacero, Francisco J. Ruiz-Goméz, José Luis Díaz-Hernández, and Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez. "Use of Aerial Laser Scanning to Assess the Effect on C Sequestration of Oak (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota [Desf.]Samp-Q. suber L.) Afforestation on Agricultural Land." Geosciences 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020041.
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Conversion of agricultural lands to forest plantations to mitigate rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has been proposed, but it depends on accurate estimation of the on-site carbon (C) stocks distribution. The use of aerial laser scanning (ALS) data is a rapidly evolving technology for the quantification of C stocks. We evaluated the use of allometric models together with high-density ALS data for the quantification of biomass and soil C stocks in a 14-year-old Quercus ilex and Q. suber plantation in Southwestern Spain. In 2010, a field survey was performed and tree dasometric and biomass variables were measured. Forty-five soil profiles (N = 180 soil samples) were taken systematically and the soil organic C content (SOC) was determined. Biomass and soil organic C values were regressed against individual dasometric variables and total tree height was used as a predictor variable. Aerial laser scanning data were acquired with a point density of 12 points m−2. Relationships among ALS metrics and tree height were determined using stepwise regression models and used in the allometric models to estimate biomass and SOC C stocks. Finally, a C stock map of the holm-cork oak cover in the study area was generated. We found a tree total biomass of 27.9 kg tree−1 for holm oak and 41.1 kg tree−1 for cork oak. In the holm oak plantation, the SOC content was 36.90 Mg ha−1 for the layer 0–40 cm (SOC40) under the tree crown and 29.26 Mg ha−1 for the inter-planted area, with significant differences from the reference agricultural land (33.35 Mg ha−1). Linear regression models were developed to predict the biomass and SOC at the tree scale, based on tree height (R2 > 0.72 for biomass, and R2 > 0.62 for SOC). The overall on-site C stock in the holm-cork oak plantation was 35.11 Mg ha−1, representing a net C stock rise of 0.47 Mg ha−1 yr−1. The ALS data allows a reliable estimation of C stocks in holm and cork oak plantations and high-resolution maps of on-site C stocks are useful for silvicultural planning. The cost of ALS data acquisition has decreased and this method can be generalised to plantations of other Mediterranean species established on agricultural lands at regional scales. However, an increase of filed data and the availability of local biomass and, in particular, SOC will improve accurate quantification of the C stocks from allometric equations, and extrapolation to large planted areas.
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Bui, Elisabeth N., Andrew Loughhead, and Robert Corner. "Extracting soil-landscape rules from previous soil surveys." Soil Research 37, no. 3 (1999): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98047.
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Where map legends and map unit definitions reflect the mental models used by soil surveyors to map soils in the past, the association between soil map units and other environmental spatial data can be re-modelled to infer formal survey rules. These rules then can be used to guide subsequent re-interpretations of spatial information for the same area or for another area judged to be similar. Classification trees and Bayesian statistical modelling were used to extract soil mapping rules from an existing map using the Toowoomba area in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, as a case study. In the Toowoomba map area, regional soil-landscape rules could be extracted by combining geology and DEM-derived attributes. The two approaches achieved comparable success.
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Zhao, Rui, Kening Wu, Xiaoliang Li, Nan Gao, and Mingming Yu. "Discussion on the Unified Survey and Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality at County Scale for China’s 3rd National Land Survey: A Case Study of Wen County, Henan Province." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052513.
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Under the task requirements of China’s 3rd national land survey on the grade determination of cultivated land, research on a reasonable and unified survey and evaluation system of cultivated land quality (CLQ) is of great importance. From the three dimensions of agricultural climate, production potential, and health status components of cultivated land, six factors are selected in this study to construct a set of simple, practicable, and operable county-level CLQ survey and evaluation system. These factors are climate conditions of cultivated land, soil characteristics, tillage conditions, the attributes of cultivated land type, environmental conditions, and biological activity. The developed survey and evaluation system meets the demands of national engineering for the inclusion and coordination of multiple departments based on the current evaluation system and evaluation methodology of all relevant land administrative departments. Wen County, Henan Province is used for field verification and evaluation. Results demonstrate that the average quality index of cultivated land in Wen County is 2196.33, ranging from 660.70 to 2802.96 with the largest area of the first-class and second-class land accounting for 20.98% and 52.61% of the county’s cultivated land, respectively; the third-class and fourth-class land, 12.63% and 13.78%. The obvious regional differentiation characteristics are presented along the boundary of Qingfengling with the quality of northern cultivated land higher than that in the south. The comparison with the results of the national utilization gradation in 2018 infers that they are in accordance with the distribution of CLQ, which bears a significant positive correlation trend with the measured grain output of the field. The constructed evaluation system serves as a rewarding attempt of a unified survey and evaluation of CLQ at the county scale to reflect the production capacity of local crops, realize the sharing of data platforms, save manpower and capital investment, improve the practical connection of supervision and management of cultivated land protection in different departments, and meet the requirements of current cultivated land protection and management.
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Schori, A., W. J. Hastle, D. K. McQueen, G. V. Minning, and E. C. Wenzel. "Coal mine soil and overburden surveys and reclamation planning." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1989, no. 1 (1989): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr89010579.
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Lau, C‐P, and R. Whitlow. "regional activity centre surveys gold coast, Queensland." Journal of Spatial Science 52, no. 1 (June 2007): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2007.9635109.
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Santos, Joel Silva dos, Beatriz Cristina Barbalho de Melo, Lincoln Eloi de Araújo, and Évio Eduardo Chaves de Melo. "Caracterização do Campo Térmico Urbano e suas Relações com o Uso e Ocupação do Solo no Campus Central da UFPB (Urban Climate: Characterization of Thermal Field and its Relations with the Different Forms of Soil Usage and Occupation in the Central...)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 3 (September 24, 2011): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i3.232731.
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O trabalho correlaciona como as diferentes formas de uso e cobertura do solo interfere nas condições do campo térmico do Campus I da UFPB localizado na cidade de João Pessoa, PB. Para a realização da pesquisa inicialmente foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito da temática em questão, seguido do reconhecimento da área de estudo e das medições in loco para a coleta dos dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. O experimento de campo foi realizado em 06 pontos representativos do campus durante dois períodos distintos, um chuvoso e o outro seco, de forma a caracterizar as condições do campo térmico local, devido ao adensamento de construções e a presença de arborização. Para o cálculo do índice de conforto térmico foi utilizado o Índice de Thom. Os resultados demonstraram que as diferentes formas de uso e ocupação do solo têm alterado o campo térmico da área em estudo, e gerado uma série de preocupações entre os planejadores desse espaço. Dentre as principais preocupações estão as relacionadas ao crescimento da estrutura da universidade (que se torna inevitável) devido à rápida expansão acadêmica e a diminuição das áreas verdes, que desempenham um papel importante para amenização climática. O Campus Universitário carece de estudos que correlacionem o crescimento das construções com as condições de conforto térmico da população. Em virtude disso, este trabalho tem grande relevância e importância, uma vez que procura articular os estudos na área de climatologia urbana ao planejamento e ordenamento territorial urbano. Palavras Chave: Clima Urbano, Campo Térmico, Índice de Desconforto Térmico Urban Climate: Characterization of Thermal Field and its Relations with the Different Forms of Soil Usage and Occupation in the Central Campus of UFPB ABSTRACT The work seeks to correlate how different forms of use and land cover interfere under conditions of thermal field of UFPB Campus I located in the city of João Pessoa-PB. To carry out the search was initially made a bibliographic survey regarding the subject in question, followed by the recognition of the study area and spot measurements for the collection of data of temperature and relative humidity. Field experiment was conducted on 06 representative points of campus during two distinct periods, a rainy and dryin order to characterize the conditions of the local thermal field, due to the densification of constructions and the presence of af forestation. For the calculation of thermal comfort index was used the index of Thom. The results demonstrated that the different forms of soil usage and occupation have changed the thermal field of the área under study, and generated a number of concerns among the planners of this space. Among the main concerns are related to the growth of the University's structure (that becomes unavoidable) due to rapid academic expansion and decline of Green areas, which play an important role for climate thawing. The Campus lacks studies that correlate the growth of buildings with thermal comfort conditions of the population. As a result, this work has great relevance and importance, since it seeks to articulate the studies in the area of urban climatology to urban planning and regional planning. Keywords: Urban climate, Thermal Field, Thermal Discomfort index
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Prokop, Paweł. "Degradacja powierzchni ziemi – zakres terminologiczny, metody oceny i perspektywy badań = Land degradation – definitions, methods and research perspectives." Przegląd Geograficzny 92, no. 1 (2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2020.1.1.
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The analysis of the Scopus bibliographic database indicates a doubling of the frequency of use of the term land degradation in scientific articles from 302 to 658 times between 2010 and 2018. Most often it was used in publications in the fields of environmental, agricultural, biological, social and earth sciences, respectively. The growing interest in land degradation reflects expected population growth and the consequent increasing pressure on the natural environment on a global scale, with it at the same time being difficult to predict the effects of extreme events due to climate change. The purpose of the article is to review the definition of land degradation from the point of view of various scientific disciplines, and to draw attention to the methods of identification and assessment of land degradation, as well as research perspectives. The review of definitions indicates that land degradation is a complex concept lacking a single identifying feature. It describes how natural resources (soil, water, vegetation, rocks, air and topography) are depleted or experience a lowering in quality. Although a precise definition of the concept of degradation is not possible, due to the existence of many factors responsible for it, land degradation is by definition not merely an environmental problem, but also a social once. The diverse range of land degradation concepts results in difficulties with the development of methodology and the supply of comparable information. The choice of identification method and degradation assessment, next to the purpose of the study, depends on the latter’s spatial scale. At detailed scales, over areas of up to approx. 100 km2 (e.g. a small catchment), expert knowledge is most often used in conjunction with field survey and the analysis of cartographic and remote-sensing data. In the assessment of land degradation on a medium scale (that of a region or country), a desertification and land-use analysis developed for the Mediterranean region – MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) is often used. It takes into account the values of several physical variables, including climate characteristics, soil features, vegetation and anthropogenic factors, including land use with the forms of environmental protection. MEDALUS is a stable degradation assessment procedure, verified in many European countries, including Central Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, as well as China’s subtropical zone. Only four approaches have so far been used to assess degradation on a global scale. All studies were based on proxy data in the form of degradation indicators derived from expert studies at various scales, satellite observations, biophysical models and the inventorying of abandoned farmland. The presented definitions, research methods and results of studies on degradation indicate that there are still serious deficiencies with the identification of degradation factors and the study of their interactions, especially at regional and national levels. The gathering together of many local expert studies into unified databases should facilitate transition to analysis at the level of large physico-geographical regions and countries. In this context, the possibility of an assessment of land degradation being combined with one relating to the provisioning of ecosystem services would seem particularly interesting.
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Gray, Jonathan, Greg Chapman, Xihua Yang, and Mark Young. "Soil and land constraint assessment for urban and regional planning." Australian Planner 45, no. 2 (June 2008): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2008.9982647.
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Gray, Jonathan, Greg Chapman, Xihua Yang, and Mark Young. "Soil and land constraint assessment for urban and regional planning." Australian Planner 48, no. 1 (March 2011): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2011.530585.
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Stout, Heidi M., and Brad D. Lee. "Land Use Planning Exercise Using Geographic Information Systems and Digital Soil Surveys." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 33, no. 1 (2004): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2004.0011.
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Akinremi, O. O., S. M. McGinn, and A. E. Howard. "Regional simulation of fall and spring soil moisture in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-010.
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The recurrence of agricultural drought on the prairies has increased the demand for soil moisture information by farmers, regional planners and supporting sectors of agriculture. In response, estimation of regional soil moisture by soil survey is conducted despite its being resource intensive and having limited resolution in time and space. Models that estimate soil moisture on a regional scale would contribute to the evaluation of regional water deficits and overcome problems related to conducting field surveys. This study uses a modified version of the versatile soil moisture budget to estimate available soil moisture within the root zone on a regional scale. The spatial pattern of modelled soil moisture in the fall was similar to that mapped by soil survey. Of the 145 grid points compared, agreement between modelled and field survey was 60% or higher in 5 out of 8 yr. However, too few years of data were available for a reliable assessment of model performance in the spring. The simulated soil moisture was sensitive, and directly related to the value used for available water capacity (AWC). Accurate values of AWC are necessary for accurate simulation of regional soil moisture. Key words: Soil moisture, modelling, water capacity, regional estimates, Canadian prairies
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Auvinet, G., E. Méndez-Sánchez, and M. Juárez-Camarena. "New information on regional subsidence and soil fracturing in Mexico City Valley." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-39-2015.
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Abstract. In this paper, updated information about regional subsidence in Mexico City downtown area is presented. Data obtained by R. Gayol in 1891, are compared with information obtained recently from surveys using the reference points of Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de México (2008) and on the elevation of a cloud of points on the ground surface determined using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology. In addition, this paper provides an overview of recent data obtained from systematic studies focused on understanding soil fracturing associated with regional land subsidence and mapping of areas susceptible to cracking in Mexico City Valley.
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Sun, Shuai. "Planning of Botanical Garden on Saline-Alkali Soil." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2761.
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The planning of Botanical Garden on Saline-alkali Soil has important forward-looking and strategic significance for urban in saline-alkali soil district to explore the core value of saline land as a regional land resources. The core principles include the ecological priority, scientific repair, science demonstration, rational use and sustainable development.
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Deuflhard, Peter, Anton Schiela, and Martin Weiser. "Mathematical cancer therapy planning in deep regional hyperthermia." Acta Numerica 21 (April 19, 2012): 307–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962492912000049.
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This paper surveys the mathematics required for a typically challenging problem from computational medicine: cancer therapy planning in deep regional hyperthermia. In the course of many years of close cooperation with clinics, the medical problem has given rise to many subtle mathematical problems, some of which were unsolved when the project started. Efficiency of numerical algorithms, i.e., computational speed and monitored reliability, plays a decisive role in the medical treatment. Off-the-shelf software had turned out to be insufficient to meet the requirements of medicine. Instead, new mathematical theory as well as new numerical algorithms had to be developed. In order to make our algorithms useful in the clinical environment, new visualization software, i.e., a ‘virtual lab’, including three-dimensional geometry processing of individual virtual patients, had to be designed and implemented. Moreover, before the problems could be attacked by numerical algorithms, careful mathematical modelling had to be done. Finally, parameter identification and constrained optimization for the PDEs had to be newly analysed and realized over the individual patient's geometry. Our new techniques had an impact on the specificity of the treatment of individual patients and on the construction of an improved hyperthermia applicator.
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Gould, W. T. S. "Regional Surveys of the World. Africa South of the Sahara 1996." Geographical Journal 163, no. 2 (July 1997): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060188.
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Giuliano, G., and F. M. Spaziani. "Water use statistics in industry. Experiences from regional surveys and planning studies in Italy." Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 3, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sju-1985-3207.
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Næsset, Erik, Terje Gobakken, Ole Martin Bollandsås, Timothy G. Gregoire, Ross Nelson, and Göran Ståhl. "Comparison of precision of biomass estimates in regional field sample surveys and airborne LiDAR-assisted surveys in Hedmark County, Norway." Remote Sensing of Environment 130 (March 2013): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.010.
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Parsons, Jeffrey R. "AN APPRAISAL OF REGIONAL SURVEYS IN THE BASIN OF MEXICO, 1960–1975." Ancient Mesoamerica 26, no. 1 (2015): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536115000097.
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AbstractIn this paper I focus on the regional surveys undertaken in 1960–1975—their development, implementation, key accomplishments, and major shortcomings. I also point to how resulting survey data and surface collections have provided the foundations for subsequent research on a variety of specific problems, sites, and locales, and how complementary historical and ethnographical studies have contributed to interpretations of pre-Columbian settlement patterns. I consider how off-site survey can, and should, complement the more extensive regional surveys that have been carried out in the past. While lamenting the archaeological record lost to modern development, in a more positive vein I suggest lines of productive future investigation that might still be undertaken to extend the significance of past results, evaluate a series of questions and hypotheses defined by the surveys, and help conserve archaeological sites and collections for future study.
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Oseni, Zainab, Farah Seedat, and Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala. "HIV EPIDEMIC HETEROGENEITY IN ZIMBABWE: EVIDENCE FROM SUCCESSIVE DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS." Journal of Biosocial Science 50, no. 6 (January 15, 2018): 840–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000657.
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SummaryZimbabwe has one of the worst HIV epidemics in the world. This study investigated data from two successive Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS) conducted in 2005–06 and 2010–11. A random representative sample of 30,000 men aged 15–59 and women aged 15–49 was selected from the two surveys. The HIV prevalence was mapped with a flexible, coherent regression framework using a geo-additive semi-parametric mixed model. HIV indicator prevalence maps were constructed at the regional level, and at the administrative level relevant for policy design, planning and decision-making. Substantial regional variation was found, not only in the burden of HIV, but also in its risk factors. The results suggest that responses/policies should vary at the regional level to ensure that the often diverse needs of populations across a country are met and incorporated into planning the HIV response. The use of geographically referenced data in two successive ZDHS provides crucial new insights into the spatial characteristics of the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe. In particular, it highlights the HIV heterogeneity across Zimbabwe, with substantial regional variation, not only in the burden of HIV, but also in its risk factors.
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Keighery, Greg J., Neil Gibson, Stephen van Leeuwen, Michael N. Lyons, and Sue Patrick. "Biological survey and setting priorities for flora conservation in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06102.
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Biological survey has been an integral component of conservation planning in Western Australia for >30 years, providing baseline data for reserve selection and the management of biodiversity at the genetic, species and community levels. Flora surveys are particularly important, given the diverse and poorly documented nature of the state’s vascular flora. Surveys have been conducted at the following four scales: regional, subregional, local and individual species. At all scales, flora surveys have provided detail on individual taxon distribution, have identified previously unknown or unrecognised taxa, have located presumed extinct taxa and have substantially contributed to information on the distribution of threatened flora. Regional-scale surveys normally involve multidisciplinary teams studying a broad selection of the biota. These combined plot-based data are used to develop a ‘classify-then-model’ approach to assessment of comprehensiveness, adequacy and representativeness of the regional conservation reserve system. These regional models describe the broad-scale patterning of common taxa but their utility in reflecting patterns in naturally rare or highly restricted taxa is uncertain. Results from recent surveys show poor correlations between floristic patterning and other components of the biota.
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Terzano, Kathryn, and Victoria Morckel. "SimCity in the Community Planning Classroom." Journal of Planning Education and Research 37, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x16628959.
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This article has three objectives. It first examines whether the latest version of SimCity can achieve learning objectives related to systems thinking, problem solving, creativity, and regional understanding in the classroom. Second, it examines whether the game influences student interest in planning. Third, it considers whether the game impacts students’ perception of the discipline. Using instructor observation, students’ game creations, and surveys, we find that the game can achieve the aforementioned learning objectives, increase student interest, and increase the perception of planning as being creative and fun. The results have implications for instruction, student recruitment, and perceptions of the field.
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Tomaney, John. "Region and place III." Progress in Human Geography 41, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132515601775.
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This report surveys the growing interest in understanding local and regional development in terms of its contribution to human well-being. It highlights the limits of traditional measures of development, notably GDP and its variants, and charts the search for alternative measures of development. It examines attempts to introduce a concern with well-being in local and regional development policy and the political barriers to achieving this.
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Ameti, Perparim, and Besim Ajvazi. "GIS IN SOIL SURVEY AND SOIL MAPPING." Geodesy and cartography 47, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2021.12116.
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The main goal of this paper is to present a methodology for land evaluation by supporting decision-makers with reliable information for the land-use planning process. One of the focuses of this paper is given to the survey process and interpretation between soil survey, soil survey interpretation, and physical land evaluation. Such processes are realized using mobile mapping tools with integrated Global Position Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Both have increased the efficiency of data communication technologies by enabling real-time communication between people located in the field and office as well. For the soil classification as a key component of soil surveys is used World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil Resources. This is a common tool to summarize the wealth of information from soil profiles for the purpose of land evaluation. The final results showed a soil classification map. Such results are derived from many activities, since it includes a preliminary land evaluation, field soil survey with auger holes and profiles as well. This methodology is used for the first time in the selected study area.
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Ferguson, J. J., C. L. Taylor, and G. D. Israel. "Citrus Management Surveys as Tools for Extension Programming." HortTechnology 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.1.67.
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Six comprehensive surveys of the Florida citrus industry (345,645 ha), published from 1989 to 1993 as extension bulletins, provide information essential for long-range research and extension program planning and evaluation. These surveys documented changes in production practices, regional priorities for extension programming, marketing trends, and grower ranking of information sources. While formal, comprehensive surveys may be a valuable tool in long-range extension programming for large horticultural industries, more rapid, creative survey methods and educational programs may be needed for more timely programs and for specialized industry groups.
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Talapessy, Ronaldo, Tomoaki Ikegami, and Hiroaki Yoshida. "Measurement of Apparent Electrical Impedance of Soil with Water Flow Inside." Water 12, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092328.
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Understanding the flow of groundwater is very important, not only for water management but also for the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters. The electrical resistivity method has been established as an effective groundwater exploration method in geological surveys. The purpose of this study is to develop an accurate investigation method for groundwater flow using soil impedance fluctuations. As a preliminary experiment, the apparent soil impedance was measured by applying a low-frequency current through a soil column with water flow inside. The apparent impedance showed fluctuations due to water flow at frequencies above 20 Hz, and the fluctuation range increased with the flow rate of water. It has been proposed that groundwater flow can be detected by measuring impedance fluctuations, and it is considered that this method can be applied to groundwater surveys and embankment and reservoir leak surveys.
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Khan, Shahbaz, Hector M. Malano, and Brian Davidson. "System harmonisation: a framework for applied regional irrigation business planning." Irrigation and Drainage 57, no. 5 (December 2008): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.382.
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Ippolito, Tara A., Jeffrey E. Herrick, Ekwe L. Dossa, Maman Garba, Mamadou Ouattara, Upendra Singh, Zachary P. Stewart, P. V. Vara Prasad, Idrissa A. Oumarou, and Jason C. Neff. "A Comparison of Approaches to Regional Land-Use Capability Analysis for Agricultural Land-Planning." Land 10, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050458.
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Smallholder agriculture is a major source of income and food for developing nations. With more frequent drought and increasing scarcity of arable land, more accurate land-use planning tools are needed to allocate land resources to support regional agricultural activity. To address this need, we created Land Capability Classification (LCC) system maps using data from two digital soil maps, which were compared with measurements from 1305 field sites in the Dosso region of Niger. Based on these, we developed 250 m gridded maps of LCC values across the region. Across the region, land is severely limited for agricultural use because of low available water-holding capacity (AWC) that limits dry season agricultural potential, especially without irrigation, and requires more frequent irrigation where supplemental water is available. If the AWC limitation is removed in the LCC algorithm (i.e., simulating the use of sufficient irrigation or a much higher and more evenly distributed rainfall), the dominant limitations become less severe and more spatially varied. Finally, we used additional soil fertility data from the field samples to illustrate the value of collecting contemporary data for dynamic soil properties that are critical for crop production, including soil organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen.
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Menezes, Michele Duarte de, Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva, Phillip Ray Owens, and Nilton Curi. "Digital soil mapping approach based on fuzzy logic and field expert knowledge." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 37, no. 4 (August 2013): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542013000400001.
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In Brazil, soil surveys in more detailed scale are still scarce and necessary to more adequately support the decision makers for planning soil and environment activities in small areas. Hence, this review addresses some digital soil mapping techniques that enable faster production of soil surveys, beyond fitting continuous spatial distribution of soil properties into discrete soil categories, in accordance with the inherent complexity of soil variation, increasing the accuracy of spatial information. The technique focused here is knowledge-based in expert systems, under fuzzy logic and vector of similarity. For that, a contextualization of each tool in the soil types and properties prediction is provided, as well as some options of knowledge extraction techniques. Such tools have reduced the inconsistency and costs associated with the traditional manual processes, relying on a relatively low density of soil samples. On the other hand, knowledge-based technique is not automatic, and just as the traditional soil survey, the knowledge of soil-landscape relationships is irreplaceable.