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Journal articles on the topic 'Regional reserve currency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Orăștean, Ramona. "The Official Use of International Currencies – Assessments and Implications." Studies in Business and Economics 10, no. 3 (2015): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2015-0037.

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Abstract The paper analyses the official use of international currencies as reserve currency (store of value) and anchor currency (unit of account). Examining the role as a reserve currency we note that the US dollar is the main reserve currency even if it recorded a decline given the decrease of the value of the US dollar reserve holdings and the gradual diversification of the currencies used. Since 2010, the euro's share decreased continuously may be due to the Eurozone crisis and the euro's depreciation against the US dollar. Then we show that the US dollar dominates as an anchor currency,

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2

Narkevich, S., and P. Trunin. "Causes and Consequences of the Crisis in the Eurozone." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2012): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-12-84-97.

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In recent years the discussion of the role played by reserve currencies in the world economy has reached a new level. Problems caused by the domination of the single reserve currency have not yet been resolved and it remains unclear when and how they will be solved in the future. At the same time quite often the discussion doesn’t include theoretical foundations of different alternatives. In this article we try to develop a strict foundation of the regional reserve currency concept, present theoretical arguments for the factors of reserve currencies’ formation and estimate the potential of the

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3

Chernilevskaya, Klavdiya E. "Internationalization of Renminbi as a Function of China’s Foreign Exchange Policy." RUDN Journal of Political Science 23, no. 2 (2021): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-2-233-242.

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This article discusses the prospects of the Chinese renminbi (RMB) to expand its sphere of influence and become a full-scale reserve world currency. The methods used in the article are retrospective analysis and graphic analysis. The work is divided into three sections. The first section provides a broad overview of modern reserve currencies. The second part characterizes RMBs shaping as a reserve currency, as well as inner and outer factors that influence its status. The third section includes information about RMBs current status and its perspectives for being a reserve currency in the futur

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Kuzovleva, Nina F., Manon K. Khusainov, and Natalya B. Golovanova. "THE RUSSIAN RUBLE AS A REGIONAL AND RESERVE CURRENCY: ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3/2, no. 144 (2024): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.03.02.010.

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The article considers the possibility of using the Russian ruble as a regional and reserve currency. Based on the analysis of the positions of individual economists on this issue, statistical data on the development of the Russian economy and foreign economic activity, the arguments for and against are systematized, constraining factors and limitations are noted, and a conclusion is made about the positive possibilities of the Russian ruble to accept the status of a regional and reserve currency.

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Gorda, Aleksandr. "DEDOLLARIZATION OFTHEWORLD ECONOMY: CAUSES, MANIFESTATIONS, CONSEQUENCES." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment, no. 1 (October 23, 2024): 52–63. https://doi.org/10.29039/2312-5330-2024-1-52-63.

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The article is devoted to the study of the causes, factors, manifestations and consequences of dedollarization of the world economy. The main events that had the greatest impact on the US dollar receiving the status of a world reserve currency are identified and analyzed. The structure of official foreign exchange reserves is analyzed. It is noted that the leading world reserve currency is the US dollar, but over the past two decades the share of world reserves in US dollars has decreased. It has been determined that the global policy of dedollarization of the world economy in recent years has

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MASRON, TAJUL ARIFFIN, and ZULKORNAIN YUSOP. "RESERVE POOLING AND ITS IMPLICATION ON OPTIMUM CURRENCY AREA IN ASEAN." Singapore Economic Review 54, no. 02 (2009): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759080900329x.

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Regional economic integration in ASEAN, ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), is expected to produce positive outcomes on economic growth in ASEAN especially through its impact on trade and investment. This idea can be strengthened if regional monetary integration is followed. Therefore, focusing on reserve pooling, which is one of the proxy for Optimum Currency Area (OCA) variables, this study intends to examine the feasibility of a common currency in ASEAN. In addition, this study also investigates this idea in the presence of external shock.

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7

Vinokurov, Evgeny Y., Marina V. Grichik, and Taras V. Tsukarev. "New approaches to international reserves: The lack of credibility in reserve currencies." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. (4) (2022): 315–32. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.98242.

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The ongoing international reserve paradigm based on trust will experience a major transformation despite being convenient, flexible and low-cost. The underlying issue is a loss of trust. Due to the massive financial sanctions imposed on Russia and other states, traditional reserve currencies have lost their footing, compromising confidence in international reserves. Consequently, countries will need a comprehensive revision of their reserve asset management options. This paper overviews these options, which range from trade-offs to non-orthodox solutions. In total, we list twelve options, whic

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Vinokurov, Evgeny Y., Marina V. Grichik, and Taras V. Tsukarev. "New approaches to international reserves: The lack of credibility in reserve currencies." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. 4 (2022): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.98242.

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The ongoing international reserve paradigm based on trust will experience a major transformation despite being convenient, flexible and low-cost. The underlying issue is a loss of trust. Due to the massive financial sanctions imposed on Russia and other states, traditional reserve currencies have lost their footing, compromising confidence in international reserves. Consequently, countries will need a comprehensive revision of their reserve asset management options. This paper overviews these options, which range from trade-offs to non-orthodox solutions. In total, we list twelve options, whic

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9

FILIN, Sergei A. "Introduction of the digital ruble and digital currency systems of BRICS+ Central Banks as tools for reducing sanctions risks and accelerating the process of de-dollarization of the global economy." Finance and Credit 30, no. 12 (2024): 2646–65. https://doi.org/10.24891/fc.30.12.2646.

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Subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of reducing sanctions risks and accelerating the process of de-dollarization of the world economy due to the introduction of a system of digital currencies of the central banks of the BRICS+ countries, including the digital ruble. Objectives. The aim is to identify possible trends related to the introduction and use of new reserve/regional currencies, propose measures necessary for their effective introduction and use in BRICS+ countries. Methods. The study employs methods of systems analysis, comparative, structural, and logical analysis as part

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10

Nozdrev, S. "Pacific Asia: on the Way to Currency Diversification." World Economy and International Relations 69, no. 5 (2025): 98–108. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-5-98-108.

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In the context of aggravation of geopolitical and geoeconomic processes, one of the obvious trends in the international monetary sphere is the improvement of the positions of regional currencies, their diversification, aimed at a gradual move away from the dollar as the leading reserve and payment currency. Although the American currency still retains the role of the main settlement and investment instrument, this process continues to spread to all countries of Pacific Asia, which are afraid of the threat of the growing influence of American and Western European sanctions, increased volatility

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11

Polivach, A. "Renminbi and Rouble in the Central Asia Economies." Russia and New States of Eurasia, no. 4 (2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2073-4786-2020-4-87-102.

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This article reviews usage of Russian and Chinese currencies in the economies of the five Central Asia countries (CA5) – for trade payments, intergovernmental and commercial loans and also in the official foreign exchange reserves. Information on these matters, unfortunately, is non-regular and very fragmented. However, based on the analysis of available data the author makes the following conclusions. Both the Renminbi and the Rouble are used in the CA5 economies in small scale, while the US Dollar absolutely dominates. Currently the Rouble is more popular than the Renminbi. It is especially

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12

Novoselov, Alexander, and Alexander Faleev. "Transformation of Money and Financial Instruments of the Market in Conditions of Regionalization of the World Economy." Spatial Economics 19, no. 1 (2023): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.1.168-186.

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The problems of transforming the elements of the global monetary and financial system in the direction of regionalization are discussed. The issues of prospects for de-dollarization and possible scenarios for switching to alternative means of payment in regional trade are discussed, five main scenarios for the development of the de-dollarization course are identified. The vulnerabilities of the Jamaican system in the context of global risks are identified. The analysis of the actual conditions for the formation of exchange rates is carried out. The main factors of the US dollar exchange rate f

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13

Zawiślińska, Izabela. "The influence of economic crisis on the international position of the euro." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 29, 2014): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.3.3.

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The international position of a currency is directly determined by the scale and manner of fulfilment of classic currency functions in the international context. Creation of the Economic and Monetary Union and the introduction of a new currency (euro) – even though the decision was strictly political – was well-received by entities of contemporary international economy, including its main participants and the players on the international currency market. The reason for such a reception was the potential of the economies in the euro area, and also structural conditions and expectations for crea

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Tretyakova, Galina V., Anastasia A. Kazachenko, and Ngok Lan Vi Lyong. "Trends and prospects of national currencies in international settlements with the participation of Russia and China." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 58 (2022): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/58/12.

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Today, world currencies reserves occupy an important place in the structure of international settlements, and, despite the continued dominance of the US dollar and the euro, due to their high liquidity and investment attractiveness, under the influence of the processes of globalization, integration, regionalization and digitalization, there is a tendency to gradually move away from the use of world reserve currencies and the expansion of the use of national currencies of countries in international settlements. The authors analyze dynamics of changes in the currency structure of international s

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15

KREGEL, JAN. "Emerging markets and the international financial architecture: a blueprint for reform." Revista de Economia Política 35, no. 2 (2015): 285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572015v35n02a05.

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If emerging markets are to achieve their objective of joining the ranks of industrialized, developed countries, they must use their economic and political influence to support radical change in the international financial system. This working paper recommends John Maynard Keynes's "clearing union" as a blueprint for reform of the international financial architecture that could address emerging market grievances more effectively than current approaches. Keynes's proposal for the postwar international system sought to remedy some of the same problems currently facing emerging market economies. I

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16

Ortiqov, Maxammadjon Adxamjon o'g'li. "THE IMPACT OF THE ,, SUM " EXCHANGE RATE ON OUTPUT IN THE REGIONAL." SCHOLAR 1, no. 11 (2023): 95–106. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7886452.

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<em>In </em><em>this a description of the research aimed at identifying and optimizing the study methodology of the dynamics of the exchange rate</em><em> fluctuations</em><em> and the factors affecting it is given.</em><em> </em><em>This research examines the regional heterogeneity of the impact of the ruble exchange rate dynamics on output. The research shows the regional heterogeneity of the i</em><em>nfluence</em><em> of the exchange rate on the output, notes the possibility of both preserving and changing the nature of the said impact, depending on the general economic conditions.</em> <e

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17

Bhattarai, Keshav, and Ambika P. Adhikari. "De-Dollarization and South Asia: Challenges and Opportunities for Nepal in a Multipolar Currency World." NCWA Annual Journal 56, no. 1 (2025): 93–110. https://doi.org/10.3126/ncwaj.v56i1.76193.

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The United States dollar’s dominance as the global reserve currency, established under the 1944 Bretton Woods system, persists despite the 1971 decoupling of the gold backing to the dollar. Its liquidity, stability, and full support by the US government confer a solid financial security and advantage to the currency, including a universal acceptance of the dollar and a relatively low borrowing cost. Because of these reasons, the US dollar has been able to dominate the global financial markets for the past eight decades. However, the rapidly emerging global political and economic power shifts a

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18

Korechkov, Yuriy Viktorovich, and Syergyey Sirotkin. "Open innovations in the regional economic system." Theoretical economics, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/2221-3260-2024-5-101-113.

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The article reveals that the management of global economic processes is based on political power, the basis of which is money. To strengthen the system of power relations, money is fetishized and presented as a «golden calf», with the help of which the domination of one relatively small group of people over the entire human civilization takes place. With the help of money, the power of the geo-oligarchy is established as a subject of managing geopolitical processes in the world, representing an integrated unity of financial, industrial and political entities. It is investigated that global fin

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19

Lissovolik, Ya D. "BRICS-Plus: the New Force in Global Governance." Journal of International Analytics 14, no. 1 (2023): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-138-148.

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The global economy is currently experiencing unprecedented changes as the BRICS nations establish themselves as a signifi cant power center and a crucial factor in the transformation of the international economic framework. Following China’s chairmanship of BRICS, which culminated in the BRICS+ meetings with a diverse range of emerging market economies, these and other countries have expressed their desire to join the BRICS group. The expansion process was largely catalyzed by the openness exhibited by BRICS through the BRICS+ format. The main question at this juncture is how the BRICS+ format

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20

Юсим, В. Н., and А. А. Басов. "Prospects of the Monetary Union of the EAEU countries in the conditions of the current world monetary system." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 11(136) (February 27, 2022): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.11.136.036.

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Продолжение использования доллара США в качестве главной мировой резервной валюты с учетом волюнтаристской эмиссии, уменьшающей реальную ценность этой валюты, не может не ставить вопрос об устойчивости мировой валютной системы (МВС) и способах ее повышения. В данном исследовании проведен анализ возможности реализации валютного союза на основе Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) и его способности устранить для стран-участниц недостатки МВС. Авторы пришли к следующим выводам. В настоящее время не создается условий для создания такого валютного союза. Даже если такие условия будут созданы в

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21

Bukhari, Syed Rizwan Haider, Imran Igra, Ipek Ipek, and Khedidja Ghezal. "The Fear Supply Chain: How the U.S. Manages Conflict to Preserve Global Dominance and Dollar Supremacy." Regional Tribune 4, no. 2 (2025): 134–41. https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/sg25.102.

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This study is a critique of how the United States strategically engineers instability in the region as one way of ensuring international hegemony and in strengthening the dominance of the U.S dollar. Rooted in the ideological framework of controlled chaos, the analysis argues that the prolonged viability of adversarial states, including Iran, North Korea, and Russia, is not accidental or purely reactive in nature, but rather consciously manages to keep itself in a state of uncertainty in the field of insecurity. This controlled instability, the paper states, has several interconnected aims, wh

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Mpofu, Raphael Tabani. "Dollarization and economic development in Zimbabwe: An interrupted time-series analysis." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 4 (2015): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i4art4.

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This paper examines the impact of dollarization on the performance of the Zimbabwean economy from 2003 to 2014 using an interrupted time-series analysis. In Zimbabwe’s case, dollarization was the official replacement of the Zimbabwean dollar with the U.S. dollar. Rapid dollarization in the economy was accelerated by the exogenous shock caused by the injection of cash dollars into the Zimbabwean economy, mostly from international transfers. Since the official adoption of dollarization, Zimbabwe is largely a cash-based economy, with a huge amount of U.S. dollars that are in circulation outside t

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Bryndin, Evgeniy. "Transition of countries to currency and trade sustainable international cooperation on the BRICS platform." Resources and Environmental Economics 4, no. 2 (2022): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ree.2022.02.003.

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The transition to monetary and trade sustainable cooperation within the BRICS can be carried out on the basis of the energy economic equivalent of the national currencies of sovereign states. The International Monetary Index will link the existing commodity masses of states with national currencies. The creation of two-circuit national monetary and financial systems will create conditions for the evolutionary transition of budget formation. Double-circuit monetary and financial systems will bind national currencies to energy economic equivalents and goods. An interim measure of the national cu

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Bryndin, Evgeniy. "Transition of Countries to Currency and Trade Sustainable International Cooperation on the BRICS Platform." Journal of World Economy 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jwe.2023.03.01.

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The transition to monetary and trade sustainable cooperation within the BRICS can be carried out on the basis of the energy economic equivalent of the national currencies of sovereign states. The International Monetary Index will link the existing commodity masses of states with national currencies. The creation of two-circuit national monetary and financial systems will create conditions for the evolutionary transition of budget formation. Double-circuit monetary and financial systems will bind national currencies to energy economic equivalents and goods. An interim measure of the national cu

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25

Lekarenko, Oksana G. "The Crisis of the Bretton Woods Monetary System and the Beginning of European Monetary Cooperation." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 466 (2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/466/12.

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The article aims to identify the impact of the crisis of the Bretton Woods monetary system on the beginning of European monetary cooperation. Russian scholars' publications on European monetary integration usually examine in detail the internal prerequisites for the emergence of the Werner Plan and only sketch the external environment. Drawing on available European and American sources, this research provides a more nuanced picture of the origins of European monetary cooperation in the context of a general collapse of the post-war international monetary order. The article begins with the chara

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Kuznetsov, A. V. "Imperatives for Transformation of the International Monetary System in the Conditions of Multipolarity." Finance: Theory and Practice 26, no. 2 (2022): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-2-190-203.

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The neoliberal model of globalization promoted the outstripping growth of financial assets over the development of the real sector. The functioning of the international monetary system (IMS), based on one key national currency — the US dollar, has led to the financialization of the world economy and the formation of global imbalances. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to replace US-centric financial institutions with new institutions at the regional level and to transform the IMS in the direction of monetary polycentrism and regionalization. The paper discusses the mutual

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27

Shkurat, Mariia Ye. "The Mechanisms for Creating a Crisis-Resistant World Financial Architecture." Business Inform 10, no. 549 (2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-10-23-31.

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Today, there is a clear need to create a new world financial architecture. In this regard, the key task of the leading countries is to reform the mechanisms for regulating world financial markets and supervising the operations of their participants in order to counter crisis shocks. Therefore, the aim of the article is to identify mechanisms for creating a crisis-resistant world financial architecture (WFA) and to analyze strategic approaches to increasing the stability of the global financial system in the face of modern economic and political challenges. In the course of writing the article,

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Zvonova, E. A., A. V. Kuznetsov, V. Ya Pishchik, and S. N. Silvestrov. "Features and Prospects of Building a Two-Contour Monetary and Financial System at the National and Regional Level." World of new economy 14, no. 1 (2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2020-14-1-26-33.

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Topic. The aggravation of geopolitical, environmental and social risks creates new uncertainty in international economic relations. The challenges of the fourth industrial revolution reinforced the monetary, financial and commercial-industrial confrontation between the old and new leaders of the global economy in an effort to maximize individual access to global financial, informational, natural, intellectual and technological resources. In the course of toughening global competition, the USA, as the issuer of the key reserve currency, continues to use the “exorbitant privilege” — extracting i

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Moyo, Admire, and Gerrit Crafford. "The impact of hyperinflation on the Zimbabwean construction industry." Acta Structilia 17, no. 2 (2010): 53–83. https://doi.org/10.38140/as.v17i2.103.

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The purpose of this article is to indicate the effects of hyperinflation on the Zimbabwean construction industry. The latter, much like its successful regional and international counterparts, contributes towards the country’s gross domestic product, improving employment levels, economic growth, and restructuring the unfavourable balance of payment. In the last decade, however, this has not been the case in Zimbabwe as the country has grappled with severe hyperinflation that has led to the lack of a stable national currency accompanied by shortages of investors and labour which have resulted in

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Kang, Yuan, Yingying Cang, Jingru Zhang, and Shiyuan Zhou. "Assessment of Winter Indoor Humiture and Spatial Optimization of Rural Residential Buildings in Mengda National Nature Reserve, China." Buildings 15, no. 8 (2025): 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081366.

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The development of global nature reserves is currently in a rapid growth phase. One of the key challenges in establishing nature reserves is balancing environmental protection with rural residential development within these areas, where housing plays a crucial role in the built environment. Successful residential architecture in nature reserves typically meets residents’ diverse needs and environmental protection requirements by considering regional ecology, culture, economic conditions, natural environment, indoor thermal comfort, and energy consumption. This study examines rural residential

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Shovkun, Mikhail, Natalya Ivanova, Larisa Khanina, Michael Romanov, and Vasily Demidov. "Current vegetation data from the Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve." Biodiversity Data Journal 9 (August 25, 2021): e71266. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e71266.

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Here we present the sampling event dataset that contributes to the knowledge of current vegetation of the Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve (part of the UNESCO World Wide Network of Biosphere Reserves), Moscow Region, Russia. The Reserve is situated on the terraces of the Oka river in the zone of mixed coniferous forests.The dataset provides 269 relevés (9 174 associated occurrences) collected in 2019-2020. It contains representative information on plant communities in localities with assigned GPS coordinates sampled using the standard relevé method with Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale

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Ostanin,, V., V. Pecheritsa, and A. Boyarkina,. "RUSSIAN-CHINESE ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE CONCEPT OF GLOBAL DIGITALIZATION." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 4 (2022): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-4-126-134.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation on the territory of Eurasia of an international credit and financial institution, which has some common features with the International Monetary Funds, on the basis of partnership with the participation of China, India, Pakistan, Iran and other countries. This international integration financial and credit institution can become a reality only on the basis of the general global digitalization of the countries that are members of the union. This integral community will remain open to other states. The contradictions that arise during inter

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Бунич, Г. А., and Е. Р. Шарма. "Modern aspects of the theory and practice of international reserves." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 12(125) (February 16, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.125.12.004.

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Официальные международные резервы являются институциональной категорией финансовой политики стран. В настоящее время в условиях трансформации международного валютного рынка в условиях валютных и торговых «войн», изменяется структура международных резервов, особенно в части структуры валютных резервов. Дедоллоризация, развитие региональных валютных систем способствуют кардинальному изменению международных валютных резервов. Official international reserves are an institutional category of countries ' financial policies. Currently, in the conditions of transformation of the international monetary

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Hedden-Dunkhorst, Bettina, and Florian Schmitt. "Exploring the Potential and Contribution of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for Landscape Governance and Management in Africa." Land 9, no. 8 (2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080237.

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United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserves strive for a harmonious interaction between humans and nature. As landscapes provide suitable units to mutually address matters of conservation and sustainable development, this study aims to explore the potential and realized contribution of biosphere reserves for landscape governance and management. We emphasize the role of stakeholder participation and cooperation as an overarching condition for integrated landscape approaches. The regional focus is on Africa, where multiple drivers of global and loc

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Zyablintseva, M. V., D. V. Chernykh, and A. V. Gribkov. "Federal specially protected natural areas of the Altai Territory: current state and development prospects." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 29, no. 1(113) (2024): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024bmg1/139-149.

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One of the most important global problems of our time is the preservation of the natural environment; the optimal solution to this problem is the creation of specially protected natural areas. A guarantee of effective conservation of the region’s natural-territorial complexes is the creation of a network of protected areas that is representative of landscape and biological diversity. It is also known that a more stringent protection regime, which is typical for nature reserves and national parks, contributes to the successful implementation of environmental protection objectives. This article

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Kunytskiy, M. "GEOSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CITY INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF HEAT PUMPS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 178 (2023): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-113-117.

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Use of water resources and wastewater treatment on a global scale. For various areas of use, appropriate water quality and purification is required. But in connection with the ecological situation in various countries of the world and the economic situation, which is developing in 2023 and beyond, it is worth noting that it leads to a global emergency. Instability of wastewater treatment parameters in various regional and global basins. The obsolescence of water purification processes and mechanisms prompts humanity to search for new methods of purification and disposal of accumulated pollutio

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Agustian, A., V. Darwis, C. Muslim, et al. "Analysis of regional government food reserves in West Java Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (2021): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012060.

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Abstract The Law No. 18/2012 concerning food mentions that local governments determine the types and amounts of certain food reserves. Currently, the existence of regional government food reserve (RGFR) is still relatively varied, according to the capacity of local governments. This study aims to analyze management policies, the amount of RGFR, management problems and strengthening strategies. The research was conducted in March-April 2021 in Cianjur and Garut Districts, West Java Province. The analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptive qualitatively. The results of the analysis s

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Molchanova, Elena S., and Peter P. Godlevskiy. "Analysis of the creation of a regional reserve of financial and material resources for emergency response." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 4(57) (October 14, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2022-4-57-64-72.

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The creation and replenishment of the reserve of financial and material resources for emergency response includes a wide range of processes and operations. In the region under consideration (Bryansk region) a mechanism for forecasting the need, creation, storage and replenishment of resources for the elimination of natural and man-made emergencies, their receipt and delivery to the affected territories has been formed and is functioning. The funds allocated by the regional budget are not enough to purchase the planned amounts of material resources for the formation of emergency response reserv

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Timofeeva, Lyudmila S., Albina R. Akhmetova, Liliya R. Galimzyanova, Roman R. Nizaev, and Svetlana E. Nikitina. "Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan." Journal of Educational and Social Research 9, no. 4 (2019): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2019-0070.

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Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases i

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Elvira, G.Nabeeva Renat I. Zamaletdinov Maria A. Koshman Sergei P. Mitranov Rinat R.Mingaliev. "POSSIBLE WAYS FOR FORMING THE ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE KAZAN CITY AGGLOMERATION." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 05 (2018): 4414–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255678.

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<em>The analysis of ways for development of anecological framework of the Kazan city agglomeration is given in the paper. Currently, about1.7 million people live in this territory. The Kazan urban agglomeration has amonocentric structure and includes the city of Kazan, its satellite towns, as well as 6 municipal districts. Sustainable development of this territory requires mandatory consideration of the environmental component. The most important role in the ecological component belongs to the ecological frame work of agglomeration. </em> <em>Currently, the basis for the formation of the ecolo

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Sussangkarn, Chalongphob, and Pakorn Vichyanond. "Directions of East Asian Regional Financial Cooperation." Asian Economic Papers 5, no. 3 (2006): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2006.5.3.25.

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The East Asian financial crisis was the impetus for many financial cooperation initiatives within the region. This paper reviews progress in a number of areas, particularly the Chiang Mai Initiative, which aims to enhance a country's access to foreign reserves in times of stress via a series of swap arrangements in the region, and the development of the Asian Bond Market in order to increase long-term financing for deficit countries so they will not have to rely mainly on short-term foreign borrowing, as was the case prior to the crisis. A number of recommendations are made, including the sett

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Campos, João, Sara Rodrigues, Teresa Freitas, João Santos, João Honrado, and Adrián Regos. "Climatic variables and ecological modelling data for birds, amphibians and reptiles in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve of Meseta Ibérica (Portugal-Spain)." Biodiversity Data Journal 9 (June 24, 2021): e66509. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e66509.

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Climate change has been widely accepted as one of the major threats for global biodiversity, and understanding its potential effects on biodiversity distribution is crucial to optimise conservation planning in future scenarios under global change. Providing detailed climatic data at both spatial and temporal scales and integrating this information in species distribution models could contribute to predicting potential changes in biodiversity distribution, and consequently, to develop efficient management and biodiversity conservation planning. The provision of such data becomes even more impor

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Tymoshenko, L. "Current state and prospects for the creation of new objects of the nature reserve fund of the Poltava region." Balanced nature using, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.1.2018.276627.

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It has been investigated that the level of plots of land in the Poltava region is 77.3%, which is a prerequisite for the development of methods for assessing the status of protected areas and taking measures to optimize them. It has been revealed that in the network of the nature reserve fund of the region there are 387 objects with the total area of 142.4 thousand hectares, which is only 4.95% of the actual area of the natural reserve fund of the region. It has been determined that objects of local significance prevail in the structure of the nature reserve fund of the studied region. The low

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Arapova, E. "Asian Currency Unit: Searching for Optimal Currency Basket Structure." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2015): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-1-40-51.

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The article examines the prospects of monetary integration in East Asia and the speci&#64257;c issue of the Asian Currency Unit (ACU) that could potentially become a core element of Asian monetary integration in the long run. The research explores main initiatives underlying financial cooperation and key obstacles hampering monetary integration in the region. The concept of Asian currency unit was introduced by the East Asian countries as one of the mechanisms aimed to ensure regional financial stability. Being a weighted average of regional currencies ACU is highly negatively affected by

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Fedoniuk, Vitalina, Vasyl Fesiuk, Mikola Fedoniuk, Vasyl Ivantsiv, and Victoria Tymoshchuk. "ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH BY THE NATURE RESERVE FUND AND ECONETWORK OF THE VOLYN REGION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 58, no. 1 (2025): 220–33. https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.25.1.22.

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Introduction. Setting objectives. Volyn region of Ukraine is characterized by a high percentage of protected areas (about 11%), a significant number of nature conservation sites located and protected within its borders (about 400) and a long history of development of nature conservation activities and conservation work in the region. There have been numerous scientific studies in the field of formation and development of the nature reserve fund and eco-network in the region. This article provides a retrospective analysis and generalization of the results of such studies. Purpose of the article

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Teslovych, Mariana, and Diana Krychevska. "Historical and geospatial aspects of formation of the eco-network of the Transcarpathian region." Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, no. 55 (December 1, 2021): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-55-22.

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Formulation of the problem. For the time being the formation of an ecological network in Ukraine is the most effective way to preserve biological and landscape diversity. This process is characterized by the use of two approaches. The first is based on national legislation, methods of spatial planning in accordance with the geobotanical and landscape features of the region. The second approach is based on the European legislation, in particular, the Bern Convention. Transcarpathian region is no exception. The project of the regional scheme of the ecological network was approved for the region

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Etta-Nkwelle, Maru. "Demand for Foreign Currency Reserves in Emerging Market Countries: Is Herding Applicable?" Journal of Finance Issues 8, no. 2 (2010): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v8i2.2335.

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This paper examines the possibility of herding behavior in the demand for foreign currency reserves in 90 emerging market countries. A cross sectional absolute deviation model is utilized to detect herding by examining the volatility in the growth rates in reserves in the individual countries compared to the regional average. In addition, for comparison purposes, a contemporary model is utilized to measure the magnitude of herding. In general the results of the herding detection model exhibit herding behavior amongst Asian and Latin American and Caribbean countries, but not in Africa. Interest

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Nahorna, Natalia. "The impact of hostilities on the conservation areas of Donetsk region." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 46, no. 1 (2023): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2023.1-6.05.

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Ukraine is going through a difficult time, and therefore the topic of the influence of military actions on the protected areas is extraordinary, since the war has negative consequences for nature: pollution by explosive objects (mines, unexploded shells, etc.), fortification construction, damage to current grounds and vegetation by explosions, military transport, forest and steppe fires etc. Donetsk region is exactly that part of Ukraine, where almost all the first nature reserves were organized at the beginning of the 20th century. Unique natural sights and endemic habitats have long been att

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Vokony, I., P. Sőrés, B. Németh, and B. Hartmann. "Market Design for Cross-Border Co-Optimised Energy-Reserve Allocation." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, no. 1 (2023): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.289.

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To achieve its energy goals, the European Union (EU) needs to establish a geographically large market by initially improving its cross-border electricity interconnections. The Hungarian project focuses on this topic. A geographically large market, based on imports and exports of electricity, could increase the level of competition, boost the EU’s security of electricity supply through creating alternative routes to the customers and integrate more renewables into energy markets. Electricity should, as far as possible, flow between Member States as easily as it currently flows within Member Sta

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Dapice, David. "Vietnam’s currency management: theory, practice and reality." Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy 1, no. 1 (2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/frep-02-2021-0018.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain why Vietnam has been charged as a currency manipulator by the USA, and why those charges are less than conclusive, as of May 2021, no immediate tariffs were imposed.Design/methodology/approachA comparative approach is applied using economic data on trade balances, inflation, exchange rates, and foreign exchange reserves from Vietnam, other Asian nations, and the USA. Currency regime theories are briefly reviewed, and USA. Treasury statements about Vietnam’s currency are referred to, which then are analyzed. Further explanations are based on the co

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