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1
Mendola, Meredith Lynne. "Regional-climate and Local-microbial Controls on Ecosystem Processes During Grassland Restoration." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1338.
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Root productivity likely has consequences for the composition, activity, and recovery of soil microbial populations and the belowground processes mediated by these organisms. In tallgrass prairie, ecotypic variation potentially exists in response to a strong precipitation gradient across the Great Plains. Thus, ecotypic variation within a species may differentially affect belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), the associated soil microbial community, and may scale up to affect ecosystem processes. The goals of this study were to elucidate: (1) whether ecotype, environment, or an ecotype by environment interaction regulate BNPP of a dominant species (Andropogon gerardii) collected from and reciprocally planted in common gardens across a precipitation gradient, and (2) whether variation in BNPP scales to affect microbial biomass and ecosystem processes. I quantified root biomass, BNPP (using root ingrowth bags), soil microbial biomass, and nutrient mineralization rates in root-ingrowth cores below six population sources of A. gerardii (2 Illinois, 2 eastern Kansas, and 2 central Kansas) established in southern Illinois, eastern Kansas, and central Kansas. An ecotype effect was found on above and belowground net primary productivity, but these findings did not translate to soil response variables. Microbial populations themselves may affect the productivity and composition of prairie species. In a second study, soil ecological knowledge (SEK) was tested by applying a native prairie soil slurry amendment to restoration plots to determine efficacy of this method as a restoration practice. The goals of this two year study were to elucidate: (1) whether a slurry amendment of prairie soil would increase above and belowground productivity and belowground ecosystem processes in a prairie restoration, and (2) to evaluate whether differences in plant diversity will scale to affect belowground productivity and ecosystem processes. I quantified aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and species composition, as well as root biomass, belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), soil microbial biomass, and nutrient mineralization rates in root-ingrowth cores installed in treated and control plots. A treatment effect was noted on root biomass and total PLFA biomass; however, there was no treatment effect on cover, ANPP, or soil microbial processes. Though the soil microbial community did represent native prairie soil, there was poor establishment of prairie plant species. These factors may be due to the limited time available for data collection and the lack of precipitation in the second growing season. Longer studies may be necessary to fully examine the effects of soil slurry amendments as restoration tools.
2
Brockman, Ruth Roseann. "HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS AND REGIONAL CURVES FOR THE INNER AND OUTER BLUEGRASS REGIONS OF KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/56.
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Hydraulic geometry relationships and regional curves are used in natural channel design to assist engineers, biologists, and fluvial geomorphologists in the efforts undertaken to ameliorate previous activities that have diminished, impaired or destroyed the structure and function of stream systems. Bankfull channel characteristics were assessed for 14 United States Geological Survey (USGS) gaged sites in the Inner Bluegrass and 15 USGS gaged sites in the Outer Bluegrass Regions of Kentucky. Hydraulic geometry relationships and regional curves were developed for the aforementioned regions.
Analysis of the regression relationships showed that bankfull discharge is a good explanatory variable for bankfull parameters such as area, width and depth. The hydraulic geometry relationships developed produced high R2 values up to 0.95. The relationships were also compared to other studies and show strong relationships to both theoretical and empirical data. Regional curves, relating drainage area to bankfull parameters, were developed and show that drainage area is a good explanatory variable for bankfull parameters. R2 values for the regional curves were as high as 0.98.
3
Finkenbinder, Matthew S. "Development and analysis of lithologically controlled regional curves of hydraulic geometry for Appalachian mountain streams, Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province, Pennsylvania." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5540.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 219 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
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Goad, Rachel Kathleen. "RESPONSE OF REGIONAL SOURCES OF TALLGRASS PRAIRIE SPECIES TO VARIATION IN CLIMATE AND SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/922.
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Restoration of resilient plant communities in response to environmental degradation is a critical task, and a changing climate necessitates the introduction of plant communities adapted to anticipated future conditions. Ecotypes of dominant species can affect associated organisms as well as ecosystem function. The extent of ecotypic variation in dominant tallgrass prairie species and the consequences of this variation for ecosystem functioning were studied by manipulating two potential drivers of plant community dynamics: climate and the soil microbial community. Climate was manipulated indirectly through the use of reciprocal restorations across a rainfall gradient where regional sources of dominant grasses Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans were seeded with 8 other native species that occur in tallgrass prairie. Four dominant grass sources (originating from central Kansas [CKS], eastern Kansas [EKS], southern Illinois [SIL], or a mixture of these) were reciprocally planted within four sites that occurred across a precipitation gradient in western KS (Colby, KS), CKS (Hays, KS), EKS (Manhattan, KS) and SIL (Carbondale, IL). The three grass sources and mixture of sources were sown into plots according to a randomized complete block design at each sites (n=16, 4 plots / block at each site). Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was measured at the end of the 2010 and 2011 growing season at each site. In 2010, total ANPP declined from western to eastern Kansas, but increased across the geographic gradient in 2011. The dominant grasses did not comprise the majority of community ANPP in WKS, CKS or SIL in either year but did contribute most to total ANPP at the EKS site in 2011. In 2010, volunteer forbs comprised the largest proportion of ANPP in WKS, whereas and in both years planted forbs comprised the largest proportion of ANPP in SIL. Ecotypic variation in ANPP of A. gerardii was not evident, but Sorghastrum nutans ANPP exhibited a site by source effect in 2010 that did not suggest a home site advantage. Variation in the competitive environment at each site may have masked ecotypic variation during community assembly. Further, ANPP responses suggest that grasslands in early stages of establishment may respond more stochastically to climatic variation than established grasslands. Longer term studies will clarify whether ecotypes of dominant prairie grasses affect ecosystem function or community trajectories differently during restoration. Ecotypes of dominant species may support different soil microflora, potentially resulting in plant-soil feedback. A second experiment tested for local adaptation of prairie plant assemblages to their soil microbial community. Native plant assemblages from Kansas and Illinois were tested for local adaptation to their `home' soil by reciprocally crossing soil and plant source in a greenhouse experiment. Seeds and soil were obtained from two remnant prairies, one in eastern Kansas and one in central Illinois, with similar species composition but differing climate. Seeds of four species (Andropogon gerardii, Elymus canadensis, Lespedeza capitata, Oligoneuron rigidum) common to both locations were collected, germinated, and transferred to pots to create 4-species assemblages from each region. Non-prairie (NP) soil from the edge of an Illinois agricultural field was also included as an inoculum treatment to increase relevance to restoration. Kansas and Illinois plant assemblages were subjected to a fully factorial combination of soil inocula [with associated microbial communities] (3 sources: KS, IL, NP) and soil sterilization treatment (sterilized or live). Plants were harvested after 20 weeks and soil was analyzed for microbial composition using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers. Soil sources had different nutrient concentrations and sterilization resulted in a flush of NH4+, which complicated detection of soil microbial effects. However, plant sources did exhibit variation in productivity responses to soil sources, with Kansas plants more responsive to live soil sources than Illinois plants. Despite confounding variation in soil fertility, soil inoculation was successful at manipulating soil microbial communities, and plant sources responded differently to soil sources. Consideration of feedback between soil and plants may be a missing link in steering restoration trajectories.
5
Emanuel, Robert. "Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Regional and State Water Management." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146910.
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19 pp."Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Geology, Geomorphology and Soils Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Watershed Ecology Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Working Together Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Hydrology Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Fire in Watersheds Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Climate
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide was created to help individuals and groups build a mutual foundation of basic knowledge about watersheds in Arizona. It is intended to help Arizonans understand and be good stewards of their watersheds. The guide was designed to compliment the mission of Arizona Master Watershed Steward program to educate and train citizens across the state of Arizona to serve as volunteers in the monitoring, restoration, conservation, and protection of their water and watersheds. The guide consists of 10 self-contained modules which teach about one or more important aspects of watershed science or management.
6
Hardy, Karen J. "Regional heritage preservation planning : an examination through case study analysis /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040700/.
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Taylor, Beatrice Dietering. "A study of high school biology students engaged in a Science-Technology-Society (STS) landfill restoration project." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37429.
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Presley, Erika. "An Internship with the Riverside Corona Regional Conservation District: Alluvial scrub vegetation sampling of the upper Santa Anna River Watershed." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366334766.
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Leibe, Mary. "Creating Healthy Urban Environments: Commercial Landscaping, Preference and Public Health." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2262.
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Landscape development[1] can provide many benefits, including the reduction of stormwater runoff and the creation of habitats for wildlife. It can also provide health benefits. Researchers, such as Roger Ulrich and Rita Berto have demonstrated that views of trees and other vegetation are associated with lower blood pressure and reduced recovery times in hospitals and that environments with more natural elements may lessen mental fatigue (R. Ulrich 1984) and (Berto 2005).
As rebuilding in New Orleans continues 11 years after Hurricane Katrina, landscape development has been limited or lacking, especially in the redevelopment of commercial properties. Two prominent reasons for this deficiency are a lack of funding and, until August of 2015, the absence of a comprehensive landscape ordinance.
The purpose of the research presented here is to determine the degree to which community residents express a preference for healthier commercial environments. As part of my research, I measured community perceptions of four potential redevelopment concepts for a blighted strip shopping center utilizing attention restoration theory (ART), which postulates that certain environmental qualities contribute to reductions in mental fatigue. I found that commercial environments with the most quality landscaping[2] are those that neighborhood residents most prefer and are most conducive to better health.
Keywords: mental fatigue, attention restoration theory, perceived restoration scale, commercial landscape quantity, public health, healthy urban environment
[1] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
[2] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
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Seth, Nandini. "Coastal Land Loss and Collaborative Resource Governance: The Case of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1955.
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The research, presented here, is about the collaborative governance and adaptive management in coastal planning efforts of Louisiana. Fundamental conflict, between the idea of environmental conservation and developmental growth, has always existed in the coastal regions. The presence of the large number of environmental laws, at various levels of government and their different management objectives for utilization of coastal resources, requires study of intergovernmental relationship. Taking Plaquemines Parish as a case in point, this thesis will, therefore, review the critical restoration plans for intergovernmental coordination and conflicts. It will also provide recommendations, for elected representatives and policy makers, with an aim to promote collaborative governance and improve adaptive management of coastal resources.
11
Chladil, Jan. "Nové formy participace při obnově malých a středních měst." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233247.
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Main goal is analyse of contemporary status in restoration of Low Austria and South Moravia and eduction of results for steps which are leading to successful restoration in future. Confrontation of present method in restoration of country Low Austria and South Moravia and sighting of current trends in restoration on european level can show the way to project, when we want to pass on experience and to indicate the support of restoration and to participace with restoration abroad. Creating of vision is really good satisfaction of the work. Between limit South Moravia and Low Austria we can see historical parallel. I tis famous time of Austria – Hungarian monarchy, but also eco - devastation without plans and agro culture. Small and middle small cities of South Moravia begins in time after revolution with searching of new identity, with searching of new ways how to hold out market rivalry to another cities. Rightly effort to unfold and develop current system after the fashion of friends from Low Austria.
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Farnsworth, Dustin Alan. "Establishing restoration baselines for the Loess Hills region." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473203.
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Parco, Gerardo Francisco. "Restoration of derelict land: a Macau perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252710.
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Lanzer, Sabine. "Restauração ecológica em áreas de cerrado no município de Mineiros (GO)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7189.
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At first, the Brazilian Cerrado was not valued, facing the Amazon and the Atlantic forests. In the 1970s, the Federal Governement started to stimulate the econimical development of midwest region, where it was located the most part of Cerrado, with a large developent of the farming area. That enlargement of the agricultural frontier resulted on the felling of thousands of hectares of Cerrado. The area of study is in Mineiros (GO), and it was cleared up to form livestock grazing of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster for more than thirty years, e remaining a few mature trees and a narrow strip of riparian forest. In 2010, it began the mixed planting of seedlings for restoration of native vegetation as the objective of the Legal Reserve replacement. The planting of Lots 1 and 2 were evaluated concerning the seedling and regenerating composition, richness, diversity and mortality, within 18 months. To this end it has been demarcated 9 plots of 50 × 50 m and within them it was collected the results of 4 subplots of 20x20 m, as a total 36 subplots and 1,44 ha. In Lot 1, it was found 290 seedlings (15 families and 53 species) and 209 regeneratings (22 families and 66 species). In the Lot 2, it was found 403 seedlings (8 families and 31 species) and 125 regeneratings (13 families and 34 species). The species richness was better in Lot 1 in relation to Lot 2 front of both seedlings and for regenerating. The index of Shannon diversity was to Lot 1 (seedlings: 3,330; regeneratings: 3.629) were similar to the ones found in survey of native fragments of cerrado strict sense, fact not verified in Lot 2 (seedlings: 2,704; regeneratings: 2,940). Seeding trees and regenerating mortality was signigicant. Between the planting seeds and the first survey, held in 2013, Lot 1 had a mortality of 81.7% and Lot 2 of 74.5%. Between the measurements, the death of Lot 1 was 26.9% to 20.6% for seedlings and regeneratings, already Lot 2 was 12.7% for seedlings and 4.0% for regenerating. If the mortality pattern continue in the coming years, it is possible that future find few surviving seedlings in the area. The study showed that the floristic composition of sapling is different and higher than the seedlings, reinforcing the importance of natural regeneration in the ecological restoration process, as many of regenerating species would not be produced in nurseries. The diversity presented higher values for Lot 1 in relation to Lot 2, both for plants and for regenerating, and there was no significant difference in rates over time. Mortality of seedlings is high in both lots and can be caused by the abundant presence of brachiaria, a fact that should be investigated.
Inicialmente, o Cerrado brasileiro foi pouco valorizado, frente às florestas Amazônica e Atlântica. Na década de 1970, o Governo Federal passou a estimular o desenvolvimento econômico da região Centro-Oeste, onde se situava a maior parte do Cerrado, com forte estímulo à expansão das áreas agrícolas. Esta ampliação da fronteira agrícola resultou na derrubada de milhares de hectares de Cerrado. A área de estudo está localizada em Mineiros (GO), e foi desmatada para formação de pastagem de Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster a mais de 30 anos, restando na área apenas poucas árvores adultas e uma estreita faixa de mata ciliar. Em 2010, iniciou-se o plantio misto de mudas para recomposição da vegetação nativa, objetivando a reposição da Reserva Legal. Os plantios dos Lotes 1 e 2 foram avaliados quanto à composição, riqueza, diversidade e mortalidade de mudas e regenerantes, em um intervalo de 18 meses. Para tal, foram demarcadas 9 parcelas de 50 × 50 m e dentro delas foram coletados os dados de 4 subparcelas de 20 × 20 m, totalizando 36 subparcelas e 1,44 ha. No Lote 1, foram encontradas 290 mudas (15 famílias e 53 espécies) e 209 regenerantes (22 famílias e 66 espécies). No Lote 2, foram levantadas 403 mudas (8 famílias e 31 espécies) e 125 regenerantes (13 famílias e 34 espécies). A riqueza de espécies foi maior no Lote 1 em relação ao Lote 2, tanto para mudas quanto para regenerantes. O índice de diversidade de Shannon para o Lote 1 (mudas: 3,330; regenerantes: 3,629) foram semelhantes ao encontrado em levantamento de fragmentos nativos de cerrado sentido restrito, fato não verificado no Lote 2 (mudas: 2,704; regenerantes: 2,940). A mortalidade de mudas e regenerantes foi significativa. Entre o plantio das mudas e o primeiro levantamento, realizado em 2013, o Lote 1 teve uma mortalidade de 81,7% e o Lote 2 de 74,5%. No período entre as medições, a mortalidade do Lote 1 foi de 26,9% para mudas e 20,6% para regenerantes; a mortalidade do Lote 2, foi de 12,7% para mudas e 4,0% para regenerantes. O estudo mostrou que a composição florística das regenerantes é diferente e maior que a das mudas, reforçando a importância da regeneração natural no processo de restauração ecológica, visto que muitas das espécies regenerantes não seriam produzidas em viveiros de mudas. A diversidade apresentou maiores valores para o Lote 1 em relação ao Lote 2, tanto para mudas quanto para regenerantes. A mortalidade de mudas é alta nos dois lotes, e pode ser causado pela presença abundante da braquiária, fato que deve ser investigado.
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Bliss, Bradley Cody. "Translocation of Acropora cervicornis Across Geographic Regions: Investigating Species Recovery and Restoration." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/30.
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This thesis is the first known study to relocate Acropora cervicornis across multiple regions of the Florida Reef Tract. Since 2006, A. cervicornis has been listed as a threatened coral species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. In response, restoration efforts utilizing coral nursery methods have been implemented throughout the Caribbean. The primary objective of this research was to determine the response of A. cervicornis colonies to being relocated between two coral nurseries separated by approximately 150km along the Florida Reef Tract. To accomplish this, a reciprocal transport was conducted between coral fragments with known genotypes from Broward County and Monroe County, Florida. A subset of coral ramets (fragments of a single genotype) was removed from the nursery of origin and relocated to the opposing coral nursery, while the remaining ramets stayed in their original nursery to serve as controls. Following transplant, both relocated and non-relocated corals were monitored for 14 months and survivorship, growth rates, branching frequency, and coral condition data were collected. In addition, tissue samples were collected twice during the monitoring period to determine zooxanthellae densities. Reaction norms were used to predict the responses of each measured variable for each genotype in response to being relocated. Relocated coral colonies from both nurseries exhibited equal or greater survivorship than the non-relocated corals from their original nursery. Growth rates, branching frequency, and zooxanthellae densities were highest in the corals that were previously in or relocated to Broward County. Within each nursery, relocated and non-relocated corals were not significantly different in any of the measured parameters. Throughout the study period, there were no signs of disease, bleaching, or predation on any of the corals. These findings demonstrate that A. cervicornis colonies can be successfully relocated across regions of the Florida Reef Tract suggesting that colonies throughout the FRT may be used for collaborative restoration efforts. Reaction norm analysis indicated phenotypically plastic responses in each growth parameter with some instances of genotype-by-environment interactions. Finally, these results suggest the need for additional research to investigate regional differences in A. cervicornis populations for proper management and restoration approaches.
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McManamay, Ryan A. "Providing a Restoration Framework for Regulated Rivers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77088.
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With over 800,000 dams occurring globally and the construction of thousands more being proposed, successful restoration of regulated rivers will depend on the creation of broadly applicable frameworks that provide management solutions by generalizing patterns in habitat and ecology. Based on the prevailing scientific literature, restoring natural stream flows in disturbed rivers is dependent upon developing quantitative, transferable stream flow-ecology relationships. The purpose of my dissertation was to apply a framework to regulated and unregulated streams within an eight-state region of the southeastern US to test its ability to generalize patterns in natural and altered stream flow and develop flow-ecology relationships. I created a simplified, 5-step version of the Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) framework (Poff et al. 2010). I carried out each of the steps in sequential order for unregulated and dam-regulated streams found in my region. The steps of my restoration framework are as follows:- Develop a natural flow classification of unregulated streams
- Develop a tool that uses landscape characteristics to predict flow class membership
- Use the predictive tool or pre-disturbance hydrologic information to classify regulated rivers to natural flow classes
- Based on class membership, generalize patterns in hydrologic alteration
- Relate ecological patterns to patterns in hydrologic alteration in relation tomorphology, temperature, and landscape disturbance
Ph. D.
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Nay, Cameron G. "Social Acceptability of Conifer Control and Sagebrush Restoration in the Northern Rocky Mountain Region." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/284.
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In the past two centuries, woody plant species have increased in density and extent throughout the rangelands of North America. This encroachment generally has undesirable effects on hydrological function, forest resources, and plant community composition. Encroachment of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) into sagebrush communities is occurring in the Northern Rocky Mountain region. Removal and restoration treatments are often proposed to manage this issue, mainly prescribed fire, mechanical destruction, and/or herbicide use. Several contextual factors may affect public level of acceptability for such treatments. The issue frames used to present this problem to the public may have an effect on levels of acceptability for such treatments. We established and tested several hypotheses concerning contextual factors thought to influence acceptability judgments and attitudes. A mail survey was sent to households in selected counties of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and South Dakota. Confidence in managers, type of restoration technique or conifer removal treatment, perceived cause of encroachment, and the visual qualities of treated landscape scenes affected judgments made concerning treatments. Geographic region was not found to be a significant factor influencing acceptability levels in our study area. The frame had little effect on acceptability of the issue presented in the survey. The terms used as frames may have been too scientific to be salient to our respondents. Respondents from relatively urban Lewis and Clark County, Montana, did not differ significantly in their levels of acceptance for different proposed treatments from residents of the more rural Montana counties of Fergus and Jefferson where such treatments have already been implemented. Counties differed significantly on certain survey items describing extractive activities and the effects of treatments. Understanding the effects of contextual factors on acceptability levels can help land managers and researchers better understand the public they have been hired to serve.
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Peratoner, Giovanni. "Organic seed propagation of alpine species and their use in ecological restoration of ski runs in mountain regions." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970086059.
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Schweikert, Carol Ann Johnson. "The development of exterior maintenance guidelines for lighthouses in six geographic regions." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935931.
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United States Lighthouses are being decommissioned by the United States Coast Guard because they are no longer needed as navigational aids. Government agencies and non-profit groups untrained in preservation are assuming control of these aids. These groups need assistance to adequately maintain the lighthouse and prevent major deterioration problems. About 300 managers of lighthouses were contacted for information on how they maintain their lighthouse, including information on shoreline erosion. About 120 replies were received containing maintenance and restoration information, drawings and photographs. The lighthouse system was divided into six geographic regions with similar climatic conditions for closer examination. The replies from the lighthouses regarding common deterioration problems in the construction materials and environmental conditions were used to develop general maintenance guidelines for each geographic region. Lighthouse managers can use these maintenance guidelines to assist them in preserving their lighthouse.Shoreline erosion was examined closely because of its destructive capability. Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in North Carolina was used as a Case Study in combatting erosion.Department of Architecture
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Harshman, Celina Anne, and Thomas III Maddock. "THE HYDROLOGY AND RIPARIAN RESTORATION OF THE BILL WILLIAMS RIVER BASIN NEAR PARKER, ARIZONA." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614210.
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Riparian forests, which support rich biological diversity in the North American southwest,
have experienced a sharp decline in the last century. The extent of this decline has been estimated
to range from 70% to 95% across the southwest (Johnson and Haight, 1984). The principal
components of riparian forests which sustain a broad spectrum of species and describe the overall
health of a system are cottonwoods (sp. Populus) and willows (sp. Salix). The importance of
cottonwoods is aptly described by Rood et al (1993):
"....these trees provide the foundation of the riparian forest ecosystem in semi -arid
areas of western North America. Unlike wetter areas to the east and west, a loss of
cottonwoods in these riparian areas is not compensated through enrichment from
other tree species. If the cottonwoods die, the entire forest ecosystem collapses."
Cottonwood and willow species are adversely affected by anthropogenic influences ranging most
prominently from the introduction of regulated flows via dams to agricultural clearing, water
diversions, livestock grazing, and domestic settlement. These influences effectively alter the system
hydrology that the forests rely upon.
As the widespread destruction of these forests and the associated irreparable damage to
endangered species habitat has come into clear view in the past decade, research efforts have focused
upon identifying the ecological needs of riparian systems. The potential of modifying such systems
to soften the human impact upon them, in effect presenting further alterations on a hydrologic system
to return it to its natural regime, is another component of the research on riparian systems.
The Bill Williams River riparian corridor, near Parker, Arizona (Figure 1.1), contains the last extensive native riparian habitat along the lower Colorado River (BWC Technical Committee, 1993).
This unique resource was established as the Bill Williams River Management Unit, Havasu National
Wildlife Refuge in 1941 and covers 6105 acres along the lower 12 miles of the Bill Williams River
(Rivers West, 1990). The Bill Williams Unit is currently managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service of the U.S. Department of Interior. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service also funded this
research effort.
The lush vegetation corresponding to the wetland conditions along the valley floor
sharply contrast with the Sonoran desert landscape of the upper valley walls creating a magnificent
picture. The Management Unit terminates at Lake Havasu, which forms the confluence of the Bill
Williams and Colorado Rivers. The system provides habitat for a wide variety of species, many of
which are endangered or state- listed species, including habitat for neotropical migratory birds. This
habitat has undergone serious degeneration during the past quarter century. The recruitment of
cottonwood and willow trees has been fatally interrupted by anthropogenic encroachment in the form
of the construction of Alamo Dam in 1969 at the head of the Bill Williams River and commercial
development along the River.
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Clark, Jestin. "The Effects of USDA Farm-Bill Restoration Programs on Prairie Voles (microtus ochrogaster) in the Barrens Region of Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2005. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/492.
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Much of the area that is now west-central Kentucky historically existed as grass dominated ecosystems. Unfortunately, most of those grasslands are gone due mostly to disturbance suppression and conversion to agricultural lands. Federal, state, and nongovernmental agencies have, particularly within the last several decades, undertaken the responsibility and goal of preserving and attempting to restore many of North America's lost grasslands. The USDA in conjunction with local landowners has initiated the CRP (Conservation Reserve Program) and the CREP (Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program); two popular farm bill-based conservation programs. Among the many conservation practices that these programs fund is grassland restoration. The goal of this project is to restore multiple areas using widely applicable restoration techniques and to assess the impact that three of the most commonly used CRP and CREP plant mixes will have on prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) populations. Small mammal trapping will be used to assess crucial variables such as recruitment, population density, body mass, survival, habitat choice, and home range will be measured to quantify the relative success of small mammals with respect to each plant mixture. Results from this study showed that certain small mammals, particularly prairie voles, were more successful in habitats that had a higher proportion of grasses relative to forbs. These results are consistent with the habitat and dietary preferences reported in the literature for prairie voles.
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Gebremeskel, Kidane. "Rangeland potential, quality and restoration strategies in North Eastern Ethiopia : a case study conducted in the Southern Afar Region /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1312.
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Huang, Chunfu. "Flow stress, restoration and precipation behavior and modeling for two Ti-Nb stabilized IF steels in the ferrite region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0012/NQ38899.pdf.
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Peratoner, Giovanni [Verfasser]. "Organic seed propagation of alpine species and their use in ecological restoration of ski runs in mountain regions / Giovanni Peratoner." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2003. http://d-nb.info/970086059/34.
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Hughes, Brian. "Characterizing the Immobile Region of the Hyporheic Zone through the use of Hydrologic and Geophysical Techniques at Crabby Creek, PA, USA." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/142867.
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GeologyM.S.
At Crabby Creek, an urbanized watershed in northeast Chester County, Pennsylvania, an NaCl tracer test was conducted in 2010 to assess changes in hyporheic flow from a 2009 tracer test around the same stream restoration J-Hook. This project compares the 2009 and 2010 tracer test breakthrough curves and geophysical time-lapse resistivity surveys. This project also compares elevation cross sections and tile probing from 2009 and 2010, both measured upstream and downstream from the J-Hook. To confirm areas of lingering tracer seen in the time-lapse resistivity profiles, sediment cores using the freeze core method were taken to measure pore water for tracer. This project also measured diurnal temperature flux through the streambed at several locations along the sample site to model vertical water and heat flux. The breakthrough graphs constructed from the conductivity of the well water samples shows similar hyporheic flow characteristics from 2009 to 2010. The time-lapse resistivity profiles show an area of lingering tracer upstream from the J-Hook in 2010 that is similar in shape and location to an area upstream from the J-Hook in the 2009 profiles. However, an area of lingering tracer downstream from the J-Hook present in 2009 as a round feature on the profile is now a thin linear feature. The freeze cores show tracer present in the pore water after the end of the tracer injection in the stream sediment, confirming areas of lingering tracer seen in the time-lapse resistivity profiles. The grain size analysis of the freeze cores and the comparison to the 2009 cores taken at Crabby Creek show similar grain size distribution upstream from the J-Hook. Downstream from the J-Hook the grain size analysis shows a redistribution of sediment. Upstream from the J-Hook the tile probe shows both shallower and deeper bedrock, a redistribution of sediment but no net erosion. Downstream from the restoration structure, however, the tile probe data show a sediment loss of 20 cm. Elevation cross section surveys from 2009 and 2010 confirm what the tile probing found, a loss of sediment downstream but not upstream from the J-Hook. Temperature modeling of heat flux through the sediment shows that the diurnal temperature distribution can be accounted for without vertical flux. Thus, the immobile regions upstream and downstream from the J-Hook seem to be related to sediment distribution rather than hydrologic gradient differences. The significance of this study shows the need to use multiple techniques to characterize the immobile zone as a part of hyporheic flow. The immobile zone is an important area of chemical reactions in the streambed. At Crabby Creek the central J-Hook inhibits net erosion patterns upstream from the structure, allowing for the continued presence of an immobile zone. Downstream from the central J-Hook the erosion of the streambed sediment led to a decrease in size and location of the immobile zone. The disturbance of sediment around restoration structures influences the development of a healthy hyporheic flow and needs to be studied for future restoration of impaired streams and riparian corridors.
Temple University--Theses
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Durant, Cheyenne Elizabeth. "Invasions in the Prairie Pothole Region: Addressing the Effects of Exotic Plants on Wetland and Grassland Ecosystems and Restoration Efforts." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31750.
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Three wetland restoration methods: seeding, seeding + hay mulch, and seeding + hay mulch + vegetation plugs were compared via the plant community within a formerly cropped wetland in southeastern North Dakota. Arrangement of plugs were also compared to assess the success of native species establishment. Mean relative cover for native species and introduced species were recorded and analyzed to compare the restoration methods and plug arrangement. Three herbicide treatments were studied on upland prairie sites with and without prescribed burning to test effects on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) control and seeded native establishment. There is no difference native species richness between the restoration methods six years post restoration, and no difference in plant cover in the different arrangement of plugs. Quinclorac significantly reduced leafy spurge cover; however, glyphosate treatments had higher cover of seeded native species.
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Kegley, Nan F. "Toward the preservation of rural, cultural, historic landscapes: a method for evaluating nineteenth century Blue Ridge farms." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91037.
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The research hypothesis of this study states that a systematic and operational method for evaluating rural, cultural, historic landscapes, particularly at the regional level, simply does not exist.
The purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to prove, through an informal survey of landscape architecture firms involved in historic preservation and preservation organizations, that the hypothesis was true, and secondly, to develop a method for evaluating a specific kind of rural, cultural, historic landscape -- nineteenth century farms in the Blue Ridge Belt.
The overriding objective in developing the method for evaluating nineteenth century Blue Ridge farms was to make the evaluation criteria as operational as possible, and, therefore, create a method which would be accessible to the non-professional. The criteria used to evaluate the farms was based on studies done of farms documented in the archives of the Shenandoah National Park in Luray, Virginia, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and the Historic Landsmarks Commission in Richmond, Virginia. The method was designed so that every farm evaluated by means of the checksheet can be scored based on the degree to which it represents a typical nineteenth century Blue Ridge farm.M.L. Arch.
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Yang, Yanfeng Felix, and 楊燕風. "Land use changes and ecological rehabilitation: a case study in the reservoir region of the Three GorgesProject in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35803484.
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Yang, Yanfeng Felix. "Land use changes and ecological rehabilitation a case study in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges Project in China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35803484.
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Quarderer, Nathan Anderson. "Sediment-size analysis, nitrate monitoring, bathymetric mapping and construction of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a backwater region of the Upper Mississippi River System 2008-2009." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/728.
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In April 2008, the non-profit organization Living Lands & Waters (LL&W) approached IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering to assist with the preliminary scoping and assessment for the proposed dredging and restoration of the backwater region located near the confluence of the Iowa and Mississippi Rivers, commonly referred to as Boston Bay. IIHR was responsible for the measurement and analysis of relevant physical and chemical parameters including particle-size analysis of sediment cores; real-time monitoring of nitrate-nitrogen concentration of agricultural runoff entering Boston Bay; bathymetric surveying; as well as the development of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic capable of simulating the proposed dredging activity.
Particle-size analysis was achieved using the hydrometer method of sedimentation to determine the distribution of fine particles (silt and clay) while traditional sieving techniques were employed to establish the proportions of sand-sized particles. Results indicate that the sediment contained in Boston Bay consists primarily of particles with diameters in the range of 2-50 µm, what the USDA considers silt, and clay.
A real-time nitrate-nitrogen sensor was deployed at the Bay Island Drainage & Levee District pump intake from October 2008, through June 2009. The data collected, coupled with the daily maintenance logs from the pumping station, allow one to estimate that roughly 800 tons of nitrate-nitrogen were pumped into Boston Bay from the drainage district during the time period that the nitrate sensor was deployed in the field.
Bathymetric surveying took place in March, 2009. Survey results indicate that the average elevation of Boston Bay is 531.9 feet above sea level (MSL, 1912). Overall, the bay is very flat with little topographic relief except in the areas of Bell's Pocket and the pond where the drainage district pumps discharge. These areas are much deeper than other areas of the bay, with elevations as low as 508 feet above sea level in the deepest regions.
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the bay (pre- and post-dredge) was constructed using the US Bureau of Reclamation's SRH-W modeling package. Initial results indicate that dredging Boston Bay does not appear to have detrimental impacts on the existing hydrology of the study area. Model outputs reveal that dredging will create greater availability of deep-water regions, with increased areas of faster moving current. The total area of inundation will also be affected by dredging, perhaps creating ideal habitat for hardwood tree species in portions of the study area that would otherwise be wet under existing conditions. Further studies should be conducted to couple the data obtained during particle-size analysis, with the model results to help estimate the feasibility of the proposed dredging activity and lifetime of the excavated channels.
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梁健馨 and Kin-hing Margaret Leung. "Visioning for the community: the adaptive reuse of the Mandarin's House in the historic centre of Macau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42220221.
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Smith, Caitlin Langworthy. "Effects of Sediment Removal on Vegetation Communities in Prairie Pothole Wetlands in North Dakota." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29314.
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The goal of this study was to assess effects of sediment removal on vegetation communities in Prairie Pothole wetlands in North Dakota to determine if this management technique is providing desired results to create conditions for ideal vegetation communities in wetlands that will benefit wildlife. This project consists of vegetation surveys from seasonal wetlands located in Benson, Eddy. Towner. and Wells counties in North Dakota. Three types of wetlands were surveyed: natural (reference), excavated (treatment), and converted cropland. Vegetation surveys were completed in the shallow marsh and wet meadow zones of seasonal wetlands. Sites were sampled using a modified Daubenmire method. Aerial photos were assessed to determine the occurrence of drawdown cycles in wetland sites. Plant communities were analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling and multi-response permutation procedure was used to make comparisons between sites. The wet meadow zones and shallow marsh zones of the three types of wetlands were all significantly different (p<0.016) from one another. In general, restored wetlands show vegetation trends that liken natural wetlands while those that have been allowed to recover without restoration tend to be cattail choked. When examining hybrid cattail specifically visual obstruction scores were approximately four times greater in converted cropland sites versus treatment or reference sites. Vegetation composition indicates hydrologic conditions (fresh to brackish conditions) of specific sites and regional distribution are likely influential factors in wetland plant establishment.North Dakota State University
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Ducks Unlimited
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Buckallew, Robin R. "Comparison of Bare Root vs. Potted Plants, Species Selection, and Caging Types for Restoration of a Prairie Wetland, and Quantitative Analysis and Descriptive Survey of Plant Communities and Associations at Lewisville Lake Environmental Learning Area (LLELA), Lewisville, TX." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3700/.
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Lewisville Lake Environmental Learning Area (LLELA) is an 809-hectare property in Denton County, TX. A study of the vegetation community identified 466 species in 104 families, with 25% of the species from only two families, Asteraceae and Poaceae. The property demonstrates the characteristics of an early successional community, dominated by weedy species. Prairie communities are dominated by Johnson grass and ragweed, with climax tall grass prairie communities only in areas that have been planted with native grass seed. Forest communities are similarly in an early successional stage, dominated by the hackberry-elm-ash alliance, with small remnants of native Cross Timbers found in isolated patches. Species richness and diversity were highest in the forests and lowest in the wetlands; evenness, though not different across ecosystems, demonstrated a strong seasonal component. The species list was compared with previously reported lists for Denton County, and 256 species identified had not been previously reported for the county. A wetland restoration study was conducted to determine if there was a difference in survival and growth between potted transplants with intact root systems and bare-root transplants. Two different mesh sizes were used for protection, and the success of the different caging was evaluated. Of eight species, only four survived through the second growing season. There was no significant difference in the success of the propagule types for Sagittaria latifolia. The treatments planted with intact root systems showed significantly higher growth and reproduction than the bare-root treatments for Eleocharis quadrangulata, Heteranthera dubia, and Vallisneria americana. There was no survival recorded in the coarse mesh cages, likely due to the presence of crayfish that are able to get through the coarser mesh and feed on the transplants.
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Eriksson, David. "Bridge building and the restoration of roads in the rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo : A case study in the Mai Ndombe region, populated by the Basakata people." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36934.
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Chen, Zhaoyu Vicky, and 陈昭宇. "Public private partnership (PPP) in heritage conservation: the case study of Casa de Cha Long Wa, Macao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50713280.
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Public private partnership (PPP) is a favorable cooperation mode in delivery of public infrastructure and service projects. This concept is warmly discussed in economic perspective on providing a wide range of general public services. The private sector which involved in the public services work, it helps release public sector’s finance pressure on funds and reduce the risks on conducting the works.
When this PPP concept applied into conservation works, government and private sector utilize resource they have and cooperate with each other to realize ultimate work. In general, PPP is applied in the conservation on government owned property and work for public interest. The scale of the project is typically large and last for a long time. The private sectors which join in the work are organizations at most. It is rarely to see government-individual cooperation in PPP mode. Such cooperation is encouraged, since a successful conservation work is not judged by project scale and length of work, even money spending, but the social continuum to the public. Therefore, the key issue addressed by this dissertation is to documentary the conservation work undertaken in a teahouse in Macao, especially focusing on the PPP work in process. The purpose is to reveal a successful conservation practice applied PPP in a small scale, private owned property, an individual as private sector participated in conservation work.
The dissertation examines historical, cultural and social backgrounds of the teahouse building and approaches primary source by interviewing with stakeholders on their comments and opinions. After collecting information and analyzing results, a framework on judging the success of PPP work is generated at the end which makes this research valuable and unique. The research work could be used as a reference for future study on PPP work with project characteristics like the case discussed in this dissertation.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Ibem-Ezera, Victor. "Environmental Control in Oil & Gas Exploration & Production : A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, West Africa." Thesis, Linköping University, Environmental Technique and Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57601.
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The goal of this study is to examine the environmental impacts of oil and gas exploration and production (E&P), the roles of legislation, and the environmental management strategies in the petroleum industry with respect to the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study seeks to suggest sustainable solutions to the endemic economic, social, and environmental problems associated with oil and gas E&P in the region. The focus is on the environmental control in the upstream (E&P) operations of the oil and gas industry as it affects the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with a view to proffering sustainable solutions.
The heavily polluting activities and environmental impacts of the upstream oil and gas operations in the Niger Delta have over the years taken a routine dimension and are endemic as a result of inadequate environmental legislations and ineffective enforcements. Sequel to these environmental impacts is militancy, adoption of expatriates, communal conflicts, inter-ethnic conflicts, human right abuses, restiveness and other social vices as the study reveals. These social and environmental impacts of oil and gas activities in this region bring impoverishment, abject poverty, hunger, squalor, birth disease, gene mutation, and death while exposing inhabitants of the region to afflictions and diseases as the study explicitly documents.
The study also reveals that the persistence rate of unrest, restiveness, militancy and other social vices is as a result of non-dialogue status between the different stakeholders, lack of infrastructural development, lack of basic amenities, high rate of unemployment, poor policy construct, federalized mineral right / resource ownership structure, and the monopolistic nature of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earning in petroleum resources.
In this dissertation, both proactive and corrective measures to curb the menace of the social, economic and environmental impacts of oil and gas exploration & production operations in Nigeria are presented and discussed with suggestions to sustainable solution and development, better environmental legislation, and better resource policy construct while advocating for good industrial practices in the petroleum industry with emphasis on the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
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Pietersen, Adrian. "A fluvial geomorphological study of river rehabilitation in the Kouga region, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015228.
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The Kouga Riparian Rehabilitation Project (KRRP) is seen as a pilot rehabilitation project in the Kouga region that is heavily invaded with Acacia mearnsii along the riparian zones of many mountain streams. Clearing of these black wattles and re-planting of indigenous vegetation are imperative to rehabilitation efforts. In this context, two invaded catchments were identified - the Baviaans and the Heuningnes. The aim of this research is to characterise the effects that the woody alien invasive Acacia mearnsii has had on the river channel morphology of the Baviaans and Heuningnes Rivers. A desktop and initial field analysis of the relevant study area catchments was completed. This was followed by a comparison of the channel morphology of the various study channel reaches using fixed channel transects. Ecological resource quality objectives (RQOs) for river rehabilitation from a fluvial geomorphological viewpoint were then established. A long-term monitoring protocol to assess whether or not these RQOs will be achieved was recommended. Follow-up channel transects were measured post wattle clearance in the Baviaans and short-term (<2yrs) changes in channel form were described. Differences in terms of the effect of Acacia mearnsii on channel form were then interpreted by direct comparison and through statistical analysis. Results indicate a number of significant differences between those channels impacted by black wattle infestation and those channels seen as unimpacted and natural. Short-term changes (<2yrs) that occurred within the study period post Baviaans wattle clearance were shown to be minimal for channel form as well as for bed material. The lack of any clear relationship or explanation between channel form and other channel controls suggests vegetation as the primary control. Vegetation, specifically the invasive alien vegetation, is the key controlling variable acting on channel form in the two study catchments.
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Zatout, Masoud Moustafa Mohamed. "The roles of exotic and native tree species in preventing desertification and enhancing degraded land restoration in the north east of Libya : reciprocal effects of environmental factors and plantation forestry on each other, assessed by observations on growth and reproductive success of relevant tree species, and environmental factors analysed using multivariate statistics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5708.
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Today's arid and semi-arid zones of the Mediterranean are affected by desertification, resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities such as overcultivation, overgrazing and deforestation. Afforestation programs are one of the most effective means in preventing desertification. For many years Libya has had afforestation programs in order to restore degraded land and in response to rapid desert encroachment in the north east of Libya, in the area called the Jabal Akhdar (Green Mountain), which has been investigated in this study. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relative roles of exotic compared to native tree species in preventing desertification and enhancing degraded land restoration in the Jabal Akhdar. The effect of environmental factors on exotic compared to native tree species have been assessed by observations on growth and reproductive success of the species, including variables of stocking rate, trunk diameter, tree height, crown diameter, tree coverage, natural mortality, felling and seedling regeneration, as well as calculated variables, derived from these measurements. The effects of methods and age of afforestation on the promotion of biological diversity have been investigated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The effects of tree species on soil depth have also been investigated. Multivariate statistical analyses of site, species and environmental data, using both cluster analyses and factor analyses have been performed, with the aim of determining what is influencing the species, crops or differentiating between the sites, based on soil depth, angle of slope, altitude, rainfall and air temperature values. Pinus halepensis showed success in its growth and regeneration, particularly at higher altitudes and steeper slopes. Cupressus sempervirens was successful in growth and regeneration in the mountains. The exotic Eucalyptus gomphocephala was very successful in its growth, but did not regenerate well, while the exotic Acacia cyanophylla trees had a failure of both growth and regeneration. E. gomphocephala species appeared to favour relativley the flatter (non-mountain) sites, while A. Cyanophylla appeared to favour relativly the mountain sites. All the species responded positively to greater rainfall and deep soil, but they differed in where they were most likely to be successful. Environmental factors such as climate, terrain and soil are the main determinants of species distribution in the study area, in addition to their impact on the growth of the main trees. There appeared not to be any relationship between biodiversity and whether the main trees were native or exotic, and only P. halepensis showed any negative effect on the abundance of shrubs. There was greater diversity of trees and shrubs generally at the younger sites than the old sites. The present study emphasises the current mismanagement of planted forests, particularly with overgrazing contributing to desertification, through preventing tree growth and eliminating most sapling regeneration. This study concludes by making recommendations for more effective choice of tree species to plant, and for subsequent management to improve afforestation programmes in the Jabal Akhdar area.
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Van, Zyl Annemarie. "'n Ondersoek na die bewarenswaardigheid van die Elandsvlei-gebouekompleks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53523.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The farm Elandsvlei, situated approximately halfway between the towns Ceres and Calvinia in the Ceres-Karoo, was originally the eighteenth-century pioneer farm Elandsdrift. The farm initially had a number of owners in quick succession, after which Barend Lubbe received it as loan farm. His family grew rapidly and his son Frans eventually received Elandsdrift. Frans' daughter Johanna Adriana married Jacobus Petrus Hough, the son of a poor tailor who came to the Cape as a soldier of the DEIC and became a free burgher some years later. This was the first in a series of marriages between Lubbe women and Hough men and the result was that Elandsdrift, later to become Elandsvlei, became Hough property. Elandsvlei became an important centre for the community of the Ceres-Karoo. Among other things, the farm had a school and even a postal agency. The buildings on pioneer farms during the eighteenth century were generally very simple and primitive due to the circumstances under which the farmers were scraping together a living. A century later the situation has changed and the farmers were becoming more settled. Approximately in the period between 1830 and 1890 a number of interesting buildings were erected on Elandsvlei. Some of these were built with gracious Cape Dutch gables from the outset while others had gables added on at a later stage, so that the farm currently boasts a unique collection of buildings in the Cape Dutch style. The most important buildings were documented as part of this study by means of description, architectural drawings and photographs. Some buildings on the farm have already disappeared completely while others are in various stages of decay, mostly due to the fact that they are not utilised any more. It is essential that measures be taken immediately to save these buildings. Complete restoration is not called for seeing that, especially in the current financial climate, it is a problem to secure the necessary finances. The farm is already running a successful tourism business and it will be possible to incorporate the restored buildings into this business in a meaningful way.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die plaas Elandsvlei, geleë halfpad tussen Ceres en Calvinia in die Ceres-Karoo, het sy ontstaan in die middel van die agtiende eeu gehad as die pioniersplaas Elandsdrift. Na 'n aantal eienaars mekaar redelik vinnig opgevolg het, het Barend Lubbe die plaas as leningsplaas ontvang. Sy familie het snel uitgebrei en sy seun Frans het Elandsdrift ontvang. Frans se dogter Johanna Adriana is getroud met Jacobus Petrus Hough, die seun van 'n arm kleremaker wat as soldaat van die vac na die Kaap gekom het en slegs 'n paar jaar later vryburger geword het. Dit was die eerste van 'n reeks huwelike tussen Lubbe-vroue en Hough-mans, en die uiteinde was dat Elandsdrift, later Elandsvlei, in Hough-besit oorgegaan het. Elandsvlei het mettertyd 'n belangrike gemeenskapsentrum in die Ceres-Karoo geword en daar was selfs 'n skool en posagentskap op die plaas. Die geboue op die pioniersplase gedurende die agtiende eeu was oor die algemeen baie eenvoudig en primitief weens die omstandighede waaronder die pionierboere 'n bestaan moes maak. 'n Eeu later het die situasie egter verander en die boere was al meer gevestig. In die periode tussen ongeveer 1830 en 1890 is daar 'n aantal besondere geboue op Elandsvlei opgerig. Sommige geboue is van meet af aan met sierlike Kaaps-Hollandse gewels gebou terwyl ander later gewels bygekry het, sodat daar tans 'n unieke versameling geboue in die Kaaps-Hollandse styl op die plaas staan. Die belangrikste geboue is deur middel van hierdie studie so volledig moontlik gedokumenteer deur beskrywings, argitekstekeninge en foto's. 'n Aantal van die geboue op die plaas het alreeds vergaan en andere is in verskeie stadia van verval, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die feit dat dit nie meer benut word nie. Dit is noodsaaklik dat opknappingswerk onmiddellik aangepak word om die geboue te red. Volledige restourasie is nie nodig nie aangesien dit veral in die huidige tydsgewrig problematies is om die nodige fmansies te bekom. Daar bestaan alreeds 'n toerismebedryf op die plaas en dit sal moontlik wees om die opgeknapte geboue sinvol by die bestaande bedryf in te sluit.
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Danna, Charlotte. "Le principe de solidarité écologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2070.
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Adopté par l’article 2 de la loi n°2016-1087 de reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages du 8 aout 2016, le principe de solidarité écologique appelle « à prendre en compte, dans toute prise de décision publique ayant une incidence notable sur l’environnement des territoires concernés, les interactions des écosystèmes, des êtres vivants et des milieux naturels ou aménagés ». Ce principe général du droit de l’environnement inscrit à l’article L110-1 du code de l’environnement est destiné à conserver les interactions écosystémiques et les processus écologiques ainsi qu’à améliorer la gestion environnementale des territoires. La dualité de son objet en fait un principe d’une grande richesse, qui devrait concerner de nombreuses décisions. Divers fondements supranationaux, au sein de la jurisprudence et dans les textes internationaux et européens peuvent ainsi lui être attribués. Dans un contexte d’interdépendance écologique, l’évolution de la dimension internationale et européenne du principe reste essentielle pour juger de ses effets au regard de la conservation de la biodiversité. Au niveau du droit interne, son ancrage au cœur de l’équilibre de l’environnement lui apporte un rayonnement particulier. Il conforte le droit à un environnement équilibré et prolonge les principes constitutionnels de prévention et de développement durable. Face à la crise d’extinction mondiale de la biodiversité menaçant notre survie, le principe de solidarité écologique se présente comme cette ultime chance de la conserver. Deux grands ensembles de dispositifs permettent de mesurer la dynamique du principe de solidarité écologique : la trame verte et bleue et la gestion intégrée de la mer et du littoral. Ils constituent une base pour concevoir la solidarité écologique et représentent ainsi le commencement d’un droit nouveau. Le principe de solidarité écologique appelle à les renforcer et, de manière plus générale, à faire évoluer l’ensemble des décisions concernées par le principeAdopted by article 2 from act nr 2016-1087 concerning the reconquest of biodiversity, nature and landscape of August 8th 2016, the principle of ecological solidarity calls “for taking into consideration the interactions of ecosystems, living creatures and natural or developed environments in all public decisions having a notable impact on the environment of the territories concerned”.This general principle of environmental law inscribed in article L110 1 of the environmental code is designed to preserve the interactions of ecosystems and ecological processes as well as to improve the environmental management of the territories. The duality of its objective renders it a highly valuable principle which should be applied to numerous decisions. Various supranational foundations, within jurisprudence and in international and European laws, can thus be assigned to it. In the context of ecological interdependence the evolution of the international and European dimension of the principle remains essential in order to see the benefits concerning the safeguarding of biodiversity. It is greatly enhanced, as regards internal law, by the fact that it is at the very center of the environment's equilibrium. It justifies the right to a balanced environment and extends the constitutional principles of prevention and sustainable development. Confronted with the crisis of world-wide biodiversity extinction that threatens our survival, the principle of ecological solidarity emerges as the last chance to preserve it. Two major groups of systems allow us to measure the dynamics of the principle of ecological solidarity: the green and the blue line belt network and the Ocean and coastline Governance Framework. They constitute a basis on which to develop ecological solidarity and represent the beginnings of new legislation. The principle of ecological solidarity requires them to be reinforced and more generally to advance all decisions concerned by the principle
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Commander, Lucy. "Seed biology and rehabilitation in the arid zone : a study in the Shark Bay world heritage area, Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0091.
Full textAbstract:
Research into seed biology and restoration ecology of areas disturbed by mining is crucial to their revegetation. Shark Bay Salt, a solar salt facility in the Shark Bay World Heritage Area in Western Australia has several areas of disturbance as a result of 'soil borrowing'. Soil from these areas termed 'borrow pits' was used to create infrastructure such as the roads and embankments surrounding the evaporation ponds. Many of the pits contain little to no vegetation after >10 years since disturbance ceased, hence research into their restoration is now essential. A vegetation survey at the site established the key species in the undisturbed vegetation, and investigated the vegetation in borrow pits subject to natural migration and topsoil replacement. The vegetation communities in the borrow pits were vastly different to those in the undisturbed vegetation, highlighting the need for research into revegetation. An investigation into the use of 'borrowed' topsoil on a small scale showed that seedling recruitment from 'borrowed' topsoil was generally similar in the donor site (natural vegetation) and the borrow pits. Due to the absence of topsoil for further revegetation, it was necessary to understand seed germination and dormancy characteristics to establish seed pre-treatments prior to seed broadcasting and seedling (greenstock) planting. An investigation into seed germination and dormancy characteristics of 18 common species revealed that most species germinated equally well at 26/13oC and 33/18oC, however seven species had improved performance at 26/13oC. Untreated seeds of seven species exhibited high germination. Seeds of two species had low imbibition, which increased with hot-water treatment, and hence require scarification for germination. Germination of seeds of three species substantially increased with gibberellic acid (GA3), smoke water (SW) and karrikinolide (KAR1, a butenolide isolated from smoke). Seeds of the remaining six species had low germination regardless of treatment. As a result, species were classified as likely to be non-dormant (44%), physiologically dormant (44%) or physically dormant (11%). Physiological dormancy of three species was at least partly alleviated by dry afterripening, whereby moisture content of seeds was adjusted to 13% or 50% equilibrium relative humidity and seeds were stored at 30oC or 45oC for several months. All iv after-ripening conditions increased germination percentage and rate of two species with one only germinating when treated with GA3 or KAR1. The germination of the third species was dependent on after-ripening temperature and seed moisture content.
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Wissmann, Ross B. "The Christian ministry : case studies of preachers of the Churches of Christ in Bicol, Philippines." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5919.
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This thesis examines the challenges faced by the ministers of religion in Churches of Christ (Restoration Movement) in Bicol, Philippines. The goal is to do theology from below, not from above, as pastoral ministry must come from the experience of those who practice it, not from textbooks. The pastoral perspectives of the dilemmas that the ministers raise are heard, observed, documented, and then reflected upon. To do this, case studies of four preachers are used and the mga problema that they present are explored with them. As a result, first, I introduce some of those challenges which are perplexing on the ground level and which appear to be under-researched in serious theological circles, especially in an Asian context. Second, I hope that these case studies can be used to stimulate reflection in ministerial and spiritual formation. Third, I document some of the theology and methodology of the Churches of Christ, particularly as practiced in the Philippines. Chapter 1 explores the dichotomy between the perceived satisfaction in the pastoral ministry with the crisis of role and identity. In particular, issues such as forced exits and stress are presented while baptism and preaching are scrutinized. Chapter 2 centres on the conundrums experienced in planting a new church and being the lone planter. Chapter 3 examines three challenges–the task of ministering in a home congregation, the issue of accreditation in ministerial training, and how the minister can be a success and grow the church. Never far from the thoughts and actions of any of the Bicolano ministers is the problema of poverty, so Chapter 4 considers some of the Filipino, personal, and spiritual complexities of poverty, delineates a number of factors that need to be taken into consideration in any effort to overcome this malady and concludes with a particular reference to ministry.
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Kennedy, Kristofer H. "Community Restoration: Reconciling the Legacy of Contaminated Sites Within Our Communities." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/620.
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Separation, removal, and relocation are the initial steps in the “clean-up” of a contaminated site. While crucial to safeguarding the public health of adjacent communities and the surrounding environment, conventional remediation is subtractive from the community leaving many psychological wounds untreated. Architecture has the greatest potential to address the social concerns which contribute to the complexities of redeveloping a contaminated site.
Focusing on the 52 acre former General Electric Brownfield site in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, I have explored through design alternative approaches for the redevelopment of contaminated sites. My design research focuses on the ways in which architecture can be used as a tool to desensitize the legacy of post-industrial contaminated sites within our communities and create spaces of sustainable coexistence between for our greater economic, environmental, and communal interests.
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"Juniper Effects on Grassland Soil Nutrient Availability." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.8778.
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abstract: ABSTRACT The February 2008 study of a Snowflake, Arizona site measured changes in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, and soil moisture, to determine what affect One-seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) trees have on surrounding soil, thus affecting native grass growth. Increasing juniper densities in grasslands also decrease populations of some grassland bird species. Measurements were taken each meter along a twelve meter line transect, moving from juniper trees, through a bare soil area and into a grassland. Non-linear relationships were examined, in regard to distance from the tree and juniper root mass. Relationships were examined to determine any affect of the juniper tree on soil characteristics along the transect. Organic carbon decreased as distance increased from the trees (F=4.25, df=46, p=0.020). Soil moisture increased with distance from the trees (F=5.42, df=46, p=0.008), and juniper root mass, of roots less than 1 mm diameter, significantly decreased with distance away from the trees (F=11.29, df=46, p=0.0001). Total nitrogen and extractable phosphorus did not significantly change with distance from the tree, or presence of juniper roots. This data is important as grassland restoration projects rely on the availability of soil nutrients and water for reestablishment of native grass species.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Applied Biological Sciences 2010
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"Fire and Reseeding Effects on Arizona Upland Plant Community Composition and a Preliminary Floristic Inventory of Cave Creek Regional Park." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.51686.
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abstract: Baseline community composition data provides a snapshot in time that allows changes in composition to be monitored more effectively and can inform best practices. This study examines Arizona Upland plant community composition of the Sonoran Desert through three different lenses: floristic inventory, and fire and reseeding effects.
A floristic inventory was conducted at Cave Creek Regional Park (CCRP), Maricopa County, AZ. One hundred fifty-four taxa were documented within Park boundaries, including 148 species and six infraspecific taxa in 43 families. Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, and Fabaceae accounted for 40% of documented species and annuals accounted for 56% of documented diversity.
Fire effects were studied at three locations within McDowell Sonoran Preserve (MSP), Scottsdale, AZ. These fires occurred throughout the 1990s and recovered naturally. Fire and reseeding effects were studied at the site of a 2005 fire within CCRP that was reseeded immediately following the fire.
Two questions underlie the study regarding fire and reseeding effects: 1) How did fire and reseeding affect the cover and diversity of the plant communities? 2) Is there a difference in distribution of cover between treatments for individual species or growth habits? To address these questions, I compared burned and adjacent unburned treatments at each site, with an additional reseeded treatment added at CCRP.
MSP sites revealed overall diversity and cover was similar between treatments, but succulent cover was significantly reduced, and subshrub cover was significantly greater in the burn treatment. Seventeen species showed significant difference in distribution of cover between treatments.
The CCRP reseeded site revealed 11 of 28 species used in the seed mix persist 12 years post-fire. The reseeded treatment showed greater overall diversity than burned and unburned treatments. Succulent and shrub cover were significantly reduced by fire while subshrub cover was significantly greater in the reseeded treatment. Sixteen species showed significant difference in distribution of cover between treatments.
Fire appears to impact plant community composition across Arizona Upland sites. Choosing species to include in seed mixes for post-fire reseeding, based on knowledge of pre-fire species composition and individual species’ fire responses, may be a useful tool to promote post-fire plant community recovery.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Plant Biology and Conservation 2018
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Marques, Pedro Miguel Pereira. "Paladares de Portugal: Fast good à Portuguesa." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4216.
Full textAbstract:
Este plano de negócios tem a finalidade de, não só apresentar e fundamentar a estratégia
de implementação do restaurante Paladares de Portugal, bem como, e paralelamente a
isso, introduzir um conceito inovador na cozinha tradicional Portuguesa – o Fast Good.
Com base na Revisão de Literatura, Análise de Mercado (Actual e Futura), Análise
Interna e Competitiva, foi definida uma Estratégia de Implementação e
Desenvolvimento para o Paladares de Portugal, com o intuito de criar um novo
segmento no sector da Restauração Portuguesa.
Muito embora os promotores deste projecto não tenham experiência profissional na
restauração, a realização do mesmo, contou com o apoio, tanto ao nível operacional
como ao nível estratégico, de diversos empresários ligados ao mesmo.
O Paladares de Portugal irá exercer a sua actividade na Avenida Duque de Loulé n.º 3A.
Posicionando-se como o primeiro restaurante em Portugal a aliar o conceito Fast Good
à cozinha tradicional Portuguesa, o principal objectivo será o de preencher um nicho de
mercado no sector da restauração, que é constituído por pessoas que procuram um
serviço rápido, barato e de qualidade, num ambiente agradável e com características
únicas.
O plano de negócios apresenta a estrutura organizacional, as vantagens competitivas e o
investimento necessário para a implementação do mesmo.
Os factores apresentados permitem concluir que financeiramente o projecto é viável,
bem como existe na zona do Saldanha mercado para o desenvolvimento do negócio.
Deste modo, é correcto afirmar que nos encontramos perante um projecto vencedor.This Business Plan aims, not only to provide and support the implementation strategy of the restaurant Paladares de Portugal, but also, in parallel to this, introducing an innovative concept in traditional Portuguese cuisine – Fast Good. Based on Literature Review, Market Analysis (Current and Future), Internal Analysis Competitive, was defined an Implementation and Development Strategy for the Paladares de Portugal, with the intend of creating a new segment in the Portuguese Restoration sector. Although the promoters do not have professional experience in the restoration sector, the accomplishment of this project was supported, at both the operational and strategic level, by several businessmen connected to it. The Paladares de Portugal will carry out his activity on Avenida Duque de Loulé n.º 3A. Positioning itself as the first restaurant in Portugal to unite the Fast Good concept to the traditional Portuguese cuisine, the main goal will be to fill a market niche in the restaurant sector, which consist in people seeking a fast, cheap and quality service, in a pleasant environment with unique features. The Business Plan provides the organizational structure, competitive advantages and the investment required for the implementation. The factors presented, allow us to conclude that there is financial viability for the project, as well a market in the Saldanha area for the business growth. Therefore, we can say we have here a winning project.
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Katsikoyiannis, Stamatia. "The effects of conservation and change of land use in the Florida Road area from a residential to a mixed use area." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2573.
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MONTAGOVÁ, Zdeňka. "Zhodnocení úspěšnosti druhů v regionálních směsích při obnově luk v Bílých Karpatech." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85755.
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The aim of the study was to assess succes of some plant species in restoration of species rich meadows in Bílé Karpaty mountains. The meadows were sown with regional seed mixtures. It also deals with a diversity of the growths old 1 till 8 years and its relation to environmental conditions.
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McPherson, James Brady. "Bankfull Geomorphic Relationships and Reference Reach Assessment of the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province of East Tennessee." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1005.
Full textAbstract:
Waterways have been geomorphically altered or disturbed by development, mining, agriculture and other human activities for many years. Section 404 of the Clean Water Act determined that these impacts to our waterways must be mitigated for channel alterations. Stream restoration has been one method to mitigate for these impacts to our water resources. Stream restoration is considered to be a measurable improvement to the channel stability, water quality, habitat or overall function of a degraded stream system. Practices of stream restoration have changed in the last 10 to 20 years with the introduction of natural channel design methods. Natural channel design involves rebuilding a stream channel with the appropriate channel dimensions, slope, and planform to accommodate water and sediment inputs from its drainage basin without excessively aggrading or degrading. Dimensions of restored stream channels are based on a stage that is termed bankfull. The bankfull discharge is the flow that fills the channel just to the tops of its banks to the incipient point of flooding. Design dimensions used in natural channel design are based on bankfull stage and discharge because practitioners believe it is responsible for the average morphology of a stream channel. Practitioners of stream restoration use two tools to aid in the determination of these stable channel conditions: they are 1) regional channel geometry and discharge relations to drainage area (regional curves) and 2) reference reach derived dimensionless bankfull channel geometry ratios. These tools are developed for ecoregions that have similar climates, topography, geology, soils, hydrology and vegetation because these are also the features that dictate stream channel form. Regional curves and reference reach dimensionless ratios were developed for the Level III Ecoregion 67 Ridge and Valley, Tennessee. The regional power function equations of bankfull cross sectional area, width, mean depth, and discharge to drainage, and the dimensionless bankfull channel geometry ratios of reference reaches will help determine the bankfull channel dimensions used in natural channel design.
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Jian, Tuo-yun, and 簡妥芸. "Mechanical Verification of Implant Restoration in the Posterior Region." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63614668383211910744.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
96
This thesis mainly fabricates an alveolus bone of two-material model to simulate the loading situation of the alveolus bone after implantation, and measures strain of the model under loading to verify the Finite Element Method analysis. According to the real alveolus bone which contains the cortical bone and the cancellous bone, we establish a two-material model. In the model 3M Z100 light curing was used to replace the cortical bone and quartz powder and epoxy were used to replace the cancellous bone. The material constants (Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ration) of the model were determined experimentally. An implant was installed in the model as well as an abutment and a crown to simulate a real oral implantation. The complete model under occlusion was simulated by FEM. At the surface of the real model of the selected points were bonded bi-axes strain gages. After the experiment, the measured axial strains which under occlusion were found agree well with those results from FEM.