Academic literature on the topic 'Regions recovery after a pandemic'
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Journal articles on the topic "Regions recovery after a pandemic"
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Zhang, Dongyong, Mengge Hao, and Stephen Morse. "Is Environmental Sustainability Taking a Backseat in China after COVID-19? The Perspective of Business Managers." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 10369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410369.
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China’s quick economic recovery from COVID-19 has presented a narrow but vast opportunity to build an economy that is cleaner, fairer, and safer. Will China grab this opportunity? The answer rests with both business managers and the government. Based on a questionnaire survey of 1160 owners and managers of companies headquartered in 32 regions of China and covering 30 industries, this paper explores how COVID-19 has impacted Chinese business, especially with regard to the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, and environmental). The results suggest that Chinese companies’ sustainability priorities have been shifted towards the social dimension both during COVID-19 and into the post-pandemic phase, regardless of the type of ownership, company size, or market focus (domestic, overseas, or mixture of the two). However, all types of company prioritize the need for economic sustainability in the post-pandemic phase and in relative terms the importance of the environmental dimension has been diminished. Hence the potential for a post-pandemic environmental rebound effect in China is clear. But it does not have to be the case if Chinese businesses and the government take actions to change its recovery plans to embrace the environmental dimension of sustainability. The paper puts forward some suggestions and recommendations for businesses and the government.
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Akhunov, Rustem R., Liaisan R. Akhunova, Sergey G. Marichev, and Rishat I. Nizamutdinov. "Russian oil and gas regions during the COVID-19 crisis and their digital transformation." R-Economy 7, no. 3 (2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2021.7.3.016.
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Relevance. One of the key long-term strategic goals of Russia's economic development is to increase the share of the digital and green economy in the gross product of the country and its regions. The recession caused by the pandemic has brought to the forefront the challenges of digitalization in the country's oil and gas sector, which was among the hardest hit sectors, and thus required significant effort on the part of regional governments. Research objective. This research aims to demonstrate the key role played by digitalization and environmentalization in the recovery of the Russian oil and gas regions from the pandemic. Data and methods. The study provides an overview of the Russian and international research literature on the ways to foster economic recovery and growth after the COVID-19 pandemic, including the publications of the United Nations and the World Economic Forum. Methodologically, the study relies on the empirical, general scientific methods and methods of economic statistics. We used in our calculations the data from the open-access statistical yearbook 'Russian Regions' published by Rosstat. Results The study analyzed the challenges of digitalization faced by Russian oil and gas regions to show the need for institutional transformations on the national level. We also formulated some recommendations for the improvement of the evaluation of regional governments' digitalization efforts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the more general evaluation of the digital transformation of regional economies. Conclusions To stimulate economic growth of Russian oil and gas regions recovering from the pandemic, a viable strategy would be to place a greater emphasis on their sustainable and digital development. In the international rankings such as the EDGI Ranking presented annually by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), Russia occupies a high position in terms of e-government services and digitalization in other spheres. Nevertheless, as far as the Russian oil and gas regions are concerned, there are considerable disparities in terms of digitalization. To accelerate digital transformation, we would highly recommend to improve the methods of evaluation of the digital progress in regional government, especially to include a set of indicators characterising regional governments' responses to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Mariet, Anne-Sophie, Maurice Giroud, Eric Benzenine, Jonathan Cottenet, Adrien Roussot, Ludwig Serge Aho-Glélé, Pascale Tubert-Bitter, Yannick Béjot, and Catherine Quantin. "Hospitalizations for Stroke in France During the COVID-19 Pandemic Before, During, and After the National Lockdown." Stroke 52, no. 4 (April 2021): 1362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.032312.
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Background and Purpose: In France, the entire population was put under a total lockdown from March 17 to May 11, 2020 during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Whether the lockdown had consequences on the management of medical emergencies such as stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) has yet to be fully evaluated. This article describes hospitalization rates for acute stroke in 2 French regions that experienced contrasting rates of COVID-19 infection, before, during, and after the nationwide lockdown (January to June 2020). Methods: All patients admitted for acute stroke/TIA into all public and private hospitals of the 2 study regions were included. Data were retrieved from the National Hospitalization Database (PMSI). In the most affected region (Grand-Est), the hospitalization rates observed in April 2020 were compared with the rates in the same period in the least affected region (Occitanie) and in the 3 prior years (2017–2019). Results: There was a significant decline in hospitalization rates for stroke/TIA within the region most affected by COVID-19 during the month of April 2020 compared with previous years, while no significant change was seen in the least affected region. After lockdown, we observed a fast rebound in the rate of hospitalization for stroke/TIA in the most affected region, contrasting with a slower rebound in the least affected region. In both regions, patients with COVID-19 stroke more frequently had ischemic stroke, a nonsignificant greater prevalence of diabetes, they were less frequently admitted to stroke units, and mortality was higher than in patients without COVID-19. Conclusions: Our results demonstrates a significant drop in stroke/TIA hospitalizations and a fast recovery after the end of the French lockdown in the most affected region, while the least affected region saw a nonsignificant drop in stroke/TIA hospitalizations and a slow recovery. These results and recommendations could be used by the health authorities to prepare for future challenges.
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Nemova, Lyudmila. "Canada’s Economy in 2021: Exiting the “Pandemic” Recession." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 3 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760017035-5.
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The article analyses the dynamics of the Canadian economy in 2020-2021, during the unprecedented global “pandemic” recession. It is shown that like in many other countries, the economic ups and downs in Canada closely followed the waves of the COVID-19 infection spreading across the regions and the subsequent rounds of regulatory restrictions on “high-contact” economic activities, citizens’ travel inside and outside the country, international trade, and etc. In the latter half of the 2020 several goods-producing industries showed signs of recovery which continued through the following year. However, it was only mass vaccination of Canadians in all provinces and territories that created conditions for sustained re-opening of businesses in most sectors of the national economy by the end 2021. The author looks at the internal and external drivers of recovery and continued growth. It is shown that on the whole the federal emergency plan proved to be successful in providing income support for Canadians and preventing bankruptcies among small and medium-sized businesses. The 2021 Federal Budget includes more than $100 billion in new spending over three years. It is expected that massive fiscal stimulus coupled with pent-up demand will sustain strong consumer spending after the speedy vaccine rollout allows businesses to fully reopen. At the same time, non-residential capital expenditures by private sector companies will increase only moderately in most sectors after a sizable decline in 2020. This year Canada’s resource-based industries are benefiting from the growing global demand for oil and gas, base metals, forest and agricultural products. The concluding part of the article analyses the major risks which can slow the economic recovery: the global supply-chain bottlenecks, labour market imbalances, growing inflation pressures, and massive federal budget deficit.
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Smirnov, Sergei. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Russian consumer market: statistical analysis." Social novelties and Social sciences, no. 2 (2020): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/snsn/2020.02.09.
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Thequarantine measures introduced in Russia and its regions in the first half of 2020 caused negative consequences for the economy as a whole and its various sectors in particular. One of the most affected was the consumer market. The article provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of quarantine measures on individual components of the consumer market sector, analyzes the pace of its recovery in May-July 2020 after gradual easing of quarantine measures. It is arguedthat the further development of the situation is difficult to predict due to the uncertainty of the situation with the dynamics of the pandemia.
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Fang, Da, and Xiaoke Zhang. "The Protective Effect of Digital Financial Inclusion on Agricultural Supply Chain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from China." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 7 (November 21, 2021): 3202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070174.
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Financial inclusion plays a positive role in protecting agriculture during or after disaster. This paper focuses on the protective effect of digital financial inclusion on the agricultural supply chain and analyzes three mechanisms of the protective effect: financial widening, financial deepening, and financial services digitization. Based on the Gravity Equation, we conduct an empirical study using agricultural logistics and digital financial inclusion data from China. The regression results indicate that a 1% increase in the digital financial inclusion, measured by the Peking University Digital Inclusion Index, increases agricultural trade during the COVID-19 pandemic by approximately 1.6%. Furthermore, heterogeneous protective effects exist between regions in China. Digital financial inclusion is more effective in the Eastern regions in protecting the ASC than in other regions. This paper enriches the understanding of financial inclusion in helping agriculture supply chain recovery.
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Lepore, Dominique, Alessandra Micozzi, and Francesca Spigarelli. "Industry 4.0 Accelerating Sustainable Manufacturing in the COVID-19 Era: Assessing the Readiness and Responsiveness of Italian Regions." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052670.
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An unpredictable shock hit the Italian economy in February 2020 when the spread of the COVID-19 virus began in Italy and other countries worldwide. In this context, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies can be a fundamental tool for economic recovery by favouring the shift towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the readiness of countries for I4.0 in order to guide policies in defining incentives to promote I4.0 and unlock its potential in the pandemic era. In this context, the paper aims to understand the readiness and responsiveness of the Italian Regions with respect to I4.0 concepts prior to the pandemic and identify best practices that are supporting companies in I4.0 adoption, with a focus on those incentivizing sustainable practices. An assessment framework before the pandemic is provided based on two dimensions: the readiness of firms to invest in I4.0 and favourable structural conditions. The assessment shows a group of alert regions as opposed to a group of unprepared, mostly linked Northern and Southern differences. Assuming that the “alert regions” are more likely to effectively manage and overcome the post- COVID-19 crisis, we provide a picture of how the Italian Regions have sought to encourage the adoption of digital technologies to improve resilience after the shock. The analysis shows that supporting measures mainly address Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Furthermore, the tenders encouraging the adoption of I4.0 suggest that collaboration among stakeholders will become imperative.
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Makarov, M. Yu. "Prospects for the Post-Crisis Economic Recovery of St. Petersburg with Allowance for the Digitalization Factor." Economics and Management 27, no. 9 (October 21, 2021): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2021-9-717-724.
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Aim. The presented study aims to determine the prospects for the economic recovery of St. Petersburg after the recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with allowance for the digitalization factor and to evaluate directions for its development.Tasks. The authors theoretically analyze the impact of crisis factors on the economy of St. Petersburg and assess the prospects for its recovery with allowance for the digitalization factor; identify the factors of the economic crisis in Russia and St. Petersburg under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic; describe the potential advantages of using digitalization tools to restore the economy of Russia and St. Petersburg.Methods. This study uses an integrated approach based on the economic-statistical and general scientific methods, methods of analogy, comparative analysis and systematization, as well as mathematical analysis and online survey.Results. Theoretical analysis of scientific literature makes it possible to assess the impact of crisis factors on the economy of St. Petersburg and prospects for its recovery in the context of digitalization. Factors of the economic crisis in Russia and St. Petersburg that has developed under the influence of the pandemic are identified, and the potential advantages of digitalization in the economic recovery of Russia and St. Petersburg are examined.Conclusions. It is determined that St. Petersburg has potential advantages in digitalization and the pace of introduction of digital technologies for economic recovery compared with other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. These advantages include the widespread use of broadband Internet by households, digital sales, intensive use of digital technologies in the business sector, advanced telecommunications infrastructure, etc. Some of the largest companies in St. Petersburg are successfully implementing a digital transformation strategy. Analysis shows the potential advantages and directions for the development of digitalization in the economic recovery of Russia and some of its regions, including St. Petersburg.
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Goschin, Zizi, Mihai Antonia, and Horia Tigau. "Entrepreneurship Recovery in Romania after the Great Recession. A Dynamic Spatial Panel Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910702.
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Entrepreneurship plays a key role in transforming the economy and society by stimulating economic development, testing innovative ideas, creating new jobs, and by enriching the quality of life and human existence. Entrepreneurship dynamics depend upon a series of local and national economic factors, but are also affected by the international environment, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical data show that new businesses are created at a slower rate during an economic crisis, when the economic climate is harsh, and business opportunities are scarce. Nevertheless, there are local differences in the reaction to crises, and new business formation tends to decline with variable intensity from one region to another, even in the same country. The crises are acting as a trigger for some opportunity-driven entrepreneurs, and resilient regions can thrive even in times of crisis or recover faster after a depression. To capture spatial interactions, as well as spatial short- and long-term effects, the method employed in our analysis relies on the estimation of dynamic spatial panel models. We tested the potential impact of a large variety of social and economic indicators on the creation of new firms and found that the most consequential factors of influence are the economic crisis (expressed through a binary variable), GDP per capita, FDI per capita, inflation, unemployment, and education. Our results convey a powerful policy message for both national and regional decision makers. We believe that, while putting entrepreneurial initiative to the test, the current COVID-19 crisis might act as a catalyst that leads to innovation and reshapes the economy and society.
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Cai, Gangwei, Yan Hong, Lei Xu, Weijun Gao, Ka Wang, and Xiaoting Chi. "An Evaluation of Green Ryokans through a Tourism Accommodation Survey and Customer-Satisfaction-Related CASBEE–IPA after COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010145.
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Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it became significant to study how to improve the customer satisfaction for Japanese tourist accommodations for restart and recovery in the future, and in preparation for the 2021 Japan Olympics. Therefore, the current paper attempts to evaluate ryokans through descriptive statistics from a tourism accommodation survey and customer-satisfaction-related comprehensive assessment system for built environment efficiency (CASBEE) importance–performance analysis (IPA). Through three progressive studies, three findings were obtained: (1) ryokans are more flexible than hotels, have strong anti-risk capabilities, and have received more and more attention from tourists and support from the Japanese government; (2) improvement strategies for customer satisfaction after COVID-19 were provided from IPA; and (3) a dynamic evaluation model of green ryokans was discussed and may be employed in other countries and regions experiencing the same situation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regions recovery after a pandemic"
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Васильєва, Тетяна Анатоліївна, Татьяна Анатольевна Васильева, Tetiana Anatoliivna Vasylieva, Сергій Вячеславович Лєонов, Сергей Вячеславович Леонов, Serhii Viacheslavovych Lieonov, Наталія Євгенівна Летуновська, Наталия Евгеньевна Летуновская, and Nataliia Yevhenivna Letunovska. "The economic impact of covid-19: forecasting for Ukrainian regions." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80956.
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У тезах наведені економічні показники в Україні, що показують прямий вплив пандемії COVID-19 на соціально-економічне становище ряду вітчизняних галузей та регіонів. Обгрунтована доцільність використання економіко-математичних моделей для прогнозування розвитку подій під час такого роду епідемій.В тезисах приведены экономические показатели в Украине, которые показывают прямое влияние пандемии COVID-19 на социально-экономическое положение ряда отечественных отраслей и регионов. Обоснована целесообразность использования экономико-математических моделей для прогнозирования развития событий во время такого рода эпидемий.
The abstracts present economic indicators in Ukraine that show the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic situation of a number of domestic industries and regions. The expediency of using economic and mathematical models to predict the development of events during such epidemics is substantiated.
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Cumbie, Barry A. Sankar Chetan S. "The role of information technology in effective recovery and aiding sustainability of coastal regions after a disaster." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Management/Dissertation/Cumbie_Barry_28.pdf.
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Knust, Elisabeth, João Firmino, and Jean-Yves Tinevez. "Crumbs Affects Protein Dynamics In Anterior Regions Of The Developing Drosophila Embryo." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-191623.
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Maintenance of apico-basal polarity is essential for epithelial integrity and requires particular reinforcement during tissue morphogenesis, when cells are reorganised, undergo shape changes and remodel their junctions. It is well established that epithelial integrity during morphogenetic processes depends on the dynamic exchange of adherens junction components, but our knowledge on the dynamics of other proteins and their dynamics during these processes is still limited. The early Drosophila embryo is an ideal system to study membrane dynamics during morphogenesis. Here, morphogenetic activities differ along the anterior-posterior axis, with the extending germband showing a high degree of epithelial remodelling. We developed a Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) assay with a higher temporal resolution, which allowed the distinction between a fast and a slow component of recovery of membrane proteins during the germband extension stage. We show for the first time that the recovery kinetics of a general membrane marker, SpiderGFP, differs in the anterior and posterior parts of the embryo, which correlates well with the different morphogenetic activities of the respective embryonic regions. Interestingly, absence of crumbs, a polarity regulator essential for epithelial integrity in the Drosophila embryo, decreases the fast component of SpiderGFP and of the apical marker Stranded at Second-Venus specifically in the anterior region. We suggest that the defects in kinetics observed in crumbs mutant embryos are the first signs of tissue instability in this region, explaining the earlier breakdown of the head epidermis in comparison to that of the trunk, and that diffusion in the plasma membrane is affected by the absence of Crumbs.
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Knust, Elisabeth, João Firmino, and Jean-Yves Tinevez. "Crumbs Affects Protein Dynamics In Anterior Regions Of The Developing Drosophila Embryo." Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29137.
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Maintenance of apico-basal polarity is essential for epithelial integrity and requires particular reinforcement during tissue morphogenesis, when cells are reorganised, undergo shape changes and remodel their junctions. It is well established that epithelial integrity during morphogenetic processes depends on the dynamic exchange of adherens junction components, but our knowledge on the dynamics of other proteins and their dynamics during these processes is still limited. The early Drosophila embryo is an ideal system to study membrane dynamics during morphogenesis. Here, morphogenetic activities differ along the anterior-posterior axis, with the extending germband showing a high degree of epithelial remodelling. We developed a Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) assay with a higher temporal resolution, which allowed the distinction between a fast and a slow component of recovery of membrane proteins during the germband extension stage. We show for the first time that the recovery kinetics of a general membrane marker, SpiderGFP, differs in the anterior and posterior parts of the embryo, which correlates well with the different morphogenetic activities of the respective embryonic regions. Interestingly, absence of crumbs, a polarity regulator essential for epithelial integrity in the Drosophila embryo, decreases the fast component of SpiderGFP and of the apical marker Stranded at Second-Venus specifically in the anterior region. We suggest that the defects in kinetics observed in crumbs mutant embryos are the first signs of tissue instability in this region, explaining the earlier breakdown of the head epidermis in comparison to that of the trunk, and that diffusion in the plasma membrane is affected by the absence of Crumbs.
Books on the topic "Regions recovery after a pandemic"
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Gurachevskiĭ, V. L. (Valeriĭ Leonidovich), editor and Kuvshinnikov A. V. editor, eds. Chernobylʹ 20 let spusti︠a︡: Strategii︠a︡ vosstanovlenii︠a︡ i ustoĭchivogo razvitii︠a︡ postradavshikh regionov materialy mezhdunarodnoĭ konferent︠s︡ii, 19--21 apreli︠a︡ 2006 g., Minsk = 20 years after Chernobyl Strategy for recovery and sustainable Development of the Affected regions. Minsk: Belarusʹ, 2006.
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Ulimwengu, John, Mark A. Constas, and Eliane Ubalijoro, eds. Building Resilient African Food Systems after COVID-19: ReSAKSS 2021 Annual Trends and Outlook Report. AKADEMIYA2063 and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/9781737916413.
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The report assesses the impacts of COVID-19 on African economies and food systems, examines African governments' responses to the pandemic, including the expansion of social protection, discusses measurement and methodological issues related to gauging countries' vulnerability and resilience to crises, and makes recommendations to ensure the recovery and resilience of African food systems. The report also reviews progress in CAADP implementation and examines the likely impacts of COVID-19 on the CAADP Results Framework indicators.
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Goldenberg, Don. COVID's Impact on Health and Healthcare Workers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197575390.001.0001.
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The symptoms, risk factors and typical course of mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 infections are detailed, focusing on correlations with hospitalization and death. The physical and emotional toll on healthcare workers is described, as well as the innovations and sacrifices made by physicians, nurses, and hospitals during the pandemic. Present and enduring changes in primary care and mental healthcare, including increased utilization of telemedicine, are explained. The misinformation and disinformation raging during the pandemic and their adverse effect on public health and patient recovery are uncovered. There is a focus on persistent symptoms, long after the initial COVID infection, including long-COVID syndrome. The book concludes with recommendations to best move forward, addressing public health, healthcare inequities, long-term care facilities, primary care, healthcare worker well-being, and following science and truth.
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Reades, Jonathan, and Martin Crookston. Why Face-to-Face Still Matters. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.001.0001.
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Face-to-Face: The Persistent Power of Cities In a Post-Pandemic Era, is about the way that people and firms are adapting to the world of always-on and everywhere digital access, and what that means for cities and regions. Twenty years after The Death of Distance—and in the midst of a pandemic that has led some to question the future of cities—many people still think that we are on track for ‘business anywhere’. The book shows why that's not the case, and provides a structure for thinking about the next twenty years of social and economic upheaval. It shows how the changing fortunes of cities are tied to the ongoing importance of face-to-face contact to our most valuable industries, and thus why the ‘human touch’ will continue to be crucial in the cities of tomorrow. Drawing on interviews with artists and advertisers, bankers and bakers, software devs and property developers, across some forty interviews we home in on what people actually do and why. ‘Contact’, in all its forms, is shown to still matter hugely to companies and individuals, even in a world with high-quality video conferencing and free online calling. And when the pandemic hit, a further digital survey explored interviewees’ experiences of an ‘e-only’ world, gaining ‘front-line’ insights into the short- and long-terms. The book seeks to provide guidance for city leaders, businesses, policymakers and students of urban and regional planning on how to think about 21st Century urban change.
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Jiménez, Catalina, Julen Requejo, Miguel Foces, Masato Okumura, Marco Stampini, and Ana Castillo. Silver Economy: A Mapping of Actors and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003237.
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Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are termed the “silver economy,” which has the potential to be one of the drivers of post-pandemic economic recovery. Importantly, women play key roles in many areas of this market, as noted in the first report published by the IDB on this subject (Okumura et al., 2020). This report maps the actors whose products or services are intended for older people and examines silver economy trends in the region by sector: health, long-term care, finance, housing, transportation, job market, education, entertainment, and digitization. The mapping identified 245 actors whose products or services are intended for older people, and it yielded three main findings. The first is that the majority of the actors (40%) operate in the health and care sectors. The prevalence of these sectors could be due to the fact that they are made up of many small players, and it could also suggest a still limited role of older people in active consumption, investment, and the job market in the region. The second finding is that 90% of the silver economy actors identified by the study operate exclusively in their countries of origin, and that Mexico has the most actors (47), followed by the Southern Cone countriesBrazil, Chile, and Argentinawhich have the regions highest rates of population aging. The third finding is that private investment dominates the silver economy ecosystem, as nearly 3 out of every 4 actors offering services to the elderly population are for-profit enterprises. The sectors and markets of the silver economy differ in size and degree of maturity. For example, the long-term care sector, which includes residential care settings, is the oldest and has the largest number of actors, while sectors like digital, home automation, and cohousing are still emerging. Across all sectors, however, there are innovative initiatives that hold great potential for growth. This report examines the main development trends of the silver economy in the region and presents examples of initiatives that are already underway. The health sector has a wealth of initiatives designed to make managing chronic diseases easier and to prevent and reduce the impact of functional limitations through practices that encourage active aging. In the area of long term careone of the most powerful drivers of job creationinitiatives to train human resources and offer home care services are flourishing. The financial sector is beginning to meet a wide range of demands from older people by offering unique services such as remittances or property management, in addition to more traditional pensions, savings, and investment services. The housing sector is adapting rapidly to the changes resulting from population aging. This shift can be seen, for example, in developments in the area of cohousing or collaborative housing, and in the rise of smart homes, which are emerging as potential solutions. In the area of transportation, specific solutions are being developed to meet the unique mobility needs of older people, whose economic and social participation is on the rise. The job market offers older people opportunities to continue contributing to society, either by sharing their experience or by earning income. The education sector is developing solutions that promote active aging and the ongoing participation of older people in the regions economic and social life. Entertainment services for older people are expanding, with the emergence of multiple online services. Lastly, digitization is a cross-cutting and fundamental challenge for the silver economy, and various initiatives in the region that directly address this issue were identified. Additionally, in several sectors we identified actors with a clear focus on gender, and these primarily provide support to women. Of a total of 245 actors identified by the mapping exercise, we take a closer look at 11 different stories of the development of the silver economy in the region. The featured organizations are RAFAM Internacional (Argentina), TeleDx (Chile), Bonanza Asistencia (Costa Rica), NudaProp (Uruguay), Contraticos (Costa Rica), Maturi (Brazil), Someone Somewhere (Mexico), CONAPE (Dominican Republic), Fundación Saldarriaga Concha (Colombia), Plan Ibirapitá (Uruguay), and Canitas (Mexico). These organizations were chosen based on criteria such as how innovative their business models are, the current size and growth potential of their initiatives, and their impact on society. This study is a first step towards mapping the silver economy in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the hope is to broaden the scope of this mapping exercise through future research and through the creation of a community of actors to promote the regional integration of initiatives in this field.
Book chapters on the topic "Regions recovery after a pandemic"
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Sugiyanto, Catur, and Budy P. Resosudarmo. "Understanding the Determinants of Livelihood Recovery After a Large Earthquake." In Managing Fragile Regions, 105–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6436-6_6.
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Hrisanta, Mosora Mihaela, Orzan Mihai Cristian, Vălimărean Ileana, and Caescu Stefan Claudiu. "The Impact of the Early Stages of COVID Pandemic Lockdown on Romania’s Consumers’ Behavior." In Economic Recovery After COVID-19, 299–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86641-9_15.
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Gabriela, Tigu, Ciora Costin, Petcu Monica Aureliana, Boboc Dan, Crismariu Oana Diana, and Curteanu Adrian Bogdan. "Restart the Hotel, Restaurant, and Travel Industry in Romania After the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Economic Recovery After COVID-19, 87–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86641-9_5.
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Ion, Anghel, Drăgoi Mihaela Cristina, Anica-Popa Adrian, Ștefan Simona Cătălina, and Ciocodeică David-Florin. "Challenges in the Romanian Healthcare System in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Economic Recovery After COVID-19, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86641-9_1.
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Gheorghe, Hurduzeu, Lupu Radu, Cioc Mihai, and Ciora Costin. "Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Romanian Transportation and Storage Sector." In Economic Recovery After COVID-19, 235–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86641-9_12.
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Stela, Florescu Margareta, Cretu Raluca Floretina, and Trica Carmen Lenuta. "Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Water Distribution, Sanitation, Waste Management, Decontamination Activities Sector." In Economic Recovery After COVID-19, 271–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86641-9_14.
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Zhang, Junjiao, and Hanqin Qiu. "Window to the Destination: Tourists’ Local Experience via “Online Experiences” on Airbnb Amid the Pandemic." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022, 310–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94751-4_28.
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AbstractThis study aims to explore the composition of virtual guided tour experience on Airbnb and to develop a formation process of virtual guided tour experience. A case study based on the qualitative analysis was conducted with a dataset of online reviews towards an Online Experience in Beijing, China. A three-stage process of virtual guided tour experience was concluded, including experience encounter, experience evaluation, and behavioral intention. Experience encounter describes the experience composition from four dimensions: interpretation quality, host credibility, tourist-host social contact, and peer interaction; Experience evaluation is involved with benefits mainly gained from the enhanced understanding of local culture and the satisfaction attributed by the sense of telepresence; Further, behavioral intention covers both online and offline willingness to recommend or repurchase the virtual tour, or visit the destination in person after the pandemic. Theoretical and practical implications in navigating tourism recovery were discussed.
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Genty, Kabiru Ishola, Foluso I. Jayeoba, Mike O. Aremo, Tinuke M. Fapohunda, and Rafiu A. Bankole. "COVID-19." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 454–75. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2385-8.ch016.
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The onset, spread, control measures, and the behaviour of society, government, and businesses have far reaching implications—social, economic, and legal—for the immediate and future of employment relations and human resource management in Nigerian organisations. This chapter, drawing from available COVID-19 literature, ILO, and WHO protocols, examined various concerns and challenges posed by ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the regimes of measures which are modeled after developed economies of the world but are at best ad-hoc, panicky, ill-digested and their operations execution not based on empirical/objective assessment. COVID-19 has evidently brought job losses and unprecedented changes in work modes and some of the lessons and fallouts may live with us for a long time. Post-COVID-19 economic recovery though expected to be slow will leave the workplace and society with routines and rituals, lessons to learn and corrections to be made, not to avert future pandemics but to manage it in more precise manner with less panic and greater forthrightness.
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Orbik, Zbigniew, and Bogdan Pliszka. "The world after pandemic. New reality or digital Gulag?" In Sociology and Society: Traditions and Innovations in the Social Development of Regions, 1006–11. Russian Society Of Sociologists of FCTAS RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/kongress.2020.124.
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Haron, Razali, Anwar Hasan Abdullah Othman, and Sharofiddin Ashurov. "The Role of Zakat During Pandemic Crisis and Post Recovery." In Handbook of Research on Islamic Social Finance and Economic Recovery After a Global Health Crisis, 16–29. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6811-8.ch002.
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The COVID-19 pandemic suddenly claimed its existence with thousands of fatalities reported worldwide in just a few months. It has caused great concern and panic resulting to total halt in all activities, particularly the economic sector. The lockdown has caused global economic contraction which has led to forecasted economic recession for the year 2020. Islamic social financing sees this phenomenon as an increase in the numbers of the needy and something has to be done. In Islamic social financing, certain instruments have been identified as tools to mitigate the turmoil facing people who are badly affected by the pandemic. Zakat, sadaqah, qard al-hasan, and infaq can play significant roles especially in providing financial aids to the needy. Zakat in particular has the potential to ease the financial situations for its huge collection recorded. This study employed the document analysis approach to examine the possible role zakat can play during and after the turbulence caused by the pandemic. The findings from the analyses revealed that Islamic social financing via its instruments like zakat, sadaqah, infaq, and qard al-hasan are able to offer and provide financial assistance during and post crisis, in this case the COVID-19 pandemic in various sectors like the education, social, and humanitarian, as well as in the medical sector. The responsible party should continue to provide efficient and hassle free channel for zakat payers to continue paying zakat as it does help in providing sufficient funds and also eradicate poverty in a community that may be caused by any crises alike. The effective and efficient distribution programs are also equally important in ensuring the objective of zakat is achieved in helping the needy.
Conference papers on the topic "Regions recovery after a pandemic"
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Poledníková, Eva, and Jaroslav Urminský. "Opportunities and obstacles of EU cross-border cooperation: Current state and future perspectives." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-55.
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After more than 30 years of Interreg programmes implementation, citizens and local stakeholders keep facing persistent challenges on the European border land when interacting across the border. Objective of the paper is to provide an overview of opportunities and obstacles of cross-border cooperation and analyze the future perspectives and challenges of cross border regions’ development in the EU. Paper also reacts on the actual Covid-19 pandemic situation where borders in the EU are again under subject of attention. Based on the EU cross-border survey 2020, these challenges are especially of language, legal and administrative nature. To reduce undue complications in carrying out certain activities across internal EU borders, especially in the fields of services, EU regional authorities support the adoption of common mechanism and strategies as Border Focal Point or European Cross-Border Mechanism. In the next months, cross-border regions will face to challenges of economic and social recovery after the limitation of cross-border activities related to coronavirus restrictions.
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Shestakova, N. N., M. G. Djanelidze, and M. B. Skvortsova. "SILVER ECONOMY AS A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ST. PETERSBURG: PROBLEM STATEMENT." In Regional economy and territorial development. INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL ECONOMICS OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-8088-1636-7-2021-15-1-177-181.
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The article discusses the issues of launching and promoting the model of the silver economy as a response to the global trend of population aging. The economic side of the experience of states implementing this model is investigated. The role of the older population in the economic recovery after the COYID-19 pandemic is noted. The urgency of promoting the model of the silver economy for St. Petersburg as a city, which has more than a quarter of the population of older age groups in its current and future structure, is substantiated.
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Zhuang, XinYu. "Financial Modeling Analysis of the Impact of Consumer Coupons on Economic Recovery after the Pandemic." In 2020 Management Science Informatization and Economic Innovation Development Conference (MSIEID). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msieid52046.2020.00119.
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Giuffrida, Paolo, Iain Ewing, Eleanor Wood, Nora Thoua, Henning Spranger, Jun Liong Chin, Esra Asilmaz, Ray Shidrawi, and Laura Marelli. "PTH-49 Successful endoscopy recovery strategy after the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic." In Abstracts of the BSG Annual Meeting, 8–12 November 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-bsg.364.
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Carević, Melita. "THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18357.
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This paper aims to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the implementation of the European Green Deal and to which extent have the European Union’s green growth and sustainable development goals been incorporated into its COVID-19 Recovery Strategy. The European Union’s Green Deal, a ‘generation defining’ growth strategy, which lays down the strategic pathway of the European Union’s economic development for the upcoming two decades, has been faced with a major challenge shortly after its adoption in December 2019. However, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, which has continuously been putting all European Union member states to a harsh challenge during the past year, climate change and the green transition have been at the top of the political agenda in the European Union and have managed to occupy the attention of the mainstream politics and European Union citizens. Furthermore, the unprecedented levels of public financing which have been mobilised due to the pandemic have provided an opportunity for speeding up the green transition, without which the achievement of the Green Deal’s main aims and the fulfilment of the European Union’s obligations under the Paris Agreement would likely be put in question. In order to analyse how the has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the implementation of the Green Deal, the paper first examines how the member states and the European Union institutions initially reacted to the idea of pursuing the implementation of the Green Deal simultaneously with economic recovery. This is accomplished through an analysis of statements given by the European Union and member state officials and the adopted measures and legislative proposals. The paper then focuses on publicly available data on legislative delays in regard to the implementation of the Green Deal which took place due to the pandemic and concludes that no significant postponements occurred. It subsequently turns to examine which measures have been adopted at the European Union level that link the economic recovery and the green transition. In this regard, special attention is paid to the Recovery and Resilience Facility and its measures aimed at ensuring that member states pursue climate change and environmental objectives in their recovery plans. Given the size of the public investments which will take place in the following years, the paper emphasises the importance of stringent environmental standards in order to ensure that they contribute to the green transition and avoid a fossil fuel lock-in.
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Lukić Radović, Maja, and Marija Vlajković. "HOW FIRM ARE THE BONDS THAT TIE THE EU TOGETHER? EU RULE OF LAW CONDITIONALITY MECHANISM AND THE NEXT GENERATION EU RECOVERY FUND." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18299.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has generated a one-in-a-generation challenge upon the EU, consisting of immediate danger for life and health, savings and jobs of its citizens, as well as for the stability and proper functioning of political and legal systems of its Member States. The manner in which the EU as a whole reacted to such sudden and grave challenge is by no means indicative of its political and legal-constitutional substance, and, consequently, of its capacity to subsist in its present form or to develop further. The centrepiece of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) is the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which should help Member States address the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The establishment of the pandemic recovery fund may be regarded not only as an ad hoc measure, but also as a crucial milestone in the path to overcoming the disbalance between Union solidarity and national interests. However, the whole EU budget deal depended on the acceptance of the Rule of Law Mechanism by all Member States. In the first part, this paper will analyse the COVID-19 recovery fund compromise solution as it has been finally agreed. Firstly, we will try to determine the effectiveness of the conditionality mechanism, in the light of European Council Conclusions on the “interpretative declaration on the new Rule of Law Mechanism” and its legal effects. Secondly, we will tackle the issue of the enforcement of the Rule of Law protection mechanism, having in mind the causal link that should be detected, between the protection of the financial interests of the EU, with the non-respect of the EU values enshrined in the Article 2 TEU, by particular Member State(s). Consequently, we will try to envisage the impact of the implementation of this conditionality mechanism, taking into consideration which Member States, and EU citizens, would be “hit” hardest by it. In the second part of the paper an attempt shall be made to perceive the conditionality mechanism, tied to the recovery fund, from the perspective of the principle of solidarity. Ultimately, this paper will try to answer the following question: in view of the necessary shift of priorities and the need for urgent reaction to the COVID-19 crisis, is the common European answer, in view of the core values of the EU and the principle of solidarity, optimal, and above all, will it be effective?
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives, and Ivan Zeko-Pivač. "TRIGGERING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EU’S AND UN'S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND BEYOND." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18300.
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The large-scale COVID-19 pandemic is a severe public health emergency which poses distressing social and economic challenges to the international community as a whole. In order to provide immediate and effective support to affected welfare and healthcare systems as well as to build their lasting, inclusive and sustainable recovery, both the European Union and the United Nations have introduced a number of urgent measures aiming to help and protect citizens and economies. This paper looks into the specificities of urgent procedures launched and carried out by the two most influential international organisations with a view to rapidly respond to the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. More specifically, it focuses on the involved institutions and steps of urgent procedures as well as on their most remarkable outcomes. In the case of the European Union, the emphasis is put primarily on two Coronavirus Response Investment Initiatives (CRIIs), adopted during the Croatian Presidency of the Council in one of the fastest legal procedures in the history of the European Union, and the Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe (REACT-EU) as an extension of the CRIIs’ crisis repair measures. The overarching United Nations’ response is assessed through an analysis of its urgent policy agenda developed on the premise that the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health and socio-economic emergency but also a global humanitarian, security and human rights crisis. This particularly includes procedures foreseen by the Global Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP) and the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). In addition, the aim of the paper is to provide a critical overview of the subject by highlighting three pivotal elements. First, the paper sheds light on the financial aspects of the urgent fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, necessary for turning words into action. Notably, this refers to funds secured by the Multiannual Financial Frameworks 2014-2020 and 2021-2027, and the Next Generation EU recovery instrument, on the one hand, and the UN COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the Solidarity Response Fund, on the other hand. Second, it offers a comparative evaluation of the end results of the European and global emergency procedures in mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it summarises the underlying elements of measures governing the aftermath of the ongoing crisis, i.e. those promoting a human-centred, green, sustainable, inclusive and digital approach to future life.
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de Fátima Silva Piedade, Lúcia, Mariana Inácio Marques, and João Caldeira Heitor. "The Contribution of Social Media on the Post-pandemic Recovery of Aviation and Tourism." In Challenges in Economics and Business in the Post-COVID Times. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2022.9.
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After almost two years of the global pandemic, it is time to understand how the aviation and tourism sectors are recovering. The context of this post-pandemic period could result in being one of the most complex scenarios in terms of attracting customers, hence it is a huge challenge. Therefore, the authors of this paper seek to discover whether the internet can help business to return to normal, and, if so, how social media can have an influence. The aim of this paper is thus to study whether – and if so, how – airlines are using social media to engage with customers to promote tourism. The methodologies used are a content analysis of Facebook and Instagram over a period of six months together with analyses of the posts. Only airlines that engaged with these two types of social media were considered in the study. Additionally, the authors analysed the monthly traffic reports during the same period to check the eventual influence of social media. In addition, the authors made a comparison between the post results and the air traffic evolution in order to understand whether there are any relationships between them.
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Pesotskiy, A. A. "Resilience to economic shock at the regional level in a Сovid-19 pandemic." In Problems of transformation and regulation of regional socio- economic systems. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-8088-1635-0-2021-49-96-113.
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The article contains the author's definition of economic shock, which is relevant in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, the classification features of economic shock are given, it is separated from other destructive influences. Countering shocks at the regional level is determined by resilience, the study contains an analysis of the main approaches to this term in foreign and Russian scientific literature. The article presents the assessment of resilience of Russian regions to economic shocks caused by the coronavirus pandemic, calculating such parameters as retrospective damage, current short-term damage, current long-term damage, recovery time for each of the Russian regions. The study includes a rating of RF subjects and federal districts affected by the economic shock caused by the beginning of the pandemic coronavirus, made on the basis of the dynamics of the calculation of the index of industrial production.
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Urbaníková, Marta, and Michaela Štubňová. "Impact of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic on tourism facilities in the regions of Slovakia in 2020." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-27.
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Tourism is an inter-ministerial sector, significantly affecting the employment and development of regions. The paper aims to determine the impact of the epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 on the development of tourism in the regions of Slovakia based on the use of quantitative methods. Extensive travel restrictions caused a record drop in accommodation visit rate in 2020. The number of foreign visitors decreased by two-thirds year-on-year to the level of 1998. The visit rate in the Slovak Republic was mainly by domestic visitors. Despite the pandemic, in the third quarter of 2020, they exceeded last year's record numbers from the summer season. After considering the visit rate of domestic and foreign visitors, the number of visitors decreased the least year-on-year in the Žilina Region. The most significant year-on-year decrease in visitors was recorded in the Bratislava Region, where business clients were significantly absent. Gross sales decreased by almost half compared to the previous year. The highest gross sales were achieved by accommodation establishments in the Žilina Region. The number of overnight stays decreased year-on-year in all regions. However, the length of stays was significantly extended in the fourth quarter of 2020, thanks to the visit rate in spa towns.
Reports on the topic "Regions recovery after a pandemic"
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Hernández, Beatriz. Modernising the EU-Chile Association Agreement: strengthening an alliance for social inclusion and environmental sustainability. Fundación Carolina, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff05en.
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This research paper analyzes the results of the Association Agreement (AA) between the European Union and Chile, which entered into force in 2003, up to the present time when its modernization is being negotiated. After 19 years of the agreement, the international context has changed both in its political and economic dimensions, so it is important to analyze what role these agreements can have in the face of the challenges of the post-pandemic recovery and the objectives of both regions in terms of strategic autonomy, in the geopolitical field, and in the transition towards new development models that respond to shared challenges such as climate change, ecological transition, digitalization, social inclusion or the revitalization of multilateralism.
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Stampini, Marco, Pablo Ibarrarán, Carolina Rivas, and Marcos Robles. Adaptive, but not by design: cash transfers in Latin America and the Caribbean before, during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003795.
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The socioeconomic crisis associated with the pandemic put cash transfer programs back at the top of the policy agenda. It showed that the Latin American and Caribbean regions income support systems were both fundamental and insufficient. In this paper, we present novel estimates of the coverage and beneficiary distribution of all non-contributory cash transfers both before and during the COVID-19 crisis. The former is useful to show the degree of preparedness of the region. The latter analyzes the magnitude of the policy response. While the literature presents estimates of coverage and leakage of conditional cash transfers and non-contributory pensions, our results are novel because they are the first to analyze coverage and leakage implemented in response to the COVID-19 crisis. In addition, we are the first to expand the focus to all non-contributory cash transfer programs, including those that are quasi-universal and/or unconditional. This is the most appropriate focus when the goal is to assess the ability to provide protection to larger population groups (including the vulnerable) and against transitory poverty caused by systemic shocks (such as pandemic or extreme weather events, which may become more and more frequent due to climate change). Using data from the Inter-American Development Bank “Harmonized Household Surveys from Latin America and the Caribbean”, which now provide a more comprehensive coverage of Caribbean countries, we show that before the pandemic non-contributory cash transfers covered 26% of the population of 17 countries with available data. Average coverage of the extreme poor, moderate poor and vulnerable population was 56%, 43% and 28% respectively. During the crisis, LAC governments implemented 111 new cash transfer interventions, increasing coverage to 34% of the population in 12 countries with available data. Average coverage increased among the moderate poor (50%) and vulnerable population (37%), while it remained unvaried amongst the extreme poor. Moving forward, the countries of the region are called to reform their social protection systems to make them more flexible, efficient, and sustainable, and including strategies that provide protection against shocks. In this way, resilient and responsive social protection systems can contribute to the fight against climate change and support a just transition towards net-zero emission societies. These efforts must also include measures to close the historical coverage gap amongst the poorest.
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Boniface, Gideon, and Christopher Magomba. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.038.
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Since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, the pandemic has brought both social and economic impacts to global communities, although to varying degrees. Since the onset of the pandemic, different regions have responded in various ways by taking different measures to fight the pandemic and its effects. In Tanzania, the first case was recorded on 16 March 2020 and, to contain the spread of the virus, on 17 March 2020, the Prime Minister announced measures including the closure of all education institutions, the suspension of public gatherings and international passenger flights, and mandatory quarantine for individuals entering Tanzania. However, in June 2020, the government announced the easing of the restrictions after observing a significant decrease in the COVID-19 infection rate and, despite a subsequent ‘second wave’ of the virus, the government declined to re-institute movement restrictions. This decision led to the implementation of non-tariff trade barriers which were imposed on cargo carrying grain and other exports to neighbouring countries, especially Kenya. The situation became so bad that diplomatic intervention had to be sought. In order to understand the resulting socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in Tanzania, data were collected in three waves during mid-July2020, October 2020 and February 2021. This paper presents a synthesis of the results of these three survey rounds.
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Caetano, Gerardo. Analysis and foresight of the European Union - Mercosur Association Agreement. Fundación Carolina, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff04en.
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After a negotiation that has been ongoing for more than two decades, the “agreement in principle” between the European Union and Mercosur regarding the trade pillar, announced in June 2019, has not been confirmed. Moreover, in the current context, the perspectives that are outlined in both blocks are not auspicious, for various reasons that are analyzed. In this context, the text will analyzes the following points: i) in the absence of a specific Treaty in progress of application, it informs about the negotiations of the trade pillar, its current status, the contents of the principle of agreement signed in 2019, the possibilities of closure and ratification by the two parties and the main expected impacts; ii) the potential implications of this agreement for both the European Union and Mercosur, in particular with regard to its foreseeable consequences for the strategic autonomy of both regions and for the strengthening of multilateralism at present; and iii) the expected impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the eventual contribution of this Association Agreement in the new scenarios. The text closes with a brief overview.
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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi, and Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.
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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.
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Barrientos González, Cristian. Impacto de la Ley 20.780 impositiva de la reforma tributaria, implementada en Chile en 20214. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/988820217.
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In the company that is just beginning its operations, the tax regime is one of the determining economic aspects when starting a project, it determines the conditions of each industry and the economy of each country. In Chile, Tax modifications are not common, they represent important milestones that mark a before and after in the country's economic development, either by the way it affects each institution, or by how the Chilean economic market is perceived and by Foreign investment. The main objective of this study is to measure the quantitative and qualitative impact of the new tax law of the Tax Reform Law 20,780, implemented in Chile in 2014. Affecting the growth of the Gross Domestic Product of Chile and the yields in the index of Selective prices of the Shares, as well as affecting some sectors of the industry and consequently generating a lower tax collection during the implementation of the aforementioned reform, being useful and important information to consider in the development and implementation of future projects related to the issue of tax policies in the country. Despite the above, the tax discussion is going to be an issue that will be discussed again, considering the effects of the pandemic by covid-19 that has affected the whole world and especially Chile, with the tax issue being a foundation pillar at the time of economic recovery in our country.
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Can the Blue Economy Spark a Sustainable and Inclusive Recovery in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002812.
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The illustration captures the key messages from the webinar hosted by the IDB on August 12, 2020, on how the Blue Economy can help to spark a sustainable and inclusive recovery in the Caribbean after the COVID-19 pandemic. The conversations focused on unlocking the potential of oceans for creating prosperity in the region while recognizing their immense role in regulating our climate, providing food and social and cultural identify.
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Monetary Policy Report - October 2021. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr4-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Macroeconomic summary Economic activity has recovered faster than projected, and output is now expected to return to pre-pandemic levels earlier than anticipated. Economic growth projections for 2021 and 2022 have been revised upward, though significant downward bias remains. (Graph 1.1). Colombia’s economy returned to recovery in the third quarter after significant supply shocks and a third wave of COVID-19 in the second. Negative shocks affecting mobility and output were absent in the third quarter, and some indicators of economic activity suggest that the rate of recovery in demand, primarily in consumption, outpaced estimates from the July Monetary Policy Report (MPR) in the context of widely expansive monetary policy. Several factors are expected to continue to contribute to output recovery for the rest of the year and into 2022, including the persistence of favorable international financial conditions, an expected improvement in external demand, and an increase in terms of trade. Increasing vaccination rates, the expectation of higher levels of employment and the consequent effect on household income, improved investment performance (which has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels), and the expected stimulus from monetary policy that would continue to be expansive should also drive economic activity. As a result, output is estimated to have returned to its pre-pandemic level in the third quarter (previously expected in the fourth quarter). Growth is expected to decelerate in 2022, with excess productive capacity projected to close faster than anticipated in the previous report. Given the above, GDP growth projections have been revised upward for 2021 (9.8%, range between 8.4% and 11.2%) and 2022 (4.7%, range between 0.7% and 6.5%). If these estimates are confirmed, output would have grown by 2.3% on average between 2020 and 2022. This figure would be below long-term sustainable growth levels projected prior to the pandemic. The revised growth forecast for 2022 continues to account for a low basis of comparison from this year (reflecting the negative effects of COVID-19 and roadblocks in some parts of the country), and now supposes that estimated consumption levels for the end of 2021 will remain relatively stable in 2022. Investment and net exports are expected to recover at a faster pace than estimated in the previous report. Nevertheless, the downward risks to these estimates remain unusually significant, for several reasons. First, they do not suppose significant negative effects on the economy from possible new waves of COVID-19. Second, because private consumption, which has already surpassed pre-pandemic levels by a large margin, could perform less favorably than estimated in this forecast should it reflect a temporary phenomenon related to suppressed demand as service sectors re-open (e.g. tourism) and private savings accumulated during the pandemic are spent. Third, disruptions to supply chains could be more persistent than contemplated in this report and could continue to affect production costs, with a negative impact on the economy. Finally, the accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances could translate to increased vulnerability to changes in international financial conditions or in international and domestic economic agents’ perception of risk in the Colombian economy, representing a downward risk to growth. A higher-than-expected increase in inflation, the persistence of supply shocks, and reduced excess productive capacity have led to an increase in inflation projections above the target on the forecast horizon (Graph 1.2). Inflation increased above expectations to 4.51% in the third quarter, due in large part to the price behavior of foods and regulated items, and to a lesser extent to core inflation. Increased international prices and costs continue to generate upward pressure on various sub-baskets of the consumer price index (CPI), as has the partial reversion of some price relief measures implemented in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.