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1
Zhang, Dongyong, Mengge Hao, and Stephen Morse. "Is Environmental Sustainability Taking a Backseat in China after COVID-19? The Perspective of Business Managers." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 10369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410369.
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China’s quick economic recovery from COVID-19 has presented a narrow but vast opportunity to build an economy that is cleaner, fairer, and safer. Will China grab this opportunity? The answer rests with both business managers and the government. Based on a questionnaire survey of 1160 owners and managers of companies headquartered in 32 regions of China and covering 30 industries, this paper explores how COVID-19 has impacted Chinese business, especially with regard to the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, and environmental). The results suggest that Chinese companies’ sustainability priorities have been shifted towards the social dimension both during COVID-19 and into the post-pandemic phase, regardless of the type of ownership, company size, or market focus (domestic, overseas, or mixture of the two). However, all types of company prioritize the need for economic sustainability in the post-pandemic phase and in relative terms the importance of the environmental dimension has been diminished. Hence the potential for a post-pandemic environmental rebound effect in China is clear. But it does not have to be the case if Chinese businesses and the government take actions to change its recovery plans to embrace the environmental dimension of sustainability. The paper puts forward some suggestions and recommendations for businesses and the government.
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Akhunov, Rustem R., Liaisan R. Akhunova, Sergey G. Marichev, and Rishat I. Nizamutdinov. "Russian oil and gas regions during the COVID-19 crisis and their digital transformation." R-Economy 7, no. 3 (2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2021.7.3.016.
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Relevance. One of the key long-term strategic goals of Russia's economic development is to increase the share of the digital and green economy in the gross product of the country and its regions. The recession caused by the pandemic has brought to the forefront the challenges of digitalization in the country's oil and gas sector, which was among the hardest hit sectors, and thus required significant effort on the part of regional governments. Research objective. This research aims to demonstrate the key role played by digitalization and environmentalization in the recovery of the Russian oil and gas regions from the pandemic. Data and methods. The study provides an overview of the Russian and international research literature on the ways to foster economic recovery and growth after the COVID-19 pandemic, including the publications of the United Nations and the World Economic Forum. Methodologically, the study relies on the empirical, general scientific methods and methods of economic statistics. We used in our calculations the data from the open-access statistical yearbook 'Russian Regions' published by Rosstat. Results The study analyzed the challenges of digitalization faced by Russian oil and gas regions to show the need for institutional transformations on the national level. We also formulated some recommendations for the improvement of the evaluation of regional governments' digitalization efforts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the more general evaluation of the digital transformation of regional economies. Conclusions To stimulate economic growth of Russian oil and gas regions recovering from the pandemic, a viable strategy would be to place a greater emphasis on their sustainable and digital development. In the international rankings such as the EDGI Ranking presented annually by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), Russia occupies a high position in terms of e-government services and digitalization in other spheres. Nevertheless, as far as the Russian oil and gas regions are concerned, there are considerable disparities in terms of digitalization. To accelerate digital transformation, we would highly recommend to improve the methods of evaluation of the digital progress in regional government, especially to include a set of indicators characterising regional governments' responses to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Mariet, Anne-Sophie, Maurice Giroud, Eric Benzenine, Jonathan Cottenet, Adrien Roussot, Ludwig Serge Aho-Glélé, Pascale Tubert-Bitter, Yannick Béjot, and Catherine Quantin. "Hospitalizations for Stroke in France During the COVID-19 Pandemic Before, During, and After the National Lockdown." Stroke 52, no. 4 (April 2021): 1362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.032312.
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Background and Purpose: In France, the entire population was put under a total lockdown from March 17 to May 11, 2020 during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Whether the lockdown had consequences on the management of medical emergencies such as stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) has yet to be fully evaluated. This article describes hospitalization rates for acute stroke in 2 French regions that experienced contrasting rates of COVID-19 infection, before, during, and after the nationwide lockdown (January to June 2020). Methods: All patients admitted for acute stroke/TIA into all public and private hospitals of the 2 study regions were included. Data were retrieved from the National Hospitalization Database (PMSI). In the most affected region (Grand-Est), the hospitalization rates observed in April 2020 were compared with the rates in the same period in the least affected region (Occitanie) and in the 3 prior years (2017–2019). Results: There was a significant decline in hospitalization rates for stroke/TIA within the region most affected by COVID-19 during the month of April 2020 compared with previous years, while no significant change was seen in the least affected region. After lockdown, we observed a fast rebound in the rate of hospitalization for stroke/TIA in the most affected region, contrasting with a slower rebound in the least affected region. In both regions, patients with COVID-19 stroke more frequently had ischemic stroke, a nonsignificant greater prevalence of diabetes, they were less frequently admitted to stroke units, and mortality was higher than in patients without COVID-19. Conclusions: Our results demonstrates a significant drop in stroke/TIA hospitalizations and a fast recovery after the end of the French lockdown in the most affected region, while the least affected region saw a nonsignificant drop in stroke/TIA hospitalizations and a slow recovery. These results and recommendations could be used by the health authorities to prepare for future challenges.
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Nemova, Lyudmila. "Canada’s Economy in 2021: Exiting the “Pandemic” Recession." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 3 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760017035-5.
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The article analyses the dynamics of the Canadian economy in 2020-2021, during the unprecedented global “pandemic” recession. It is shown that like in many other countries, the economic ups and downs in Canada closely followed the waves of the COVID-19 infection spreading across the regions and the subsequent rounds of regulatory restrictions on “high-contact” economic activities, citizens’ travel inside and outside the country, international trade, and etc. In the latter half of the 2020 several goods-producing industries showed signs of recovery which continued through the following year. However, it was only mass vaccination of Canadians in all provinces and territories that created conditions for sustained re-opening of businesses in most sectors of the national economy by the end 2021. The author looks at the internal and external drivers of recovery and continued growth. It is shown that on the whole the federal emergency plan proved to be successful in providing income support for Canadians and preventing bankruptcies among small and medium-sized businesses. The 2021 Federal Budget includes more than $100 billion in new spending over three years. It is expected that massive fiscal stimulus coupled with pent-up demand will sustain strong consumer spending after the speedy vaccine rollout allows businesses to fully reopen. At the same time, non-residential capital expenditures by private sector companies will increase only moderately in most sectors after a sizable decline in 2020. This year Canada’s resource-based industries are benefiting from the growing global demand for oil and gas, base metals, forest and agricultural products. The concluding part of the article analyses the major risks which can slow the economic recovery: the global supply-chain bottlenecks, labour market imbalances, growing inflation pressures, and massive federal budget deficit.
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Smirnov, Sergei. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Russian consumer market: statistical analysis." Social novelties and Social sciences, no. 2 (2020): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/snsn/2020.02.09.
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Thequarantine measures introduced in Russia and its regions in the first half of 2020 caused negative consequences for the economy as a whole and its various sectors in particular. One of the most affected was the consumer market. The article provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of quarantine measures on individual components of the consumer market sector, analyzes the pace of its recovery in May-July 2020 after gradual easing of quarantine measures. It is arguedthat the further development of the situation is difficult to predict due to the uncertainty of the situation with the dynamics of the pandemia.
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Fang, Da, and Xiaoke Zhang. "The Protective Effect of Digital Financial Inclusion on Agricultural Supply Chain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from China." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 7 (November 21, 2021): 3202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070174.
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Financial inclusion plays a positive role in protecting agriculture during or after disaster. This paper focuses on the protective effect of digital financial inclusion on the agricultural supply chain and analyzes three mechanisms of the protective effect: financial widening, financial deepening, and financial services digitization. Based on the Gravity Equation, we conduct an empirical study using agricultural logistics and digital financial inclusion data from China. The regression results indicate that a 1% increase in the digital financial inclusion, measured by the Peking University Digital Inclusion Index, increases agricultural trade during the COVID-19 pandemic by approximately 1.6%. Furthermore, heterogeneous protective effects exist between regions in China. Digital financial inclusion is more effective in the Eastern regions in protecting the ASC than in other regions. This paper enriches the understanding of financial inclusion in helping agriculture supply chain recovery.
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Lepore, Dominique, Alessandra Micozzi, and Francesca Spigarelli. "Industry 4.0 Accelerating Sustainable Manufacturing in the COVID-19 Era: Assessing the Readiness and Responsiveness of Italian Regions." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052670.
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An unpredictable shock hit the Italian economy in February 2020 when the spread of the COVID-19 virus began in Italy and other countries worldwide. In this context, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies can be a fundamental tool for economic recovery by favouring the shift towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the readiness of countries for I4.0 in order to guide policies in defining incentives to promote I4.0 and unlock its potential in the pandemic era. In this context, the paper aims to understand the readiness and responsiveness of the Italian Regions with respect to I4.0 concepts prior to the pandemic and identify best practices that are supporting companies in I4.0 adoption, with a focus on those incentivizing sustainable practices. An assessment framework before the pandemic is provided based on two dimensions: the readiness of firms to invest in I4.0 and favourable structural conditions. The assessment shows a group of alert regions as opposed to a group of unprepared, mostly linked Northern and Southern differences. Assuming that the “alert regions” are more likely to effectively manage and overcome the post- COVID-19 crisis, we provide a picture of how the Italian Regions have sought to encourage the adoption of digital technologies to improve resilience after the shock. The analysis shows that supporting measures mainly address Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Furthermore, the tenders encouraging the adoption of I4.0 suggest that collaboration among stakeholders will become imperative.
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Makarov, M. Yu. "Prospects for the Post-Crisis Economic Recovery of St. Petersburg with Allowance for the Digitalization Factor." Economics and Management 27, no. 9 (October 21, 2021): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2021-9-717-724.
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Aim. The presented study aims to determine the prospects for the economic recovery of St. Petersburg after the recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with allowance for the digitalization factor and to evaluate directions for its development.Tasks. The authors theoretically analyze the impact of crisis factors on the economy of St. Petersburg and assess the prospects for its recovery with allowance for the digitalization factor; identify the factors of the economic crisis in Russia and St. Petersburg under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic; describe the potential advantages of using digitalization tools to restore the economy of Russia and St. Petersburg.Methods. This study uses an integrated approach based on the economic-statistical and general scientific methods, methods of analogy, comparative analysis and systematization, as well as mathematical analysis and online survey.Results. Theoretical analysis of scientific literature makes it possible to assess the impact of crisis factors on the economy of St. Petersburg and prospects for its recovery in the context of digitalization. Factors of the economic crisis in Russia and St. Petersburg that has developed under the influence of the pandemic are identified, and the potential advantages of digitalization in the economic recovery of Russia and St. Petersburg are examined.Conclusions. It is determined that St. Petersburg has potential advantages in digitalization and the pace of introduction of digital technologies for economic recovery compared with other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. These advantages include the widespread use of broadband Internet by households, digital sales, intensive use of digital technologies in the business sector, advanced telecommunications infrastructure, etc. Some of the largest companies in St. Petersburg are successfully implementing a digital transformation strategy. Analysis shows the potential advantages and directions for the development of digitalization in the economic recovery of Russia and some of its regions, including St. Petersburg.
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Goschin, Zizi, Mihai Antonia, and Horia Tigau. "Entrepreneurship Recovery in Romania after the Great Recession. A Dynamic Spatial Panel Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910702.
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Entrepreneurship plays a key role in transforming the economy and society by stimulating economic development, testing innovative ideas, creating new jobs, and by enriching the quality of life and human existence. Entrepreneurship dynamics depend upon a series of local and national economic factors, but are also affected by the international environment, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical data show that new businesses are created at a slower rate during an economic crisis, when the economic climate is harsh, and business opportunities are scarce. Nevertheless, there are local differences in the reaction to crises, and new business formation tends to decline with variable intensity from one region to another, even in the same country. The crises are acting as a trigger for some opportunity-driven entrepreneurs, and resilient regions can thrive even in times of crisis or recover faster after a depression. To capture spatial interactions, as well as spatial short- and long-term effects, the method employed in our analysis relies on the estimation of dynamic spatial panel models. We tested the potential impact of a large variety of social and economic indicators on the creation of new firms and found that the most consequential factors of influence are the economic crisis (expressed through a binary variable), GDP per capita, FDI per capita, inflation, unemployment, and education. Our results convey a powerful policy message for both national and regional decision makers. We believe that, while putting entrepreneurial initiative to the test, the current COVID-19 crisis might act as a catalyst that leads to innovation and reshapes the economy and society.
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Cai, Gangwei, Yan Hong, Lei Xu, Weijun Gao, Ka Wang, and Xiaoting Chi. "An Evaluation of Green Ryokans through a Tourism Accommodation Survey and Customer-Satisfaction-Related CASBEE–IPA after COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010145.
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Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it became significant to study how to improve the customer satisfaction for Japanese tourist accommodations for restart and recovery in the future, and in preparation for the 2021 Japan Olympics. Therefore, the current paper attempts to evaluate ryokans through descriptive statistics from a tourism accommodation survey and customer-satisfaction-related comprehensive assessment system for built environment efficiency (CASBEE) importance–performance analysis (IPA). Through three progressive studies, three findings were obtained: (1) ryokans are more flexible than hotels, have strong anti-risk capabilities, and have received more and more attention from tourists and support from the Japanese government; (2) improvement strategies for customer satisfaction after COVID-19 were provided from IPA; and (3) a dynamic evaluation model of green ryokans was discussed and may be employed in other countries and regions experiencing the same situation.
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Valkenburg, Sophie A., Karen Laurie, Anne Kelso, Stephen J. Turner, Peter C. Doherty, and Katherine Kedzierska. "T-cell immunity against the A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic virus." Microbiology Australia 32, no. 1 (2011): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma11022.
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The sudden emergence of the novel reassortant A(H1N1) 2009 influenza virus led to rapid global spread, due to minimal pre-existing antibody levels in those born after 1950. Memory T cells specific for more conserved viral peptides elicit broad immunity and can promote more rapid recovery. However, mutations within T-cell immunogenic peptides occur, although less commonly than at antibody-binding sites. Comparison of human T-cell peptides between the pandemic H1N1 2009 and seasonal strains showed 50?70% conservation, depending on the particular virus protein and influenza strains. Experimental analysis demonstrated cross-recognition of some T-cell epitopes (for example, HLA-A2+M158-66), although there was also evidence of immune escape by other immunodominant peptides (for example, NP418-426 presented by the HLA-B7 family). Non-conserved T-cell regions of A(H1N1) 2009 highly resembled those derived from H1N1-1918 rather than recent seasonal viruses, reflecting protein conservation (in the parent swine virus) from influenza strains circulating early in the 20th century. As a consequence, individuals with HLA types presenting variable T-cell peptides had diminished pre-existing T-cell memory towards the A(H1N1) 2009 virus.
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Yang, Lijiao, Caiyun Wei, Xinyu Jiang, Qian Ye, and Hirokazu Tatano. "Estimating the Economic Effects of the Early Covid-19 Emergency Response in Cities Using Intracity Travel Intensity Data." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 13, no. 1 (February 2022): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-022-00393-7.
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AbstractIn the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, China implemented the most stringent and serious emergency response. To understand the effect of such an emergency response strategy on the economic system, this study proposed a simultaneous overall estimation method using intracity travel intensity data. The overall effect is represented by the difference between intracity travel intensity with and without the emergency response. Using historical data and time series analysis, we compared intracity travel intensity post China’s implementation of the emergency response with predicted intracity travel intensity without such a response. The loss rates, defined by the proportion of intracity travel intensity loss, were calculated for 360 cities within 33 provincial-level regions in China based on data availability. We found that 30 days after the emergency response, 21% of the cities saw over 80% recovery and 10% of the cities showed more than 90% recovery; 45 days after the emergency response, more than 83% of the 360 cities witnessed 80% recovery. The correlation between gross domestic production loss rate and travel intensity loss rate was studied quantitatively to demonstrate the representativeness of the intracity travel intensity loss rate. This indicator was also used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of the effects on the economy. The results of this study can help us understand the economic effects caused by the early Covid-19 emergency response and the method can be a reference for fast and real-time economic loss estimation to support emergency response decision making under pandemic conditions.
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Lacalle, Daniel. "Monetary and Fiscal Policies in the COVID-19 Crisis. Will They Work?" Journal of Business Accounting and Finance Perspectives 2, no. 3 (June 20, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/jbafp2030018.
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The spread and mortality rate of the COVID-19 virus has created enormous strains on global healthcare systems and driven governments to take extreme measures to contain the virus, including the lock down of most citizens and shutting down most economic sectors. Due to these unique challenges and coming from an economy that was weak already in 2018 and 2019, the world faces a global crisis of unprecedented impact and high uncertainty about the recovery process. In this paper, we analyze how the world economy is addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. We start with the situation of the main economic regions at the end of last year to understand the tools available to fight against what could be the worst crisis since World War II, according to the IMF1. Moreover, we review the estimated economic impact of COVID-19, as well as the expected recovery and its time frame. Additionally, we reflect on the fiscal and monetary measures adopted by different countries, especially G7 economies, to tackle the crisis. Finally, we discuss the optimal policies to overcome the situation and advance towards economic recovery and the stabilization of public finances. This crisis is a supply shock added to a forced shutdown of the economy. As such, traditional tools to boost credit demand and usual demand-side policies alone are likely to generate little positive effect, as any aggregate demand that may be incentivized will not likely be followed by aggregate supply. A combination of demand-side and supply-side measures may prove to be more effective to boost the recovery after the pandemic.
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Pronin, M. A., and V. V. Ananishnev. "IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF CITIZENS THROUGH THE PRISM OF LINGUISTIC PSYCHOLOGY." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1753–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1753-1768.
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The coronavirus pandemic, which has become a challenge not only for doctors, but also for psychologists around the world, will have a long-term psychological effect for Russians. At the same time, a way out of the crisis can, on the contrary, make people stronger and speed up the economic recovery, as it was after the plague and the Spanish flu, experts say. According to historical data on the consequences of plague and Spanish flu epidemics in Europe and the United States, given in a report by Dmitry Ushakov, Director of the Institute of psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it often turned out that people who survived them lived longer, and the most affected regions showed higher recovery rates. Experts note the growing demand for psychological assistance among people who have witnessed a global pandemic. Problems related to the consequences of stress that people faced in self-isolation have become more acute. These are also problems related to the violation of the traditional way of life, being isolated, in General, there is a certain aggression around the world, an increase in domestic violence, and many other issues. Psychologists found themselves in the situation of an included experiment. Despite the absence of a “mental epidemic”, citizens of various countries, experiencing fear and confusion, turned to its Internet to get the necessary information about the pandemic in order to eliminate fears for their health and the health of their relatives, including mental health. Its Internet today contains a lot of chats (correspondence) both in the professional language among medical personnel, as well as non-specialists. Thus, the pandemic has started to have an impact not only on health but also on the language itself. Some of the opportunities that can give science and society to learn the language of the pandemic are discussed in this article.
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Illiashenko, Sergii, Yulia Shypulina, and Nataliia Illiashenko. "Application of marketing methods and tools for the development of domestic tourism in a pandemic COVID-19." Marketing and Digital Technologies 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/mdt.5.2.2021.2.
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The aim of the article is development of an approach to the formation on the basis of marketing of the tourist image and brand of the region for the development of domestic tourism in the period and after the pandemic COVID-19 with the prospect of further entry into the international market of tourist services. Analyses. The global pandemic COVID-19 has negatively affected the entire world economy. The tourism sector has suffered greatly from it. More than a hundred countries have imposed restrictions on entry into their territories, which has reduced their revenues from the tourism industry. This has led to significant losses, as the share of tourism in the economy of foreign countries is about 10% (international average). One of the most effective measures to correct the negative trends in the field of tourism is the development of domestic tourism, which should compensate for the losses caused by reducing the flow of foreign tourists. In countries with developed tourism, their share is up to 90%. Ukraine's tourism industry is less dependent on foreign tourists, accounting for about a third of the total. However, domestic tourism can not only provide rapid results that will offset the current losses, but will also prepare for the development of international tourism after the recession of the COVID-19 pandemic. In view of the above, there is a problem of finding ways to develop domestic tourism in Ukraine with the prospect of strengthening the position of the domestic tourism industry in the international market of tourist services. Based on statistics, it is shown that the development of domestic tourism can not only compensate for the curtailment of revenues from international tourism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also prepare for the recovery of the international tourism services market after the recession of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main components of the tourist potential of the regions of Ukraine are specified. The approach to assessing the feasibility of developing certain types of domestic tourism in specific regions of the country has been improved, based on their tourism potential, the state of tourism infrastructure, existing market opportunities and threats, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its practical approbation is executed. The structure of the tourist image of the region has been clarified. The range of communication tools for the formation of the tourist image and brand of the region is outlined. Conclusions and directions for further research.The obtained results form an approach to the development on the basis of marketing the tourist image and brand of the region for the development of domestic tourism during the pandemic COVID-19, and in the future after the end of quarantine restrictions - to enter the international market of tourist services. Further research should be aimed at developing methodological approaches to management by formalized procedures (taking into account factors of incomplete certainty and risk), formation and promotion of the tourist image and brand of the regions of Ukraine in both domestic and international markets
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Madani, Azzeddine, Saad Eddine Boutebal, Hinde Benhamida, and Christopher Robin Bryant. "The Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on the Tourism Needs of the Algerian Population." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 25, 2020): 8856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218856.
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This research aims to understand the vision and the reaction of the population towards tourism and holidays during this period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also investigates the tourist needs of the Algerian population after the closure of international borders. Methods: The data were collected using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods through a questionnaire applied to 203 people in different regions of Algeria (a North African country) from 1 June to 13 July 2020. Results: The needs of Algerian tourists were characterized by a great need for leisure to relieve psychological stress caused by COVID-19 (M = 25.33) among the study sample (p < 0.05). The results also show an average need to rationalize the costs of tourist services (M = 5.26) according to the respondents (p < 0.01). This is in addition to the great need (M = 7.75) among respondents (p < 0.05) of the awareness that the tourism sector can contribute to the economic recovery in Algeria after the confinement period. About 75.86% of respondents requested the cleanliness of tourist sites, while 69.95% recommended improving safety because of the size of tourist sites in the Algerian territory as well as measures related to social distancing. The results show that 53.69% of respondents preferred the month of August to go on vacation, 29.06% chose the month of September, and 17.25% would prefer the months of October, November, and December since they expected a reduction in the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourism needs of the Algerian population, which has become increasingly aware of the consequences of the pandemic in relation to their health and in relation to the country’s economy. These results can help the authorities of the tourism sector to better understand and identify the tourism needs of this population in the current period and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Aman, Qaiser, and Sultan Altass. "Pre-and Post-COVID-19 condition, performance and future of the airline industry: Evidence from accounting data." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 37 (March 5, 2021): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.37.01.1.
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The main purpose of this study was to analyze the pre-and post-COVID-19 condition, performance and future of the airline industry. To get the desired objective of the study current research study used the accounting information of airline industry. For the said purpose cross tabulation, frequencies, means techniques were used to draw the conclusion. To predict the future and revival of the industry study calculated the means before and after COVID-19 performance and forecast the recovery period of the industry. The accounting results showed that the condition and performance of the airline industry was good before the COVID-19 pandemic. The average results showed that operating profit margin, net profit, return on invested capital and, revenues were at acceptable levels before COVID-19. However, in the aftermath of COVID-19, all the indicators dropped significantly and become negative. Before COVID-19, the airline industry was contributing an average $118 billion in annual tax revenue to governments. Before COVID-19, the region-wise accounting results showed that the condition and performance of the airline industry was good in all regions except in Africa. After COVID-19, the airline industry in all regions encountered significant problems with negative operating profit, net profit and, return on invested capital, and a significant drop in revenue. In short, such unexpected, painful and huge losses have never been recorded throughout the history of the airline industry. The future of the airline industry is unpredictable and uncertain, but the average results showed that said industry will recover within four to five years if COVID-19 disappears in 2020.
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Ivanov, I. A., E. S. Golomidova, and N. K. Terenina. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volume and spatial breakdown of tourist flow in Finland and Estonia in 2020." Regional nye issledovaniya, no. 4 (2020): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2020-4-10.
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Nowadays international tourism is among the sectors of the world economy most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify differences in the dynamics of tourist flow in Finland and Estonia during the first eight months of 2020 compared to 2019, as well as changes in the structure of incoming tourist flow to these countries. Particular interest in studying the tourist flows of Finland and Estonia is due to the fact that over the past two decades they have been among the top ten countries in the world in terms of outbound tourism of Russians, as well as among the leaders in this indicator among the EU States, which is directly related to their neighboring position with Russia. Tourism in Estonia and Finland experienced a rather difficult period of spring quarantine, and its recovery in the summer began with domestic tourism. There has also been an increase in the incoming tourist flow. At the same time, the best dynamics were demonstrated by the tourist flow from neighboring countries of the European Union, the border with which was partially opened for tourists in the summer of 2020. Adjacent territories of neighboring countries are the part of the cross-border tourist and recreational regions, within which tourist flows were restored faster than tourist exchange with other, geographically more remote States. This conclusion gives hope for a fairly rapid recovery of cross-border tourist exchange between Russia and neighboring countries after the “opening” of borders at the end of the pandemic.
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Montoro, Luis, Boris Cendales, Francisco Alonso, Adela Gonzalez-Marin, Ignacio Lijarcio, Javier Llamazares, and Sergio A. Useche. "Essential…but also vulnerable? Work intensification, effort/reward imbalance, fatigue and psychological health of Spanish cargo drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic." PeerJ 10 (March 8, 2022): e13050. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13050.
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Objective This study investigates the combined effect of the Effort/Reward Imbalance (ERI) model of stress and work intensification within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health (general and work-related fatigue, and psychological strain) of cargo drivers, one of the most demanded workforces during the first year of this pandemic. Methods For this cross-sectional research, the data provided by n = 1,013 professional drivers from the different 17 autonomous communities (regions) of Spain were analyzed. Participants answered a questionnaire composed of the short version of the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, a Work Intensification Scale (WIS) designed for this study, the fatigue subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), the Need for Recovery after Work Scale (NFR), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results Hierarchical regression analyses show that both (ERI and work intensification) models significantly predict driver’s fatigue and psychological strain. The effect of work intensification exists above and beyond the effect of effort/reward imbalance, which has been previously related to the safety performance of cargo drivers. Conclusions These findings suggest that the ERI and work intensification models can be complementarily used, especially in scenarios introducing substantial changes in the work environment, such as the COVID-19 crisis. Also, the results of this study support the need to intervene in the working conditions of professional drivers in order to improve their psychological health and well-being during both pandemic and post-pandemic times, as crisis-related management interventions are necessary to promote health and safety in professional drivers in potentially similar contexts in the future.
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Choi, Incheol, Joo Hyun Kim, Namhee Kim, Eunsoo Choi, Jongan Choi, Hye Won Suk, and Jinkyung Na. "How COVID-19 affected mental well-being: An 11- week trajectories of daily well-being of Koreans amidst COVID-19 by age, gender and region." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): e0250252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250252.
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The present study examined the daily well-being of Koreans (n = 353,340) for 11 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 20 –April 7). We analyzed whether and how life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and life meaning changed during the outbreak. First, we found that the well-being of Koreans changed daily in a cubic fashion, such that it declined and recovered during the early phase but declined substantially during the later phase (after COVID- 19 was declared world pandemic by WHO). Second, unlike other emotions, boredom displayed a distinctive pattern of linear increase, especially for younger people, suggesting that boredom might be, in part, responsible for their inability to comply with social distancing recommendations. Third, the well-being of older people and males changed less compared to younger people and females. Finally, daily well-being dropped significantly more in the hard-hit regions than in other regions. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Chen, Sam Li-Sheng, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Chao-Chih Lai, Chen-Yang Hsu, Chang-Chuan Chan, and Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen. "An Index for Lifting Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Algorithm Recommendation for Lifting Social Distancing." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): e22469. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22469.
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Background Implementing and lifting social distancing (LSD) is an urgent global issue during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly when the travel ban is lifted to revive international businesses and economies. However, when and whether LSD can be considered is subject to the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the recovery rate, and the case-fatality rate. It is imperative to provide real-time assessment of three factors to guide LSD. Objective A simple LSD index was developed for health decision makers to do real-time assessment of COVID-19 at the global, country, region, and community level. Methods Data on the retrospective cohort of 186 countries with three factors were retrieved from a publicly available repository from January to early July. A simple index for guiding LSD was measured by the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases and recoveries, and the case-fatality rate was envisaged. If the LSD index was less than 1, LSD can be considered. The dynamic changes of the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated to assess whether and when health decision makers allowed for LSD and when to reimplement social distancing after resurgences of the epidemic. Results After large-scale outbreaks in a few countries before mid-March (prepandemic phase), the global weekly LSD index peaked at 4.27 in March and lasted until mid-June (pandemic phase), during which most countries were affected and needed to take various social distancing measures. Since, the value of LSD has gradually declined to 0.99 on July 5 (postpandemic phase), at which 64.7% (120/186) of countries and regions had an LSD<1 with the decile between 0 and 1 to refine risk stratification by countries. The LSD index decreased to 1 in about 115 days. In addition, we present the results of dynamic changes of the LSD index for the world and for each country and region with different time windows from January to July 5. The results of the LSD index on the resurgence of the COVID-19 epidemic in certain regions and validation by other emerging infectious diseases are presented. Conclusions This simple LSD index provides a quantitative assessment of whether and when to ease or implement social distancing to provide advice for health decision makers and travelers.
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Li, Jia, Patrizio Mazzone, Lisa W. M. Leung, Weiqian Lin, Giuseppe D’Angelo, Jun Ma, Jin Li, et al. "Electrophysiology in the time of coronavirus: coping with the great wave." EP Europace 22, no. 12 (September 30, 2020): 1841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa185.
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Abstract Aims To chart the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of interventional electrophysiology services in affected regions. Methods and results We reviewed the electrophysiology laboratory records in three affected cities: Wenzhou in China, Milan in Italy, and London in the UK. We inspected catheter lab records and interviewed electrophysiologists in each centre to gather information on the impact of the pandemic on working patterns and on the health of staff members and patients. There was a striking decline in interventional electrophysiology activity in each of the centres. The decline occurred within a week of the recognition of widespread community transmission of the virus in each region and shows a striking correlation with the national figures for new diagnoses of COVID-19 in each case. During the period of restriction, workflow dropped to <5% of normal, consisting of emergency cases only. In two of three centres, electrophysiologists were redeployed to perform emergency work outside electrophysiology. Among the centres studied, only Wenzhou has seen a recovery from the restrictions in activity. Following an intense nationwide programme of public health interventions, local transmission of COVID-19 ceased to be detectable after 18 February allowing the electrophysiology service to resume with a strict testing regime for all patients. Conclusion Interventional electrophysiology is vulnerable to closure in times of great social difficulty including the COVID-19 pandemic. Intense public health intervention can permit suppression of local disease transmission allowing resumption of some normal activity with stringent precautions.
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Mahdich, Alisa S. "POLICY RESPONSE OF ASIAN ECONOMIES TO COVID-2019 PANDEMIC: CHINA, THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, JAPAN." Academic Review 2, no. 55 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2021-2-55-1.
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The countries of Northeast Asia were the first countries in the world, which faced the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, the epicenter of which was the city of Wuhan in the Chinese province of Hubei. As of the end of March, the spread of the pandemic has been brought under control. Compared to other sub-regions in Asia and the Pacific, Northeast Asia was relatively well prepared for COVID-19 in terms of health systems, access to basic services and connectivity. The national response to COVID-19 was quick and varied. The governments have adopted numerous policies to contain the spread of the virus, as well as to address growing socio-economic challenges and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, the governments of China, the Republic of Korea and Japan have leveraged an existing memorandum of cooperation and a joint action plan to implement joint responses to pandemic influenza and new and re-emerging infectious diseases. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessary containment measures have resulted in a sharp decline in economic activity, widespread loss of jobs and livelihoods and disruptions in the provision of basic services. In 2020, the countries in the region experienced a marked economic decline. After a significant drop in domestic demand and trade disruptions in the first half of 2020, the second half of 2020 was characterized by a gradual recovery in exports, there are currently signs of a recovery. The aim of current research was to investigate the practices of the three Asian countries – China, the Republic of Korea and Japan – in supporting businesses and citizens who found themselves in a difficult life situation due to the coronavirus, in order to identify optimal examples of economic policy during pandemic. The most effective measures to support the economy of China during the COVID-19 pandemic were food supply; control over the increase in the production; online services launched by the government. The most effective measures to support the economy of the Republic of Korea were: the Bank of Korea has cut its key rate to a record low benchmark; the Bank of Korea has provided the loans to the country’s commercial banks; the country’s government has allocated considerable funds to support South Korean SMEs; Korea Trade and Investment Promotion Agency has actively developed a global online trading platform; consumption taxes in case of car purchases have been reduced significantly to support the market; the enterprises with an annual turnover of less than Korean WON 60 million won have been provided with VAT exemptions. The most effective measures which have been taken by the government of Japan to were: there have been allocated USD 4.1 billion to support Japanese SMEs; there has been announced the development of a package of large-scale measures to support the country’s economy; there have been introduced special conditions for lending to SMEs; the activities of the companies involved in the fight against the pandemic have been subsidized; there has been introduced a simplified license renewal procedure for import/export and tariff quota certificates; the Bank of Japan has doubled up to USD 112 billion the exchange-traded fund (ETF) buyback program; a payment has been provided for the citizens who cannot work; a consulting service has been organized to support SMEs; for SMEs which were forced to send part of their employees on vacation or training, the state would cover the costs of forced leave in the amount of 4/5 during 100 days.
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Pletsan, Khrystyna. "Strategic Prospects for the Development of the Tourist Services Market in Ukraine." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Tourism 4, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7603.4.1.2021.235142.
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The article analyzes the theoretical foundations and features of the strategic development of the tourist services market in Ukraine. The concept of the tourist services market is comprehended and revealed. The methodological approach of strategic development of the tourist services market in Ukraine and the specifics of recovery after the coronavirus pandemic are highlighted. The priority tasks of the tourism industry development in Ukraine are presented and argued. The model of the strategic management process in tourism for a tourist enterprise is generalized. The algorithm of development of the competitiveness extension project of the tourist services market in Ukraine has been elaborated and substantiated. The conclusion is substantiated that in order to ensure a stable growth rate of the tourism industry, it is necessary to identify priority types of tourism for the regions, contribute to improving the safety of tourists, develop tourism infrastructure and transport links, simplify formalities, create and sell tourism products and services that are in demand on the world market, develop and rapidly introduce new technologies using digital tools.
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Santoso, Yohanes William. "Deliberate Negligence: Bolsonaro and Brazil’s Failure in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic." Jurnal Global & Strategis 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.2.2020.315-330.
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Brasil merupakan negara dengan kasus positif COVID-19 tertinggi kedua di dunia, setelah Amerika Serikat. Kasus penularan dan kematian yang tinggi membuat Brasil dapat dikatakan gagal dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh dalam kegagalan upaya Brasil merespon pandemi ini. Salah satunya adalah karena adanya informasi dan instruksi yang berbeda antara Presiden Bolsonaro dengan gubernur-gubernurnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respon Brasil dalam mengatasi pandemi COVID-19 dari rentang waktu sejak kasus pertama pada bulan Februari hingga bulan Juli 2020, serta menjelaskan alasan kegagalan tersebut. Argumen utama penulis adalah kegagalan Brasil disebabkan oleh adanya gejolak dalam politik domestik Brasil, dan kondisi sosial ekonomi di Brasil. Gejolak politik domestik tersebut dibagi menjadi dua yaitu gejolak di tingkat nasional: antara Presiden Bolsonaro dan menteri kesehatannya; dan gejolak di tingkat lokal: antara Presiden Bolsonaro dengan para gubernur negara bagian. Dari segi ekonomi, kondisi Brasil yang masih berusaha memulihkan perekonomian membuat pemerintahan Bolsonaro seolah sengaja melalaikan tanggung jawab untuk mengatasi penyebaran COVID-19. Sementara dari segi sosial, ketimpangan yang ada di Brasil membuat masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah-daerah miskin menjadi paling beresiko tertular karena tidak adanya infrastruktur sanitasi yang memadai. Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19, Brasil, Bolsonaro, kelalaian Brazil is a country with the second highest positive cases of COVID-19 in the world, after the United States. The high number of infected and death cases makes Brazil fail to prevent the spread of COVID-19. There are several factors contributed to Brazil's failure to respond the pandemic. One of the reasons is because of the information and differences between President Bolsonaro and his governors. This paper aims to examine Brazil's response in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic from the timeframe from the first case in February to July 2020, and to explain the reasons for this failure. The author’s main argument is that Brazil's failure was caused by the turmoil in domestic politics and the socio-economic conditions in Brazil. Domestic political turmoil is divided into two, namely turmoil at the national level: between President Bolsonaro and his ministers of health; and turmoil at the local level: between President Bolsonaro and state governors. From the economy point of view, Brazil's condition, which is still in recovery, has made the Bolsonaro administration seem to have deliberately neglected its responsibility to contain the spread of COVID-19. Meanwhile, from a social perspective, the existing inequality in Brazil put people living in poorest regions at the highest risk of infection due to the absence of adequate sanitation infrastructure. Keywords: COVID-19, Brazil, Bolsonaro, negligence
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Зеленко, Олена Олександрівна, and Регіна Анатоліївна Готкевич. "ГАСТРОТУРИЗМ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ." TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2021.1.13.
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Problem statement: The recovery of the tourism industry after the pandemic requires the use of new tools and directions of development. Gastrotourism, as a component of the tourism industry, is gaining momentum in Ukraine, has every chance to become the highlight of the eastern regions, rich in gastronomic traditions against the background of the development of modern food industry enterprises. The purpose of the study: identification of Ukrainian gastronomic product and ways of its development in the eastern regions of Ukraine, which will help create a tourist attraction of these areas for domestic and foreign tourists. The subject of research is the theoretical and practical aspects of gastrotourism development as a component of the tourism industry. Research methods: in the process of scientific work were used general and special methods of scientific abstraction, induction and deduction, statistical analysis, analogy and quantitative and qualitative comparison. Research hypothesis: it is assumed that the development of the gastronomic component of the tourism industry in eastern Ukraine should be based on a set of theoretical foundations, historical background and current circumstances of business development in the region. Presentation of the main material: The review of theoretical aspects and historical facts of development of gastrotourism allowed to supplement the existing classification of its kinds. Analysis of trends in gastrotourism in Ukraine shows that, despite the rich gastronomic diversity in the east, the leaders in this activity are the western regions. Originality and practical significance of the research: the objects of Luhansk region presented in the research, at the request of the owners themselves, can become promising gastronomic attractions of Luhansk region. Conclusions and prospects for further research: gastrotourism development will contribute to the restoration of abandoned areas of eastern Ukraine, will identify an alternative way of their development and create new tourist destinations at the interregional level.
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Sinha, Smita, and Rishita Chandra. "COVID 19 pandemic: Lesson learned by South Korea and its application with India’s perspective." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 608–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i03.028.
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A novel coronavirus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019, in Wuhan city of Hubei province of China, which got transmitted throughout the nation and even world. It was declared as a Public Health Emergency by WHO on January 30th 2020, due to the increase in the number of cases reported from various regions of WHO with the evidence of human to human transmission. (1)
Spread of COVID-19 across the globe: China reported first COVID-19 death on January 11th 2020. After a few weeks, 830 cases were diagnosed in China along with 26 reported deaths. By January 20, Wuhan was placed under lockdown and China alerted other nations about its spread in various provinces. (2)
This contagious disease had spread to 24 nations outside China-Hong Kong-Macau, by 2nd February. About 172 countries and regions were engulfed by this virus by March 25, 2020. (3) Globally over 3,308,643 cases have been confirmed, over 234,123 deaths have been reported, and around 1,042,981 have recovered as on 30th April 2020. (4)
Controlling the Pandemic COVID 19: success story of the Republic of Korea: Initially, one country which successfully stood out from the rest of the world was South Korea. The country confirmed its first few cases in late January and then reported a surge in the cases a few weeks later. The country was exploded with cases in dozens to hundreds to thousands during late February and early March and launched drive-through testing centers and massive contact tracing.
Almost 909 new cases were identified in a single day of February 29th 2020 and was reported at peak. This data brought the country with 50 million population on the verge of a deluge. But the number of new cases was halved within a time period of just a week. The number of cases reduced to half within four days, and it halved, again the following day. (5)
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Li, Yawen, Yushan Yang, Guorong Luo, Jizhou Huang, and Tian Wu. "The Economic Recovery from Traffic Restriction Policies during the COVID-19 through the Perspective of Regional Differences and Sustainable Development: Based on Human Mobility Data in China." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 6453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116453.
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In the post-epidemic era, balancing epidemic prevention and control with sustainable economic development has become a serious challenge for all countries around the world. In China, a range of interventions include detection policies, clinical treatment policies, and most notably, traffic policies have been carried out for epidemic prevention and control. It has been widely confirmed that massive traffic restriction policies effectively brought the spread of the pandemic under control. However, restrictions on the use of transportation infrastructure undermine the smooth functioning of the economy. Particularly, China has a vast territory, with provinces differing in economic development, leading industries and transportation infrastructure; economic shock varies from region to region. In this case, targeted policies are the key to sustainable development. This paper sets forth advice for the Chinese government on its measures to boost the economy by analyzing regional differences in the impact of massive traffic restriction policies, based on large-scale human mobility data. After applying the Data Envelopment Analysis model, we classify Chinese provinces into different regions from the perspective of economic gradient, degree of internationalization and level of traffic convenience, respectively. Classification results are matched with the indicators of New Venues Created and the weekly Volumes of Visits to Venues from Baidu Maps. We find that the regional differences in the recovery of investment and consumption levels are striking. Based on the findings, we suggest that the government should adjust the intensity of traffic restrictions and economic stimulus policies dynamically according to regional differences to achieve sustainable economic development.
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Zhao, Bin. "On the Enterprise Dynamic Management in the COVID-19 Pandemic." Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 1, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/010.
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Background: With the worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the global economy has entered a cold winter, and the International Monetary Fund predicts that the global economy will shrink by about 3% in 2020. The outbreak of the epidemic has also caused heavy losses to the Chinese economy. In the first quarter of 2020, actual GDP fell sharply for the first time by 6.8% year-on-year for the first time. This is the first decline since record. Then, according to the data from the business survey in March, China's economy has improved compared with February, which shows that the economy has rebounded under the influence of policies. Judging from the current situation, although China has passed the peak period of the epidemic, affected by the high cases abroad, it can only be carried out slowly for the resumption of production. Enterprises, as micro-individuals under the macro economy, need to pass through analyzing the dynamic management of the enterprise to deepen the reform of the commercial system and stimulate the vitality of the enterprise. This will also provide data support for the government formulating relevant policies, which is conducive to the synergy of various policies and enhance the momentum of economic recovery. On the other hand, we choose tourism as our specific research object. Thus, we need to set different scenarios according to the development situation of the epidemic, evaluate the impact of the novel coronavirus epidemic on China's tourism industry, and discuss tourism development and opportunities in the post-epidemic era from the aspects of tourism's response to the epidemic and the development trend of the tourism after the epidemic4. Methods: This dissertation first discusses the issue of enterprise dynamic management in the post covid-19 epidemic era, establishes the Difference-in-Difference model (DID model), and improves the model reasonably. It puts forward the dynamic management plan of different regions, and judges the effect of the policy on the implementation of the epidemic. At the same time, it also aims at the impact of the epidemic on the tourism industry at the important time points. The elasticity method and linear regression are used to evaluate and forecast.Using transportation data as a leading indicator, the elasticity of the total number of tourists Et1 and the elasticity of total tourism revenue Ei1 during the Spring Festival and Spring Festival are calculated to be 1.39 and 1.60 respectively. The impact of COVID-19 on the Spring Festival tourism market is evaluated through the Spring Festival elasticity; During the period, the elasticity of the International Workers’ Day tourism market relative to the Spring Festival tourism market Et2 、Ei2 is calculated to be 1.14 and 0.9024 respectively through data over the years. Combining the forecast results of the Spring Festival tourism market and the data calibration of different forecast scenarios, the International Workers’ Day is predicted. The total number of tourist trips and total tourism revenue during the period; for the National Holiday, the above ideas are used to calculate the elasticity of the National Holiday tourism market relative to the Spring Festival and International Workers’ Day tourism markets Et3 、 Ei3 , which are 0.69 and 0.94, respectively , predicting the total number of tourists and total tourism revenue during the National Holiday period. Findings: The results based on DID model analysis show that the significance level of the policy to the GDP of Jiangsu Province is 32%. The saliency level in Hubei province is 37%. In the first quarter of the year 2020, the total travel time and total tourism revenue of the first quarter of the year 2020 are predicted, and the logarithmic linear regression equation is established based on the total tourist arrivals and the total tourism revenue in the year 2020 as the explanatory variables of total tourism trips and total tourism revenue in the first quarter. The total number of tourist trips in the first quarter of the year 2020 is 394 million, a decrease of 74.42% over the same period last year, and the total value of tourism revenue is 319 billion 565 million yuan, a decrease of 77.01% over the same period last year. The counter-factual prediction value of the total number of tourists in the first quarter of the year 2020 is 1 billion 676 million, and the counter-factual prediction value of the total tourism revenue is 1 trillion and 580 billion yuan. During the first half of the year 2020, the total number of tourists and the total tourism revenue in the first half of the year are predicted. The total number of tourists in the first quarter and the International Workers’ Day is used as the explanatory variables of the total travel time in the first half of the year. Logarithmic linear regression equations are established respectively and replaced by the estimated values. The predicted value of the total tourist arrivals in the first half of the year 2020 is 1 billion 440 million, which is 53.25% lower than that in the same period last year. The forecast value of total tourism revenue is 1 trillion and 165 billion 98 million yuan, with a decrease of 58.09%. Compared with the same period last year, the potential decline of the total number of tourists in the first half of the year 2020 is 1 billion 911 million, with a decrease of 57.03%, resulting in a potential loss of 1 trillion and 994 billion 902 million yuan and a loss ratio of 63.13% for tourism total revenue. Under the optimistic forecast, the total number of tourist trips in the year 2020 is 4 billion 659 million. A decrease of 23.12% compared with the same period last year, and the total value of tourism revenue is 4 trillion and 807 billion 295 million yuan, 26.27% lower than that of the same period last year. Under the prudent forecast, the total number of tourist trips in the year 2020 is 3 billion 941 million, a decrease of 34.97% over the same period last year, and the total value of tourism revenue is 3 trillion and 922 billion 883 million yuan, a decrease of 39.83%, over the same period of the last year. Interpretation: China's economy has been affected by the epidemic to varying degrees in all sectors, especially in the tertiary sector. And because the outbreak situation in China did not look good in the first quarter of 2020, almost all companies made a loss in the first quarter of 2020. To address the economic downturn, the Chinese government has taken various measures, such as issuing coupons to stimulate consumption, discounting promotions, etc. And as the domestic epidemic situation in China continues to improve, more and more companies have resumed normal operations in the last two months. It is believed that in the near future, China's economic situation will be significantly better than in the first quarter.
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Newman AO, Peter. "COVID, CITIES and CLIMATE: Historical Precedents and Potential Transitions for the New Economy." Urban Science 4, no. 3 (July 13, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4030032.
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The 2020 collapse of the global economy due to the Covid-19 pandemic has enabled us to think about long term trends and what the future could hold for our cities and regions, especially due to the climate agenda. The paper sets out the historical precedents for economic transitions after collapses that unleash new technologically based innovation waves. These are shown to be associated with different energy and infrastructure priorities and their transport and resulting urban forms. The new technologies in the past were emerging but mainstreamed as the new economy was built on new investments. The paper suggests that the new economy, for the next 30 years, is likely to be driven by the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agendas (summarised as zero carbon–zero poverty) and will have a strong base in a cluster of innovative technologies: renewable energy, electromobility, smart cities, hydrogen-based industry, circular economy technologies, and biophilic urbanism. The first three are well underway, and the other three will need interventions if not cultural changes and may miss being mainstreamed in this recovery but could still play a minor role in the new economy. The resulting urban transformations are likely to build on Covid-19 through “global localism” and could lead to five new features: (1) relocalised centres with distributed infrastructure, (2) tailored innovations in each urban fabric, (3) less car dependence, (4) symbiotic partnerships for funding, and (5) rewritten manuals for urban professionals. This period needs human creativity to play a role in revitalising the human dimension of cities. The next wave following this may be more about regenerative development.
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Suzuki, Takashi, Tadanobu Takahashi, Chao-Tan Guo, Kazuya I. P. Jwa Hidari, Daisei Miyamoto, Hideo Goto, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, and Yasuo Suzuki. "Sialidase Activity of Influenza A Virus in an Endocytic Pathway Enhances Viral Replication." Journal of Virology 79, no. 18 (September 15, 2005): 11705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.18.11705-11715.2005.
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ABSTRACT N2 neuraminidase (NA) genes of the 1957 and 1968 pandemic influenza virus strains possessed avian-like low-pH stability of sialidase activity, unlike most epidemic strains. We generated four reverse-genetics viruses from a genetic background of A/WSN/33 (H1N1) that included parental N2 NAs of 1968 pandemic (H3N2) and epidemic (H2N2) strains or their counterpart N2 NAs in which the low-pH stability of the sialidase activity was changed by substitutions of one or two amino acid residues. We found that the transfectant viruses bearing low-pH-stable sialidase (WSN/Stable-NAs) showed 25- to 80-times-greater ability to replicate in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells than did the transfectant viruses bearing low-pH-unstable sialidase (WSN/Unstable-NAs). Enzymatic activities of WSN/Stable-NAs were detected in endosomes of MDCK cells after 90 min of virus internalization by in situ fluorescent detection with 5-bromo-4-chloro-indole-3-yl-α-N-acetylneuraminic acid and Fast Red Violet LB. Inhibition of sialidase activity of WSN/Stable-NAs on the endocytic pathway by pretreatment with 4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (zanamivir) resulted in a significant decrease in progeny viruses. In contrast, the enzymatic activities of WSN/Unstable-NAs, the replication of which had no effect on pretreatment with zanamivir, were undetectable in cells under the same conditions. Hemadsorption assays of transfectant-virus-infected cells revealed that the low-pH stability of the sialidase had no effect on the process of removal of sialic acid from hemagglutinin in the Golgi regions. Moreover, high titers of viruses were recovered from the lungs of mice infected with WSN/Stable-NAs on day 3 after intranasal inoculation, but WSN/Unstable-NAs were cleared from the lungs of the mice. These results indicate that sialidase activity in late endosome/lysosome traffic enhances influenza A virus replication.
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Zharikov, Mikhail V. "The BRICS Stocks Index as an Aggregate Indicator of Regional Economic Development." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 14, no. 12 (December 2021): 1920–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0870.
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The topic is time-relevant, since today there is a strong need to find indicators showing a development path for countries after the pandemics of 2020 in specific regions of the world. This paper makes an attempt to create an indicator that is different and more representative of the BRICS than the indexes already in existence. The BRICS index offered here is a capitalisation-weighted average of daily quotations for the listed stocks which dynamics highly correlate with each other. The purpose of developing such an index is to monitor a general growth pattern of the BRICS’ economies and their corporations on the financial markets, both domestically and regionally, since they are at the core of the regions, they are in. The introduction of the BRICS index to the financial market can help increase investors’ appetite for the assets. It will make it easier to analyze the stock markets of the BRICS as well. The significance of such a rating is that it may lay the foundation for working out a trading strategy to deal in the stocks of the BRICS companies to get optimal returns. The BRICS stocks index can also be an indicator of regional development for countries dependent on the BRICS, as well as the product of financial engineering which may help attract investors and other professionals working on the financial market to accumulate growth and recovery funds for the trouble countries of the region
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Nanda, Muhammad Achirul, Anifatul Faricha, Siti Maghfirotul Ulyah, Ni'matut Tamimah, Enny Indasyah, Muhammad Falahudin Malich Salaz, Qurrotun 'Ayun Mawadatur Rohmah, and Ulfah Abqari. "The susceptible-infected-recovered-dead model for long-term identification of key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in Indonesia." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2900-2910.
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<span>The COVID-19 epidemic has spread massively to almost all countries including Indonesia, in just a few months. An important step to overcoming the spread of the COVID-19 is understanding its epidemiology through mathematical modeling intervention. Knowledge of epidemic dynamics patterns is an important part of making timely decisions and preparing hospitals for the outbreak peak. In this study, we developed the susceptible-infected-recovered-dead (SIRD) model, which incorporates the key epidemiological parameters to model and estimate the long-term spread of the COVID-19. The proposed model formulation is data-based analysis using public COVID-19 data from March 2, 2020 to May 15, 2021. Based on numerical analysis, the spread of the pandemic will begin to fade out after November 5, 2021. As a consequence of this virus attack, the cumulative number of infected, recovered, and dead people were estimated at ≈ 3,200,000, ≈ 3,437,000 and ≈ 63,000 people, respectively. Besides, the key epidemiological parameter indicates that the average reproduction number value of COVID-19 in Indonesia is 7.32. The long-term prediction of COVID-19 in Indonesia and its epidemiology can be well described using the SIRD model. The model can be applied in specific regions or cities in understanding the epidemic pattern of COVID-19.</span>
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Xiong, Chenfeng, Songhua Hu, Mofeng Yang, Weiyu Luo, and Lei Zhang. "Mobile device data reveal the dynamics in a positive relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 infections." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 44 (October 15, 2020): 27087–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010836117.
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Accurately estimating human mobility and gauging its relationship with virus transmission is critical for the control of COVID-19 spreading. Using mobile device location data of over 100 million monthly active samples, we compute origin–destination travel demand and aggregate mobility inflow at each US county from March 1 to June 9, 2020. Then, we quantify the change of mobility inflow across the nation and statistically model the time-varying relationship between inflow and the infections. We find that external travel to other counties decreased by 35% soon after the nation entered the emergency situation, but recovered rapidly during the partial reopening phase. Moreover, our simultaneous equations analysis highlights the dynamics in a positive relationship between mobility inflow and the number of infections during the COVID-19 onset. This relationship is found to be increasingly stronger in partially reopened regions. Our study provides a quick reference and timely data availability for researchers and decision makers to understand the national mobility trends before and during the pandemic. The modeling results can be used to predict mobility and transmissions risks and integrated with epidemics models to further assess the public health outcomes.
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Gart, Mike, Prateesh Varughese, Lucio N. Gordan, Trevor Heritage, Greg Brown, Elizabeth Botts, Dakshesh Keni, Simon Blanc, Jeffrey A. Scott, and Robert E. Smith. "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on access to new patient cancer care as evaluated in the Integra Connect Database (ICD)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18792-e18792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18792.
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e18792 Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life. Integra Connect sought to assess its impact on new visits for cancer care by querying its Electronic Medical Record and Claims database as a surrogate for understanding Covid’s impact on cancer care in the larger United States population. Methods: Using Real World Data (RWD) from over 1200 oncology providers in 14 large practice settings, comprising 250 plus care sites in the ICD, we measured new patient (Pt) and established Pt visits from 2018 through 2020. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) codes for new and established Pt’s were applied to define cohorts. Disease states were defined using CMS Oncology Care Model (OCM) mapping to diagnosis codes. Because the ICD is heavily based in the Eastern US, we conducted a geographic analysis by segmenting providers by Northeast (NE) with 506 providers from NY, NJ, PA, and VA and Southeast (SE) with 578 providers from FL, GA, SC, and AL. We looked at visits across all tumor types and identified breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CC) as likely to be most affected by decreased screening, and multiple myeloma (MM) and advanced prostate cancer (APC) as likely to be vulnerable to delay in initiation of first treatment since treatment often trails diagnosis. Results: We found a decline in new patient volume (NPV) in ‘20 of -1% compared to ‘19; this compared to an anticipated increase of +7% based on growth in NPV in the ICD from ‘18 to ‘19. In the NE we saw NPV decrease in ‘20 by -7% vs. ‘19 but increase by +6% in the SE compared to ‘19. In comparing NPV ‘20 to ’19 and ’19 to ‘18, we saw a smaller increase for BC of +4% vs. +6% and for CC of +5% vs. +7%, respectively. Whereas in MM it was -7% vs. +3% and APC -6% vs. +8%. (See Table). Conclusions: Covid-19 has negatively impacted cancer care access. This RWD shows the number of both newly diagnosed Pts and those with initial oncologic intervention in established Pts, where symptoms traditionally have determined initiation of treatment, has declined year-over-year. The American Cancer Society projected new Pt cases to increase +2% in ‘20 to 1.806 million ( ACS, Cancer Facts and Figures 2020), whereas in the ICD, that figure was projected +7% but resulted in -1%. This suggests a major expected reduction of new Pt cases in the US at large. The drop in cases during Covid-19 in our data was greater in the NE compared to the SE. In addition, the drop in the NE in our data was earlier and more prolonged than SE. While recovery occurred in both regions, after an initial overshoot following lockdowns, volumes plateaued at levels lower than pre-pandemic.[Table: see text]
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Susanti, Erna. "TOURISM RECOVERY STRATEGY AFTER COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Economica 10, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/economica.2021.v10.i1.4792.
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Shapiro, N. A. "Reasons for Business Recovery after the pandemic COVID-19." Economics and Environmental Management, no. 2 (2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2310-1172-2020-13-2-58-64.
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Petrone, Brandon, Cesar R. Iturriaga, Thomas Mauri, and Nicholas Sgaglione. "COVID-19 and Orthopaedics: Recovery After the Pandemic Surge." Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation 2, no. 5 (October 2020): e677-e682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2020.05.009.
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Alamgir, Wasim, and Rehma Ahsan Gilani. "Normalization after Covid-19 Pandemic: Way Forward Towards Healthy Recovery." Life and Science 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.250.
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The world as we know has changed. While a global pandemic has been an ominous risk for decades, COVID-19 came as a jolt, characterized by the functional interdependencies of the social, economic and public health systems. The initial shock and systemic failures from policy unpreparedness, not only bared open the fault lines of social injustice and inequity, but also led to xenophobic orientation and conspiratorial thinking. Social isolation, mental health illness, redundancies, financial difficulties and permanent closure of many businesses were the fall out of this crisis. The world adapted and moved from physical to digital. Financial systems, education, industry and entertainment were restructured and decentralized. The pandemic also had significant effect on the sociopolitical trends including sense of human solidarity, rebuilding of national pride, work-home balance, reducing human impact on climate and the selfless dedication of health professionals.
The pandemic’s chaos presented an opportunity to reevaluate priorities and develop new strategic solutions to the disruptions caused by tactical difficulties consequent to this plague. The interdependencies of our society, use of information technology and exceptional computational sciences, are the so-called new normal, the most appropriate way to do governance in an era of hyper connectedness. The pandemic has shown that economic and social determinants of ill-health are strong predictors of health outcome. There is a need to work for universal health coverage as it is in everyone’s interest that people who feel unwell should not check their pocket before they seek help. It is also imperative to integrate community-led services into public systems so as to enable universal access, Free healthcare is not only vital for tackling pandemics but it also prevents millions of people from falling into extreme poverty by the cost of healthcare every year. One also needs to strengthen social safety nets to enhance resilience, given the interrelation between health and livelihoods. Lastly, developing a common culture that emphasizes personal responsibility in the public interest, is essential. It is important to underscore that the biggest steps forward in health have usually happened in response to a major crisis as raising of post-Second World War health systems across Europe or establishment of NHS in United Kingdom.
Thus, coronavirus crisis, first and foremost a health crisis, has complex and long-term consequences. Policy preparedness, financing our health, and business leadership are key to resilience against such large systemic shocks. It can therefore be seen as an important opportunity for largescale, deep-seated structural change, far beyond the obvious, in scale and scope.
Editor-in-Chief
How to cite this: Alamgir W, Gilani RA. Normalization after Covid-19 Pandemic: Way Forward Towards Healthy Recovery. Life and Science. 2022; 3(2): 64-64 . doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.250
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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Minchenko, Mariia, and Kateryna Demchuk. "Pandemic consequences and crisis recovery scenarios." Health Economics and Management Review 2, no. 1 (2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2021.1-07.
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The global economy develops in completely new and unpredictable conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic spread. The current COVID-19 crisis has changed the supply and demand ratio. Economic recovery requires the right macroeconomic policy to support national economies, maintain economic and financial relationships between workers and enterprises, creditors and borrowers, suppliers, and end consumers. Therefore, there is a challenge to minimize the influence of the long-term COVID-19 crisis to avoid irreparable damage to people and companies due to job losses and mass bankruptcies. This study aims to analyze the COVID-19 consequences and scenarios of economic recovery after the pandemic crisis. The study’s relevance is that the global economy needs significant behavioral, structural, and institutional changes to stabilize the system and form the basis for further development. The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a trigger of devastating large-scale world economic imbalances. The authors noted that one of the combating methods against the pandemic spread was quarantine measures. However, the massive population isolation, limiting its mobility and economic activity, has created an extraordinary socio-economic situation. The authors conclude that pandemic significantly increased the demand for food delivery services since people preferred (or were forced) to stay at home. At the same time, people were apprehensive about coronavirus transmission through couriers. The prolonged quarantine has changed consumer behavior. Notably, the demand for such goods as cars and clothing decreased while increased for household products. Most developed and many developing countries have sacrificed their economies to defend the population. The authors concluded that the social changes caused by quarantine restrictions have divided the world into current and «post-COVID» and affect all global economic fields. The obtained results indicated the need to find new possibilities to simplify production and manage remote work. The study findings emphasize the need to find new possibilities to simplify production. Moreover, it is essential to establish links between manufacturers and economic systems under remote work.
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Torres Zorrilla, Jorge. "Recovery After the Covid-19 Pandemic: the Case of Peruvian Tourism." Journal of Economics Finance and International Business 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/jefib.2020.v4n1.840.
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The situation Peru is facing with the global COVID-19 pandemic and the economic recession during this 2020 constitutes the worst crisis over the last 100 years. This economic recession has not happened since the crisis of 1980. GPD may decline by 15 % this year. Also, the perspective on global economy is terrible and a sharp contraction of global GDP is expected. On the other hand, the period between 2020 and 2021 will be considered as years of economic development lost. Specifically, receptive tourism in Peru is in danger of extinction because of the pandemic. Activity in the tourism market, which gives employment to 1.4 million people who are mainly women, is in total collapse. This article aims to make a proposal to help tourism sales recover their position as the most important section of service exports in Peru. The proposal is intended to encourage a non-traditional form of tourism in the tropical coast of the north of the country that should complement the traditional archeological tourism. The conclusions make emphasis on the fact that, at present, Peru is not exploiting its historical richness or using its comparative advantage in tourism, which could become a leading sector of domestic economy. Finally, our thesis is based on the notion that, from 2021 onwards, the recovery of the Peruvian economy must necessarily be based on exploiting the recovery of external demand rather than putting our trust in domestic demand growth.
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Torres Zorrilla, Jorge. "Recovery After the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Peruvian Tourism." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management 5, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.14.
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Tyutyunnik, Igor G., and Yuriy S. Bogachev. "Regulatory Support of the Recovery of Economy after the Coronavirus Pandemic." Jurist 4 (April 22, 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2021-4-59-64.
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Analysis of statistical data shows that, state support for the manufacturing industry of Russia, does not allow to achieve the stated goals of state support for growth and the development of driver sectors. Sectors claiming to be drivers of the national economy have not shown significant progress in strengthening their status in connection with the efforts made by the State and have not had a clear multiplier effect on other sectors and spheres of public life. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a concept of state support for the manufacturing industry, which would make it possible to determine, taking into account the factors determining the development of industries, investment, the economic and technological state of production, the socio-economic situation of industries, and their personnel potential. To streamline legislation to improve regulatory legal support in the field of support for sectors of Russian industry, we have developed proposals distributed into groups.
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Ben-Naceur, Kamel. "Sustainable Recovery: Signs of Recovery?" Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1121-0006-jpt.
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The 2021 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) was held in September as a hybrid (in-person and virtual) event in Dubai with more than 6,000 participants, with the health and safety of the participants being our highest priority. While the number of attendees is lower than in previous years, there was a general feeling that we may finally be getting out of the pandemic situation, after 18 months of a complete trans-formation of the way we work, communicate, and move. Thanks to the Conference Chair Ali Al Jarwan, CEO of Dragon Oil; Program Committee Chair Fareed Abdulla AlHashmi, COO of Dragon Oil; and the ATCE Executive and Program committees for organizing an excellent event under the theme of “The New Oil and Gas Journey: Agility, Innovation, and Value Creation.” The conference included 80 technical sessions, six plenary and panel sessions, and eight special sessions, spanning digitalization, electrification, sustainability, and emerging themes. Our appreciation goes to the sponsors, the exhibitors, the presenters, the volunteers, and the SPE staff. Dubai and the UAE, 1 week before the 2020 World Expo, were great hosts. Congratulations to the winners of the SPE (and AIME) International, Regional, and Student awards (https://jpt.spe.org/spe-honors-2021-international-award-recipients-during-annual-meeting). Many of them were able to travel to Dubai to receive their recognition. The Startup Village Awards, organized in collaboration with Rice University, was also well attended, and the winners were recognized (https://jpt.spe.org/2021-atce-startup-village-competition-winners-announced). The dynamism of the city of Dubai and the country of UAE and their capacity to project themselves in the future with a unique 50-year strategical timeframe that spans the period 2021–2071 never cease to amaze me. The world, including developing economies, has expanded significantly the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, reaching more than 6 billion doses administered, and nearly half of the world has received at least one dose of vaccination as of early October. The “green list” of countries deemed safe for travel is expanding after a summer that has seen a major impact of the COVID-19 Delta variant. Oil and gas demand is recovering for sectors such as transport and industry, even though the airlines may not see pre-pandemic levels of activity before 2025. Massive amounts of public funding injected to fuel the world’s economic recovery have been announced in Europe, the US, and Asia, adding up to trillions of dollars. However, economic recovery from the pandemic will take time, as there is a major backlog in global manufacturing activities impacting consumer markets and creating inflationary pressures.
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Ayoush verma. "Recovery from corona virus 19." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (December 21, 2020): 1798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.4207.
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The extreme intense breathing disorder coronavirus 2 pandemic features phenomenal emergency care utilities. The gigantic number of coronavirus sickness (coronavirus) case in the US had brought about a huge populace of survivor with delayed after septic indications. The making of integrative present coronavirus facilities on location both diligent manifestations and potential long hau care requirement needed comprehension of the intense sickness and the awakening information with respect to coronavirus results. Involvement in serious, intense breathing disorder and mid breathing state, after-intense breathing trouble disorder intricacies, and after-escalated care state additionally adverses foreseen sequelae and clinical orientation plan. After-corona virus clinical projects should be set up to think about people recently hospital with coronavirus (counting the individuals who needed basic consideration to uphold), nonhospital people with determined breathing side effects following coronavirus, and people with previous lung infection confounded by a coronavirus. Viable integrative joint effort models influence caretaking picked up at the time of the beginning stages of the pandemic to beat the exceptional strategic emergency care requirement presented by pandemic states. A coordinated effort among doctors and analysts across orders will give understanding into outlastership that may shape the therapy of both intense sickness and ongoing emergency care requirement. In a survey, we examine the points, general standards, components of a plan, and emergency care requirement of a fruitful integrative model to address the needed menus of coronavirus outlasts. Coordinated efforts required by doctors and survivors to overcome the extreme intense situation. Recovery of outlasters depends upon coordinated efforts of doctors and survivors. Recovery from the coronavirus is a delayed course of action. Risk factors and comorbidities are equally prime.
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Miroliubova, Tatyana V., and Ekaterina N. Voronchikhina. "SPATIAL NON-HOMOGENEITY OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT ON SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONS." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 16, no. 3 (2021): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2021-3-238-254.
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T he global nature of the COVID-19 pandemic outlined new challenges for the economic studies aimed to define the factors measuring the difference in the scope of the coronavirus-induced crisis consequences for the national social economic systems. The purpose of this research is to develop the tools to define the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the social economic development of the Russian regions and the resilience of the regional systems to the pandemic in terms of demographic factors. The methodology of the research includes statistical analysis and econometric modeling. The authors defined the economy resilience to the pandemic and developed a resilience index of the regional economy to the COVID-19 pandemic. The resilience index includes groups of homogeneous indicators characterizing the factors of the regional economic growth. Resilience of the regional economy to the COVID-19 pandemic is measured to reveal a negligible positive impact of the population density on the resilience of the RF regions’ economy to the coronavirus-induced crisis. The regions were clustered by the resilience index of their economies to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the leaders-regions, the regions with a moderate level and outsiders-regions were defined. A higher level of the regional economic development is found not to guarantee a more resilient economy to the COVID-19 pandemic. The obtained scientific results could be used to choose customized tools for the recovery of the regional social economic systems with due regard to the area with the worst dynamics of the indicators. Further scientific research is seen to be in analyzing the spatial non-homogeneity during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods, as well as in measuring the detrimental effects of the coronavirus and other external shocks on the RF regions’ economies in the context of demographic factors.
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McIntosh, Bryan, Bruce Sheppy, Francesco Moscone, and Andreia Areal. "The business of recovery: embedding health in economies after COVID-19." British Journal of Healthcare Management 28, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2021.0156.
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As the UK rebuilds and recovers after the COVID-19 pandemic, tackling socioeconomic inequalities will become increasingly pertinent. The link between health and wealth has been long established, with those at the highest risk of illness also being less likely to access healthcare. The pandemic has highlighted these disparities, with higher morbidity and mortality rates seen in deprived areas, as well as among ethnic minority communities. Leaders and clinicians across the NHS and social care have called for a ‘reset’ in the way healthcare is planned, commissioned and delivered in the UK. There is a growing need for a holistic approach to disease prevention, and it is crucial that government agencies take a strong role in addressing the wider determinants of health.
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GAKI, Eleni, and Nikolaos Iason KOUFODONTIS. "REGIONAL TOURISM RESILIENCE AND RECOVERY IN TIMES OF CRISES." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 40, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.40131-827.
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Regional resilience is typically described as the ability of a region to withstand shocks and recuperate from various crises. Τhis paper examines the quantitative aspect of tourism resilience and focuses on tourism employment. The aim is to highlight the distinct potential of each Greek region to recover from the ongoing pandemic, based on its calculated tourism resilience. This empirical research uses secondary data and calculated indices developed for evaluating regional resilience. Statistical data from official sources provides information regarding regional employment with focus on tourism. Preliminary findings show that important differences are evident between regions regarding their resilience and their subsequent ability to recover from ongoing crises. Estimated resiliency is not always accompanied by a corresponding recovery, especially on the tourism sector. Regions with a strong tourism industry seem to have a stronger resilience than regions that base their development on other industries and this is an indication but at the same time shows the potential of tourism for the development of a region.
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van Assche, Mitsouko, Elisabeth Dirren, Alexia Bourgeois, Andreas Kleinschmidt, Jonas Richiardi, and Emmanuel Carrera. "Periinfarct rewiring supports recovery after primary motor cortex stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 41, no. 9 (March 24, 2021): 2174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x211002968.
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After stroke restricted to the primary motor cortex (M1), it is uncertain whether network reorganization associated with recovery involves the periinfarct or more remote regions. We studied 16 patients with focal M1 stroke and hand paresis. Motor function and resting-state MRI functional connectivity (FC) were assessed at three time points: acute (<10 days), early subacute (3 weeks), and late subacute (3 months). FC correlates of recovery were investigated at three spatial scales, (i) ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, (ii) core motor network (M1, premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory cortex), and (iii) extended motor network including all regions structurally connected to the upper limb representation of M1. Hand dexterity was impaired only in the acute phase ( P = 0.036). At a small spatial scale, clinical recovery was more frequently associated with connections involving ipsilesional non-infarcted M1 (Odds Ratio = 6.29; P = 0.036). At a larger scale, recovery correlated with increased FC strength in the core network compared to the extended motor network (rho = 0.71; P = 0.006). These results suggest that FC changes associated with motor improvement involve the perilesional M1 and do not extend beyond the core motor network. Core motor regions, and more specifically ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, could hence become primary targets for restorative therapies.
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Diamond, Jamie E., Susan McIlvaine, Serge Korjian, Patrick Cruden, Tenzin Dechen, Gail Piatkowski, Dhruv S. Kazi, and Michael Gavin. "Patterns of Recovery in Cardiovascular Care after the COVID-19 Pandemic Surge." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 363, no. 4 (April 2022): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2021.09.005.
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