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Yaeger‐Dror, Malcah, and Jay Nunamaker. "Register and speech variation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 4 (April 1992): 2388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403290.
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Kruger, Haidee, and Bertus van Rooy. "Register variation in written contact varieties of English." English World-Wide 39, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 214–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00011.kru.
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Abstract Previous research suggests there are register differences between native and non-native varieties of English, as well as translated English. This article reports on a multidimensional (MD) analysis of register variation in the published written registers of 16 varieties of English, and tests expectations for register variation in contact varieties evident from existing research. The study finds that the effects of variety and register are largely independent of each other, indicating that overall, registers pattern in similar ways across varieties. register is the strongest factor accounting for variance in the data, but variety also contributes significantly to variation. Non-native varieties before phase four in the Dynamic Model (Schneider 2007) and translations draw more extensively on markers of formality than non-native varieties at phase four and native varieties. Contact varieties display fewer involvement features than native varieties. Persuasive strategies and reported speech are variable across varieties, suggesting local stylistic and cultural differences.
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ROBERTS, WILLIAM R., and DIMITRIOS VELENIS. "EFFECTS OF PARAMETER VARIATIONS ON TIMING CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOCKED REGISTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 07 (November 2009): 1309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126609005678.
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Violations in the timing constraints of a clocked register can cause a synchronous system to malfunction. The effects of parameter variations on the timing characteristics of registers that determine the timing constraints are investigated in this paper. The sensitivity of the setup time and data propagation delay to variations in power supply voltage, temperature, and gate oxide thickness is demonstrated for four different register designs. Furthermore, design modifications are proposed that enhance the robustness of each register to variation effects.
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Biber, Douglas. "Text-linguistic approaches to register variation." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 42–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18007.bib.
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Abstract Douglas Biber, Regents’ Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University, authors this article exploring the connections between register and a text-linguistic approach to language variation. He has spent the last 30 years pursuing a research program that explores the inherent link between register and language use, including at the phraseological, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical levels. His seminal book Variation across Speech and Writing (1988, Cambridge University Press) launched multi-dimensional (MD) analysis, a comprehensive framework and methodology for the large-scale study of register variation. This approach was innovative in taking a text-linguistic approach to characterize language use across situations of use through the quantitative and functional analysis of linguistic co-occurrence patterns and underlying dimensions of language use. MD analysis is now used widely to study register variation over time, in general and specialized registers, in learner language, and across a range of languages. In 1999, the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Biber et al.) became the first comprehensive descriptive reference book to systematically consider register variation in describing the grammatical and lexico-grammatical patterns of use in English. Douglas Biber’s quantitative linguistic research has consistently demonstrated the importance of register as a predictor of language variation. In his own words, “register always matters” (Gray 2013: 360, Interview with Douglas Biber, English Language & Linguistics).
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PAOLILLO, JOHN C. "Formalizing formality: an analysis of register variation in Sinhala." Journal of Linguistics 36, no. 2 (July 2000): 215–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700008148.
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Variation in language on the basis of formality (register variation) is often neglected both in grammatical descriptions and in sociolinguistic analyses. I demonstrate here that in Sinhala, and perhaps in other diglossic languages, register variation in syntax cannot be ignored. In a Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) analysis based on a corpus of naturally occurring Sinhala texts, I propose an analysis of register variation in which the syntax of all observed registers is accounted for within a single grammar. I further explain how the approach to register variation developed here can be extended to other types of sociolinguistic variation.
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Liimatta, Aatu. "Exploring register variation on Reddit." Register Studies 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 269–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18005.lii.
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Abstract While the language of the internet has been an increasingly popular research topic, there remain many understudied areas and topics which deserve more attention. This study explores register variation within the social media website Reddit using the multi-dimensional approach developed by Douglas Biber. Reddit, the third most popular English-language social media website after the giants Facebook and Twitter, is made up of thousands of user-created ‘subreddits’, subcommunities centered around different topics, where users make posts and comment on them. Many different communities and topic areas under one roof makes Reddit a particularly fruitful source of research material. In this paper, three register dimensions are extracted from data collected over one month from a group of thirty-seven subreddits: ‘On-line Subjective Production’, ‘Informational Style’ and ‘Instructional Focus’. These dimensions describe register variation within Reddit in meaningful ways. They are also in line with suggested register universals (Biber 2014).
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Costa, Andressa. "Koder - A multi-register corpus for investigating register variation in contemporary German." Research in Corpus Linguistics 7 (2019): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.07.04.
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This paper introduces the design decisions in building the Koder corpus, a multi-register-corpus of contemporary German. The purpose of this corpus is to serve as a basis for the investigation into the use of German across registers. In order to construct a representative corpus, the essential considerations are: the type and number of registers to include, the number of texts in each register and minimal text length. The paper describes which aspects were central in determining these issues as well the corpus composition and the necessary text processing.
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Matthiessen, Christian M. I. M. "Trinocular views of register." Language, Context and Text 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00019.mat.
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Abstract Michael Halliday’s argument for the value of ‘trinocular vision’ in linguistic research has particular relevance to the observation, exploration and description of register. Taking each semiotic dimension relevant to the characterisation of register by turn, I begin by discussing Halliday’s proposition. I then proceed, using the metaphor of cartography, to examine register variation via the intersection of three semiotic dimensions: stratification, instantiation and metafunction. I discuss how such examinations enable us to create description maps of register variation. From this basis, I discuss a long-term programme of systematically producing descriptive maps of registers, which I and colleagues have begun. Finally, I suggest that by using such maps we can better understand such important phenomena as aggregates of registers and personal register repertoires.
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Biber, Douglas, and Mohamed Hared. "Dimensions of register variation in Somali." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 41–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095439450000065x.
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ABSTRACTThe present study uses a multidimensional approach to analyze the linguistic characteristics of Somali spoken and written registers. Somali is unusual in that it has a very short history of literacy (only since 1973), but at present it has a wide range of written and spoken registers, including governmental, educational, and public information uses. It thus represents a very different language type from previously described languages. We analyze the distribution of 65 linguistic features across 279 texts from 26 spoken and written registers, using factor analysis to identify five major dimensions of variation. None of these dimensions defines an absolute dichotomy between spoken and written registers, although three of the dimensions can be considered “oral/literate” parameters. As in the multidimensional analyses of other languages, the present study shows that no single dimension adequately describes the relations among spoken and written registers; rather, each dimension reflects a different set of communicative functions relating to the purpose, general topic, degree of interactiveness, personal involvement, production circumstances, and other physical mode characteristics. In the conclusion, we briefly discuss our findings relative to previous multidimensional analyses of English, Tuvaluan, and Korean, laying the foundation for cross-linguistic analyses of universal tendencies of register variation.
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Giménez Moreno, Rosa. "Register Variation in Electronic Business Correspondence." International Journal of English Studies 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes/2011/1/137081.
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Electronic correspondence is a highly dynamic genre within the business world in which Register Variation (RV) is frequently used as a tool to improve communication but it often can lead to misunderstanding. In order to shed some light on this still unexplored area, the present study firstly offers a practical approach to classify and analyse RV within professional communication. After this, it reviews previous studies on email writing to apply their findings to this approach and, in the third part of the study, a corpus of recent business emails in English is analysed to examine how the key parameters of RV are currently used within this genre. The results will show that, not only the context, but also the roles and intentions of the senders influence an email’s register, often causing internal oscillations between different registers within the same text.
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Biber,, Douglas. "Register as a predictor of linguistic variation." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 8, no. 1 (May 25, 2012): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2012-0002.
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AbstractOver the last two decades, corpus analysis has been used as the basis for several important reference grammars and dictionaries of English. While these reference works have made major contributions to our understanding of English lexis and grammar, most of them share a major limitation: the failure to consider register differences. Instead, most reference works describe lexico-grammatical patterns as if they applied generally to English.The main goal of the present paper is to challenge this practice and the underlying assumption that the patterns of lexical-grammatical use in English can be described in general/global terms. Specifically, I argue that descriptions of the average patterns of use in a general corpus do not accurately describe any register. Rather, the patterns of use in speech are dramatically different from the patterns in writing (especially academic writing), and so minimally an adequate description must recognize the two major poles in this continuum (i.e., conversation versus informational written prose).The paper begins by comparing two general corpus approaches to the study of language use: variationist and text-linguistic. Although both approaches can be used to investigate the use of words, grammatical features, and registers, the two approaches differ in their bases: the first gives primacy to each linguistic token, while the second gives primacy to each text. This difference has important consequences for the overall research design, the kinds of variables that can be measured, the statistical techniques that can be applied, and the particular research questions that can be asked. As a result, the importance of register has been more apparent in text-linguistic studies than in studies of linguistic variation.The bulk of the paper, then, argues for the importance of register at all linguistic levels: lexical, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical. Analyses comparing conversation and academic writing are discussed for each level, showing how a general ‘average’ description includes some characteristics that are not applicable to one or the other register, while also omitting other important patterns of use found in particular registers.
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Neumann, Stella. "On the interaction between register variation and regional varieties in English." Language, Context and Text 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00023.neu.
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Abstract This paper examines the extent to which regional varieties of English influence register variation. Register is a key concept in systemic functional linguistics (SFL), whereas regional variation is rarely studied in this framework. However, languages like Chinese, Spanish and English are used in more than one region and such more complex language situations raise the question of whether registers are used consistently throughout. In this study, texts from three varieties represented in the International Corpus of English are analysed for frequencies of 41 lexico-grammatical features and subjected to exploratory multivariate analysis. The analysis shows that, while there are clear indications of register patterns irrespective of varieties, variety appears to override register in some cases. Variety therefore needs to be accounted for in language theory in addition to the language system and registers as subsystems.
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Berber Sardinha, Tony. "Dimensions of variation across Internet registers." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 125–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.15026.ber.
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Abstract This paper presents a study that sought to identify the dimensions of variation underlying a corpus of Internet texts, using Biber’s (1988) multi-dimensional (MD) analysis framework. The corpus was compiled following the method proposed by Biber (1993), according to which the size of each register subcorpus should be determined based on the linguistic variation across the texts. The corpus was tagged using the Biber Tagger and the features were counted and submitted to a factor analysis, which suggested three factors. The factors were interpreted as three dimensions of variation: involved, interactive discourse versus informational focus; expression of stance: interactional evidentiality; and expression of stance: interactional affect. The amount of register variation captured by the register distinctions on the dimensions ranged from 8.7% to 57.1%. Dimension 1 corroborate the oral/involved versus literate/informational distinction defined in previous MD studies of non-Internet registers, whereas Dimensions 2 and 3 highlight the important role played by stance in social media.
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Nini, Andrea. "Register variation in malicious forensic texts." International Journal of Speech Language and the Law 24, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.30173.
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Rodríguez-Puente, Paula. "Register Variation in Word-formation Processes." International Journal of English Studies 20, no. 2 (October 19, 2020): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes.364261.
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This paper traces the development of two roughly synonymous nominalizing suffixes during the Early Modern English period, the Romance -ity and the native -ness. The aim is to assess whether these suffixes were favored in particular registers or followed similar paths of development, and to ascertain whether the ongoing processes of standardization and vernacularization may have affected their diachronic evolution. To this purpose, the type frequencies and rates of aggregation of new types of the two suffixes were analyzed in seventeen different registers distributed along the formal-informal and the speech-written continua. Results indicate that -ness tends to lose ground in favor of -ity between the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries, a change which seems to have begun in formal written registers and spread towards ‘oral’ ones, probably aided by a general trend in written registers for the adoption of a more learned and literate style during the eighteenth century.
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Laws, Jacqueline, and Chris Ryder. "Register variation in spoken British English." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16036.law.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to identify the effect of register variation in spoken British English on the occurrence of the four principal verb-forming suffixes: ‑ate, ‑en, ‑ify and ‑ize, by building on the work of Biber et al. (1999), Plag et al. (1999) and Schmid (2011). Register variation effects were compared between the less formal Demographically-Sampled and the more formal Context-Governed components of the original 1994 version of the British National Corpus. The pattern of ‑ize derivatives revealed the most marked register-based differences with respect to frequency counts and the creation of neologisms, whereas ‑en derivatives varied the least compared with the other three suffixes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of these suffix profiles in the context of spoken language reveal markers of register formality that have not hitherto been explored; derivative usage patterns provide an additional dimension to previous research on register variation which has mainly focused on grammatical and lexical features of language.
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Biber, Douglas, and Jesse Egbert. "Register Variation on the Searchable Web." Journal of English Linguistics 44, no. 2 (March 24, 2016): 95–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424216628955.
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Stowell, Tim, and Diane Massam. "Introducing register variation and syntactic theory." Linguistic Variation 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.00001.mas.
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van Rooy, Bertus, Lize Terblanche, Christoph Haase, and Josef J. Schmied. "Register differentiation in East African English." English World-Wide 31, no. 3 (October 11, 2010): 311–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.31.3.04van.
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The article examines register variation in East African English by submitting the East African component of the International Corpus of English (ICE) to a complete multidimensional analysis (Biber 1988). A six-factor model was extracted using 67 linguistic features (Biber 1988). The results show that the extent of register variation is not less in ICE-East Africa than in Biber (1988). However, East African English displays unique stylistic features across registers. The overall effect is that East African English leans more towards the formal side (especially Dimensions 3, 5 and 6). There is a strong emphasis on the involvement of the addressee, more formal features for the encoding of information, and delineation of reference by textual rather than contextual means, even when the information is not very abstract. The paper establishes a baseline of the extent of register variation in East African English, and identifies certain typical features across all registers.
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Egbert, Jesse, and Douglas Biber. "Do all roads lead to Rome?: Modeling register variation with factor analysis and discriminant analysis." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 14, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 233–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2016-0016.
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Abstract Previous theoretical and empirical research on register variation has argued that linguistic co-occurrence patterns have a highly systematic relationship to register differences, because they both share the same functional underpinnings. The goal of this study is to test this claim through a comparison of two statistical techniques that have been used to describe register variation: factor analysis (as used in Multi-Dimensional analysis, MDA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). MDA and CDA have different statistical bases and thus give priority to different analytical considerations: linguistic co-occurrence in the case of MDA and the prediction of register differences in the case of CDA. Thus, there is no statistical reason to expect that the two techniques, if applied to the same corpus, will produce similar results. We hypothesize that although MDA and CDA approach register variation from opposite sides, they will produce similar results because both types of statistical patterns are motivated by underlying discourse functions. The present paper tests this claim through a case-study analysis of variation among web registers, applying MDA and CDA to analyze register variation in the same corpus of texts.
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Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt. "Register in variationist linguistics." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18006.szm.
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Abstract Benedikt Szmrecsanyi, Professor of Linguistics in the Quantitative Lexicology and Variational Linguistics research group at the Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, writes this article exploring the connections between register and variationist linguistics. He is involved with various large-scale research projects in areas such as probabilistic grammar, variationist sociolinguistic research, linguistic complexity, and dialectology/dialectometry. Szmrecsanyi’s books include Grammatical Variation in British English Dialects: A Study in Corpus-based Dialectometry (2013, Cambridge) and Aggregating Dialectology, Typology, and Register Analysis: Linguistic Variation in Text and Speech (Szmrecsanyi & Wälchli 2014, Mouton de Gruyter). He is currently a principal investigator on a major grant-funded research project titled ‘The register-specificity of probabilistic grammatical knowledge in English and Dutch’, a project aimed at exploring the question of whether register differences lead to differences in the processes of making linguistic choices. In sharp contrast to the status quo in variationist linguistics, where register is often ignored entirely, much of Szmrecsanyi’s variationist research treats register as a variable of primary importance. The findings from these studies have led Benedikt Szmrecsanyi to state that “we need more empirical/variationist work to explore the differences that register makes” (Szmrecsanyi 2017: 696).
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Smith, Nicholas, and Cathleen Waters. "Variation and change in a specialized register." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 24, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 169–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17117.smi.
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Abstract Corpus-based studies of specialized registers typically sample texts using random methods as far as possible, but they disregard social characteristics of the speakers/writers. In contrast, in corpus-based studies of conversation and quantitative sociolinguistic studies, sampling is more typically designed to optimize social representation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare linguistic outcomes from random versus sociolinguistic sampling in a specialized register. Our data comes from the biographical radio chat show, Desert Island Discs (DID), at different points in time. We constructed two versions of a DID corpus: a sociolinguistic judgment sample based on guest demographics, and a random sample. We compare grammatical usage between them using an inductive (‘key POS-tags’) method and close manual analysis, uncovering some evidence of significant grammatical differences between the samples and differing patterns of diachronic change. We discuss the implications of our research for corpus design, representativeness and analysis in specialized registers.
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Goulart, Larissa, Bethany Gray, Shelley Staples, Amanda Black, Aisha Shelton, Douglas Biber, Jesse Egbert, and Stacey Wizner. "Linguistic Perspectives on Register." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012644.
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Language users change their written and spoken language according to the situational characteristics and communicative purpose of production—that is, according to the register being produced. Research on registers has focused on register description or patterns of register variation, on detailed analysis of individual linguistic features or an account for the use of a broad range of linguistic features, and on the distinction between written and spoken registers. In this review, we survey register studies according to the register being investigated: spoken, written, electronic/online, literary, or historical. This survey also shows that recent register studies have focused on more specialized written and spoken domains and that the use of corpus linguistics tools and advanced statistical methods such as multidimensional analysis has allowed for broad analyses of the language used in different registers. Finally, we point to areas of register research that need further investigation.
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Plag, Ingo, Christiane Dalton-Puffer, and Harald Baayen. "Morphological productivity across speech and writing." English Language and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (November 1999): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674399000222.
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Claims about the productivity of a given affix are generally made without differentiating productivity according to type of discourse, although it is commonly assumed that certain kinds of derivational suffixes are more pertinent in certain kinds of texts than in others. Conversely, studies in register variation have paid very little attention to the role derivational morphology may play in register variation.This paper explores the relation between register variation and derivational morphology through a quantitative investigation of the productivity of a number of English derivational suffixes across three types of discourse in the British National Corpus (written language, context-governed spoken language, and everyday conversations). Three main points emerge from the analysis. First, within a single register, different suffixes may differ enormously in their productivity, even if structurally they are constrained to a similar extent. Second, across the three registers under investigation a given suffix may display vast differences in productivity. Third, the register variation of suffixes is not uniform, i.e. there are suffixes that show differences in productivity across registers while other suffixes do not, or do so to a lesser extent. We offer some tentative explanations for these findings and discuss the implications for morphological theory.
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Noorahim, Wenny. "ONLINE SHOPPING REGISTERS ON SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS (REGISTER JUAL BELI ONLINE PADA APLIKASI MEDIA SOSIAL)." JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v8i1.4811.
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AbstractOnline Shopping Registers on Social Media Applications. Registers is a variation of language used ina particular field in which applied in the use of selling and purchasing transaction language. Therefore,this study examines (1) the process of morphology registers in online shopping, (2) the registers syntaxstructure in online shopping, and (3) the variations of registers stylistic form in the online shopping onsocial media application. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach. Data and source of data ofthis research is in a written speech form which taken from sellers and buyers who communicate duringonline shopping transaction. Data collection technique uses observation method through intensivereading and writing techniques. Data analysis techniques of this research are through three steps suchas reduction data, presentation data and conclusion. The results obtained are as follows. First, themorphology process found in the registers includes (1) affixation, (2) reduplication, (3) composition, and(4) abbreviation. Second, the syntactic structure found in the register is in the form of ellipsis sentenceswith the subject delegation, predicate and subject with predicate. Third, the form of stylistic variationsfound in the registers include (1) code mixing, (2) interference, and (3) the use of casual variety.Key words: registers, registers morphology, registers syntax, variations of registers stylisticAbstrakRegister Jual Beli Online pada Aplikasi Media Sosial. Register merupakan variasi bahasa yangdigunakan dalam bidang tertentu yang salah satunya penggunaan bahasa dalam jual beli. Olehsebab itu, penelitian ini mengkaji tentang (1) proses morfologis register jual beli online, (2) struktursintaksis register jual beli online, dan (3) wujud variasi stilistik register jual beli online pada beberapaaplikasi media sosial. Peneltian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data dan sumberdata penelitian ini ialah tuturan tertulis dari penjual dan pembeli yang berkomunikasi selama prosesjual beli online berlangsung. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode simak melalui teknikpembacaan intensif dan pencatatan. Teknik analisis data melalui langkah reduksi data, penyajian datadan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, prosesmorfologis yang ditemukan meliputi; (1) afiksasi, (2) reduplikasi, (3) komposisi, dan (4) abreviasi.Kedua, struktur sintaksis yang ditemukan berupa kalimat elipsis dengan pelesapan subjek, predikatserta subjek dan predikat. Ketiga, wujud variasi stilistik yang ditemukan meliputi; (1) campur kode, (2)interferensi, dan (3) penggunaan ragam santai.Kata-kata kunci: register, morfologis register, sintaksis register, variasi stilistik register
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Argamon, Shlomo Engelson. "Register in computational language research." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 100–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18015.arg.
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Abstract Shlomo Argamon is Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Master of Data Science Program at the Illinois Institute of Technology (USA). In this article, he reflects on the current and potential relationship between register and the field of computational linguistics. He applies his expertise in computational linguistics and machine learning to a variety of problems in natural language processing. These include stylistic variation, forensic linguistics, authorship attribution, and biomedical informatics. He is particularly interested in the linguistic structures used by speakers and writers, including linguistic choices that are influenced by social variables such as age, gender, and register, as well as linguistic choices that are unique or distinctive to the style of individual authors. Argamon has been a pioneer in computational linguistics and NLP research in his efforts to account for and explore register variation. His computational linguistic research on register draws inspiration from Systemic Functional Linguistics, Biber’s multi-dimensional approach to register variation, as well as his own extensive experience accounting for variation within and across text types and authors. Argamon has applied computational methods to text classification and description across registers – including blogs, academic disciplines, and news writing – as well as the interaction between register and other social variables, such as age and gender. His cutting-edge research in these areas is certain to have a lasting impact on the future of computational linguistics and NLP.
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Sardinha, Tony Berber, Carlos Kauffmann, and Cristina Mayer Acunzo. "A multi-dimensional analysis of register variation in Brazilian Portuguese." Corpora 9, no. 2 (November 2014): 239–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2014.0059.
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In this paper, we present a Multi-Dimensional analysis of Brazilian Portuguese, based on a large, diverse corpus comprising forty-eight different spoken and written registers. Previous research in MD analysis includes multi-register investigations of a range of languages, including English, Spanish, Somali and Korean, among others. At the same time, a large body of literature on text varieties in Brazilian Portuguese exists, but previous research focusses on specific aspects of one, or at the most, a few varieties at a time and, therefore, does not present a comprehensive picture of register use in the linguistic community of Brazilian Portuguese speakers. In this study, we attempt to fill this gap by employing the MD framework, enabling researchers to account for a large number of different registers, based on a wide repertory of linguistic features. The analysis revealed six dimensions of variation, which are presented, illustrated and discussed here.
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Toufexis, Notis. "Diglossia and register variation in Medieval Greek." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 32, no. 2 (September 2008): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174962508x322687.
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Cvrček, Václav, Zuzana Laubeová, David Lukeš, Petra Poukarová, Anna Řehořková, and Adrian Jan Zasina. "Author and register as sources of variation." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 461–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19020.cvr.
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Abstract This paper investigates the contribution of author/idiolect vs. register/type-of-text – as the most salient factors influencing the final shape of a text – towards explaining the variation observed in Czech texts. Since it is almost impossible to explore the effect of these factors on authentic data, we used elicited letters collected in a fully crossed experimental design (representative sample of 200 authors × four elicitation scenarios serving as a proxy to register variation). The variation encompassed by the elicited texts is analyzed through the lens of a general-purpose multi-dimensional model of Czech. Using triangulation via three established statistical methods and one devised for the purpose of this study, we find that register matters a great deal, explaining 1.5 times as much variation overall as idiolect. This should be taken into account when designing research in sociolinguistics or variation studies in general.
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Sailaja, P. "Chandrika Balasubramanian: Register Variation in Indian English." Applied Linguistics 32, no. 2 (February 17, 2011): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amr008.
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Haegeman, Liliane. "Register Variation in English: Some Theoretical Observations." Journal of English Linguistics 20, no. 2 (October 1987): 230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542428702000207.
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Zhiming, Bao, and Hong Huaqing. "Diglossia and register variation in Singapore English." World Englishes 25, no. 1 (February 2006): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0083-2919.2006.00449.x.
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Azher, Musarrat, Muhammad Asim Mehmood, and Syed Imran Shah. "Linguistic Variation across Research Sections of Pakistan Academic Writing: A Multidimensional Analysis." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n1p30.
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With the concept of language variation, it has become utmost important to analyze linguistic patterns across register. Pakistani academic writing like other registers in Pakistan is an area that still seeks the attention of the researchers and linguists. This target register needs to be fully described in terms of linguistic characteristics to strengthen the distinct identity of Pakistani academic writing as a register. The present research strives to explore linguistic variation across research sections of Pakistani academic writing as a register along with five new textual dimensions explored through the technique of Multidimensional analysis (Azher & Mehmood, 2016). The research is based on the corpus of 235 M. Phil and PhD research dissertations taken from different universities all over Pakistan. The corpus was further divided into five research sections and was tagged for 189 linguistic features. The ANOVA results on variation among research sections indicate that there lie statistically significant differences among research sections of Pakistani Academic Writing on all the new textual dimensions.
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Pountain, Christopher J. "Towards a history of register in Spanish." Language Variation and Change 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2006): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.3.1.03pou.
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Although the significance of many other dimensions of variation in the data of Spanish historical linguistics is well recognised, the importance of studying variation in register has been underestimated and its feasibility questioned. This is in striking contrast to English historical linguistics, in which the study of register on the basis of electronic corpora is comparatively far advanced. This paper is a small-scale investigation of a 15th-century Spanish text, Arcipreste de Talavera o Corbacho (hereinafter referred to as Corbacho), whose author is clearly making an attempt to represent, perhaps stereotypically, different contemporary registers. It shows how, through a combination of statistical analysis and philological sensitivity, register-based linguistic variables can be recovered from a relatively short, multi-register text.
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Ferreira, Alfredo A., and Sandra Zappa-Hollman. "Disciplinary registers in a first-year program." Language, Context and Text 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 148–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00007.fer.
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Abstract With notable exceptions, few studies of teaching and learning of scholarly registers and genres to users of English as an additional language focus on curriculum. For a contextualized understanding of register-curriculum relations, this study investigates disciplinary registers in the Academic English Program at Vantage College, a new alternative-entry, first-year program at the University of British Columbia, Canada. In integrating content and language instruction, the curriculum adopts systemic functional linguistics as the informing theory of language. Program registers and their relations are investigated using Matthiessen’s (2015) context-based register typology. This novel case study highlights register-curriculum relations in key aspects, including discipline-specific variation in register instruction, planned learning trajectories, faculty collaborations, and relations between English for general and specific academic purposes.
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Nunnally, Thomas E., and Douglas Biber. "Dimensions of Register Variation: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison." Language 75, no. 1 (March 1999): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417491.
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Yaeger-Dror, Malcah. "Register and prosodic variation, a cross language comparison." Journal of Pragmatics 34, no. 10-11 (October 2002): 1495–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(02)00069-3.
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Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel Ángel, and Maribel Tercedor Sánchez. "Lexical variation, register and explicitation in medical translation." Translation and Interpreting Studies 12, no. 3 (November 23, 2017): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.12.3.03jim.
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Abstract Differences in register, lexical use, syntactic shifts or determinologization strategies between source and target medical texts can produce usability or comprehensibility issues (Askehave and Zethsen 2000a; Tercedor and López 2012; Nisbeth Zethsen and Jensen 2012; Alarcón, López-Rodríguez, and Tercedor 2016). This study analyzes differences in lexical variation between translated and non-translated online medical texts resulting in potential register shifts, also known as “register mismatches” (Pilegaard 1997). The study uses a corpus methodology to compare (1) the frequency of Latin-Greek (LG) terms in translated medical websites in the USA and in similar non-translated texts in Spain and Latin America, and (2) the frequency of determinologization and explicitation of LG terms in both textual populations. The results show that US medical websites translated into Spanish show lower frequencies of LG terms and higher frequencies of reformulation strategies than similar non-translated ones; they are partly explained through the process of interference from source texts.
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Chand, Vineeta. "Register Variation in Indian English by Chandrika Balasubramanian." World Englishes 30, no. 1 (February 20, 2011): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2010.01694.x.
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Harford, Carolyn, and Gloria B. Malambe. "Optimal register variation: High vowel elision in siSwati." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 33, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2015.1108786.
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Hale, Sandra. "The Treatment of Register Variation in Court Interpreting." Translator 3, no. 1 (April 1997): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556509.1997.10798987.
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Goulart, Larissa. "Register variation in L1 and L2 student writing." Register Studies 3, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.20012.gou.
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Abstract While there have been many studies describing L2 academic writing, most of these studies have used corpora of first year or assessment writing (Crosthwaite 2016; Weigle & Friginal 2014). The present study seeks to describe linguistic variation in L2 writing for content classes and to compare these linguistic patterns to those found in L1 writing. A multi-dimensional (MD) analysis was conducted in two corpora, BAWE and BrAWE, extracting five dimensions. The L2 corpus contained 379 texts written by Brazilian students doing part of their undergrad in the UK and the L1 corpus contained 395 texts from BAWE. The results of this study indicate that L1 and L2 writers use similar linguistic resources to convey the purpose of university registers, with the exception of case studies, designs, exercises and research reports. This linguistic variation between L1 and L2 writers might be explained by students’ interpretation of these registers’ communicative purposes.
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Ravid, Dorit, and Ruth A. Berman. "Developing linguistic register across text types." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 1 (February 18, 2009): 108–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.04rav.
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The study considers the topic of linguistic register by examining how schoolchildren, adolescents, and adults vary the texts that they construct across the dimensions of modality (spoken/written discourse) and genre (narrative/expository discourse). Although register variation is presumably universal, it is realized in language-specific ways, and so our analysis focuses on Israeli Hebrew, a language that evolved under peculiar socio-historical circumstances. An original procedure for characterizing register — as low, neutral, or high — was applied to four text types produced by the same speaker-writers. We found that across all age groups, “neutral” items constituted the bulk of the material, and that the lexicon accounted for some 80% of variation. Developmentally, we found that acquisition of fully flexible register variation continues beyond adolescence. Finally, we observed that text types range on a cline from everyday colloquial usage in oral narratives to more formal, high-level language in written expository essays. These results are discussed in light of their implications for the nature of register variation, later language development, and the sociolinguistics of contemporary Hebrew.
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Budiarsa, I. Made. "Language, Dialect And Register Sociolinguistic Perspective." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.1.2.42.379-387.
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Sociolinguistics pays attention to the social aspects of human language. Sociolinguistics discusses the relationship between language and society. In the following part of this paper, it will be focussed on the use of (1) language (2) dialects, (3) language variation, (4) social stratification, (5) register. This discussion talks about the five types of those topics because they are really problematic sort of things, which relate the social life of the local people. In relation to this, the most important point is to distinguish the terms from one to another. There are three main points to discuss: language, dialects and register. Languages which are used as medium of communication have many varieties. These language variations are created by the existence of social stratification in the community. Social stratification will determine the form of language use by the speakers who involve in the interaction. The language variation can be in the form of dialects and register. Dialect of a language correlates with such social factors such as socio-economic status, age, occupation of the speakers. Dialect is a variety of a particular language which is used by a particular group of speakers that is signaled by systematic markers such as syntactical, phonological, grammatical markers. Dialects which are normally found in the speech community may be in the forms of regional dialect and social dialect. Register is the variation of language according to the use. It means that where the language is used as a means of communication for certain purposes. It depends entirely on the domain of language used. It is also a function of all the other components of speech situation. A formal setting may condition a formal register, characterized by particular lexical items. The informal setting may be reflected in casual register that indicates less formal vocabulary, more non-standard features, greater instances of stigmatized variables, and so on.Keywords: language, dialect, register and sociolinguistic.
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Egbert, Jesse, and Michaela Mahlberg. "Fiction – one register or two?" Register Studies 2, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 72–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.19006.egb.
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Abstract In this paper our focus is on analyzing register variation within fiction, rather than between fiction and other registers. By working with subcorpora that separate text within and outside of quotation marks, we appromixate fictional speech and narration. This enables us to identify and compare linguistic features with regard to different situational contexts in the fictional world. We focus in particular on the novels of Charles Dickens and a reference corpus of other 19th-century fiction. Our main method for the register analysis is Multi-dimensional Analysis (MDA) for which we draw on altogether four dimensions from two previous MDAs. The linguistic distinctions we identify highlight similarities between fictional speech and involved registers such as face-to-face communication, and between narration and more informational and narrative prose. In addition to the detailed information on register features that characterize speech and narration, the paper raises more general questions about the ability of register studies to deal with situational contexts within fiction.
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Chen, Meishan. "Is courtroom discourse an ‘oral’ or ‘literate’ register? The importance of sub-register." Discourse Studies 23, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445620982097.
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By applying Multi-Dimensional Analysis, this study has provided a thorough description of the lexico-grammatical characteristics of courtroom discourse to see to what extent it employs both linguistic features of oral registers and literate registers. In particular, this study focuses on language used in the four public sub-registers (opening statements, direct examinations, cross-examinations, closing arguments) of courtroom discourse and analyzes how oral/literate each sub-register is, instead of characterizing courtroom discourse as oral/literate overall. Detailed interpretation of results focuses on Dimension 1 (involved and interactive vs. informational production) and 2 (narrative vs. non-narrative discourse) as these two dimensions are identified as universal parameters of register variation (Biber, 2014). A corpus of high-profile courtroom trials was compiled for this study that includes the O. J. Simpson criminal trial, the Boston Marathon bombing trial, and the Oklahoma bombing trial.
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Kaneyasu, Michiko, and Minako Kuhara. "Regularity and variation in Japanese recipes." Register Studies 2, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 37–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18014.kan.
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Abstract This paper investigates the similarities and differences between three sub-registers of Japanese recipe texts: cookbook recipes, online commercial recipes written/edited by professionals, and online user-generated recipes. Past studies on Japanese recipes do not distinguish different sub-registers, and they tend to focus on a single feature. The present study of the sub-registers examines a group of frequently appearing linguistic features and uncovers functional links between observed features and situational characteristics. The comparative perspective contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Japanese recipe language as well as universal and language-specific aspects of register variation. Shared traits among the three sub-registers are tied to the common topic of cooking and the central purpose of providing easy-to-follow food preparation instructions. Varied linguistic and textual features are motivated by different production circumstances, mediums, and relations among the participants. Professionally edited cookbook and online commercial recipes show a much higher uniformity in their grammatical features than unedited/self-edited user-generated recipes. Online sub-registers share a role of serving as a repository and reference center for numerous recipes and related information. Relationships among writers, readers, and other participants such as publishers and site organizers differ among all three sub-registers, resulting in some unique linguistic patterns.
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Biber, Douglas, Mark Davies, James K. Jones, and Nicole Tracy-Ventura. "Spoken and written register variation in Spanish: A multi-dimensional analysis." Corpora 1, no. 1 (May 2006): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2006.1.1.1.
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There have been few comprehensive analyses of register variation conducted in a European language other than English. Spanish provides an ideal test case for such a study: Spanish is a major international language with a long social history of literacy, and it is a Romance language, with interesting linguistic similarities to, and differences from, English. The present study uses Multi-Dimensional (MD) analysis to investigate the distribution of a large set of linguistic features in a wide range of spoken and written registers: 146 linguistic features in a twenty-million words corpus taken from nineteen spoken and written registers. Six primary dimensions of variation are identified and interpreted in linguistic and functional terms. Some of these dimensions are specialised, without obvious counterparts in the MD analyses of other languages (e.g., a dimension related to discourse with a counterfactual focus). However, other Spanish dimensions correspond closely to dimensions identified for other languages, reflecting functional considerations such as interactiveness, personal stance, informational density, argumentation, and a narrative focus.
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Aniuranti, Asfi. "Exploring Register Variation in Korean Popular Music (K-Pop)." NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 1, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/notion.v1i2.887.
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In sociolinguistics, language varieties are one of interesting topics discussed, and among those varieties, there is a variety called register. This study itself investigates one of register features namely English terms in Korean Popular Music (K-Pop). The topic is chosen due to the high number of English terms in K-Pop (at least 105 terms) and the difficulties in understanding their meanings. The objectives of this study are (1) describing the form of the terms, (2) describing the formation of the terms, and (3) explaining the specificity of the meanings by comparing the meanings of the terms with the meanings on the dictionary. This study was conducted through several phases called data gathering, data analysis and result presentation of data analysis. Overall, the results reveal several prominent findings. First, most of the terms are in a form of word, meanwhile the terms in phrase are limited. Second, there are several types of term manufacturing, and the most dominant one is compounding. Third, most of the terms’ meanings have been changed from meanings on the dictionary, and they are classified as semantic narrowing.
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Barbieri, Federica. "Involvement in University Classroom Discourse: Register Variation and Interactivity." Applied Linguistics 36, no. 2 (November 13, 2013): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amt030.
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