Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régression en design aléatoire'
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Gaïffas, Stéphane. "Régression non-paramétrique et information spatialement inhomogène." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011261.
Full textGaiffas, Stéphane. "Régression non-paramétrique et information spatialement inhomogène." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011261.
Full textdonnées bruitées spatialement inhomogènes (données dont la quantité
varie sur le domaine d'estimation). Le prototype d'étude est le modèle
de régression avec design aléatoire. Notre objectif est de comprendre
les conséquences du caractère inhomogène des données sur le problème
d'estimation dans le cadre d'étude minimax. Nous adoptons deux points
de vue : local et global. Du point de vue local, nous nous intéressons
à l'estimation de la régression en un point avec peu ou beaucoup de
données. En traduisant cette propriété par différentes hypothèses sur
le comportement local de la densité du design, nous obtenons toute une
gamme de nouvelles vitesses minimax ponctuelles, comprenant des
vitesses très lentes et des vitesses très rapides. Puis, nous
construisons une procédure adaptative en la régularité de la
régression, et nous montrons qu'elle converge avec la vitesse minimax
à laquelle s'ajoute un coût minimal pour l'adaptation locale. Du point
de vue global, nous nous intéressons à l'estimation de la régression
en perte uniforme. Nous proposons des estimateurs qui convergent avec
des vitesses dépendantes de l'espace, lesquelles rendent compte du
caractère inhomogène de l'information dans le modèle. Nous montrons
l'optimalité spatiale de ces vitesses, qui consiste en un renforcement
de la borne inférieure minimax classique pour la perte uniforme. Nous
construisons notamment un estimateur asymptotiquement exact sur une
boule de Hölder de régularité quelconque, ainsi qu'une bande de
confiance dont la largeur s'adapte à la quantité locale de données.
Monnier, Jean-Baptiste. "Quelques contributions en classification, régression et étude d'un problème inverse en finance." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650930.
Full textNguyen, Ngoc Bien. "Adaptation via des inéqualités d'oracle dans le modèle de regression avec design aléatoire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4716/document.
Full textFrom the observation Z(n) = {(Xi, Yi), i = 1, ..., n} satisfying Yi = f(Xi) + ζi, we would like to approximate the function f. This problem will be considered in two cases of loss function, Ls-risk and uniform risk, where the condition imposed on the distribution of the noise ζi is of bounded moment and of type sub-gaussian, respectively. From a proposed family of kernel estimators, we construct a procedure, which is initialized by Goldenshluger and Lepski, to choose in this family a final estimator, with no any assumption imposed on f. Then, we show that this estimator satisfies an oracle inequality which implies the minimax and minimax adaptive estimation over the anisotropic Hölder classes
Pham, Ngoc Thanh Mai. "Problèmes inverses et analyse en ondelettes adaptées." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439112.
Full textWiller, Thomas. "Estimation non paramétrique et problèmes inverses." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121197.
Full textl'estimation non paramétrique pour les problèmes inverses, où une
fonction inconnue subit une transformation par un opérateur
linéaire mal posé, et où l'on en observe une version bruitée par
une erreur aléatoire additive. Dans ce type de problèmes, les
méthodes d'ondelettes sont très utiles, et ont été largement
étudiées. Les méthodes développées dans cette thèse s'en
inspirent, mais consistent à s'écarter des bases d'ondelettes
"classiques", ce qui permet d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives
théoriques et pratiques. Dans l'essentiel de la thèse, on utilise
un modèle de type bruit blanc. On construit des estimateurs
utilisant des bases qui d'une part sont adaptées à l'opérateur, et
d'autre part possèdent des propriétés analogues à celles des
ondelettes. On en étudie les propriétés minimax dans un cadre
large, et l'on implémente ces méthodes afin d'en étudier leurs
performances pratiques. Dans une dernière partie, on utilise un
modèle de regression en design aléatoire, et on étudie les
performances numériques d'un estimateur reposant sur la
déformation des bases d'ondelettes.
Picard, Céline. "Le design aléatoire : une nouvelle approche conceptuelle du design d'objet." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30067.
Full textA few designers have find a new conceptual and productive way to get out of a large industrial and standardized mass production, but also to get away from an over consumption that tends to disembody the customer. They try to set up design into an unrestricted, less rationalist and therfore more creative prespective. Introducing some part of chance, out of control, based on two distinctive principles, generates non-standard objects. First of all, introducing some part of chance is already envisaged during the production process (« finished aleatory design »). In the second instance, introducing some part of chance takes place once the object is in the hands of the customer who gives it its final touch (« unfinished aleatory design »). In both situations, the designer is not able to describe exactly the final form of his own creation/artwork. These two approaches are getting far from well-known design approach, but furthermore all these objects can be considered as Art and no more as functional products. Undoubtedly transverse, « aleatory design » questions the role of the designer as well as the limits of objects designing
Mauk, Pheakdei. "Modélisation mathématique du micro-crédit." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942553.
Full textScornet, Erwan. "Apprentissage et forêts aléatoires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066533/document.
Full textThis is devoted to a nonparametric estimation method called random forests, introduced by Breiman in 2001. Extensively used in a variety of areas, random forests exhibit good empirical performance and can handle massive data sets. However, the mathematical forces driving the algorithm remain largely unknown. After reviewing theoretical literature, we focus on the link between infinite forests (theoretically analyzed) and finite forests (used in practice) aiming at narrowing the gap between theory and practice. In particular, we propose a way to select the number of trees such that the errors of finite and infinite forests are similar. On the other hand, we study quantile forests, a type of algorithms close in spirit to Breiman's forests. In this context, we prove the benefit of trees aggregation: while each tree of quantile forest is not consistent, with a proper subsampling step, the forest is. Next, we show the connection between forests and some particular kernel estimates, which can be made explicit in some cases. We also establish upper bounds on the rate of convergence for these kernel estimates. Then we demonstrate two theorems on the consistency of both pruned and unpruned Breiman forests. We stress the importance of subsampling to demonstrate the consistency of the unpruned Breiman's forests. At last, we present the results of a Dreamchallenge whose goal was to predict the toxicity of several compounds for several patients based on their genetic profile
Migliorati, Giovanni. "Approximation polynômiale par projection L2 discrète aléatoire et application aux problèmes inverses pour les EDP à coefficients stochastiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00879543.
Full textLy, Delphine. "Prédictions génomiques des interactions Génotype x Environnement à l'aide d'indicateurs agro-climatiques chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22669/document.
Full textIn a climate change context, assuring high and stable yield in more sustainable agricultural systems is a major challenge for plant breeding. We are aiming for future wheat varieties which will be heat and drought tolerant, and also productive in limited fertilization input environments. New prediction methods of the response to these stresses are needed to move forward. In this study, we first identified stresses that generated interactions between genotypes and environments (GxE) in our experimental trials and then developed a genomic model for adaptation to a particular environmental stress (Factorial Regression genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ou FR-gBLUP), in our case drought. This model hypothesizes that the more individuals are genetically close, the more their response to a stress will resemble. We used cross-validations to measure prediction accuracy gains compared to an additive model and observed gains between 3.5% and 15.4%. Besides, simulation studies showed that the more the variance explained by the responses to the stress is important, the more the FR-gBLUP model will improve the additive model. Furthermore, fine characterization of the stresses limiting the plants’ growth is required to predict varietal responses to a particular stress. We focused on the particular case of nitrogen stress in France. By establishing crop model based stress indicators and comparing them to classical indicators, such as the management system or the available nitrogen, we pointed out the interest of crop model to characterize GxE interactions and to predict the genomic response to nitrogen stress, as long as the GxE interaction signal is strong enough. Beyond the potential applications of these methods for breeding or recommendation for varieties more adapted or tolerant to environmental stresses, this study also raises the interest of coupling eco-physiological and genetics approaches
Chiplunkar, Ankit. "Intégration d'information a priori dans la régression de processus Gaussiens : Applications à l'ingénierie aéronautique." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0037/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose to build better Gaussian Process (GP) modelsby integrating the prior knowledge of Aircraft design with experimental data. Due tothe high cost of performing experiments on physical systems, models become an efficientmeans to designing physical systems. We demonstrate how to create efficient models byincorporating the prior information from engineering design, mainly by changing the covariancefunctions of the GP.We propose GP models to detect onset of non-linearity, detectmodal parameters and interpolate position of shock in aerodynamic experiments. Similarly,physical laws between multiple outputs can be enforced by manipulating the covariancefunctions, we propose to integrate flight-mechanics to better identify loads using thesemodels. For each application we compare the proposed model with the state-of-the-artmodel and demonstrate the cost or performance gains achieved
Bertin, Karine. "Estimation asymptotiquement exacte en norme sup de fonctions multidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008028.
Full textDe, Rainville François-Michel. "Design d'expérimentation interactif : Aide à la compréhension de systèmes complexes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27639/27639.pdf.
Full textAbdallah, Mouhammed. "Vulnérabilité des ouvrages en maçonnerie à des mouvements de terrain : méthodologie d'analyse par méthodes statistiques et par plans d'expériences numériques sur les données de la ville de Joeuf." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL019N/document.
Full textThe context of our study concerns ground movements that may occur in Lorraine as a result of mining subsidence events and their impact on traditional masonry houses. When such an event occurs, houses suffer disorders resulting from efforts in the structure caused by the movement of the ground. The response that characterizes the state of the structure depends on the geometrical, physical and mechanical characteristics. However, the discontinuous nature of the masonry and the interactions complexity between masonry blocks makes it difficult to determine that response. The same is true about the soil-structure interaction. The purpose of this research is to study, by numerical modelling with the distinct element method, experimental design planning and response surfaces, the behaviour of masonry structures subjected to a typical mining subsidence event and to define from this study some criteria making possible the estimation of the vulnerability of all the buildings of a city. A first simplified analysis describes the principle of the used methodology which is then applied to the study of all houses of the city of Joeuf, used as a pilot site. This methodology is based on an analysis of the total length of the opened joints, which are considered as similar to cracks in the structure. Then, a typology analysis helps first to distinguish 4 groups (types) of houses which have similar characteristics. On each of these groups, the methodology is applied consistently, based on the geometrical characteristics of the houses facades and then leads to the formulation of vulnerability functions that use the technique of orthogonal regression
Mfoihaya, Bédja. "Étude de l'exposition de la population française au champ magnétique 50 Hertz." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112368.
Full textThe magnetic fields (MF) at extremely low frequency (ELF) have been suspected, for around 30 years, to be responsible for several pathologies in humans, more precisely, childhood leukemia. The last collective assessment by international expert groups (WHO 2007,SCENHIR 2009) concluded that the last major questioning concerning ELF MF is the statistic correlation observed in several meta-analysis between the increase of childhood leukemia risk and a MF exposure higher than 0,4 µT in means over 24h (Ahlbom et al. , 2000), without any causal relation. To study the exposure of the French population to 50 Hz MF, two representative samples of this population (1000 adults and 1000 children) were created using random selection method. Each volunteer wore an EMDEX II measuring and recording MF during 24-hour period and progressively completed a timetable and a questionnaire containing specific information about himself and his home. When returning the measurement device, the pollster noted GPS coordinates at the front door of volunteer home, in order to identify afterwards electric networks near the home. To characterize mean exposures, nonparametric regression models were applied. They have allowed identifying among the data collected, the factors favoring a higher mean exposure. Each series of MF was then described by indicators and hierarchical clustering was applied. Three classes of exposure were defined. A logistic regression was used to identify factors favoring probability of belonging to the most exposed classes
Acuna, Diego. "Méthodes scientifiques de conception produit : Approche Franco-Américaine." Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0010.
Full textMawlawi, Baher. "Random access for dense networks : Design and Analysis of Multiband CSMA/CA." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0112/document.
Full textOpportunistic protocols are promising candidates for future wireless systems dedicated to machine to machine (M2M) communication. Such protocols are usually based on a random access with simple techniques of medium sensing and deferring to reduce collisions while avoiding the use of complex schedulers. Among different protocols, Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance with a Request-To-Send/Clear-To-Send (CSMA/CA-RTS/CTS) is an opportunistic protocol which could be adopted for M2M scenarios. Such approach is efficient to avoid collisions between data packets but in a very dense network, the random access used to send the RTS suffers itself from a high probability of collision which degrades the performance. In order to mitigate this effect, RTS collisions should be reduced. This thesis proposes to address this issue by splitting the common channel in sub-channels for transmitting the RTS messages. While the common channel is used as a whole for data transmission. Multiple nodes can then contend in time and frequency for these RTS sub-channels, thereby reducing RTS collisions and increasing overall efficiency. In this work, we thus derive a complete protocol solution relying on CSMA/CA - RTS/CTS multiplexing a multi-channel configuration for RTS messages and a unique channel for data transmission. An enhanced version based on users scheduling is integrated as well. In this thesis, the proposed protocol is investigated from a joint PHY-MAC point of view. This strategy is shown to provide better system performance particularly for loaded networks. An accurate analytical model derived as a straightforward extension of the Bianchi model is analyzed and validated by simulations. Performance in terms of saturation throughput, transmission delay and packet drop probability is discussed
Khan, Taj Muhammad. "Processor design-space exploration through fast simulation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691175.
Full textSabir, Essaïd. "MAC protocols design and a cross-layered QoS framework for next generation wireless networks." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544071.
Full textSleem, Lama. "Design and implementation of lightweight and secure cryptographic algorithms for embedded devices." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD018.
Full textLiving in an era where new devices are astonishing considering their high capabilities, new visions and terms have emerged. Moving to smart phones, Wireless Sensor Networks, high-resolution cameras, pads and much more, has mandated the need to rethink the technological strategy that is used today. Starting from social media, where apparently everything is being exposed, moving to highly powerful surveillance cameras, in addition to real time health monitoring, it can be seen that a high amount of data is being stored in the Cloud and servers. This introduced a great challenge for their storage and transmission especially in the limited resourced platforms that are characterized by: (a) limited computing capabilities, (b) limited energy and source of power and (c) open infrastructures that transmit data over wireless unreliable networks. One of the extensively studied platforms is the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks which tends to have many limitations concerning the security field. In this dissertation, we focus on improving the security of transmitted multimedia contents in different limited platforms, while preserving a high security level. Limitations of these platforms are taken into consideration while enhancing the execution time of the secure cipher. Additionally, if the proposed cipher is to be used for images, the intrinsic voluminous and complex nature of the managed images is also taken into account. In the first part, we surveyed one of the limited platforms that is interesting for many researchers, which is the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. In order to pave the way for researchers to find new efficient security solutions, it is important to have one reference that can sum most of the recent works. It almost investigates every aspect in this field shedding the light over different aspects this platform possesses. Then, in order to propose any new security solution and validate its robustness and the level of randomness of the ciphered image, a simple and efficient test is proposed. This test proposes using the randomness tools, TestU01 and Practrand, in order to assure a high level of randomness. After running these tests on well known ciphers, some flaws were exposed. Proceeding to the next part, a novel proposal for enhancing the well-known ultra lightweight cipher scheme, Speck, is proposed. The main contribution of this work is to obtain a better version compared to Speck. In this proposal, 26 rounds in Speck were reduced to 7 rounds in Speck-R while enhancing the execution time by at least 50%. First, we validate that Speck-R meets the randomness tests that are previously proposed. Additionally, a dynamic substitution layer adds more security against key related attacks and highly fortifies the cipher. Speck-R was implemented on different limited arduino chips and in all cases, Speck-R was ahead of Speck. Then, in order to prove that this cipher can be used for securing images, especially in VANETS/IoV, where images can be extensively re/transmitted, several tests were exerted and results showed that Speck-R indeed possesses the high level of security desired in any trusted cipher. Extensive experiments validate our proposal from both security and performance point of views and demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme against the most-known types of attacks
Maillard, Odalric-Ambrym. "APPRENTISSAGE SÉQUENTIEL : Bandits, Statistique et Renforcement." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845410.
Full textSalameh, Farah. "Méthodes de modélisation statistique de la durée de vie des composants en génie électrique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16622/1/Salameh_Farah.pdf.
Full textPloé, Patrick. "Surrogate-based optimization of hydrofoil shapes using RANS simulations." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0012/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a practical hydrodynamic optimization framework for hydrofoil shape design. Automated simulation based optimization of hydrofoil is a challenging process. It may involve conflicting optimization objectives, but also impose a trade-off between the cost of numerical simulations and the limited budgets available for ship design. The optimization frameworkis based on sequential sampling and surrogate modeling. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is used to build a predictive model based on data issued from fluid simulations of selected hydrofoil geometries. The GPR model is then combined with other criteria into an acquisition function that isevaluated over the design space, to define new querypoints that are added to the data set in order to improve the model. A custom acquisition function is developed, based on GPR variance and cross validation of the data.A hydrofoil geometric modeler is also developed to automatically create the hydrofoil shapes based on the parameters determined by the optimizer. To complete the optimization loop, FINE/Marine, a RANS flow solver, is embedded into the framework to perform the fluid simulations. Optimization capabilities are tested on analytical test cases. The results show that the custom function is more robust than other existing acquisition functions when tested on difficult functions. The entire optimization framework is then tested on 2D hydrofoil sections and 3D hydrofoil optimization cases with free surface. In both cases, the optimization process performs well, resulting in optimized hydrofoil shapes and confirming the results obtained from the analytical test cases. However, the optimum is shown to be sensitive to operating conditions
Li, Ling. "Sequential Design of Experiments to Estimate a Probability of Failure." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765457.
Full textGhienne, Martin. "Conception et caractérisation de liaisons boulonnées pour la réduction robuste de vibrations de structures." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1146/document.
Full textPredictive models are needed to properly design assembled structures. The main issue with this kind of structure is to deal with non-linear phenomena as contact or friction while considering sources of uncertainties mainly responsible for the deviation between the effective behavior of the structure and results from deterministic simulations. This work aims to provide a pragmatic approach to characterize the vibrational behavior of light assembled structures considering the variability of parameters of the joints. This approach would be useful for robust design of solutions, such as solutions for damping vibrations, dedicated to assembled structures and taking into account the variability of the real behavior of each joint.In this work, the dynamical behavior of an actual light structure is studied in order to identify a "just sufficient" nominal model of the considered joints. A non intrusive approach is then proposed to reduce the vibrational stochastic model of a structure with random parameters is then proposed. This approach, referred as the SMR approach (for Stochastic Model Reduction approach), takes advantage of the order of variability of random eigenvectors which is usually lower than the variability of corresponding random eigenfrequencies. It then allows to significantly reduce the computational cost for a given accuracy to estimate the structure random eigenfrequencies. The cornerstone of this approach is to adapt the stochastic modeling to each random eigenfrequency depending on a global accuracy requirement on the whole set of sought random eigenfrequency. The key point is then to identify the stochastic model used for each configuration of random eigenfrequency. A computationally free indicator is then proposed. Finally, a stochastic mechanical model of the joints of the studied structure is proposed. The SMR approach is used in an optimization process based on the maximum likelihood principle to identify the parameters of this stochastic model. This last step allows to characterize the vibrational behavior of assembled structures involving many joints taking into account the variability of each joints. This work is then concluded by applying the proposed approach to the design of an original strategy for robust reduction of vibration of light structures
Tricaud, Clémence. "Essais en économie politique et publique." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX019.
Full textThis dissertation lies at the intersection of Political Economy and Public Economics. It combines quasi-experimental designs with administrative data to understand the determinants and consequences of citizen and policymaker behavior.The first two chapters, in collaboration with Vincent Pons, study the behavior of voters in elections. In Chapter 1, we assess the extent to which voters behave expressively or strategically and the consequences it has on electoral results. Using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) around the qualification threshold for the runoff of two-round elections in France, we compare electoral results when two or three candidates compete. We find that a third candidate's presence substantially increases participation and reduces the vote share of the top two candidates. Crucially, in about 1/5 of the elections, the presence of a third candidate causes the loss of the candidate among the top two that is ideologically closest to her. Hence, we show that the plurality rule often leads to suboptimal outcomes, because many voters value voting expressively over voting strategically.Chapter 2 investigates which type of information affects voter and candidate behavior, focusing on one specific piece of information: candidate rankings. Building on the data collected for the first project and digitizing electoral results for older elections, we isolate the impact of first-round rankings on second-round outcomes. We use an RDD in French local and parliamentary elections, where up to three or four candidates can qualify for the second round. Results show that arriving marginally first, second, or third in the first round has large effects on a candidate’s likelihood of running and winning in the second round. These results remain strong even when only two candidates qualify (and thus there is no need for coordination), suggesting that the desire to vote for the winner is an important driver of voter behavior.Chapter 3 studies the behavior of policymakers and seeks to understand mayors’ reluctance to cooperate over local public policies. Exploiting a 2010 reform in France that forced non-integrated municipalities to join an intermunicipal community, I assess the causal impact of integration on municipalities that were reluctant to cooperate. I provide new evidence that resistance is driven by local costs of integration: urban municipalities resisted integration to prevent further housing construction, while rural municipalities resisted to avoid losing local public services. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, I first find that municipalities forced to enter a community experienced a large increase in the number of building permits delivered per year. Consistent with NIMBYsm (Not In My BackYard) explaining urban municipalities' resistance, this effect is driven by high-demand and densely built municipalities, where a rise in construction is the most likely to create congestion. Second, exploiting new data on daycare facilities and public libraries, I show that rural municipalities forced to enter a community experienced a decrease in the number of facilities available in their territory. Finally, I find that resisting municipalities benefited from a greater access to public transport and higher fiscal revenues after integration, but that these benefits were not high enough to compensate for the costs of integration
Autin, Florent. "Point de vue maxiset en estimation non paramétrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008542.
Full textChen, Xiao. "Contrôle et optimisation de la perception humaine sur les vêtements virtuels par évaluation sensorielle et apprentissage de données expérimentales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10019/document.
Full textUnder the exacerbated worldwide competition, the mass customization or personalization of products is now becoming an important strategy for companies to enhance the perceived value of their products. However, the current online customization experiences are not fully satisfying for consumers because the choices are mostly limited to colors and motifs. The sensory fields of products, particularly the material’s appearance and hand as well as the garment fit are barely concerned.In my PhD research project, we have proposed a new collaborative design platform. It permits merchants, designers and consumers to have a new experience during the development of highly valued personalized garments without extra industrial costs. The construction of this platform consists of several parts. At first, we have selected, through a sensory experiment, an appropriate 3D garment CAD software in terms of rending quality. Then we have proposed an active leaning-based experimental design in order to find the most appropriate values of the fabric technical parameters permitting to minimize the overall perceptual difference between real and virtual fabrics in static and dynamic scenarios. Afterwards, we have quantitatively characterized the human perception on virtual garment by using a number of normalized sensory descriptors. These descriptors involve not only the appearance and the hand of the fabric but also the garment fit. The corresponding sensory data have been collected through two sensory experiments respectively. By learning from the experimental data, two models have been established. The first model permits to characterize the relationship between the appearance and hand perception of virtual fabrics and corresponding technical parameters that constitute the inputs of the 3D garment CAD software. The second model concerns the relationship between virtual garment fit perception and the pattern design parameters. These two models constitute the main components of the collaborative design platform. Using this platform, we have realized a number of garments meeting consumer’s personalized perceptual requirements
Djimeu, Wouabe Eric. "Essays on Civil War, HIV/AIDS, and Human capital in Sub-Saharan African Countries." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599616.
Full textGodzinski, Alexandre. "Three empirical essays on moral hazard identification in insurance." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0106.
Full textMoral hazard is a source of economic distortion. The classical prediction in a simple framework is that a better coverage leads to a lower effort. This thesis studies the extent to which this prediction is empirically verified in more complex settings. The first chapter focuses on health-related absences. The policy under study is the one-day waiting period for sick leave in the French central civil service. This less generous reimbursement policy notably aims at reducing absenteeism. It leads to a decrease in the prevalence of short-term absences. But it also leads to an increase in the prevalence of long-term absences. As a result, the prevalence of all health-related absences stay unchanged. The two following chapters focus on bonus-malus systems used by an Irish car insurer. The second chapter focuses of the introduction on a highly protecting state: the lifetime bonus protection. This protection is granted automatically and freely to insurees under restrictive conditions on past claims and seniority. Compared to the situation in which this protecting state does not exist, the claims rate of protected insurees increases, but the claims rate of unprotected insurees decreases, in the hope of being rewarded with the protection. The existence of the protection induces an intertemporal transfer. Insurees waive present utility by exerting more effort, so as to be rewarded with the protection and to enjoy more future utility due to lower future effort. The third chapter studies the reaction just after the insuree is rewarded with the lifetime bonus protection. The claims rate increases immediately, but only when the protection exists for some time. This suggests that the effect of an incentive change depends on its nature, but also on its context
Sasseville, Maxime. "Description des facteurs prédictifs de résultats d’une intervention de prévention et de gestion des maladies chroniques en contexte de soins première ligne." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6018.
Full textLochmann, Alexia. "Essays on the economics of migration and cultural identity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E018.
Full textThis dissertation aims at shedding light on the interplay between human mobility, cultural identity and globalization. The critical role that human mobility and cultural identity play in the history of economic development is undeniable, for both phenomena accompany humankind throughout space and time. The questions I answer in this dissertation intend to focus on three aspects of these phenomena, that are at the core of the current public debate. I address these questions using novel data, partly coming from recently digitized historical files in the context of this doctorate. I provide conceptual, historical and theoretical frames for each topic, while relying on rigorous state-of-the-art econometric methods to infer causality. Following an introduction on the economics of migration and diversity, the core of this dissertation comprises three research papers. The first paper evaluates the effects of language training on the economic integration of immigrants; the second highlights the role of cultural identity and economic factors when taking the decision to emigrate, and the third investigates the effects that misleading information can have on the formation of cultural identity
Dubourg, Vincent. "Méta-modèles adaptatifs pour l'analyse de fiabilité et l'optimisation sous contrainte fiabiliste." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697026.
Full textGstalter, Étienne. "Réduction d’ordre de modèle de crash automobile pour l’optimisation masse / prestations." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2576.
Full textThis thesis is a part of a global research work dedicated to reduced-order modelling applications in the Renault engineering direction. It's research topic has been improved in the IRT System)('s project on Reduced Order Model and Multi-disciplinary Optimization. Some previous thesis can help understand the context. ([Vuong], [Charrier]). The main industrial application of the research theme is the focus on a body structure, in a crash loading. Some research works on acoustic, combustion and aerodynamic are currently ongoing. This thesis is both a contribution to the generic ReCUR method, and its application to a car body structure optimization for crash loadings. Engineering teams at Renault uses optimization to obtain the best crash simulation, with a numerical optimization software, based on designs of experiments. It requires a lot of crash simulation because each simulation is considered as unique, with only one response for each parameter. Only Inputs and Outputs are known. The ReCUR method consider that each simulation is a huge mine that needs our attention. We hope that we can decrease the number of crash simulation required to compute a model, by using much more data for each simulation
Martínez, Vargas Danae Mirel. "Régression de Cox avec partitions latentes issues du modèle de Potts." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22552.
Full textGagnon, Philippe. "Sélection de modèles robuste : régression linéaire et algorithme à sauts réversibles." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20583.
Full textNambeu, Christian O. "Imputation en présence de données contenant des zéros." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4724.
Full textSingle imputation is often used in surveys to compensate for item nonresponse. In some cases, the variable requiring imputation contains a large amount of zeroes. This is especially frequent in business surveys that collect economic variables. In this thesis, we study the properties of two imputation procedures frequently used in practice and show that they lead to biased estimators, in general. Motivated by a mixture regression model, we then propose three imputation procedures and study their properties in terms of bias. For the proposed imputation procedures, we consider a jackknife variance estimator that is consistent for the true variance, provided the overall sampling fraction is negligible. Finally, we perform a simulation study to evaluate the performance of point and variance estimators in terms of relative bias and mean square error.
Morin, Léonard Ryo. "Traffic prediction and bilevel network design." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24801.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the modeling of traffic in road networks and its integration in optimization models. In the literature, these two topics have to a large extent evolved independently: traffic is predicted more accurately by increasingly complex mathematical models, but this progress has not been incorporated in network design models where road users play a crucial role. The goal of this work is to integrate random utility models calibrated with real data into bilevel optimization models through an efficient Benders decomposition. This particular decomposition generalizes to a wide class of problems commonly found in the literature and can be used to solved large-scale instances. The first article presents a general methodology to use GPS data gathered from a fleet of vehicles to estimate the parameters of a recursive logit demand model. The GPS traces are first matched to the arcs of a network through an algorithm taking into account various factors. The paths resulting from these sequences of arcs, along with their characteristics, are used to estimate parameters of a choice model. The parameters represent users' perception of each of these characteristics in regards to their path choice behaviour. The data used in this article comes from trucks used by a number of transportation companies operating mainly in the Montreal region. The second article addresses the integration of a random utility maximization model in a new bilevel formulation for the general flow capture problem. The proposed model allows for a representation of different user behaviors in regards to their path choice by defining appropriate arc utilities. These arc utilities are stochastic which further contributes in capturing real user behavior. This bilevel model is linearized through the inclusion of a Lagrangian term based on strong duality which paves the way for a particularly efficient Benders decomposition. The numerical experiments are mostly conducted on a network representing the city of Winnipeg which demonstrates the ability to solve problems of a relatively large size. The third article illustrates how the approach used in the second article can be generalized to a particular form of bilevel models which encompasses many different problems. The decomposition is first presented in a general setting and subsequently in a context where the lower level of the bilevel model is a shortest path problem. In order to demonstrate that this form is general, two distinct applications are adapted to fit the required form: hazmat transportation network design and general flow capture. A third application, joint network design and pricing, is also similarly explored in Appendix B of this thesis.