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Academic literature on the topic 'Régulation de transposons'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Régulation de transposons"
De, Vanssay Augustin. "Régulation de l'élément P chez Drosophila melanogaster, Trans-Silencing Effect et Paramutation." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066419.
Full textBrillet, Benjamin. "Activité de la transposase de l'élément mariner Mos1 : mise en place du complexe synaptique et régulation par phosphorylation." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4038.
Full textTempel, Sébastien. "Dynamique des hélitrons dans le génome d'arabidopsis thaliana : développement de nouvelles stratégies d'analyse des éléments transposables." Rennes 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185256.
Full textHelitrons are the main transposable element in Arabidopsis. We are developped a new syntactical model for detect them in genome. We have shown the relationship between autonomous and nonautonomous helitrons and discovered new families. Analysis of their internal sequence shows a strong variability. We have also created a new tool nammed DomainOrganizer which can visualize the modularity of nonautonomous transposable elements. This study have permit to understand the evolution of helitron family. Last, we have begin to understand the regulatory effect of helitrons
Durand-Dubief, Mickaël. "Régulations génétique et cellulaire par ARN interférence chez Trypanosoma brucei." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0010.
Full textRNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon discovered in 1998 in which the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in a cell leads to degradation of RNA of homologous sequence. RNAi is mediated by a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains short double stranded RNA and a member of a the Argonaute protein family. This thesis is focusing on RNAi in the protist Trypanosoma brucei. We first defined the degree of specificity and efficiency of RNAi generated after expression of dsRNA, parameters that were instrumental in the design of a software allowing selection of dsRNA for silencing experiments. Next, we searched for candidate genes coding for proteins potentially involved in RNAi. The best candidate is TbAGO1, a member of the Argonaute protein family characterised by an extra domain possibly involved in RNA binding. This gene is essential for RNAi. Its deletion leads to significant mitosis defects, that we established were due to defects in spindle formation and chromosome migration. A second phenotype in the absence of RNAi is the overexpression of retroposon (retrotransposons without LTR) transcripts, without a concomitant increase in retroposition. Both phenotypes are independent. We next demonstrated that presence of dsRNA leads to destruction of homologous RNA in the cytoplasm but could also induce transcriptional silencing of the corresponding gene. This type of mechanism could control expression of retroposons but also of genes in which these retro-elements are inserted
Nagy, Zita. "Des voies potentielles pour la régulation de la transposition des IS : spécificité de la séquence cible et la formation d'intermédiaires actives." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30235.
Full textDocquier, Mylène. "Caractérisation génétique d'un gène à effet maternel pléiotrope chez Drosophila melanogaster." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10037.
Full textDramard, Xavier. "Génétique moléculaire de la régulation épigénétique de l'activité d'un rétrotransposon de Drosophila melanogaster, le facteur I." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066138.
Full textDufourt, Jérémy. "Analyses des régulations épigénétiques des éléments transposables chez Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1MM03/document.
Full textTransposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences found in all living organisms, and able to move from one chromosomal site to another. They are source of mutations and therefore must be finely controlled by their hosts. To counteract their mobilization, genomes have developed regulatory mechanisms (RNAi) involving small RNAs including the best-known siRNAs. Recently two novel classes of small RNAs called piRNAs and endo-siRNAs have been reported in Drosophila. The piRNAs specifically trigger TE repression in reproductive tissues, composed by germ cells and somatic follicular cells. The endo-siRNAs control those in somatic tissues. It has been shown by our group that Idefix, a LTR retrotransposon, is regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism (PTGS). It implicates the piRNAs pathway and its major component, the PIWI protein, in reproductive tissues of Drosophila. By contrast, in the other Drosophila tissues, the regulation does not depend on the PIWI protein. During my PhD, I was interested to know if in addition to this PTGS, a transcriptional control (TGS) was necessary to control Drosophila TE in both the somatic and germinal tissues. By studying theregulations of sensor-transgenes carrying a reporter gene (GFP) and various fragments of ET acting as a target of the silencing pathways, I have shown that the post-transcriptional silencing is the only regulatory pathway targeting transposable elements in the Drosophila female germline. This regulation has a weakness early in the development of the ovaries that can lead to a mobilization of transposable elements under certain sensitized conditions. In somatic tissues I have shown that a transcriptional regulation is coupled to the PTGS. However, this transcriptional regulation has tissue specificity because it is only observed in somatic tissues of Drosophila outside of the ovaries, a PTGS with no TGS targeting TE in the somatic cells of the ovarian follicle
Bouchet, Nicolas. "Mécanismes de transposition et de régulation de la transposase de l'élément mariner Mos1." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4019/document.
Full textThe Mos1 mariner element is a Class II transposable element, encoding a transposase, which is the enzyme allowing them to move in the genomes. This transposase has a DDE catalytic core like the retroviral integrases. My work consisted in studying the Mos1 transposase, under different aspects. My results complete the model of transposition previously established in the laboratory and bring a new vision of the formation of synaptic complex, which allows excision of the transposon donor site. The DNA-binding of Mos1 transposase has also been identified as a CRO-like domain. Work on regulation of the activity of Mos1 transposase, which is phosphorylated, allowed me to expand the model of Mos1 transposition in a eukaryotic cell context. The engineering of the protein were also conducted and questions about the impact of host factors on Mos1 transposition. Inhibitors of Mos1 transposase have been identified and characterized. These compounds also inhibit HIV-1 integrase and an other DDE transposase
Nicolau, Mélody. "Caractérisation des protéines « Plant Mobile Domain » dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes et la répression des éléments transposables chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0019.
Full textWithin the eukaryotic nucleus, transcription, the first step in gene expression, is regulated by numerous factors and epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and chemical modifications of histones. Epigenetic modifications also play an essential role in the répression of repeated DNA sequences such as transposable elements (TEs) which, by their nature, can have deleterious effects on cell integrity. Thanks to a genetic screen conducted in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEM (MAIN) protein has recently been identified as necessary for the repression of TEs. MAIN belongs to the Plant Mobile Domain (PMD) family and has three close paralogues: MAIN-LIKE1 (MAIL1), MAIL2 and MAIL3. The aim of my thesis was to understand the roles and modes of action of these proteins whose cellular functions remain poorly understood. I was able to demonstrate that MAIN and MAIL1 interact physically together, but also with a putative phosphoprotein phosphatase named PP7L. Through transcriptomic analyses, I was able to show that many genes and TEs were commonly deregulated in MAIN, MAIL1 and pp7L, which is consistent with the identification of a MAIN/MAIL1/PP7L protein complex. I have also initiated biochemical experiments to determine the mode of action of MAIN and MAIL1 proteins, as well as transcriptome analyses of mail2 and mail3 mutants to better understand the role of these proteins in the cell