Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régulation des naissances – Maurice'
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Hillcoat-Nalletamby, Sarah. "La dynamique des pratiques contraceptives à l'île Maurice : changements récents." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H050.
Full textDuring the past twenty years, changes in contraceptive practices have arisen in Mauritius : a drop in prevalence levels and in the number of regular users; an increase in contraceptive drop-out rates. Our objective has been two-fold : to analyse the degree and type change at the macro-level of the total population; furthermore, to study the socio-culture al factors influencing practices, as observed at the micro-level of the community. We conclude that the changes observed are not, as might be considered, the indication of a growing resistance to contraception. We suggest that both the continuity and forms of such practices are influenced by the "interference" between three types of factors : cycles of investment in population policy influencing the supply of services; the problems posed for access to family planning services by poor living conditions : the influence upon contraceptive practices of individual and group values and attitudes concerning birth control
Aissaoui, Semmak Yamina. "La Régulation des naissances en Algérie." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0326.
Full textElzingre, Martine. "Régulation des naissances et règlement du féminin." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H073.
Full textThe first issue in this work was to study the social conditions of birth control and abortion (France 1980-84) data were collected among women patients and among gynecologists; questions were asked to women about their experience as young girls or mothers, and to doctors about their practice. Field work has been done in family planning services and clinics in hospitals located in 12 towns including Paris. This research shows that women are very often seen as having no brain, as being promiscuous and with no limits; they are treated as guilty because they use the pill and the abortion, by their family and by doctors, even if they have the right to do so. The new laws (1967 and 1975) show and reactivate the ideology of hate and reject towards women; they are the bad sex and no responsible subjects. This has already be shown in past history, in witchhunting and fascism during 20th century. This study shows how painfully women have to find their own and complex position as women and mothers, and how this is ignored and denied. They are treated as mechanical objects which should obey to birth control without having a life of their own. The relation between subject and object as it is conventionally established in science is examined and criticized. The problem of the status of the feminine in science and knowledge is identified and the social effects of the emotions coming from sexuality are shown through the subjectivity of the woman scientist
Courgeon, Patricia. "Connaître les différentes méthodes naturelles de régulation des naissances." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P116.
Full textSevegrand, Martine. "L'Église et les catholiques français devant la limitation des naissances : 1919-1969." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070007.
Full textThis thesis tackles the attirude of both clerical institution and church goers to birth limitation over half a century. In a traditionnaly malthusian country, the survey puts into light an ancient controversy. In the first part (1919-1930), the church doctrine, conjugal sexual behaviours and confessors' reactions are displayed. Conjugal onamism is a current practise. Moreover the survey shows that the clergy was divided and quite reluctant to entail the harsh rules from rome. The second part (1931-1954) is a study of the church attitude to the ogino method. The legitimacy given by pie xii of birth regulation through periodical continence didn't suppress however the growing unease of catholic militants. This question raises the relation the church and catholics have to sexuality. In the third part (1955-1968), the debate became public. This part demonstrates : 1 that the french public opinion waited for the pope's answer to the "pill"; 2 that this thelogical reflexion paved the way for an evolution of the catholic morale which attenuated the condamnation of contraception and was closes to the protestant stand. Lastly, the fourth part shows how the french protest against humanae vitae was lessened by the soothing directives given by french episcopale
Moussa, Mayaki Fatchima. "Effet des croyances, des normes et des valeurs sur le changement d’attitude : exemple de la planification familiale au Niger." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29009.
Full textThe present thesis was aimed at studying the factors likely to favor, - or on the contrary, curb - promotion of family planning policies in Nigeria. Current values, beliefs, and norms in Nigerian society, which are undoubtedly dominated by the strong presence of Islam in this country, are examined in relation to their impact on whether family planning is practiced. The main framework underlying the approach taken here is Aizen's (1985) theory of planned behavior (TPB), which offers a behavior-prediction model based on variables relevant to this study. The first section attempts to verity the power of the TPB model to predict the use of family planning (FP). The first four studies conducted in different contexts and on different samples showed that the TPB is able to predict practice of family planning, but only partially, because the results did not always coincide with the conclusions drawn from the model: some variables not foreseen by Aizen (e. G. , subjective norms) were found to have an impact, while others assumed to be important did not have a direct effect (e. G. , perceived control and intention). The second section presents five studies showing that the TPB is sensitive to various sociodemographic variables (gender, place of residency, years of schooling, distance from a health center), in some cases more than in others. Certain sociodemographic variables sometimes turned out to be better predictors than the initial variables of the model. The third section reports three studies aimed at examining the role of social and cultural representations (representations of notions like "child", "procreation", "man", and "woman") on whether or not family planning will be utilized, and also whether taking such representations into account improves the predictive power of the TPB model. The results indicated that these variables do in fact have an impact on family planning in Nigeria
Bella, Nicole. "De l'efficacité de la politique de population en matière de fécondité au Cameroun : quels enseignements tirer de l'expérience de la Thaïlande." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H055.
Full textThis thesis fits into a debate opened in 1988 by J. Caldwell and P. Calwell on the possibility to transpose the “Asian family planning program model” in Africa. As a matter of fact, from the established fact of the failure of population policies or their relatively limited results in Africa, the author, Nicole belle, wonders what means can be found in order to make the Cameroon population program effective. To answer to this question, she's chosen the Thailand experience as an Asian one likely to be gainful to Cameroon. Thailand is effectively one of the more extraordinary cases of successful family planning programs which has drawn attention of both scientists and a number of developing countries, the more so as the fertility decline that came of it, occured in moderately favorable economic and social conditions. Consequently, according to the author of this thesis, it's advisable to underline not only the role of socioeconomic development in the fertility transition in Thailand, but also the way of which the population policy has been implemented, and has responded to the population latent desire to control her birth, but also create a family planning demand where it was not manifest. The analysis of Cameroon fertility policy is then made in the light of Thailand experience in the field. The comparative approach that the author adopts allows her not only to place the differences between the two countries in a prominent, but also to draw some lessons that could permit to improve the population program in Cameroon
Régnier-Loilier, Arnaud. "Stratégies des couples en matière de fécondité : de la "fécondité naturelle" à "l'infécondabilité naturelle"." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-23-1.pdf.
Full textDicko, Aïssata. "Scolarisation des filles et planification des naissances au Mali : quelles interactions possibles, quels impacts?" Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20086.
Full textIn Mali, young girls are less sent to school than boys. This insufficiency of girls sent to school is linked to factors of social-cultural, religious, economic and institutional nature,what make us say that is a matter of handicap. Among the things that put a brake on girls' schooling, we have precocious pregnancies in the course of schooling that also make the mother and the child run sanitary risks. Also, the instruction of family planning was introduced to try to arrest this scourge. In this field the role of education is central as demonstrated the cases of young girls studied in this thesis, ( the results of the questionnaires, of the qualitative inquiry and the stories of life) as well as the work of distinguished researchers named all along this thesis. Schooling can encourage a young girl to practise family planning and that can contribute to keep her longer at school
Attané, Isabelle. "Resistance a la politique de limitation des naissances en milieu rural chinois depuis le debut des annees 1980." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0065.
Full textWith nearly 860 million people, china's rural population represents more than 70 per cent of the total population of the country. But the rural society remains traditionnal and meets slow social and economical changes. That is one of the reasons why family planning policy encounters great resistance among the rural population. This study focuses on the gap existing between marriage and fertility behaviours and birth limitation policy prescriptions in rural china since the eighties. But major disparities in demographic behaviours remain between the provinces. Provincial variations in demographic transition stages are first described. Then we focus on levels of resistance to family planning in each province (marriage before legal age, fertility higher than official prescriptions, high sex-ratio at birth. . . ). Finally, we highlight the social, economical and cultural factors influencing resistance to family planning policy
Michaud, Yves. "Le magistère romain et la planification des naissances, de 1965 à 1992." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29527/29527.pdf.
Full textTamboura-Diawara, Aïcha. "Communication et planification familiale au Burkina Faso." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30014.
Full textInformation, education and communication ( iec) are a medium to make couples practice family planning. The rate of contraceptive use is around 8,5 % in burkina faso. The multi-facetted survey conducted in the kadiogo province was spread over six months. The main findings show the following : - generally, people lack information or are overwhelmed with misleading for family planning information. - reception, bad services provides, shortages of contraceptives and the negative rumours are one of the major causes of interruption of the family planning practice. - there are rumours of the family plannings in all the fifteen neighbour, hoods visited in ouagadougou and their scope is wider in peri-urban and populated urban areas as well. - men are not a target group for female secal workers. 18. 704 women have consulted seven healthy units from 1985 to 1994 : 57,7 % are between 21 and 30 years of age ; 88,5 % have at least one child ; 42,9 % have not attended school and 58,5 % are housewives. - la periode covering 1984 to 1989 was marked by the predominance of "rumours" as a source of family planning information ; and 1990 to 1994 "health workers" are cited as the main information source. This fact leads to the conclusion that in the area of family planning, interpersonnal communictation is more likely to bring about some change in attitudes and even beharious
Boussada, Ourida. "Analyse de l'impact de la communication sociale : l'exemple de la planification familiale en Tunisie." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020081.
Full textSUN, MINGLEI. "La politique de population chinoise mise en place et conséquences démographiques : le cas de la région de Shanghai." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100094.
Full textMaamache-Ben, Cheikh Raoudha. "La législation islamique et le droit à la planification des naissances : le droit tunisien : entre tradition et modernité." Lyon 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO33019.
Full textBurafuta, Jean-Paul. "Les élites nationales face à la croissance démographique en rapport avec le développement socio-économique : cas du Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/55409.
Full textFassassi, Raïmi. "Pauvreté humaine et fécondité en Côte d'Ivoire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS008S.
Full textSananes, Paul. "Histoire, objectifs et activités de la Fédération internationale du Planning familial (I. P. P. F. ) : implications sociales, psychologiques, éthiques et démographiques : perspectives." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010618.
Full textNdiaye, Cheikh Amadou Tidiane. "Diffusion et pratique de la contraception en milieu rural sénégalais : cas de la zone d'étude de Niakhar." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40006.
Full textAnoh, Amoakon. "Emergence de la planification familiale en Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100094.
Full textThe present work discusses the effects of family planning supply and demand on the evolution of contraceptive methods use and contraceptive continuation. The analysis is conducted on the national level where family planning activities still diffused, then on regional level, in Aboisso which as experience a family planning pilot programme supported by UNFPA. On the national level, the evolution of Ivorian fertility policy and family planning activities which is linked were examined thought officials speeches and policy statement. The evolution of family planning demand and contraceptive use were studied using data from Ivorian fertility survey of 1980-1981 and the demography and health survey of years 1994 and 1998-1999. More meticulous study of family planning supply and demand is conducted in Aboisso using data from small scale survey based on quantitative and qualitative approach lead close to the programme beneficiaries and services allowances of family planning from 1998 to 1999, and data collected by the ENSEA and IRD in 1993 and 1995. The complementarily of the family planning supply and demand roles in the progression of the use of contraceptive methods and in the duration of contraceptive use was confirmed in both national and regional level. The effects of programmes are ambivalent since some element like availability, knowledge and economical cost of births regulation methods and services alter quickly in way that is favourable to the increase of the use of contraceptive methods while other elements like non economical costs of births regulation (social, medical and psychological) and services quality do not do so. This means that the major challenges which arise to the family planning programmes lies in quality of services and non economical costs of births regulation
Amégée, Kojopatapa. "Le recours à l'avortement provoqué au Togo : mesure et facteurs du phénomène." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40021.
Full textThis research in ends to define the importance of abortion in togo's methods of births' prevention. It has permitted to give a volume's measure of provoked abortions in that country. Valuing with accuracy this prevalence is a fastidious task, because of the subject's nature and in consideration of environment's specifics in which the phenomenon takes place. To succeed, and for the studies to be the most original as possible, we relied on three inquiries, including two which took place in three family planing centres, and the third one in a middle schoolgirl population. We have made the statement of family planing in togo and then studied the recourse of abortion. The context in which unfolds the phenomenon is distinguished by deep changes which shake the family and by evolution of family's structures towards several shapes of unpublished (new) organisations. Provoked abortion remains in togo a criminal act punished by the law of 1920 and by the one of may 16th 1984, relative to protection of girls and boys who are validly registered in school. Diffusion of contraception is done by two ways in togo, an informal one through the sale, on open markets and other places, of a large range of products supposed to be contraceptives and/or abortives, and a formal one owing to the distribution's modem circuit. Offer of planing is very insufficient compare to demand, especially for the one coming from young people. The most recommended methods and the most prescribed ones are injection, infra-uterine apparatus and norplant. Finally, we estimate, comparing all results, to one abortion in average per woman, the number of abortions submitted by women of 35 years old and more in togo. This number could increase to two if the contraceptive use don't get any better. We have also noticed an increase trend to abortion's recourse this last few years. However, we have to stress that the use of provoked abortion is huge for pregnant schoolgirls because of their fear to be compelled to leave school. This schoolgirls' frequency recourse can be considered as a maximum
Magnes, Éric. "La procréation dans le droit international de la santé." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10016.
Full textRodrigue, Isabelle. "Limiter les naissances : entre le modèle véhiculé par l'École sociale populaire et la réalité des couples québécois (1920-1940)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18272.
Full textDavila, Ana Luisa. "Le planning familial à Porto Rico : étude d'une communauté de San Juan aux revenus modestes." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA054112.
Full textBirth control is a fact in Puerto Rico since 1920. In the first part of this study demographic policies are related to the socio-economic development of the island. This section also includes a brief description of the demographic situation of Puerto Rico, the most important birth control policies and a short bibliographic revision on the subject. The second part of this dissertation presents an out-of-reach study of a low-income community in San Juan - capital of Puerto Rico. The purpose of this research is to describe the effects and consequences of the family planning programs in fertility patterns of low-income women. Several variables were considered in the analysis of the attitudes towards motherhood and contraception of these women: the number of children per woman, their educational level, number of unions, their contraceptive habits, their attitude towards sterilization, their migration experience, their attitudes towards working women and the fertility of their mothers, among other things. This study concludes with a brief analysis of the results and presents some conclusions on demographic policies in Puerto Rico
Blayo, Yves. "Des politiques démographiques en Chine." Paris, INALCO, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAL0001.
Full textAs early as 1953, the Chinese authorities adopted measures of population redistribution which were rapidly reduced to limitation of the population of cities and towns. The prohibition of rural migrations, de-urbanization measures, and alterations to the definition of urban population resulted in keeping its share in the total population at a low level from 1962 to 1979. A policy aiming at limiting population growth was implemented after much hesitation. Starting in 1971, prescribed reproductive norms, the ban of unauthorized pregnancies, compulsory marriage postponement and use of contraception contributed to reducing the period fertility mesures and accelerated the fertility decrease which has started at least 20 years earlier in marriage cohorts. Both policies bore on the new institutions of social life and the adminitrative and political system of control of the society set up by the new regime during the 50s. At the beginning of the 80s, economic and administrative reforms affected the efficiency of the management system, as cadres lost most of the means to put pressure on the population. This led to unretrained urbanization, the inability to implement the one-child policy in rural areas, impairment of registration of demographic events, and ondirectly to a deterioration of the status of women. The effects of the reforms finally call into question the results obtained at a high social cost during the previous decades
Belliot, Nicolas. "La fécondité en Bretagne aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40039.
Full textLasbeur, Linda. "Modes de contrôle de la fécondité en Afrique de l’Ouest : analyse comparative (Sénégal, Mali, Burkina Faso et Ghana)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100196.
Full textThis research focuses on fertility control and especially contraception in Western Africa (Mali, Senegal, Ghana and Burkina Faso), based on data from the D. H. S. We first describe the social and demographic characteristics of the women (residence and level of education) using the Bongaarts model. To comprehend why some sexually active and fertile women who wish to limit their number of children do not use contraceptive methods, we used the Lesthaeghe model. And to understand obstacles to birth control, we conducted group interviews in Senegal. Social characteristics do not account completely for attitudes towards birth control techniques. Individual experience can influence resorting to contraception and apprehending social interaction helps in comprehending social change
Ribeiro, Corossacz Valeria. "Le corps de la nation : classification raciale et gestion sociale de la reproduction dans un hôpital public de Rio de Janeiro." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0138.
Full textThe thesis examines reproduction as a site of Brazilian national identity. In particular it investigates the racial classification of new-borns and mothers in the medical environment and the social management of reproduction in reference to female sterilisation. The thesis explores the relationship between racism and racial democracy, and the dynamic between the discrimination of African descendants and the valorisation of métissage at the core of Brazilian national identity. Racial classification and female sterilisation are the sites where the link between individual and community is established by social actors in a discourse that refers to Brazil as a mixed community. This thesis is based on fieldwork in two public hospitals in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro. It also includes a sociological history of the categories of race, métissage, nation and reproduction, used to define the idea of community in the process of national identity formation in Brazil
Cosío-Zavala, María-Eugenia. "Changements de fécondité au Mexique et politiques de population." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H059.
Full textChanges in Mexico’s fertility were very important after 1973, when demographic policies were established. After a period of high fertility, around 7 children per woman at the end of the sixties, fertility's reduction is impressive: 40 per cent in 15 years (from 7. 4 children in 1965 to 4. 4 in 1980). We analyses the determinants of this evolution as well as the real influence of demographic policies on fertility's reduction
La, Rupelle Maëlys de. "Institutions financières, migrations et inégalités en Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0025.
Full textThis PhD focuses on the relationship between institutions and development, and, more specifically, on land rights and on internaI migration in China in the early 2000s. Our work deals with two main questions: is institution al reform able to transform deeply society and to have a durable impact on inequaIity ? How institutions are impacting individual decisions and therefore development? The three decades of the Maoist period aimed precisely at disrupting the intergenerational transmission of inequalities. Yet, we show that the offspring of the households which were the poorest in the 1940s have, in the ear1y twenty-first century, less access to land and education than others. In rare areas, where revolution has benefited from additional resources and that the Long March path identifies, we observe a reverse pattern: the sons of the former poor peasants rely on a bigger amount of land than others. As access to land and education proves to be persistent, migration has an important role to play in developing the countryside. However, migration is heavily constrained by a set of institutions. The household registration system, or Hukou, land rights, birth control are making a definitive settlement in urban areas extremely difficult. We show how land rights insecurity, jeopardizing the main asset of rural households, and family planning policies, reducing family size, and thus resources to cope with agricultural needs, shorten migration duration
Mouvagha-Sow, Myriam. "Processus matrimoniaux et procréation à Libreville (Gabon)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100128.
Full textGabon has a particular demographic context. Its fertility never reached very high levels because of a widespread pathological infertility, which appears to have decreased in a significant way these last years. According to the first Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), conducted in 2000, the country seems to have started its fertility transition, in spite of a pro-birth policy enforced until recently. Moreover, as in many African countries there is a marriage transition, marked by a significant delay of the marriage age and the development of informal unions. These evolutions -are caused by "modernisation" (increasing of educational levels, urbanisation, etc. ), but also by the economic crisis. In addition, changing fertility and marriage behaviours are tightly related to a redefinition of the relationships between men and women. The censuses and the DHS are not fully appropriate to the study of these transformations, because they give only a cross vision of them, whereas in Africa the constitution of the unions is a process which can be long and complex. Moreover, they do not take into account sexuality, visiting unions and male behaviours. Our research is thus based on interviews and a quantitative survey. The survey I conducted in Libreville in 1999, on a sample of 484 women and 424 men, deals with sexual, matrimonial and reproductive behaviours. It gives the detailed matrimonial history of the individuals, with the various stages of the marriage process, and their fertility biography. Thus, this thesis explores, partly with event history analysis, the matrimonial and fertility changes between different generations, the relationships between matrimonial life and fertility life and compares female and male life-cycles
Coulibaly, Abdourahmane. "Anthropologie d'une pratique de santé publique : le cas de la planification familiale au Mali." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0350.
Full textThis thesis is an anthropological study of family planning in Bamako, Mali. It aims at understanding the behaviours of social actors facing family programs propositions. One of important aspects of our demonstration is the fact that the programs norms are not the only normative referents for the individuals. Among other normative universes which influence their behaviours, some value the reproduction (customs, religion) and the others the infertile sexuality and the research for the sexual pleasure (Globalized sexual models). By analyzing actors' practices, we made the report that, on one side the social actors conjugate all these normative sets in their sexual and reproductive behaviours and that, by other side, they divert the norms of the programs
Rozée, Gomez Virginie. "L'application de la convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes en Amérique latine : le cas des droits reproductifs et sexuels en Bolivie." Paris 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548925.
Full textIn 1979 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which commits signatory states to adopt and implement a series of legal measures on equality of men and women and all discrimination based on gender. All Latin American states have ratified the CEDAW and have integrated the Convention into their domestic law. Measures have been adopted, legislation voted and regional institutions have been set up. However, normative discrimination persists and the legal rights of women to equality of treatment are still out of step what is happening in reality. Ideological and pragmatic factors, such as cultural stereotypes and female vulnerability, still condition the situation of Latin-American women. In ratifying the CEDAW, and later the Cairo and Beijing Programs of Action, Bolivia recognises women’s human rights in the various social and political spheres, and more specifically in their reproductive and sexual rights. The country has made important political and symbolic progress in the field of gender equality, female reproduction and sexuality. Nevertheless, the effects on Bolivian women, especially from La Paz and El Alto, of their re-appropriation of human rights in general, and their sexual and reproductive rights in particular, encounter a whole series of political, social, cultural and medical obstacles. Factors such as the catholic and male chauvinistic influence, socio-cultural patterns, the penalisation of abortion, ignorance of legal rights and the weak empowerment of women all contribute to allowing them little autonomy in their reproductive and sexual decisions. This autonomy would be the key to female emancipation in Bolivia
Garcia, Anaïs. "Ligatures : la reproduction des femmes indigènes au Guatemala, entre contrôles et résistances." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20093.
Full textIn 1996, the government of Guatemala put an end to 36 years of civil war by signing the peace accords. This war specifically affected the country’s indigenous populations. The two Truth commissions concluded that the army and paramilitaries carried out acts of genocide against the Mayan populations, in part because of the widespread use of sexual violence against women. Over the next two decades, many development projects led by the State as well as various foundations and NGOs sought to alleviate the extreme poverty affecting rural indigenous populations. One of these projects is the dissemination of family planning programs. It is Indigenous women who are the main targets of the medical and educational devices that are implemented in this context. Their objective is to drastically reduce these women’s fertility, through sustainable and permanent methods such as female sterilization. This objective is accompanied by the establishment of a set of standards of good maternal and reproductive practices. The medico-social staff that is mobilized towards the integration of these standards sometimes goes so far as to use violence in order to ensure that the indigenous women comply with them. In the exercise of their mission, the medical staff believes to be working for the common good not only of the nation but of those women as well. However, the constraints faced by women in managing family planning make it difficult for them to fully access reproductive rights. In addition, many women liken the violence and discrimination they experience in these programs to the violence of war and the violence that they experience in other social spaces. The poverty the live in and the oppression and multiple forms of violence they face are particularly related to neoliberal policies.The aim of this thesis is to decipher certain issues around the promotion of targeted sterilization of indigenous women, in a post-conflict context where renewed violence against these women is developing. The research work conducted with institutions and medical staff in family planning programs, as well as with women from several indigenous communities, reveals the complex relationships that exist between indigenous women and different actors: institutional, professional, community and family. These relationships, which reveal the hierarchical positions of gender, ethnicity and class at local, national and international levels, have impacts on reproductive trajectories, and by extension on life trajectories. At the intersection of these many issues of power, the thesis will show how indigenous women find themselves at the heart of a tense reproductive issue, with which they must deal in order to negotiate their status as citizens
Dumont, Emmanuel. "La communication de l'Eglise catholique aux Etats-Unis pour le respect de la vie (1990-1995) : genèse, étude mercatique et évaluation éthique d'une rhétorique ecclésiale professionnalisée." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040173.
Full textZordo, Silvia de. "Planifier la reproduction, construire la nation, gouverner la vie : planning familial et incorporation des inégalités à Salvador de Bahia." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0352.
Full textIn this dissertation, I examine the family planning politics carried out in Brazil since the military dictatorship as biopolitics. I examine in particular how they have been embodied by working class, black Bahian women grown up during the democratization process. First, I examine the history of eugenics and family planning in Brazil and in particular the medical and moral discourses concerning family planning developped during the last three decades. Then, through the ethnography of a family planning center, a maternity-hospital and a peripheral neighborhood in Salvador de Bahia, I show how social and particularly gender and racial iniqualities are produced and reproduced in the relationship between health professionals and patients and how they are embodied and discussed by the latter. Finally, I examine which are the consequences of this embodiment on their repoductive and contraceptive trajectories as well as on their daily life
Gastineau, Bénédicte. "La transition de la fécondité en Tunisie : la question de la baisse de la fécondité dans le cadre des relations population-développement-environement." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100071.
Full textBefore colonial times (1860-1881), Tunisia's demographic profile was "pre-transitional" in nature. Fertility was "natural," and mortality, while high, varied in response to crises. French colonialism (1881-1956) prompted important changes in Tunisian society. Significant investments permitted a reduction in mortality. While we can note in this period, the beginning of the demographic transition and the limitation of births among some social groups, the decline in fertility becomes noticeable on a national level only in the mid-1960s. The fertility transition took place in two phases. Up until the middle of the 1980s, changes in fertility resulted from a rise in the age at marriage, especially among the most educated and well-off couples. After the mid-1980s, the poorest, most "rural," least educated women also modified their reproductive goals, due to prior economic development and to the diffusion of ideas concerning a limited fertility. These women also adapted to the economic crisis experienced in Tunisia in the mid-1980s. The research currently underway hopes to demonstrate, by way of the Tunisian example, that if modernization is an impetus to new behaviours in social classes that may profit the most, economic development may also foster the generalization of these behaviours among the entire population. A second important part of this research consists of analyzing the relations between demographic strategies and household economic strategies in rural areas. Using primary data, we show that a decline in rural fertility rates may be seen as an adaptation to new and not all that favourable economic conditions. Household members, who can no longer live on agricultural activity alone, take on multiple activities. They thereby implement distribution choices in family labour (in farming, in migration, in the local job market. . . ) based on the gender, age and qualifications of each individual. Only an analysis of the organization and the division of family labour will allow us to understand why fertility declined in certain rural areas and why it remains high in others
Janssen, Eric. "Changements démographiques et économiques au Chili : l'exemple de la IVe région de Coquimbo." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100044.
Full textThe major economical modernization process Chile has experienced within the past three decades has not been capable to reduce precarity in standarts of living of a non-negligeable part of the population. Therefore, it may be asked what adaptative answers have been developped to counter these negative effects. This study aims at pointing out the modalities engaged to insure biological, economical and social reproduction through the analyzis of the population of the IV Region of Coquimbo, 300 km north of Santiago. Assuming the maximum representativity, several level of analysis will be presented, both using specific statistical tools. At a macro level will be analyzed, throughout datas of the last two censuses, the migrations and its consequences in the spatial population repartition. Outlining the specific rates and socio-demographic determinants of employment increase will allow us to demonstrate a social and sexual job-selection. The study of Salamanca county will lead to a critical approach of nuptiality, fertility and the means engaged to control it under the general assomption of a well-engaged demographic transition. At least, presenting the results of a survey ran in a particular zone of the county, whose economy is dedicated to small land-sized fruits agriculture, pretends to show up households structures and the meanings and selective directions of solidarity networks
Scornet, Catherine. "Fécondité et politique dans le delta du fleuve rouge (Viet-Nam)." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H048.
Full textBaudin, Thomas. "L'analyse des comportements de fécondité : politiques publiques et facteurs culturels." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401964.
Full textSerna, Elodie. "Faire et défaire la virilité. Les stérilisations masculines volontaires en Europe dans l'entre-deux guerres." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H002.
Full textFrom the nascent exploration of the endocrine system of the male to the revitalization operations performed in the 1920s and 1930s, this thesis shows how various genital operations, including vasectomy, contribute to medical strategies for the construction of masculinity. In parallel, voluntary male sterilization is explored in the context of eugenicist projects on the basis of a campaign for legalizing sterilization in Great Britain, the debates within the World League for Sexual Reform and the french neo-malthusian movement. The evolution of the norms of masculinity and paternity is finally questioned by the use of vasectomy as a convenient contraceptive method. The organization of clandestine vasectomies, the repression and social disapproval they generate question men's self-determination and the normative role of procreation. The polysemous nature of sterilizations thus makes possible the overall exploration of the reconfigurations of masculinit! y on a transnational scale
Ruault, Lucile. "Le spéculum, la canule et le miroir. Les MLAC et mobilisations de santé des femmes, entre appropriation féministe et propriété médicale de l’avortement (France, 1972-1984)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20017.
Full textFrom 1972 to 1984, unskilled members (i.e. without a medical degree) of the Movement for the Liberation of Abortion and Birth Control aborted women outside medical spheres, whereas the practice was getting more and more professional. Thanks to a historical ethnography combining a wide corpus of retrospective interviews and archives, the thesis focuses on the politicization of abortion and highlights its constitution as a matter of public health. This survey of some local committees of the MLAC which claimed this practice puts forward a deep analysis of both the establishment of the medical monopoly of abortion and protests against this process. During the fight, physicians and unskilled practitioners take part in the introduction and adaptation in France of the aspiration method. We can notice that from collaborations and conflicts resulting from these interactions, the authorized access to the technical know-how learnt in common benefited only fully qualified physicians.The thesis then looks into the outstanding subject of the MLACs which maintained the practice outside medical structures after a bill was passed in favour of IVG – i.e voluntary termination of pregnancy – and resumed their radical militancy in spite of the institutionalization step including feminist achievements. By questioning both the specialization of practices on bodies and the patriarchal domination of female bodies, these « dissidents » gradually assert the feminist orientation of their action. At the same time, the spreading of self help in France supports the reorientation of their demands and enriches their ideological basis. The way they appropriate new orientations, plus the politization of women’s daily life and the development of new caring methods – notably deliveries (childbirths) – urge us to consider dissident MLACs as a mobilization for health
Libali, Benoît. "Comportements reproductifs en République du Congo : permanences et changements : pour une approche contextuelle et dynamique de la fécondité." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL029/document.
Full textCurrent levels of African fertility are, for most observers, the expression of a continuation of traditional values of ancestral essence. For those observers, the traditional values continue to determine reproductive behavior, despite the economic, political and social changes. Based on the case of the Republic of Congo, dynamic and contextual analysis of these behaviors, reveal that these are rather clear break from the current level of fertility; they suggest significant unmet need for birth control. It is possible that a Malthusian reflex develops gradually, which does not exclude the need for children, contrary to some theories. These behaviors are characterized by profound changes resulting in a disconnection between sexuality, marriage and reproduction; rejuvenation of the ages at first intercourse and first birth; postponing the age of entry into marital union and the decline of polygamy. Current reproductive behavior are likely to make fertility declining, if they were well supported institutionally in the current context. The growing importance of adolescent fertility calls for redefining the foundations of African fertility. In a context marked also by significant disruptions in the mechanisms of transmission of traditional values, enhanced by education and urbanization, it is desirable to restructure the communication on the choice of fertility control. Otherwise, the fertility transition, which is irreversible, will be at its own pace, not just at the mercy of crises, but in a sustainable way by adaptation to the conditions of life and way of production in process