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1
Sandvick, Clinton Matthew. "Enforcing Medical Regulation in the United States 1875 to 1915." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7783.
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Welsman, Sandra June. "Laws regulating business facilitation, control, or overload?: a consideration of Australian business regulation in the early 1990s." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28066.
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This thesis examines interactions of business, government and the judiciary in Australia through regulatory law. This arena of policy, lawmaking and regulatory practice is explored from a number of integrated perspectives, to a depth not pursued in general reviews.
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Alazmi, Ayeshah Ahmed. "Education-Related Laws from the Perspective of Kuwaiti Official Influencers: An Exploratory Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82957.
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This study seeks to explore and describe education-related laws in Kuwait with respect to the broader context of educational law. Employing a methodical, qualitative approach, data were collected using semi-structured interviews with twelve Kuwaiti official influencers that included parliamentary members, ex-Minsters of Education, and directors of general education. Interviews were conducted to generate insights regarding the nature and extent of the existing education- related laws in Kuwait. In addition, the interviews delved into the process surrounding the formation and implementation of education-related laws, and the influences that can affect them. Lastly, data from the interviews identified areas for improvement in Kuwait's education-related law.
During the interview process, measures were taken to ascertain the credibility and dependability of the results obtained. Data were analyzed and validated using thematic analysis for reduction and identification of essential themes. Five main themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) the characteristics of education-related laws; (b) the problems in forming education- related laws; (c) the obstacles hindering implementation of education-related laws; (d) the strong influence of actors on education-related laws; and (c) the need for more effective education- related laws. For each theme two sub-categories were also developed.
The findings of this study demonstrate that education-related laws play a vital role in structuring, and the monitoring of, the educational system in Kuwait. Moreover, findings illustrate the absence of, and critical need for, an authority to evaluate existing education-related laws. In addition, the lack of stakeholder participation, or the influence of scientific research, in creating education policy became evident. The analysis of the research data determined that actors, both official and unofficial, affecting education-related laws included legislators, Ministers of Education, the judiciary, local and international professional association representatives, parents, and the media. Furthermore, there is evidence suggests that policymakers must become more aware of the important role stakeholders should play in the formation of education-related laws and the need for building capacity to develop, implement and evaluate education-related laws. In addition, findings show the need for new education- related laws to ensure that teacher, student, and parent rights are protected. Perhaps most importantly, this study reveals the necessity for the State to create a long-term strategic vision regarding education policy that is free from the whims of the Minister of Education, to provide continuity and stability in the growth of the Kuwaiti educational system.<br>Ph. D.
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Usman, Muhammad. "Does Cyberspace outdate Jurisdictional Defamation Laws?" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17461.
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Cyberspace produces friction when the law is implemented by domestic courts using 'state-laws'. These laws are based on a ‘physical presence’ of an individual within the territory. It elevates conflicts relating to cyberspace jurisdiction. This research examines private international law complications associated with cyberspace. The paradigm of libel that takes place within the domain of social media is used to evaluate the utility of traditional laws. This research is conducted using ‘black-letter’ methodology, keeping in mind the changes constituted by the Defamation Act 2013. It pinpoints that the instantaneous nature of social media communication demands an unambiguous exercise of 'personal-jurisdiction', beyond the doctrine of territoriality. An innovation to the code of Civil Procedure is recommended to revise the process of service for non-EU defendants. The permission to serve a writ via social networks (or to the relevant Embassy of the defendant’s domicile state), can accelerate the traditional judicial process.
This thesis can be utilised as a roadmap by libel victims for preliminary information. It contributes to the knowledge by discovering that the thresholds under Section 1 and Section 9 of the Defamation Act 2013 overlap with the conventional ‘forum-conveniens’ tests. This crossover is causing legal uncertainty in the application of existing rules to the digital libel proceedings. Section 1 and Section 9 thresholds do not fulfil the purpose of eliminating ‘libel-tourism’ and maintaining a balance between speech freedom and reputation rights. They raised the bar for potential victims and restricted their rights to justice. It is proposed that the traditional ‘conveniens test’ must be used for social media libel victims to produce legal certainty in cyberspace defamation.
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Fomosoh, Raymond Awa. "Globalisation and work regulation in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8106_1310982701.
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<p>This research paper examines the different forms of employment patterns that have emerged as a result of globalisation as well as the mechanisms that have been used by the legislator to accommodate those in non-standard employment relationships.</p>
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Cumbie, James Wesley Adrian John. "Process, regulation requirements, and financial analysis for transforming rural land to recreational sportfishing waters." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/CUMBIE_JAMES_20.pdf.
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Leonard, Bryan James. "Which came first, laws or lobbyists?: an empirical investigation of environmental regulation and interest group formation." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/leonard/LeonardB0512.pdf.
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Nonprofit organizations and interest groups play a substantial role in the United States; there were over 260,000 nonprofits and nearly 5,000 political action committees at work in 2010. Conventional wisdom suggests that many of these groups have formed with the goal of influencing the passage of new legislation that is favorable to their interests. This thesis contributes to our understanding of interest groups by providing evidence of the opposite direction of causation within the context of environmental legislation. I develop a theory for why new environmental regulations cause new environmental interest groups to form, rather than vice versa. I test the theory with a novel panel data set of federal and state environmental laws and of the formation dates of wildlife, pollution, and conservation oriented interest groups since 1950. My empirical tests combine differences-in-differences (and differences-in-differences-in differences) estimators with event study methods. The results at the national level show that more groups formed during a window of time before and after the passage of the Clean Air and Endangered Species Act. The results at the state level, which are in many ways more credible estimates, show that state-level interests groups were more likely to form during a window after new legislation was passed than before. Overall, the results suggest laws that leave a large portion of decision making to a bureaucracy create new lobbyists. This is a result that has been suggested by some environmentalists and economists but never empirically tested before this thesis.
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Saeed, Sheba. "Regulation of begging in Mumbai : a critique of religious and secular laws and notions of power." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4425/.
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Begging is a complex, ambivalent phenomenon. People are often divided on their views on begging creating a dichotomy of standpoints; those who emphasise with the issue and those who are critical of it. The phenomenon cannot be understoon in a binary fashion. Both the written thesis and the audio-visual component move from a stance where begging is associated with being a socio-cultural issue to one that is actually much more complex and very political in nature. In doing so, it critiques the regulation of begging in Mumbai using religious codes of practice and secular law as well as analysing notions of power. There are two components to the thesis comprising a written element and an audio-visual documentary, which can stand independent of each other but are also linked as much of the dialogue that is a part of the documentary is discussed in depth in the written thesis and vice versa. The aim of the written critique is to support and amplify the audio-visual presentation.
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Hoffman, Sára Gabriella [Verfasser]. "Regulation of Cloud Services under US and EU Antitrust, Competition and Privacy Laws / Sára Gabriella Hoffman." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112200432X/34.
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Gunguta, Thembeka Maureen. "The regulation of sick and incapacity leave in the public sector." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16087.
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The Public Service is service delivery driven, and is dependent on the quality, skill and performance of the employees to carry through its business. It is therefore imperative that the policies and systems pertaining to human capital are effectively and efficiently managed. The Basic Conditions of Employment Act regulates the basic conditions of employment and states that employees’ may be absent from duty due to illness. The public sector uses the Determination on the Leave of Absence in the Public Service as a tool to regulate leave in the public sector. The Determination provides employees with 36 paid sick days to be utilised by an employee within a three-year cycle. In cases where an employee has exhausted the sick leave, the employer may grant Temporary Incapacity Leave, which is discretional. The Public Service Commission has a constitutional obligation to monitor the performance of the public sector and produce reports covering the human resources management practices. With regards to the management of leave in the public sector, the reports reveal the abuse of sick leave by employees, non-compliance and the in-effective management. The Department of Public Service and Administration then developed the PILIR as a guide to manage and administer sick and incapacity leave in the public sector. This treatise therefore, discusses the regulation of sick and incapacity leave in the public sector and investigates the extent to which the applicable legislative framework is effective. The discussion uses the Labour Court judgment in the matter between The Public Service Association & Others versus the PSCBC & Others as reference, and further evaluates the judicial jurisprudence to demonstrate the extent of contentions of the private sector employers by the employees. Furthermore, this treatise seeks to evaluate the extent of similarities or differences of the practices both the private sector and the municipalities. In conclusion, the treatise makes recommendations on the best practices that can be adopted by the public sector to turn the situation around.
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Murray, Kristen. "Sex work as work : labour regulation in the legal sex industry in Victoria /." Connect to thesis, 2001. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000517.
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Khoo, Teng Guan. "A critical comparative analysis of racial integration laws and its impact on professional team sports." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2011. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/211744/.
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The following research aims to examine the interaction of law, either hard law (legislation) or soft law (governing body regulation), on achieving a balance between racial equality and success in sport. Nearly all national jurisdictions have legislated to some degree in an attempt to affect equality or equality of opportunity for its citizens. This might be based on achieving equality of opportunity or by means of affirmative action. The research aim is to ascertain how far racial discrimination laws have positive or negative impacts on the success of sports in different countries. The research also has a series of supplementary objectives: to ascertain and consider critically the extent to which the law in various jurisdictions (Malaysia, South Africa, England and the United States) has been used to promote equality; to develop a sequential model to describe general trends to predict the influence of affirmative action and equal opportunity legislation upon the potential success of countries’ sporting achievements; to review tensions inherent in reconciling the equality of citizens at a national level and their impacts upon the international sporting success of that nation; to establish a correlative relationship between the types of anti-discrimination law within nations and the impact of these upon the degree of international sporting success of those nations. The research conducted concentrates primarily on qualitative methods by first adopting a doctrinal approach in a comparative legal study of four jurisdictions (Malaysia, South Africa, England and the United States). A non-doctrinal approach is then adopted and a qualitative intrinsic case study completed, including interviews concerning the subject area. Thus, the research has used multi-method qualitative approaches. The research indicated different anti-discrimination approaches taken in achieving equality. This can be typified by countries such as the United States or England based primarily on meritocracy and countries such as South Africa and Malaysia based primarily on preferential treatment. There is evidence to suggest that these approaches do have a certain correlation, albeit not similar in the outcome of achieving equality for selection. From the evidence presented, the overall study illustrates that racial discrimination laws in the four jurisdictions produced a mixed outcome in relation to the success of professional team sports. Specifically, England and the United States witnessed a positive impact in terms of achieving international success in sports even though there are inherent difficulties in reconciling the equality of citizens at a national level. For Malaysia and South Africa, the result tends to be positive in general at this stage although it is equally recognised that this approach might result in some negative impacts in the long run. The research however is subject to certain limitations which are outside the scope of this thesis, but it is recognised that these might affect the overall success of professional team sports within those countries.
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Khoo, Teng Guan. "A critical comparative analysis of racial integration laws and its impact on professional team sports." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2011. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/211744/1/Khoo_Thesis_2011.pdf.
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The following research aims to examine the interaction of law, either hard law (legislation) or soft law (governing body regulation), on achieving a balance between racial equality and success in sport. Nearly all national jurisdictions have legislated to some degree in an attempt to affect equality or equality of opportunity for its citizens. This might be based on achieving equality of opportunity or by means of affirmative action. The research aim is to ascertain how far racial discrimination laws have positive or negative impacts on the success of sports in different countries. The research also has a series of supplementary objectives:
to ascertain and consider critically the extent to which the law in various jurisdictions (Malaysia, South Africa, England and the United States) has been used to promote equality; to develop a sequential model to describe general trends to predict the influence of affirmative action and equal opportunity legislation upon the potential success of countries’ sporting achievements; to review tensions inherent in reconciling the equality of citizens at a national level and their impacts upon the international sporting success of that nation; to establish a correlative relationship between the types of anti-discrimination law within nations and the impact of these upon the degree of international sporting success of those nations. The research conducted concentrates primarily on qualitative methods by first adopting a doctrinal approach in a comparative legal study of four jurisdictions (Malaysia, South Africa, England and the United States). A non-doctrinal approach is then adopted and a qualitative intrinsic case study completed, including interviews concerning the subject area. Thus, the research has used multi-method qualitative approaches. The research indicated different anti-discrimination approaches taken in achieving equality. This can be typified by countries such as the United States or England based primarily on meritocracy and countries such as South Africa and Malaysia based primarily on preferential treatment. There is evidence to suggest that these approaches do have a certain correlation, albeit not similar in the outcome of achieving equality for selection. From the evidence presented, the overall study illustrates that racial discrimination laws in the four jurisdictions produced a mixed outcome in relation to the success of professional team sports. Specifically, England and the United States witnessed a positive impact in terms of achieving international success in sports even though there are inherent difficulties in reconciling the equality of citizens at a national level. For Malaysia and South Africa, the result tends to be positive in general at this stage although it is equally recognised that this approach might result in some negative impacts in the long run. The research however is subject to certain limitations which are outside the scope of this thesis, but it is recognised that these might affect the overall success of professional team sports within those countries.
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Philipp, Julia. "The Criminalisation of Trading in Influence in International Anti-Corruption Laws." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3574_1282236062.
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<p>Despite being mentioned in most international anti-corruption instruments, trading in influence appears only rarely in the spotlight of legal practice and literature. This paper aims to shed some light on the issue. The main objective is to highlight the different forms of trading in influence stipulated in various international agreements and national laws in order to draw a comprehensive picture of this offence. Furthermore, by identifying and critically appraising the core issues connected with trading in influence, this paper aims to provide recommendations which may be of use to states obliged to implement or to consider implementing this offence.</p>
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Papathanasiou, Ioannis. "The law and policy of regulating the European Internal Market : the harmonisation of national laws governing the supply of defective services to consumers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1057c88a-a09f-428b-a16c-5450727210ab.
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This thesis looks into the law and policy implications of law-making within the EU in pursuit of the internal market, while protecting other interests such as those of consumers. The discussion concentrates in the field of services addressed to consumers and more specifically in harmonising at EU level the national liability rules governing their defective supply. This case study is developed on the following strands. Firstly, the withdrawal of the European Commission’s ‘Proposal for a Council Directive on the liability of suppliers of services’ [COM (90) 482 final] is examined from the following aspects: a) the political reactions which have preceded its withdrawal, b) its compliance with the constitutional principles governing the legislative process at EU level and c) the assessment of the substantive regime which it purported to establish. Secondly, having regard to a) the aftermath of the Proposal’s failure, b) the evolution of the constitutional debate concerning the existence, the nature and the exercise of EU competence to set harmonised rules and c) the law-making standards which the Union’s Institutions have set to self-restrict their regulatory power, the perspective of harmonising the liability of suppliers of services to consumers is further explored. Drawing on this case-study, this thesis examines the limits to EU law- making activity which are imposed by primary European law and also considers the policy standards which the EU has set for itself in engaging in its law-making commitments. This examination allows in turn the pursuit of broader reflections I about the law and policy factors which become crucial and deserve particular attention by the EU lawmaker when harmonising national rules governing market transactions – such as the liability for the supply of defective services – with a view to attaining and managing the internal market along with protecting other interests recognised at EU level, such as those of consumers.
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Van, Jaarsveld Aldri. "Private Military Companies as "new peacemakers" in Africa : is regulation sufficient?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18710.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis evaluates and explores the function of Private Military Companies (PMCs) on the African continent. The phenomenon of PMCs evolved after the end of the Cold War. This study focuses on the relevant international and national legislation regulating PMCs that conduct active military assistance operations. These PMC operations have a strategic impact on the political, social, economical and security environments of the areas in which they are contracted to operate. The purpose of the thesis is to assess whether PMCs are efficient and cost effective, can be held accountable and to whom, and if current legislation (national and international) regulating PMCs is sufficient.
This thesis is a literature survey that seeks descriptive and comparative information relevant to the purpose of this study. It deals with that information qualitatively. No empirical research has been conducted. It is therefore not an opinion survey as no questionnaires have been completed, although interviews with knowledgeable people have been conducted. The thesis focuses on the operations conducted by the now defunct Executive Outcomes (of the Republic of South Africa), a combat type PMC in Angola and Sierra Leone and Military Professional Resources Incorporated (of the United States of America), a non-combat type PMC in Equatorial Guinea.
The study concludes that PMC operations through legitimate government contracts at international level are indeed legitimate. The regulations (international and national, if they exist) regarding PMCs are not sufficient, and allow for many grey areas. PMCs that operate in this sphere of grey areas are unacceptable for the international community in the current milieu. PMCs are, however, operating in a vacuum of accountability and regulation (international and national). With sufficient legislation, PMCs could be the new peacemakers.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis evalueer en ondersoek die funksionering van Privaat Militêre Maatskappye (PMM’e) en hul werksaamhede in Afrika. Die PMM-verskynsel het voortgespruit uit die stilstand van die Koue Oorlog. Die tesis fokus op die relevante internasionale en nasionale wetgewing rakende PMM’e wat aktief in een of ander formaat by militêre operasies betrokke is. Hierdie PMM-operasies het ’n beduidende strategiese impak op die sosio-politiese, ekonomiese en sekuriteitareas van die gebiede waartoe hul gekontrakteer is. Die doel van die tesis is om die effektiwiteit en koste-effektiwiteit van PMM’e te evalueer, asook om uit te vind of hulle aanspreeklik is en aan wie hulle verantwoording moet doen. Daar is ook gefokus op huidige wetgewing (internasionaal sowel as nasionaal) rakende PMM’e om die doeltreffendheid van sodanige wetgewing te bepaal.
Hierdie tesis is ‘n opname van beskrywende en vergelykende literatuurstudies, relevant tot die doel van die tesis. Inligting is kwalitatief aangewend. Geen empiriese navorsing is onderneem nie. Hierdie tesis is ook nie gebaseer op ‘n meningsopname nie. Geen vraelyste is ingevul nie, maar daar is wel onderhoude met kenners van die betrokke vakgebied gevoer. Die tesis fokus op die vroeëre werksaamhede van die ontbinde “Executive Outcomes” as Suid-Afrikaanse PMM wat aktief betrokke was by oorlogvoering in Angola en Sierra Leone en ook op die steeds aktiewe Amerikaanse PMM “Military Professional Resources Incorporated” wat in Ekwatoriaal Guinieë werksaam is en wat nie aktief by oorlogvoering betrokke raak nie.
Die tesis kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat PMM-kontrakte wat bekom word deur legitieme regeringskontrakte op internasionale vlak wel legitiem is. Daar is bevind dat wetgewing (internasionaal en nasionaal, waar wel beskikbaar) rakende PMM’e egter nie voldoende en effektief is nie. Daar is steeds baie grys areas rakende verantwoordbaarheid en wetgewing van PMM’e. Dit is in hierdie grys areas waarin baie PMM’e funksioneer en waardeur hulle onaanvaarbaar vir die internasionale gemeenskap in die huidige klimaat is. Doeltreffende wetgewing kan moontlik verseker dat PMM’e die nuwe vredemakers kan word.
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List, Julia Beate. "Wirtschaftsverwaltungsrechtsaufgaben in China und Deutschland : ein rechtsanalytischer Vergleich unter besonderer Berücksichtigung divergierender politischer Systeme und Wirtschaftsordnungen /." [Köln] : Heymann, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994805500/04.
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Kaseke, Melissa Chinyangarara. "Consumer Protection; Efficient and Effective Bank Regulation in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6268.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)<br>Zimbabwe is a Southern African country which has witnessed frequent bank collapses in the last
two decades. This has eroded consumer and business confidence in the banking sector due to
the irreparable financial prejudice suffered by most sectoral consumers. The side effect of this
lack of trust in the sector has been the hoarding and preference of cash in most, if not all
transactions, as opposed to the use of plastic money. Between April 2015 and March 2016, it is
estimated that between US$3 billion and US$7.4 billion was circulating outside the banking
system in the informal sector thus exposing the depth of mistrust crippling the banking sector.
Together with other factors beyond the scope of this study, it is submitted that this lack of trust
and confidence in the sector has contributed to the current cash shortage which, according to
Latham and Cohen, has left .a black hole in the financial system that's crushing the rest of the
economy'.
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Myers, Tamara. "Criminal women and bad girls : regulation and punishment in Montreal, 1890-1930." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40209.
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Society's attitudes toward criminal offenders changed dramatically over the nineteenth century. By the early twentieth century the system of handling offenders in Montreal was highly institutionalized and based on sex- and age-specific treatment involving the Catholic Church, civic and legal authorities, and Protestant reform organizations.<br>A thematic study of the relationship of female offenders, concerned organizations, and the criminal justice system at the height of industrial capitalism shows that as the economy expanded and the city grew, there were increasing opportunities for women to break the law. Women's crimes were largely determined by their socio-economic status in Canadian society, often crimes of poverty and survival. The growing potential to commit crime was met with a more organized and institutionalized response and the definition of what was considered wayward female behaviour broadened. The growth of the state over the latter part of the nineteenth century in the form of new and expanded juridical and penal structures resulted in an increase in disciplining the population. For women this meant the use of laws and institutions to punish inappropriate social and sexual behaviour.<br>This thesis explores the gender-specific treatment of female offenders in the new institutions created ostensibly to rescue them: Fullum Street Prison for Women, the Ecole de Reforme, the Girls' Cottage Industrial School, the Juvenile Delinquents' Court, and the female police force. It looks at the construction of "criminal" and "bad" and the flexible usage of certain laws to curb unruly behaviour.
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Mučinytė, Jūratė. "Įstatymų ir kitų teisės aktų reguliavimo sistemų valdymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060331_132644-20482.
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The nature of contemporary state institutions is conditioned by objectives of administration. The operation mechanisms of regulation systems of laws and other legislative acts in Lithuania is inefficient. Lithuania demands some kind of certain reform of regulation systems of laws and other legislative acts for the creation of operation model. The experience and practice of other countries is the best example to be appealed to while improving the operation state of regulation systems of national legal systems of laws and other legislative acts.
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Drake, Hannine. "The legal regulation of the external company auditor in Post-Enron South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2301.
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Thesis (LLM (Mercantile Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>The worldwide increase of corporate failures on the scale of Enron and WorldCom has
sparked a renewed international trend of corporate governance review. With the external
company auditor blamed at least in part for many corporate failures, corporate governance
reform also necessitates a review of the statutory regulation of the company auditor. In
particular, the lack of auditor independence when auditing clients has been under the
legislator’s spotlight. The problems associated with unregulated or poorly regulated auditors
are well illustrated by the activities of auditing giant Arthur Andersen.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has been promulgated in reaction to corporate failures,
imposing many new legislative restrictions on the auditor. The UK has a more tempered, selfregulatory
approach. South Africa, following international trends with its recently
promulgated Auditing Profession Act and Corporate Laws Amendment Act, has also greatly
increased the regulation of auditor independence.
The question is now whether these new restrictions in the wake of corporate failures have
been the right approach with which to prevent future failures and to provide adequate
protection to shareholders. Although the general legislative increase in auditor awareness is
welcomed, the efficacy of several provisions in South African legislation can be questioned.
Widespread reform has taken place in the appointment and remuneration of the auditor,
which now has to be independently determined by the audit committee. In particular, South
Africa’s new regulation of non-audit services, and the lack of refined regulation on
compulsory auditor rotation as well as the cross-employment of auditors by clients, needs a
critical discussion.
It is submitted that the discretion of a well-regulated audit committee, combined with
increased disclosure and transparency, should be enough to regulate most of the key aspects
of auditor independence. Care should be taken to not overlegislate in haste to reform. South
Africa needs a flexible and customised approach in this regard.
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Gorle, Jagan Mohan Rao. "Development of Circulation Controlled Blade Pitching Laws for Low-Velocity Darrieus Turbine." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0021/document.
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L'étude développée dans cette thèse concerne le contrôle des performances et des lâchers tourbillonnaires au cours du cycle de rotation d'une hydrolienne à axe vertical de type Darrieus. L'élaboration d'une famille de lois de commande d'incidence de pales exploitant le principe de conservation de la circulation autour de profils en mouvement permet ici le contrôle du fonctionnement de l'hydrolienne ainsi que la maîtrise de son sillage tourbillonnaire afin de préserver l'environnement.L'écoulement 2D est simulé à l'aide du solveur incompressible de Star CCM+ afin de mettre en évidence l'effet de ce type de contrôle sur le rendement de la turbine pour différents points de fonctionnement. Ce modèle CFD a été utilisé pour améliorer l'analyse analytique en ce qui concerne l'extraction de l'énergie, la compréhension de l'écoulement autour de l'hydrolienne et le contrôle des tourbillons générés. La nouveauté de cette étude est l'élaboration de lois de commande de pales d'hydrolienne, basées sur des valeurs constantes et transitoires de la circulation, afin d'augmenter la puissance de la turbine tout en garantissant un contrôle efficace de la vorticité et ainsi prévenir de l'interaction entre les tourbillons et les pales. Une bonne comparaison est réalisée entre les résultats analytiques et numériques concernant les forces hydrodynamiques.En outre, une campagne d'essais a été menée afin d'acquérir des mesures quantitatives sur une hydrolienne de type Darrieus à pales fixes en terme de puissance, mais aussi des résultats qualitatifs pertinents comme la visualisation de l'écoulement autour des pales à différentes positions et pour différents points de fonctionnement. La mise en place complète d'un système PTV pour les mesures qualitatives et les étapes de traitement sont discutées et les divers paramètres obtenus à partir des études CFD sont validées en utilisant ces résultats PIV.L'étude expérimentale dans la présente recherche appo11e des informations détaillées sur les gradients de pression et de vitesse, les contours de vorticité et le critère Q qui ont servi à valider les visualisations obtenues numériquement<br>With key applications in marine renewable energy. the vertical axis water turbine can use current or tidal energy in an eco-friendly manner. However, it is difficult to reconcile optimal performance of hydrokinetic turbines and compliance wilh the aquatic environment as the main drawback of the turbines is the formation of non-linear flow structures caused by the unsteady movement of the blades. Eddies in the flow are advected and can interact with other blades, which leads to a reduction in power output. To limit this phenomenon, the turbines operate at high speeds, which are likely to reduce the shaft power. High speeds of rotational so forbid the passage of aquatic animais, and are the cause of a suction effect on the sediments.The objective of this thesis work is twofold. First, it aims to develop a blade pitch control to get the flow adjusted around the blade profile at any given flow configuration by incorporatin.g the profile's motion with respect to incident flow. Such a system intends to achieve the objective of operating at reduced speeds without vortical releases, which should allow achieving a high torque without causing damage to the environment.This thesis work is mainly carried out in three phases. ln the first phase, the irrotational flow over an arbitrary profile is formulated using conforma] mapping. Prospective potential flow application on the basis of Couchet theory (1976) is involved in the development of a control law that decides the blade pitching in a constant circulation framework. In the second phase, a numerical validation of the developed analytical work is presented using CFD to examine how the theoretical fomulation can be effectively applied to Darricus turbines. In the final phase, two prototypes are developed, one is classical Darrieus turbine with fixed blades, and other is the turbine with pitching blades for experimental measurements of performance as well as flow fields(by PIV) in order to validate the computational results
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Pesavento, Matthew Todd. "THE IMPACT OF DIRECT TO CONSUMER SHIPPING LAWS ON THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF WINERIES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564415779784843.
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Klerck, Gilton-Georg. "Fractured solidarities: labour regulation, workplace restructuring, and employment 'flexibility' in Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004898.
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A central concern of this thesis is the expansion, distribution and control of 'non-standard' employment in Namibia since independence. The employment relationship has assumed various historical forms under capitalism, each of which corresponds to a specific mode of regulation with distinct structural dynamics. An attempt is made to extend the regulation approach 'downwards' to account for the problem of order in the workplace and to place the employment relationship within its own regulatory framework. The point of departure in this study of the dynamics of labour regulation is the contradictory nature of labour's incorporation, allocation, control and reproduction within the labour market. The employment relationship is never only an economic exchange, but is also mediated through an institutional framework that connects the processes of production and social reproduction, and regulates conflicting interests inside and outside the workplace. This relationship, as critical realists have pointed out, is a product of the indeterminate intersection of several generative structures. The roots of these generative structures can be traced to three sets of social processes: the processes of production and the structuring of labour demand; the processes of social reproduction and the structuring of labour supply; and the forces of regulation. Non-standard employment is viewed as a particular social and spatio-temporal 'fix' for the various regulatory dilemmas generated by the standard employment relationship. This conception underscores the fact that a national system of labour regulation decisively shapes the conditions under which employers are able to casualise a part of their workforce. The differential experience across national boundaries suggests that analytical space needs to be provided for systems of labour market regulation which may either accentuate or moderate pressures for casualisation. Segmentation on the demand side of the labour market is explored through an analysis of the types of non-standard jobs created in different economic sectors. The various forms of employment 'flexibility' tend to vary in importance according to the specific manner in which a firm chooses to compete. Consequently, non-standard employees are distributed in a complex and uneven manner across industrial sectors and the occupational hierarchy, and face a diverse range of possibilities and liabilities that shape their levels and forms of participation in the labour market. By counteracting the homogenisation effects of labour law and collective bargaining, the mobilisation of cheap and disposable labour through non-standard employment contracts allows employers much greater discretion in constructing the wage-effort bargain. With non-standard employment, social and statutory regulation is weak or underdeveloped and hence managerial control is autocratic, with a significant contractual component. Although the changing social composition of the workforce associated with employment 'flexibility' poses serious challenges to the modes of organisation that have long served the labour movement, trade unions in Namibia and elsewhere have been slow to respond to the threats of casualisation. Of concern here, is the extent to which attempts to promote the security of existing union members is compatible with attempts to organise non-standard employees. This thesis shows that the unions have developed a complex amalgam of strategies in their efforts to regulate non-standard employment relationships.
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Li, Hong. "The Bosman Ruling and the regulation of football in the People's Republic of China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2291716.
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Tran, Le-Thuy. "Introduction to Regulation of Competition in South East Asia : A Comparative Study of Antimonopoly Laws in Vietnam and Indonesia, and Their Models." Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7515.
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Greusard, Olivier. "Anti-corruption laws and firms behavior : lessons from the FCPA enforcement activity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E052.
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L’impact de la régulation sur le comportement des entreprises est un sujet de débat récurrent où s’opposent les partisans d’une plus grande intervention publique et leurs contradicteurs. Dans cette thèse, j’étudie la réaction des entreprises visées et celle de leurs pairs lorsqu’ils apprennent l’ouverture d’une nouvelle investigation pour motif de paiement de pots-de-vin présumé. Pour ce faire, j’utilise le cas des entreprises poursuivies pour atteinte aux dispositions de la loi anti-corruption nord-américaine, le Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Je fais dans une première partie l’état de l’art des modèles utilisés par la littérature pour lier régulation et qualité de l’information comptable. Puis, dans un deuxième article, j’étudie avec mon co-auteur l’évolution de la qualité de l’information comptable des entreprises visées par une enquête FCPA et des entreprises du même secteur (pairs). Nos résultats suggèrent que les pairs améliorent la qualité de leur information comptable quand ils apprennent l’ouverture d’une investigation FCPA dans leur secteur, mettant en lumière un effet dissuasif de la loi à travers le canal du risque d’information. De manière surprenante, les entreprises visées ne semblent pas, quant à elles, améliorer significativement leur information comptable. Dans un troisième article, je me focalise sur les pairs et les effets économiques réels de l’application de la loi FCPA et j’analyse l’impact de l’ouverture d’une enquête sur le niveau d’investissement des pairs ayant une activité internationale. Les résultats montrent que ceux-ci tendent à diminuer le niveau de leurs investissements quand ils apprennent l’ouverture d’une nouvelle investigation dans leur secteur mais cet effet s’atténue quand le procureur utilise des outils alternatifs de résolution pour clore l’investigation. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’au-delà de l’effet dissuasif sur les pairs de l’annonce d’une investigation dans leur secteur, le mode de résolution de l’enquête utilisé par le procureur peut également influencer le comportement des pairs. En conclusion, cette thèse montre que la loi anti-corruption peut avoir un effet dissuasif sur les pairs, qui tendent à améliorer leur comportement pour répondre à un stimulus règlementaire<br>The impact of regulation on the behavior of firms is a subject of constant debate between more or less need for public intervention in the decision process of firms. In this thesis, I investigate the direct effect on targeted firms and the indirect effect on peer firms of law enforcement using the cases enforced between 1978 and 2015 under Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the U.S. Anti-Bribery law, as a framework. I firstly review the literature on earnings management, and more specifically on accrual-based models, to analyze the efficiency of accrual-based models to capture changes in regulation. In a second paper, I investigate with my co-author the accrual quality of bribe-paying firms and their competitors and find a positive effect of law enforcement on the accrual quality of bribe-paying firms’ competitors, but not the bribe-paying firms. Our results suggest a positive impact of antibribery law enforcement that incentivizes other firms to enhance their accounting information once they acknowledge a bribing behavior of a peer following the information risk channel. In a third paper, I focus on the indirect effect of law enforcement on peer firms and investigate the real economic effects of anti-bribery enforcement on the level of investment of peers. I find that peer firms decrease the level of their investment once they acknowledge the opening of a FCPA investigation in their industry. More surprisingly, I find a weakening in the decrease of investment for the cases acknowledged after December 2004, when the prosecutor used for the first time alternative resolution vehicles to conclude a FCPA case. These results suggest that, beyond the impact of law enforcement itself, the prosecution mode also affects the behavior of peer firms. In sum, this thesis shows that anti-bribery law enforcement can have a deterrent effect that impacts peer firms, who tend to adapt their behavior in response to a regulatory stimulus
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KRACHKOVSKAYA, ELIZAVETA. "Explaining intellectual property: the emergence of intangible property contract regulation in the XXI century." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266817.
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The rise of the digital environment and the Internet during the last decades
resulted in a number of novel issues in the field of intellectual property rights
(IPRs) and Internet contract (IC) regulation. Many doctrinal approaches have
attempted to elaborate adequate models for the management of IPRs and IC
implementation. From the technical point of view, several solutions to
managing IPRs and implementing IC exist. We still miss, however, a fullyfledged
theoretical framework that articulates the features of the new kinds of
property that arise in relation to digital goods and the role of users’ input. The
lack of a legal and regulatory theory of new kinds of property is often at the
origin of provisions that are not very accurate or stringent to the users who
are held accountable and responsible for their actions. The aim of this
dissertation is to suggest basic subject-matter design principles that should be
taken into account when drafting and enacting intellectual property and
contract laws:
Principle 1: Provide precise, clear, and unambiguous definitions of
key concepts and terms such as intangible property, intangible property
rights, intangible property works and goods, IPM. This principle is needed for
achieving a certain level of legal certainty and limiting the scope of the laws
implementation. The analysis of existing intellectual property (IP) and IC
laws in different jurisdictions across continents suggests that according to the
development and creation of new forms of creativity it is possible to defining
core terms of intangible property protection.
Principle 2: Enforce IP legislation in the context of intangible property
provisions. The review of legal regimes under various legal frameworks as
well as the overview of legislation in the U.S. and in Europe suggests that
intangible property provisions tend to change the allocation of rights
previously embodied in the respective national IP laws. Particularly
significant shifts can be observed in areas such as rights of use, access,
communication and traditional user privileges such as fair use or the 'right' to
make private copies. Thus, it is crucial to carefully design the framework
applicable to IPM, provide appropriate mechanisms for the effective
enforcement of rights, analyse the interplay of the exception regime with the other core elements of the IP framework.
Principle 3: Enforce IC discretion with regard to principles of contract
law and remedies and adhere to the principle of the new transaction
environment. IC frameworks provide some degrees of flexibility in new
method of manifesting contractual intention and analytical process of
establishing the contents of a contract. Establishing the obligations of the
parties should carefully consider the analytical process of defining the
contents of a contract, thereby following the principle of contractual intention
(PCI). Among the usual options to be considered are the analytical process of
establishing the obligations of the parties, the incorporation of descriptions of
the contractual subject matter and assertions as to its quality or performance
and liability perspective. In addition, the interplay among the liability
provisions and the other elements of the framework, including scope and
exceptions, must be equilibrated.
Principle 4: The monitoring and review of the effects of the IPM need
to incorporate necessary procedures and tools of intangible property rights
protection. It is crucial to establish mechanisms that take into account the
effects of Internet innovations. Such processes and tools might include
technical, legislative and procedure review and might focus, among others
things, on the core zones of concern outlined in the context of this dissertation
with special attention on the IPM.
In sum, IP and IC law might provide a helpful structure for intangible
property regulation with these principles in mind. The discussion of the
various options and approaches helps to determine the necessary components
and infrastructure of the IPM.
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Chigavazira, Farai. "The regulation of agricultural subsidies in the World Trade Organization framework : a developing country perspective." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1874.
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The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of tradedistorting agricultural subsidies and thereby reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising food security especially by developed countries. Developing countries have suffered negatively from the subsidy programmes of developed countries who continue to subsidize their agricultural sector. This position of the developing countries in the global trade system which has been described as weak, has drawn criticism that the WTO as it currently operates does not protect the interests of the weak developing nations, but rather strengthens the interests of the strong developed nations. The green box provisions which are specifically designed to regulate payments that are considered trade neutral or minimally trade distorting has grossly been manipulated by developed countries at the mercy of the AoA. Developed countries continue to provide trade distorting subsidies under the guise of green box support. This is defeating the aims and objectives of the AoA. The study examines the regulation of WTO agricultural subsidies from the developing countries’ belvedere. It looks at the problems WTO member states face with trade distorting subsidies, but focuses more on the impact these have on developing states. It scrutinizes the AoA’s provisions regulating subsidies with a view to identify any loopholes or shortcomings which undermine the interests and aspirations of developing countries. This is behind the background that some of the provisions of the AoA are lenient towards the needs of developed countries at the expense of developing countries.
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Calliou, Brian. "Losing the game, wildlife conservation and the regulation of First Nations hunting in Alberta, 1880-1930." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60048.pdf.
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Knutsson, Mikael. "Compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation: an exploratory case study on business systems’ adaptation." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209772.
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Current moves into a heavily digitalized era has led to a phase where our privacy is being eroded as we hand over our personal data to organizations and their systems. At the same time, the applicable laws to give security to the individuals have failed to incorporate these legal developments. However, in April 2016 the European Union proposed a change to a new regulation called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GDPR will be implemented and start to apply in May 2018, thus the main purpose of this study was to investigate how organizations can adapt to changing regulations on how personal data should be stored and managed, and what the key tension points are within specifically closed IT-systems. The goal of the GDPR and this study on its feature implementation is to guarantee the EU citizens their right to privacy. Through an exploratory case study involving an in-depth analysis of two closed IT-systems this study develops a broader understanding on how organizations should adapt their daily businesses in order to be fully compliant with the new bylaws. This study identifies four critical issues which are used to discuss how the new bylaws could affect the EU citizens’ privacy. To accomplish this and open up for further investigation within the field of data privacy laws - four different propositions to modifications were suggested.<br>Den aktuella övergången till en omfattande digitaliserad tid har lett till en fas där vår integritet går förlorad då vi överlämnar vår personliga information till organisationer och deras system. Samtidigt har de tillämpade datalagarna med syfte att skydda individen misslyckats med att införliva denna utveckling. Därför har den Europeiska Unionen i april 2016 föreslagit en förändring till en ny reglering som får namnet Dataskyddsförordningen. Dataskyddsförordningen kommer blir implementerad och börja gälla i maj 2018 och därav var huvudsyftet med den här studien att undersöka hur organisationer bör anpassa sig till de nya riktlinjerna för hur personlig information bör lagras och hanteras samt vilka spänningspunkterna är för slutna IT-system. Målet med Dataskyddsförordningen och vad den här studien beaktade i dess kommande utförande är att garantera EU-medborgare rätten till sin integritet. Genom att utföra en undersökande fallstudie innehållandes en djupgående analys av två slutna IT-system har den här studien bidragit med en bredare förståelse för hur organisationer bör anpassa sina dagliga verksamhet för att vara helt medgörliga med Dataskyddsförordningen. Studien har identifierat fyra kritiska problem som har legat till grund för att diskutera hur den nya förordningen kommer påverka EU-medborgarnas rätt till sin integritet. För att göra det möjligt samt öppna upp för framtida undersökningar inom ramen för dataskyddslagar föreslogs fyra förslag på generella förändringar.
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Mumford, Peter John. "Enhancing performance-based regulation : lessons from New Zealand's building control system : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [in Public Policy] /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1206.
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Brumatti, Vitor Pachioni. "Olha o anúncio! A percepção dos atores envolvidos a respeito das leis e regulamentações da publicidade infantil e uma proposta para instrumentalização da sociedade para uma ação efetiva dessa regulamentação. /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192520.
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Orientador: Roseane Andrelo<br>Resumo: A infância é um período de formação do indivíduo que exige uma atenção especial em relação aos cuidados para garantir o seu bom desenvolvimento. É dever do Estado, da família e da sociedade atuar para protegê-la e garantir que tenha seus direitos preservados de forma integral. Quando se trata do consumo midiático realizado pelo público infantil, mais especificamente em relação à publicidade, os cuidados não podem ser reduzidos, muito pelo contrário, essa temática necessita de um olhar atento e constante. Dessa forma, o processo de regulamentação e desenvolvimento de políticas públicas deve estar sempre em pauta na sociedade. No Brasil, há um sistema misto entre leis, resoluções, normativas e a autorregulamentação que tratam da publicidade infantil, porém isso não significa que o processo transcorra de forma plena e sem apresentar problemas a serem enfrentados. Muitas vezes, as leis e resoluções não alcançam uma aplicação em sua totalidade, com isso fazendo que surgisse o seguinte questionamento: a partir das percepções dos atores envolvidos no processo de construção das políticas públicas a respeito da publicidade infantil e das leis e regulamentações existentes no Brasil, é possível ampliar as formas de implementação das políticas públicas a partir da sensibilização e ação da sociedade? Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo, que considera a regulamentação da publicidade infantil no Brasil e a percepção de atores envolvidos com a temática, consistiu em propor um meio de instru... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Doutor
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Laplane, Marcelo. "Regulação do setor eletrico brasileiro : uma analise do "custo regulatorio"." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285416.
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Orientador: Edgard Antonio Pereira<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T06:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: Na presente dissertação o setor elétrico é utilizado como mote para discutir e caracterizar o conceito de ¿custo regulatório¿. Ademais, realiza-se aqui uma tentativa de medi-lo através da avaliação da comparação entre a rentabilidade das distribuidoras de energia elétrica e o custo de oportunidade de seus investimentos. Para contextualizar o problema é feita uma descrição das características da indústria elétrica, dos mecanismos de regulação de monopólios e de seus limites. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o conceito convencional de ¿custo regulatório¿ deve ser relativizado e que um mercado bem regulado pode funcionar melhor do que um desregulado<br>Abstract: Not informed.<br>Doutorado<br>Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Zhang, Lei. "Uncompensated Care Provision and the Economic Behavior of Hospitals: the Influence of the Regulatory Environment." Diss., unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02242009-152847/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.<br>Title from file title page. Paul G. Farnham, committee chair; Patricia G. Ketsche , Douglas S. Noonan (Ga. Tech.), Shiferaw Gurmu, Karen J. Minyard, William S. Custer, committee members. Description based on contents viewed June 11, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-153).
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Neple, Pernille. "The regulation of mercenary and private security-related activities under South African law compared to other legislations and conventions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1896.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have become increasingly
important actors since the end of the Cold War. They provide a wide range of services
and are therefore difficult to classify. Many view them as new front companies for
mercenaries, which this thesis argues is not the case.
Few states have put in place legislation to deal with the problems caused by
these companies, and they are therefore generally not accountable to states. This is
problematic because their services are within an area where states have traditionally
had monopoly. This thesis studies the new South African legislation, the Prohibition
of Mercenary Activities and Regulation of Certain Activities in Country of Armed
Conflict Act of 2006, which was put in place in order to ban mercenaries and regulate
the services offered by the private military and security companies based in the
country. By comparing it to the older South African legislation, the thesis evaluates
the extent to which the new legislation has been able to close loopholes inherent in the
old legislation.
The new South African legislation is also compared to the international
conventions which bans mercenaries. By banning these actors, South Africa is very
much in line with the international community when it designed the conventions.
However, PNSCs are not mercenaries.
The thesis then compares the new South African legislation to the domestic
regulation in place in the United States of America. It finds that despite having many
of the same weaknesses as the South African legislation, it is more likely that the
American regulation will be abided by than the South African. This is due to the
positive relationship between the US government and American PMSCs, and the fact
that the government is a major client of the companies. South Africa does not enjoy
the same positive relationship with its companies.
Finally, the new South African legislation is compared to the UK Green Paper
of 2002, which presented options of how to deal with the companies. The ban on
mercenaries put in place by the new South African legislation was discouraged in the
Green Paper. The licensing regime (as in the USA) that was proposed by the Green
Paper, however, is similar to the authorisation scheme established in South Africa.
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Chatton, Gregor T. "Die Verknüpfung von Handel und Arbeitsmenschenrechten innerhalb der WTO : politisches Scheitern und rechtliche Perspektiven /." Geneve : Schulthess, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014174911&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Gerona, Morales Marcelo Esteban. "El comercio de productos agrícolas en la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC)." Quito : Abya-Yala, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/65189840.html.
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Katz, Ígor Santos. "A legislação aduaneira brasileira frente à desburocratização do comércio internacional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20283.
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-11<br>The standardization of international trade is a global reality where we find traces since the period of Lex Mercatoria until more recently, in the 1920s, the ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) wanted to harmonize the main terms of trade that afterward would be called as Incoterms (International Commercial Terms), given that the current version is the 2010 and include 11 terms (EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP e DDP). The are International Organization such as WCO (Word Customs Organization) and OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operational and Development, among others, working hard to harmonize the rule of international trade.
Regarding the Brazilian rules and the harmonization of international trade rules, a great part of militate in the customs area believes that the standardization of basic proceeds of international trade will bring greater legal security on business practice and maybe would avoid some questions that sometimes seems to be peculiar to Brazilian market. Proof of this, occurs when the Brazilian buyer requires to the European or American seller to issue the commercial invoice in accordance with the Brazilian regulation in order to avoid customs penalties and extra costs in the process, such as storage and demurrage.
In the relentless pursuit of trade simplification and good-faith in the international trade relation is when we actually looks in the subject with vision that the importer and exporter could have more predictability of the process of customs clearance<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar alguns aspectos da legislação aduaneira frente à necessidade de harmonização do comércio internacional. Em hipótese alguma visa apenas reduzir a termo tudo aquilo que já se conhece ou que já se fala atualmente sobre esta, que é uma das mais antigas atividades sobre a qual se tem informação.
A padronização do comércio internacional é uma realidade global sobre a qual encontra-se vestígios desde a época da antiga Lex Mercatoria. Mais recentemente, na década de 1920, a Câmara de Comércio Internacional (CCI) buscou harmonizar os principais termos de comércio, que posteriormente seriam chamados de International Commercial Terms (Incoterms). Sua versão atual é de 2010 e contempla 11 termos (EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP e DDP). Existem organizações internacionais como a Organização Mundial das Alfândegas (OMA) e a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), dentre outras, trabalhando com afinco para uniformizar as regras de comércio no âmbito internacional.
No tocante às regras brasileiras e à uniformização das regras de comércio internacional, boa parte dos que militam na área aduaneira acreditam que a padronização de procedimentos básicos do comércio internacional traria maior segurança jurídica na prática e que, talvez, evitaria questionamentos que, às vezes, parecem peculiares ao mercado brasileiro. Prova disto ocorre quando o comprador brasileiro requer ao vendedor europeu ou americano a emissão de fatura comercial de acordo com a regulamentação brasileira com a intenção de evitar multas aduaneiras e, custos extras no processo relacionados, por exemplo, à armazenagem e demurrage.
Na busca incessante de facilitar o comércio e a boa-fé nas relações de comércio internacional é que se debruça no tema com o objetivo de que o importador e o exportador possam ter maior previsibilidade do processo aduaneiro
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Knebl, Vladimír. "Vyhodnocení doplňkové výbavy karoserií vozidel z pohledu legislativy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232664.
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This thesis discusses the possibilities of additional equipment on vehicle body. The content of the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on clarifying the fundamental concepts, including the issue of legislative regulations and laws. The practical part deals with specific examples of changes in the body, which are then examined in terms of legislation and clarify their possible assembly and conditions of use.
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Tong, González Francisco. "Administrative Simplification and "Positive Regulation" in the Environmental and Mining Regulations." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119160.
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In this article, the author studies the objectives and principles established during the 90’s,with respect to administrative simplification in contrast with the current governmental objectives for the optimization of the economy and reduction of unnecessary procedures,basically related to mining and environmental proceedings. Finally, the author proposes theneed for a structural change in Peruvian Mining and Environmental Regulations under the framework of what he calls a «positive regulation».<br>En el presente artículo el autor reflexiona acerca de los objetivos y principios trazados en la década del noventa, en lo que respecta específicamente a la simplificación administrativa comparándolos con los objetivos actuales de dinamización de la economía y reducción de trámites innecesarios; principalmente, los referidos a procedimientos mineros y ambientales. Finalmente, el autor plantea la necesidad de un cambio estructural en la regulación ambiental y minera bajo la forma de lo que denomina una «regulación positiva».
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Enright, Walter Ian Brooke. "Themes in insurance law." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33899.
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1. There are two major pieces of work (the Code Review and Sutton) and a number of themes that are the subject matter for this submission. The Insurance Council of Australia appointed me as the Independent Reviewer of the General Insurance Code of Practice, under the Code and the Terms of Reference, on 3 May 2012. 2. The Code Review work took about two years and involved the Code Issues Paper in October 2012 of 111 pages and the Code Review Report in May 2013 of 205 pages. The majority of my recommendations were accepted and the report has made a contribution to the rethinking of self-regulation and the place of voluntary codes in financial services. By then I was writing, with Professor Robert Merkin QC Sutton on Insurance Law for its 4th Edition. It is two volumes, 24 chapters and about 2100 pages excluding tables and index; my contribution was 12 chapters totalling about 960 pages. 3. The Code Review work, particularly on government agency regulation and self-regulation, influenced the pervasive material in Sutton on regulation. It was the subject of the AIDA Rome paper in 2014 on Principles for Self-Regulation; the paper was published by AIDA. 4. Sutton was published in 2015. Its themes are set out below. Those themes are in turn influences in the other work for this submission. There are seven main themes in the publications which I present in this submission. 5. The historical influences in relation to my Code Review and the historical contextual material in Sutton stimulated my interest in the wider influences on the development of commerce, insurance and law, with a central interest in the ethical foundations of the law and regulation. This aspect was also developed in the Masel Lecture and the article William Murray, Lord Mansfield: His Life, Times and Legacy – Good Faith and Good Works. 6. There had been a number of issues raised in my Code Review about mental illness, insurance and discrimination. I spoke at AIDA in Rome 2014 on Insurance Discrimination Law and the paper was published by AIDA. Then in 2016, the Australian Centre for Financial Studies commissioned me to write the ACFS MID Paper on the use by insurers of mental illness data. The historical perspective and the regulatory framework were important features of both papers. 7. A number of the Sutton themes were first opened out in my Professional Indemnity Insurance Law. The main themes were, in decreasing order of connection with Professional Indemnity Insurance Law, as follows. The first theme is the identification, development and application of the indemnity principle. The second is the adaptation and application of the analysis of contracts by primary and secondary obligations. This theme is in Sutton on the main concepts in insurance as well as liability insurance issues. The Liability Disputes Chapter condenses this thinking and account. The third theme was a renovation of how life insurance issues should be analysed and presented. This life insurance material was then adapted and infused with practical guidance on the decision making process on some issues for the FOS Life Insurance Manual. I developed an aspect of life insurance in the TPD Article. Each of these themes are in my submission original in concept and execution. Each has influenced the development of the law by legisation and the courts.
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Gijrath, Serge J. H. "Interconnection regulation and contract law /." Amstelveen : deLex, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/52374515X.pdf.
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Karimu, Waliyu. "Pacifier la presse écrite en Côte d’Ivoire, Analyse de deux décennies de tentatives de professionnalisation des quotidiens ivoiriens depuis 1990." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080091/document.
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Cette thèse présente et interroge les différentes politiques visant à professionnaliser la presse écrite ivoirienne à partir de l’année 1990, à la faveur du « printemps de la presse ». C’est en effet à partir de cette date que de nombreux titres privés essaiment au fil des années. Il se pose très vite des problèmes liés au respect des règles éthiques et déontologiques. En 1991, avec la mise en place de la première loi sur la presse en Côte d’Ivoire, de nombreuses autres mesures suivent. Elles ont toutes pour finalité de parvenir à l’objectif principal mentionné plus haut. Aussi bien du côté de l’Etat que des groupes professionnels de journalistes soutenus par des organisations non gouvernementales, il devenait indispensable de se mobiliser pour aider les journalistes à prendre conscience de leur responsabilité au sein de la société et à parfaire leur pratique selon les normes locales.Après plus d’une vingtaine d’années de mise en application de ces différentes initiatives, nous nous interrogerons dans un premier temps sur leur impact réel dans la production des journaux. Nous souhaiterons ensuite montrer comment l’État ivoirien s’est fortement impliqué dans le secteur de la presse, au point de sembler la contrôler quasiment. Enfin, Nous essayerons d’expliquer d’une part le rôle important joué par les acteurs du secteur pour renforcer les capacités des journalistes et réduire l’ingérence étatique, et d’autre part les nouveaux défis qui se profilent face à l’essor de l’Internet en Côte d’Ivoire. L’approche retenue est celle d'une sociohistoire qui s'appuie sur des entretiens et une analyse des documents produits en interne par les organisations professionnelles<br>This thesis presents and questions the various policies aimed at professionalizing the 1990 Ivorian written press, thanks to the "spring of the press". Indeed, from that date onwards, many private titles have developed over the years. Problems related to compliance with ethics and ethical rules arise very quickly.In 1991, with the implementation of the first press law in Côte d'Ivoire, many other measures followed. They all aim to achieve the main objective mentioned above. Both on the government side and professional groups of journalists supported by non-governmental organizations, it became essential to mobilize to help journalists to become aware of their responsibility in society and to perfect their practice according to standards local.After more than twenty years of implementation of these various initiatives, we will first consider their real impact in the production of newspapers. We would then like to show how the Ivorian government has been heavily involved in the press sector, to the point of seeming to control it almost. Finally, we will try to explain on the one hand the important role played by the actors of the sector to reinforce the capacities of the journalists and to reduce the state interference, and on the other hand the new challenges that face in the rise of The Internet in Côte d'Ivoire. The approach adopted is that of a sociohistory which is based on interviews and analysis of documents produced internally by media professional
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Bonnamour, Blandine. "Le dommage en droit international privé européen. Réflexions à partir du règlement Rome II sur la loi applicable aux obligations non-contractuelles." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30033.
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Le règlement Rome II sur la loi applicable aux obligations non contractuelles énonce une règle de conflit commune aux États membres de l’Union européenne. La sécurité juridique représente son objectif substantiel premier. Sur ce fondement en particulier, le texte érige un élément principal de rattachement relativement inédit en droit international privé comparé : le dommage. La confrontation de ce critère à l’exigence de sécurité juridique met cependant en lumière le caractère inachevé de l’œuvre européenne. L’amphibologie de la notion de dommage risque, en effet, de mettre à mal la satisfaction de l’exigence de sécurité. Cette recherche entend proposer des solutions à l’incomplétude du critère du dommage. Des réflexions d’ordre théorique et pratique conduisent à envisager deux séries de réponses. Les premières s’adressent au praticien. Elles consistent en l’élaboration d’une notion conflictuelle autonome de dommage, distincte de la notion substantielle de préjudice. Une seconde solution s’adresse directement au législateur de l’Union, dans l’hypothèse d’une révision de la règle européenne de conflit de lois. Il s’agit de proposer une autre méthodologie, qui repose sur la consécration d’un droit international privé européen du dommage. Celle-Ci s’entend de l’élaboration de nouvelles catégories conflictuelles, exclusivement organisées autour du dommage<br>The Rome II regulation on the law applicable to non-Contractual obligations states a common rule of conflict into the European Union. Legal security is one of its main purposes and justifies more specifically the choice of an unprecedented connecting factor in comparative international private law: the damage. Nevertheless, the notion of damage covers many different meanings in the different countries of European Union. This plurality may compromise the satisfaction of legal security and, by failing to address this specific issue, the European regulation Rome II turns out to be unfinished.This study intends to suggest solutions to effectively complement and harmonize the notion of damage as a connecting factor in European international private law.Some theoretical and practical reflections lead us to consider two types of answer. The first one is aimed at practitioners. It consists in drawing up an autonomous notion of damage distinct from the material notion of prejudice. A second solution is aimed at the European legislator. It consists in a new methodology based on the adoption of a European international private law of the damage. This means drawing up new conflict categories, exclusively organized around the notion of damage
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Mühlbauer, Kristina. "Berücksichtigung der ausländischen Eingriffsnormen im Art. 9 Rom I-VO." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22884.
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Die Arbeit setzt sich mit dem neuen europäischen Anknüpfungskonzept für ausländisches Eingriffsrecht in der Rom I-VO auseinander. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht die politisch motivierte und restriktiv ausgefallene Regelung des Art. 9 Abs. 3 Rom I-VO. Zudem widmet sich ein Teil der Untersuchung allgemein der hinter dem Eingriffsrecht – insbesondere dem Konzept des ausländischen Eingriffsrechts im IPR – stehenden Dogmatik, die aus einer dogmatisch-historischen Perspektive beleuchtet wird.
Schwerpunktmäßig gilt es der Frage nachzugehen, welche Überlegungen hinter der neuen Kollisionsnorm stehen und ob die Sonderanknüpfung des Art. 9 Abs. 3 Rom I-VO einen dogmatisch geeigneten, mit der Zielsetzung der Rom I-VO vereinbaren rechtlichen Rahmen für die einheitliche kollisionsrechtliche Berufung der berücksichtigungswürdigen ausländischen Eingriffsnormen in den Mitgliedstaaten schafft.<br>The thesis examines the European concept of the newly defined connecting factor for foreign overriding mandatory rules in the Rome I Regulation. The central attention of the study is the analysis of the politically motivated and restrictive regulation of Art. 9 (3) of the Rome I Regulation. In addition, the first part of the study is dedicated to the examination of the general approach behind the application of foreign overriding mandatory rules in private international law from a dogmatic-historical perspective.
The main focus of the thesis, however, is on the research of the considerations behind the new conflict of laws rule. The author specifically questions whether the new connecting factor defined in the Art. 9 (3) Rome I Regulation provides a worthy and sufficient legal framework for the application of foreign overriding mandatory rules.
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HAYASHI, Shuya, and 秀弥 林. "Merger Regulation in the Antimonopoly Law." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10650.
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McCahery, Joseph. "Regulatory competition, economic regulation, and law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34750/.
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One often meets the view that economic regulation should be understood in terms of Pareto efficiency. Economic theories of law have traditionally focused on concepts such as market failure, efficiency, and inefficiency. Proponents assume that under the conditions of perfect competition, rational economic actors will enact courses of action that tend to induce Pareto outcomes. The idea of perfect competition means that markets which are competitive will induce efficient outcomes. The perfect competition approach has focused on the conception of market failure as the foundation for designing regulatory policy. Until recently, lawyers overwhelmingly relied upon a model of economic contract, developed over the last two decades in law and economics, as a normative structure to guide efficient decision-making.
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Hsin, Shao-Chi, and 辛紹祺. "A STUDY OF THE REGULATION OF ANESTHESIA IN TAIWAN---INVESTIGATION OF ANESTHETIC LAWS, REGULATIONS AND CONTRACTS ON THE BASIS OF CIVIL LAWS." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07070907249273097925.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>法律學系<br>99<br>ABSTRACT
On investigating the legal phenomenon of "medical practice of anesthesia" in Taiwan, we astonishedly found the similar horrible truth within those serious health security incidents, such as " plasticizer ", “ toxic milk”, “influenza vaccine”, “Sister Qiu event”, “North City Hospital event”, “National Taiwan University HIV Infected Transplant events” ... and so on. Hidden behind the scenes, but day after day, existing the amazing lawless situations: mainly due to the distorted health policy of Health Department and the illegal payments of Bureau of National Health Insurance for the” rechtswidrig” and even the “criminal act” of "medical practice of anesthesia", the anesthetic employees of the tiny clinics and huge hospitals, the present Taiwan's bipolar types of medical institutes, could not be forced to yield to the reality and give up their professional specialty. Resulting in that all "medical practices of anesthesia" are almost neither " rechtmaessig " nor " proper behavior of occupation” in Taiwan. Such an extreme queer state means Taiwan’s "medical practices of anesthesia" are all illegal now. Although Department of Health has been impeached to correct the defects of its "medical practice of anesthesia" policy by the Control Yuan in 2011, the government still lazily administrate without the slightest reform.
There are two major illegal types of "medical practice of anesthesia" in the medical institutes: 1. In the huge hospitals, although the anesthetists participating "medical practice of anesthesia" (prestation act), but all adopt "one anesthetist performing anesthesia for two or more patients simultaneously”. 2. Violating the medical regulations, most tiny clinics have neither “physician practice registration” nor “previously approved physician support announcement” of the employed anesthetists. The common major illegal types of anesthetic practices are "the same operator performing both operation and anesthesia at one time", " the operator without professional competence of anesthesia instructing an anesthetic nurses to perform anesthesia " and " employment of part-time anesthetists violating the terms of physician practice registration” and “prohibition of business strife”. The above illegal anesthesia practice modes violate “duty to take care(foresee and avoid )”due to increasing the risk of anesthesia for no reason, "principle of informed consent" and "duty to explain and label” resulting in negation of “statutory justification”. Their "anesthesia contracts" are not constituted due to “lack of essentials of establishment and validation” and “discordance of the essential elements of the declared intention”. These illegal anesthesia practice modes might also apply the civil laws of "unauthorized agency", "self agency", and also the criminal accusations of "fraud", "breach of trust", "forging documents", " published forging business documents "," practicing as physician without physician license "," hiring or maintaining staff without physician license to administer medical services "and" inappropriate professional behavior of physician "and so on.
The main items of the illegal payments of Bureau of National Health Insurance for "medical practice of anesthesia" include: 1. Payment for non-anesthesia specialist performing anesthesia (intravenous general anesthesia, intravenous regional anesthesia, plexus block anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia); 2. Payments for “one anesthetist performing anesthesia for two or more patients simultaneously”. The significant negligence of concrete issues of Department of Health and the Health Bureau list as below: 1. Department of Health announced “anesthesia consent form” does not document “essential elements of the declared intention” of anesthesia contract in writing form (anesthetist to provide one to one with full presence of the anesthetic medical care). 2. The government has never executed the supervision, announcement and mark of “physician practice registration and previously approved support announcement” of anesthetists in confirmity with the medical regulations. 3. The government long-term connived medical institutes presumptuous claiming of alternative "anesthesia specialist" (anesthetic nurses) in replacement of anesthetists and providing illegal anesthesia medical services. 4 The government never exam for the concrete issues of "anesthetic medical care" as performing the hospital patient safety evaluation and supervision of medical institutes.
Because of the general, legal and medical characteristics of the multiple features of "anesthetic medical care", the basis and content of its legal norms are very different to those of general medical practices. In Taiwan, it is very rare for patients able to contact and make contracts with anesthetists directly. So that, on discussing the obligation of "anesthetic medical care", we have to shift the target level from “prestation act” to “juristical act” of "anesthetic medical care".
In this assay, based on the articles of the general principles and obligations of civil code, also with the three-step logic of "legal facts", "law application" and "legal effect" of "anesthetic medical care", we try to define the subject, object and content in the legal relationship of "anesthetic medical care", expound the definition and character of "anesthetic medical care" by the principles of law of obligations, confirm the classification and types of "anesthetic medical care" on the basis of character of the law of obligations, clarify the special essentials for the “rechtliche Handlung”and “proper behavior of occupation” of “anesthetic medical care”. Accordingly, we then take turn to study " tenor of obligation", "duty of prestation " and "contingent obligation"(Nebepflichten) of "anesthetic medical care" to explain the concrete “prestation content" and "juridical (rights and obligations) relations" of "anesthetic medical care". To define the ” unerlaubten Handlungen” and “criminal act” of "anesthetic medical care". In accordance with Taiwan's anesthesia practice state, we develop "example clause" of "standard contract" and ensure both "doctors and patients rights and obligations”, a vision to establish and compose the foundation of modern norms of Taiwan's " anesthetic medical care ".
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Ta, Shen, and 沈達. "Regulation of Offshore Securities Offerings under the R.O.C. Laws." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01454227342095255753.
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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>法學系<br>94<br>It is usual for capital to flow across the country everyday, and the international investments are increasing gradually.The traditional legal structure for single market has failed in dealing with the issuance and exchange between several capital markets.The lack of appropriate regulations would cause different problems for the stock market, and it is especially true for Taiwan which is in the process of internationalization.For instance, the issuers might issue stocks overseas to evade the supervision of the local authorities and have investors to buy the stocks with incomplete information. On the other hand, investors could subscribe the stocks overseas and simultaneously make short sale of the same class of local stocks at the to earn the fixed profit.These problems are not just for Taiwan, but also damaged the international capital markets.
Because of the lack of existing related literature for the native market, the current study was based on the perspective of the comparative law from the other country. The study would attempt to introduce legislation approaches and theories of the 1993 Securities Act, and then discuss the legislation and regulation needs on such problem in our country. Hopefully, the current study would provide some references for the securities regulation in Taiwan about offshore offering.The structure of this research is described below.
Chapter 1 is the background, objectives, scope and structure for the study, and methodology.
Chapter 2 reviewed the literature about the process of the offshore offering regulations for our country. It is found that the regulations were developed while the market was opened for foreign investment, without any theoretical basis.The current offshore offering regulations, and the key points and the revision directions for the ”Regulations Governing the Offering and Issuance of Overseas Securities by Issuers”were also reviewed.
Chapter 3 discussed the basis of jurisdiction for regulations of offshore offerings, and analyzed the conflict between current jurisdiction approach and legislative purpose.The worst defect of current regulation about exposing investors to the hidden investment risk was discussed with the example of the case of the global depository receipts (GDR) launched by First Financial Holding in the August of 2003 and the Procomp scandal. The defect indicated that the current regulation could not achieve the Securities and Exchange Act’s goal of protecting investors. Because of the defect of current regulation, the solutions were proposed by comparing with foreign legislative institution in the following chapter.
Chapter 4 focuses on comparative study, and used “Regulation S” as the main reference material. The jurisdiction approaches of offshore offering and the shaping process of Regulation S under American law were described in this chapter, including the review for the 1998 amendment. Based on the review aforementioned, the suggestions for the reform in Taiwan law were proposed.
Following the conclusions from previous chapter, opinions and suggestion for the questions in chapter 3 were provided in the Chapter 5, including the suggestions for the revise for the current regulations.
Chapter 6 is the integration the inference of above discussions, and the conclusion of this study.