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Maijoor, Steven Jacobus. "The economics of accounting regulation effects of Dutch accounting regulation for public accountants and firms /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1991. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5630.
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Rahman, Sheikh Fazlur. "Power and international accounting regulation : accounting policy making at the united nations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633248.
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The process of international accounting regulation is somewhat diffuse. Many organisations, e.g., the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations (UN) are involved -- each with its own different constituency, authority structure, and more importantly, its obj ectives. The third world nations' demands for greater disclosure by Transnational Corporations (INCs) have been taken up by the UN -- a debate to which the OECD and the lASC have also contributed. Negotiations over an acceptable set of disclosure standards have been carried on at the UN for more than twelve years. During this period the UN has repeatedly changed its position and has eventually failed to come up with a comprehensive set of final recommendations. It has, in effect, abandoned its pioneering stance as an accounting policy maker. This research attempts to investigate this failure of the UN by examining in some depth the accounting policy making process of the UN - - which in many senses reflects the tussle between the third world nations and the developed market economies. The political nature of accounting policy making is recognised and political concepts of '~' are used to understand and explain the process. In particular. the decision-oriented (i.e. One-Dimensional) pluralist methodology of power is used to analyse the conflicts and policy outcomes at the UN. tv Empirical evidence shows that organised pressures from the TNCs, co-ordinated under the joint forum of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the International Organisation of Employers (IOE) , was strengthened by the support given by governments of developed market economies active within various UN bodies and committees. The rule of one-nation, one-vote and decision making by majority vote -- provided for in the UN Charter - - was frequently overriden with a claim for decision making by absolute unanimity. This claim, coupled with a threat of non-compliance if decisions were taken otherwise, compelled the third world majority to accept the 'de facto veto' of a powerful minority. The United Nation's position on accounting policy issues has been significantly shifted through he use of such 'de facto veto' by the developed market economies. The conclusion is reached that given the present state of international economic relations, the economic power of the TNCs and their home countries, and in spite of the formal power (i.e. voting majority) in the hands of the third world countries the 'status guo' has largely been maintained. Also, in order to avoid the present embarrassing reality of frequently facing a host of developing nations at the UN the developed nations have seen other forums, particularly the OECD and the lASC, as being more amenable to their own purposes and eventually have been successful in converting the UN into a mere discussion forum rather than an accounting regulatory body.
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Liang, Yi. "Essays in Accounting Regulation and Earnings Management." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/513.
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Trombetta, Marco. "The economic analysis of accounting regulation : 3 essays." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302547.
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Kayed, Metwally Ahmed El-Sayed. "Accounting regulation in Egypt in relation to western influence." Thesis, University of Hull, 1990. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3112.
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Pei, Chris M. "Earnings Management and Accounting Fraud: Examining the Necessity of Regulation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/777.
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Earnings management and accounting fraud are detrimental to the integrity of financial reporting, and more worryingly, are pervasive. Furthermore, there is often a grey area in which individuals regularly question whether or not specified accounting methods are strictly legal and permitted, or an underhanded abuse of GAAP-granted flexibility. In response, recently there has been an uprising of legislation attempting to curb the incidence of both these events, but there is still question as to whether or not these attempts are effective, or even wholly necessary. This piece examines methods of accounting manipulation through an analysis of cases, and then analyzes the effects on companies of attempts at both regulation and prevention.
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Olarnsakul, Tavinie. "Can Regulation Improve Ethics Within The Auditing Profession?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1672.
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This paper will examine the effectiveness of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) in improving ethics within the external auditing profession. The first chapter explores well-known ethical theories and professional code of conducts related to the auditing profession. The second chapter details the generally accepted auditing standards and changes that have been made throughout the years. The third chapter examines past corporate fraudulent scandals (Waste Management, Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, Enron) and studies the role of auditors in contributing to the collapse of these corporations. The forth chapter details the objective of the SOX and how it plans to protect the investing public and improve the reliability of financial information. Finally, the fifth chapter compiles various research studies that examine the effects of the SOX and its impact on audit quality.
The author discovered that regulation could help enhance ethics through indirect measures that aim to improve audit qualities, and thus, promote virtue ethics within the auditing profession. Some of these measures include establishing an oversight board to strengthen regulation and enforcement (section 101), reducing the scope of non-audit services (section 201), requiring auditors to attest to a client’s internal control operating effectiveness (section 404) and promoting principles-based standards within the profession (section 108). Through these measures, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has managed to regain the public trust and improve audit quality, thereby, enhancing ethics within the auditing profession.
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Suster, Jack. "The Necessity for Increased Regulation of Proxy Advisory Firms." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/729.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current industry of proxy advisory firms, and the enormous influence they have on proxy voting at major U.S. companies. Their influence has grown a tremendous amount in the last decade but regulation of these firms is very weak, allowing them to behave in ways detrimental to the shareholders they are supposed to be helping. In order to ensure for an honest proxy advisory industry, the SEC needs to increase regulation of these firms and closely monitor their actions. This regulation must begin at the most basic level of these firm’s operations, advisory services pertaining to proxy voting.
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El, Sood Heba Abou. "Studies on the financial accounting, regulation and governance of banks." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659450.
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To the extent that financial institutions have a crucial role in the development and stability of the economy, poor performance of banks affects the financial fragility of the whole economy. In turn, accounting and regulatory bodies propose an array of regulations to shape banks operations and risk. This thesis examines financial accounting, regulation and governance issues in banks. It comprises three studies that cover these issues, In the first study, using a sample of U.S . bank holding companies over the period 2001-2009, I test and find strong evidence of regulatory capital management and income smoothing behavior using loan loss provisions. Bank holding companies accelerate loan loss provisions to smooth income when banks (1) hit the regulatory minimum target, (2) are in non-recessionary periods, and (3) are more profitable. In line with the topical debate on the overhaul of accounting standards for loan loss provisioning, I test and find support for the regulators' claim that the current accounting rules reinforce procyclicality in regulatory capital. The procyclicality inherent in loan loss provisions tends to accentuate regulatory capital management during economic downturns. The second study examines whether regulatory capital ratios are significantly associated with bank distress. It investigates whether the association is affected by the bank's proximity to the minimum required capital ratios. The results reveal that the association between the regulatory capital ratio and bank distress becomes significant if the bank holding company has a capital ratio of less than 6 percent, below which U.S. bank regulators do not regard banks as being well capitalized. During the financial crisis period of 2007-2009, I predict and find an insignificant association when the criterion for banks to To the extent that financial institutions have a crucial role in the development and stability of the economy, poor performance of banks affects the financial fragility of the whole economy. In turn, accounting and regulatory bodies propose an array of regulations to shape banks operations and risk. This thesis examines financial accounting, regulation and governance issues in banks. It comprises three studies that cover these issues, In the first study, using a sample of U.S . bank holding companies over the period 2001-2009, I test and find strong evidence of regulatory capital management and income smoothing behavior using loan loss provisions. Bank holding companies accelerate loan loss provisions to smooth income when banks (1) hit the regulatory minimum target, (2) are in non-recessionary periods, and (3) are more profitable. In line with the topical debate on the overhaul of accounting standards for loan loss provisioning, I test and find support for the regulators' claim that the current accounting rules reinforce procyclicality in regulatory capital. The procyclicality inherent in loan loss provisions tends to accentuate regulatory capital management during economic downturns. The second study examines whether regulatory capital ratios are significantly associated with bank distress. It investigates whether the association is affected by the bank's proximity to the minimum required capital ratios. The results reveal that the association between the regulatory capital ratio and bank distress becomes significant if the bank holding company has a capital ratio of less than 6 percent, below which U.S. bank regulators do not regard banks as being well capitalized. During the financial crisis period of 2007-2009, I predict and find an insignificant association when the criterion for banks toTo the extent that financial institutions have a crucial role in the development and stability of the economy, poor performance of banks affects the financial fragility of the whole' economy. In turn, accounting and regulatory bodies propose an array of regulations to shape banks ' operations and risk. This thesis examines financial accounting, regulation and governance issues in banks. It comprises three studies that cover these issues, In the first study, using a sample of U.S . bank holding companies over the period 2001-2009, I test and find strong evidence of regulatory capital management and income smoothing behavior using loan loss provisions. Bank holding companies accelerate loan loss provisions to smooth income when banks (1) hit the regulatory minimum target, (2) are in non-recessionary periods, and (3) are more profitable. In line with the topical debate on the overhaul of accounting standards for loan loss provisioning, I test and find support for the regulators' claim that the current accounting rules reinforce procyclicality in regulatory capital. The procyclicality inherent in loan loss provisions tends to accentuate regulatory capital management during economic downturns. The second study examines whether regulatory capital ratios are significantly associated with bank distress. It investigates whether the association is affected by the bank's proximity to the minimum required capital ratios. The results reveal that the association between the regulatory capital ratio and bank distress becomes significant if the bank holding company has a capital ratio of less than 6 percent, below which U.S. bank regulators do not regard banks as being well capitalized. During the financial crisis period of 2007-2009, I predict and find an insignificant association when the criterion for banks to be classified as well capitalized is set to its current threshold of 6 percent. The significance increases when I set the criterion to the higher levels of 8 percent, 10 percent and 12 percent respectively. Finally, the association is significantly enhanced when simultaneously including regulatory requirements with respect to both the leverage ratio and the tier I capital ratio. The third study investigates the influence of ownership structure of U.S. bank holding companies on risk-taking behavior during the period 2002-2009. More specifically, I test and find that concentrated shareholders discourage banks from investing in risky position: with respect to total assets, loans and off-balance-sheet items. Regarding the effect of the regulatory capital adequacy on the association between ownership concentration and bank risk taking, I find that the larger the regulatory capital, the less negative is the association between ownership concentration and risk taking in banks. Additionally, I find that this effect is more pronounced for well-capitalized bank holding companies than for poorly capitalized bank holding companies. Finally, T examine whether this effect differs significantly between the crisis period of 2007-2009 and the pre-crisis boom of 2002-2006. Results show that the effect of regulatory capital adequacy on the association between ownership concentration and risk taking is less pronounced for bank holding companies during a period of financial crisis relative to a pre-crisis boom period. Key Words: loan loss provisions, regulatory capital management, income smoothing, procyclicality, distress, default probability, financial crisis, ownership concentration, risk taking, bank holding company
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Willekens, Marleen. "Economic aspects of audit regulation and auditor liability." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36143/.
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This thesis provides one of the first (to the author's knowledge, the first) micro-economic analyses of audit regulation and auditor liability. The analysis draws on insights from the economics and law literature that liability and regulation affect behaviour of individuals and organisations. The major research questions addressed in the thesis are the following: 1) How is demand for external audit services affected by joint and several liability of directors and external auditors? 2) How do auditor liability and professional audit standards affect audit quality? 3) Is it in the public interest to use auditor liability and professional audit standards jointly to monitor audit quality? The analysis is general, in the sense that a number of alternative regulatory scenarios are considered, and therefore hopes to be of relevance to various legal environments. Propositions about audit demand and production behaviour are drawn, as well as corollaries about the welfare implications of audit regulation and liability. Some major conclusions from the economic analysis are the following. 1) Consistency in judicial reasoning should be promoted. Certainty about what constitutes 'due care' leads to compliance by directors and auditors. 2) Uncertainty about due care crucially affects behaviour, both of auditors and directors. 3) Liability insurance arguments are irrelevant for audit demand when the due care level for directors is fairly certain. 4) Statutory audit requirements should only be imposed under limited circumstances. 5) More prescriptive professional audit standards have a positive effect on audit quality, but one standard for all client situations can never lead to social efficiency. 6) Liability restriction has a negative effect on audit quality. It may however promote socially efficient behaviour when there is overproduction of audit quality. 7) The joint use of liability restriction and more prescriptive professional audit standards may lead to a status quo in terms of audit quality produced, and therefore not welfare improving.
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Peng, Songlan. "The Harmonization of Chinese Accounting Standards with International Accounting Standards: An Empirical Evaluation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/100400486.html.
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Eldaly, Mohamed Khaled. "Effects of the new regulations of the audit profession on the audit firms' strategies." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294283.
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The audit firms play an important role in the capital markets by verifying that auditors provide reliable information to the decision makers. However, trust in auditing firms has been questioned following Enron‘s failure and accounting scandals at WorldCom and other companies. As a result, Arthur Anderson failed and the number of big audit firms fell to four firms and no one knows who might be next. Defond and Francis (2005) believe that a critical trigger occurred when Deloitte & Touch issued a “clean” peer review report on Arthur Andersen in December 2001, just a few weeks before Andersen publicly announced that it had shredded documents related to Enron audit. The credibility and integrity of the profession‘s self-regulation program was immediately in doubt. To protect public interests and to restore confidence in the capital markets, the USA government issued the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. Similarly, the Financial Reporting Council in the UK provided the Professional Oversight Board with similar mission. This thesis aims to explore the role of independent audit regulators in promoting confidence in the audit profession, and analyse the big four firms’ strategies that react toward these regulatory changes in the audit markets. The lack of studies in this area supports the use of grounded theory as a research methodology. 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the top management level of the audit regulators and big four firms’ partners. This study contributes to the literature as it provides a better understanding of the satisfaction of the big four audit firms toward the new independent regulators, and how these firms react toward the additional requirements of the independent inspectors.
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Cutler, Joshua. "Private Litigation as a Regulator of Accounting Standards." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19230.
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I examine the impact of the trend of private class actions targeting alleged violations of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). I document the specific allegations in GAAP lawsuits and find that allegations involving revenue recognition and asset impairment recognition are two of the most common areas of GAAP cited. I test whether lawsuits lead to a reduction in the allegedly improper behavior, whether sued firms and their peers make other financial reporting changes, and whether these changes change firms’ stock price characteristics. I find that following relevant lawsuits, sued firms, firms in the same industry, and firms with a shared auditor generally exhibit less aggressive revenue recognition, but firms may increase aggressive revenue recognition in certain cases. Next, I examine the impact of asset impairment recognition allegations on the reporting of negative special items. I find few changes directly associated with these allegations but show that other litigation is associated with both increases and decreases in the propensity and size of negative special item reporting. I note that GAAP violations most often arise in an attempt to meet or beat analysts’ estimates, and I show following litigation firms are often more likely to beat analysts’ expectations by a larger margin. I also find significant increases in real earnings management of sued firms and their peers following many lawsuits, indicating a shift away from accruals-based management towards real activities management. Finally, I find mixed evidence of changes in stock return attributes. In some cases I observe significant changes consistent with reduced litigation risk and in others I observe the opposite. The results have implications for accounting standard setting and show that the legal system plays a critical role in shaping the financial reporting environment.
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Lin, Wen-shan. "Accounting Regulation and Information Asymmetry in the Capital Markets: An Empirical Study of Accounting Standard SFAS no 87." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277661/.
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This study uses both basic and self-selection regression models to test three hypotheses about the effect of SFAS 87 disclosures on information asymmetry during 1985- 1987. Both types of models test the hypotheses after controlling for changes in the inventory holding and order processing costs of the spread, while the self-selection models also control for potential self-selection bias.
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Hedmo, Lovisa, and Ebba Lind. "Legitimacy of Accounting Regulation Processes : The Case of Swedish Municipalities and Regions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388796.
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Accounting regulation, like any other institution, must be legitimate in order to be complied with. A key component for the legitimacy achievement is a legitimate regulation process. Consequently, the legitimacy of the accounting regulation process has real economic consequences for society as a whole. By building on a framework of prerequisites for a legitimate standard-setting process, the study develops a theoretical model for the analysis of an accounting regulation process’ legitimacy. The empirical setting of the study is distinct from the empirical setting of the literature included in the literature review, as it captures the regulation process of the new municipal accounting act in Sweden. By analyzing all the official documents corresponding to the regulation process of the new municipal accounting act, the study analyses the legitimacy achievement of the accounting regulation process. The results of the study showcase a heavily politically influenced regulation process, where there were deficiencies with the legitimacy achievement. Based on the results of the study, avenues for further research are suggested.
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Sobrevias, Ester Oliveras. "The new Spanish accounting regulatory framework : a case study of accounting regulation change in a European economy in transition." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1998. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1876/.
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In this thesis the Spanish accounting regulatory framework is considered as a research case study. The main objective is to illustrate the issues faced by accounting systems in European economies in transition. Many Eastern European countries undergoing an economic transition have applied for European Union membership. The emergence of new accounting systems in these economies will be strongly influenced by the obligation to comply with European Union legislation and the Spanish case may offer some useful lessons. Spain, as a case study, illustrates a European country that has undergone an economic transition in the last twenty-five years. The Spanish accounting regulatory framework has successfully undergone several changes in order to comply with European legislation and fit into a global market economy. The research case study comprises five sub-units of study. Firstly, the activities of the Spanish government with regard to new accounting requirements as well as the changes experienced by the accounting standards-setting bodies exemplifies the important role of the government's response to European Union legislation. Secondly, the evolution of accounting and professional bodies represents a society responding to the issues arising from the changes occurring at a national legislative level. Thirdly, the unique interaction between the Spanish public and professional accounting bodies is an example of joint effort in times when rapid change is required and the amount of professional expertise may be limited. The fourth sub-unit of study explores the role of the Spanish academic community which emerges as a full participant during the accounting reforms. Its influence in the new accounting regulatory framework is strongly felt through the increase in academic publications and with direct participation in the accounting standards -setting process. Finally, the fifth sub-unit of study looks at the 'true and fair view' requirement which was adopted by the European Union's Fourth Directive in 1978 as the ultimate objective of financial reporting. The origins and history of 'true and fair view' have given rise to a considerable amount of academic debate on the issues stemming from its implementation by European national legislators. The Spanish decision to adopt this Directive in full shows the high degree of commitment to compliance with the European Union. The response of the Spanish government and the profession to a requirement alien to the Spanish accounting tradition and philosophy has been dramatic. It is concluded that the changes in the accounting regulatory framework have not only been successful, but Spain has also embraced the European Directives in its national legislation to a greater extent than other European countries. The Spanish experience may therefore becorne a model to be looked to by Eastern European countries with an interest in becoming European Union members.
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Pierk, Jochen. "Three essays on determinants of accounting choice." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17059.
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Die vorliegende Dissertation besteht aus drei empirischen Papieren, die verschiedene Anreize von Manager bezüglich einer Beeinflussung der Rechnungslegung untersuchen. Das erste Papier untersucht die Wechselwirkung von Produktmarktregulierung und Rechnungslegung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Manager frühzeitig neue Rechnungslegungsregeln anwenden, um regulierte Preise in der Versorgungswirtschaft zu beeinflussen. Der zweite Teil der Dissertation befasst sich mit der Frage, inwieweit sich persönliche Eigenschaften von Managern (Selbstüberschätzung) in der Rechnungslegung widerspiegeln. Ihre Fähigkeiten überschätzende Manager haben zu hohe Erwartungen bezüglich der zukünftigen Zahlungsüberschüsse ihres Unternehmens. Das Papier zeigt, dass diese Manager bei Amtsantritt mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit das Periodenergebnis negativ beeinflussen (Earnings bath). Das letzte Papier der Dissertation untersucht die Berichterstattung von Unternehmen, die an europäischen, börsenregulierten Aktienmärkten notiert sind. Insbesondere liegt der Fokus auf der freiwilligen Anwendung der International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) und der freiwilligen Veröffentlichung von Quartalsinformationen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Verkauf von Aktien an institutionelle Investoren zum Zeitpunkt des Börsengangs positiv mit der freiwilligen Anwendung der IFRS korreliert, jedoch nicht mit der freiwilligen Veröffentlichung von Quartalsinformationen.This cumulative doctoral thesis consists of three papers. Each part investigates empirically different aspects of the incentive structure of managers to influence the accounting outcome. The first paper examines the interplay of product market regulation and financial reporting. It shows that managers early adopt a new accounting regime if accounting numbers are used by regulators to set prices in utility industries. The second paper argues that reporting decisions of managers are influenced by personal characteristics (overconfidence). Overconfident managers overestimate their abilities and consequently have upwardly biased expectations concerning future firm cash flows. More specifically, the paper shows that overconfident CEOs are less likely to engage in an earnings bath at CEO turnover. The last paper investigates reporting choices of firms in European exchange-regulated markets. In particular, it sheds light on the voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and on the decision to voluntarily provide quarterly financial information. The findings indicate that the likelihood of voluntary IFRS adoption increases with the proportion of stocks sold to institutional investors upon IPO while the likelihood to provide quarterly information does not.
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Thomas, Isaac L. "Auditor Independence in the United States and the Efficacy of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1154.
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This paper discusses the history of auditor independence in the United States and the regulation of the public accounting profession over time. Special emphasis is put on the increasing importance that regulators have placed on the perception of auditor independence and on its effectiveness. Next, I analyze the efficacy of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and provide several reasons for its shortcomings. Finally, I provide two distinct suggestions aimed at improving the current audit landscape.
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Fakhra, Mahmoud S. M. A. M. "The emergence of accounting regulation in Kuwait 1899-1990 : a critical perspective." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268741.
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Guo, Qiang [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Simons. "Essays on regulation, accounting and market competition / Qiang Guo. Betreuer: Dirk Simons." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059695634/34.
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Magnell, Anna, and Magnus Petersson. "Från ambition till verklighet : En fallstudie av redovisningsregleringsprocessen." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1930.
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Background: Many different parties in the society are affected by the financial information delivered by the companies. Therefore, different interests want their ideas to have an impact on the accountning standards. The construction of the accounting standards are illustrated as a pure political process, where lobbying and conflicts of interest are determining factors.
Purpose: The purpose is to understand the underlying interests behind regulation of financial accounting in Sweden and how these interests are manifestated in the establishment of accounting standards.
Method: The thesis is designed as a casestudy of the regulation process which induced the legislation of the Årsredovisningslagen 6 kap 1 § 3st. The case process has been analysed through interviews and document studies from the arise of the intention of regulation of different interest parties, until the accounting law was established.
Results: Lobbying and interest of conflicts exists in accounting regulation processes. Depending on the subject of reglulation, different parties feel their interests beeing challenged. The intensity in the conflict of interest and the incentive to lobby depends on the “matter” of the regulation. The process are governed in the constitution of the private individuals of the deciding regulation body.
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Mertens, Gerardus Maria Hubertus. "The impact of changes in financial reporting regulation on financial accounting method choice." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5786.
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Schneible, Richard Arthur Jr Ahmed Anwer S. "Effects of regulation Fair Disclosure on the precision of investors' information around earnings announcements." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Baddevithana, Tanuja Dulmini Dominick Mahinda. "Bank regulation implications for managing accounting quality risk : a basel and IFRS perspective." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2012. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/11944/.
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This thesis examines whether accounting quality, measured as the difference between accounting and market price change, had an impact on the five primary UK banks that adopted IASB’s IFRS accounting standards in 2005. The findings reveal that the changes in accounting standards resulted in the banks experiencing decreased levels of accounting quality and increased levels of exposure to financial distress risk in the period 2005 to 2008, compared to the pre-adoption period of 1992 to 2004. These findings are corroborated when examining a secondary sample of banking related firms that also adopted the same standards in 2005. A control group that did not adopt these standards exhibited an opposite trend, recording a comparative increase in accounting quality from 2005 to 2008. For all firms tested, the 1-day market price Value-at-Risk (VaR) levels increased year-on-year from 2005 to 2009, with VaR breaches during March and May 2006. These firms, for the 2005 to 2009 period, also displayed increased levels of financial market volatility. Importantly, examining the banks’ Basel capital requirements, it is implied that their levels increased after 2005. These findings, in general, contribute to extending literature that focuses on the accounting standards change. One of the findings from this examination is that contrary to the European Commission’s 2002 (EC 2002) and IASB’s (IASB 2009) expectation to strengthen the efficient functioning of the European and global financial markets, in the UK the banking sector’s investor uncertainty increased significantly during 2005 to 2009. Another finding relates to the measurements applied in this research. Changes in accounting quality and the Basel minimum capital requirement are examined by applying two measures systemised as the relative delta and the regulatory relative delta respectively. Both function by quantifying differences between accounting totals and market price. It is discovered that these measures, accounting VaR, and the technology framework, as introduced in this study, have potential benefits and regulatory implications. These are aimed at facilitating the mitigation of risks that impact on accounting quality.
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Howell, Sharon. "ADAPTIVE SELF-REGULATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS IN THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2457.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate whether or not perceptions of organizational politics mediate the relationships between accountants' personality and interpersonal traits and their perceptions of a superior's leadership ability and performance. An accountant who has a higher degree of confidence in his or her superior's abilities is more likely to be committed to a given project, resulting in a better project outcome. This benefits the client and ultimately society as a whole. This study contributes to the accounting and psychology literatures because extant research views perceptions of leadership ability and performance from the perspective of the individual agent, with little or no recognition that social action and interaction shape and mold both the individual agent's actions and perceptions of those actions. Perceived leadership and perceived performance are important in accounting for several reasons. First, individuals act in part in relation and response to the expectations of others. Thus, the perception of effective leadership and performance is gained by meeting the expectations of others. Secondly, accountants with reputations for effectiveness have been found to be more successful in their careers. Finally, the reputation for effectiveness in performance and leadership ability has been shown to increase those abilities. This study draws on the adaptive self-regulation framework as well as other theoretical models of perceived performance. The study results indicate that certain manageable personality, interpersonal, and contextual variables affect how accountants view the level of organizational politics within the workplace. In turn, the accountant's view of the organizations' politics is shown to very strongly affect how the accountant perceives his or her superiors' performance and leadership ability.Ph.D.
School of Accounting
Business Administration
Business Administration: Ph.D.
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Conrad, Lynne. "Control issues in the regulation of privatised industries : a case study of the gas industry." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284586.
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Ballew, Hailey B. "Accounting Quality Benefits of Regulatory Spillover:Evidence from the Banking Industry." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu15609423195075.
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Prasad, Aiyaswami Natesa. "Three Essays on R&D| The Effect of Competition and Regulation." Thesis, University of Connecticut, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3569929.
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The three essays focus on important facets of R&D such as the impact of competition, regulation and the difficulties in measuring R&D and the dollars to be allocated to R&D by a firm. In the first essay, we investigate Aghion etal. (2005), model on the relationship between R&D and competition. We identify limitations in previous empirical tests of the model. Further, R&D appropriability plays no role in the model although literature assigns it a significant role. Our comprehensive tests reveal that the model does not fully explain the R&D-competition relationship, and the results depend on the competition measure used. We investigate the role R&D appropriability and confirm its significance. Hence the model needs refinements. This study enhances our knowledge of the role competition and R&D appropriability play in enhancing R&D and helps formulate policies that promote R&D.
In the second essay, we analyze the changes in pharmaceutical firms' stock prices following the recall of Vioxx, Merck's blockbuster drug, apropos three theories based on government regulation, product liability, and firms' reputations. We conduct an event study of estimated abnormal share returns using a Fama-French 3 factor model under seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimation. Our investigations support government regulation theory and suggest that R&D-intensive firms suffer maximum adverse returns. Adverse returns reflect anticipated regulatory changes in approvals for new drugs. Drug recall harms the industry and future availability of new drugs. Stable and fair drug approvals policy can help the industry flourish.
The third essay critically examines measurement of R&D. R&D capital and cited patents are used in the literature to measure R&D intensity and investigate market returns for R&D. The results are ambiguous. Previous literature suggests that patents are distinct from R&D expenditure, and R&D is influenced by competition. We suggest eight new measures based on the interplay between R&D and competition. We empirically test these measures on pharmaceutical and computer software industries which have the highest R&D intensities of all industries. The new measures are more significant than R&D capital and offer further insights on R&D in these industries. These measures help in capital allocation for R&D at firm level which maximizes stock returns.
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Strohm, Christiane Watrin Christoph. "United States and European Union auditor independence regulation implications for regulators and auditing practice /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231815.
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Porter, Thomas Larsen. "The effect of economic regulation on accounting decisions : evidence from the U.S. airline industry /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8820.
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Filzen, Joshua James 1981. "The Information Content of Risk Factor Disclosures in Quarterly Reports." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11536.
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xiv, 95 p.I examine whether recently required Risk Factor update disclosures in quarterly reports provide investors with timely information regarding potential future negative outcomes. Specifically, I examine whether Risk Factor updates in 10-Q filings are associated with negative abnormal returns at the time the updates are disclosed and whether quarterly updates are followed by negative earnings shocks. I find that firms presenting updates to their Risk Factor disclosures have lower abnormal returns around the filing date of the 10-Q relative to firms without updates, although I find little evidence to suggest that the strength of this relationship is positively associated with the level of information asymmetry between managers and investors. Using analyst forecasts and a cross-sectional model to forecast earnings as measures of expected earnings prior to the release of Risk Factor updates, I find that firms with updates to their Risk Factors section have lower future unexpected earnings. I also find that firms with Risk Factor updates are more likely to experience future extreme negative earnings forecast errors. These findings suggest that the recent disclosure requirement mandated by the SEC was successful in generating timely disclosure of bad news. However, I also find some evidence that firms with updates to their Risk Factors section have stronger future positive performance shocks relative to firms without Risk Factor Updates, consistent with firms that disclose Risk Factor updates also having greater upside potential.
Committee in charge: Dr. Steven Matsunaga, Chairperson; Dr. Kyle Peterson, Member; Dr. Angela Davis, Member; Dr. Trudy Ann Cameron, Outside Member
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Buijink, Willem Frederik Jan. "Empirical financial accounting research compliance with regulation, distributional properties of financial ratios and demand for external auditing /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1992. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8263.
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Alnesafi, Awwad. "The Triangle of Influences (Capitalism, Colonialism & Globalisation) on Accounting Regulation : The Case of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520077.
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Junior, Paulo Frederico Homero. "Reconstitution of the field of accounting regulation in Brazil during the adoption of the IFRS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-03042018-163010/.
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In 2010, Brazil completed the convergence towards the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). As the politics of this process has been little explored, the objective of this thesis is to investigate how the field of accounting regulation was reconstituted during the convergence. Relying on the Bourdieusian concepts of field, capital and habitus, the analysis of accounting regulation in Brazil is split into two phases: firstly, the field as of the early-2000s is mapped through a literature review that identifies its main institutional agents. From the early-2000s on, when the discussions about the creation of a private standard-setter began, the linguistic habitus associated to the field is mapped through discursive analyses of several archival data, including parliamentary proceedings and documents issued by institutional agents that operate in the field. This investigation indicates that the constitution of the field was driven by a relationship of accommodation between the State and the accountancy profession. During the 1970s, an interpretative community linked to the capital markets was consolidated, including financial sector regulators and segments of the professional and academic fields, that issued and disseminated Anglo-American inspired accounting standards framed by a decision-usefulness approach. In opposition, during the 1980s the Federal Council of Accounting (Conselho Federal de Contabilidade - CFC) started to dispute the primacy within the field, issuing accounting standards framed by a discourse of scientificity that preserved the Continental-European influence on Brazilian accounting. From the early-2000s on, the efforts to approve the legislative reforms necessary for the adoption of the IFRS were characterised by a high level of discursive homogeneity: it was claimed that such an adoption would enhance the transparency, comprehensibility, comparability and reliability of the financial reports of Brazilian firms, attracting foreign investments and promoting the economic development of the country. However, none of these claims was supported by substantive empirical evidences. Initially, the CFC opposed the creation of a private standard-setter, claiming that it would undermine the self-regulation of the accountancy profession. In October 2005, though, the CFC itself created the Committee of Accounting Pronouncements (Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis - CPC), apparently solving the conflict that had structured the field until then. The influence of taxation on Brazilian accounting practices played a pivotal role in this process, as a common adversary that justified the alliance between the CFC and the capital market pole. As the CPC frames itself as only a translator and interpreter of the IFRS, the field as a whole is not a space of power anymore, given that substantive decisions in the standard-setting process are not made in Brazil. Nevertheless, some regulators still challenge CPC\'s hegemony, requiring firms under their jurisdictions to prepare and disclose alternative sets of accounts. Contributing for a deeper understanding about the role of local agents in the adoption of the IFRS, this thesis suggests that in Brazil this process was conducted by an interpretative community constituted some decades ago, whose agents exchanged the symbolic capital they previously possessed for the economic capital they earned through the expansion of the market for accounting services.Em 2010, o Brasil completou a convergência para as Normas Internacionais de Relatório Financeiro (International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS). Como a política deste processo tem sido pouco explorada, o objetivo desta tese é investigar como o campo da regulação contábil foi reconstituído durante a convergência. Baseando-se nos conceitos bourdieusianos de campo, capital e habitus, a análise da regulação contábil no Brasil é dividida em duas fases: primeiramente, o campo no início dos anos 2000 é mapeado através de revisão de literatura que identifica seus principais agentes institucionais. A partir do início dos anos 2000, quando as discussões sobre a criação de normatizador privado começaram, o habitus linguístico associado ao campo é mapeado através de análises discursivas de vários dados de arquivo, incluindo arquivos parlamentares e documentos emitidos por agentes institucionais que operam no campo. Essa investigação indica que a constituição do campo foi conduzida por uma relação de acomodação entre o Estado e a profissão contábil. Durante a década de 1970, consolidou-se uma comunidade interpretativa ligada aos mercados de capitais, incluindo reguladores do setor financeiro e segmentos dos campos profissional e acadêmico, que emitia e divulgava padrões contábeis de inspiração anglo-americana, moldados por uma abordagem de utilidade para decisão. Em oposição, durante a década de 1980 o Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC) começou a disputar a primazia no campo, emitindo padrões contábeis moldados por um discurso de cientificidade que preservava a influência europeia continental na contabilidade brasileira. A partir do início dos anos 2000, os esforços para aprovar as reformas legislativas necessárias para a adoção das IFRS caracterizaram-se por alto nível de homogeneidade discursiva: Alegava-se que tal adoção aumentaria a transparência, compreensibilidade, comparabilidade e confiabilidade dos relatórios financeiros das empresas brasileiras, atraindo investimentos estrangeiros e promovendo o desenvolvimento econômico do país. No entanto, nenhuma dessas alegações era apoiada por evidências empíricas substantivas. Inicialmente, o CFC se opôs à criação de um normatizador privado, alegando que isso debilitaria a autorregulação da profissão contábil. Em outubro de 2005, porém, o próprio CFC criou o Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC), aparentemente resolvendo o conflito que havia estruturado o campo até então. A influência da tributação nas práticas contábeis brasileiras desempenhou papel central nesse processo, como um adversário comum que justificou a aliança entre o CFC e o polo do mercado de capitais. Como o CPC enquadra a si próprio apenas como tradutor e intérprete das IFRS, o campo como um todo não é mais um espaço de poder, dado que decisões substantivas no processo de normatização não são tomadas no Brasil. No entanto, alguns reguladores ainda desafiam a hegemonia do CPC, exigindo que as empresas sob suas jurisdições preparem e divulguem demonstrativos contábeis alternativos. Contribuindo para uma compreensão mais profunda sobre o papel de agentes locais na adoção das IFRS, esta tese sugere que no Brasil esse processo foi conduzido por uma comunidade interpretativa constituída há algumas décadas, cujos agentes trocaram o capital simbólico que possuíam anteriormente pelo capital econômico que obtiveram através da expansão do mercado de serviços contábeis.
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Farag, Magdy. "THE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING REGULATION ON SECOND-TIER AUDIT FIRMS AND THEIR CLIENTS: AUDIT PRICING AND QUALITY, COST OF CAPITAL, AND BACKDATING OF STOCK OPTIONS." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1195230343.
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Liu, Zhenfeng. "The Effect of Shortened Reporting Lag on the Usefulness of Form 20-F." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2530.
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This study examines the impact of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) decision to accelerate the Form 20-F (20-F) filing deadline on the usefulness of 20-Fs. I find that only the large and medium firms experienced a significant increase in market reaction when they accelerated their 20-F filing deadlines to four months after the year-end, while no significant change in market reaction is detected for small firms. I also find that the market did not appear to have reacted to firms who voluntarily further shortened their 20-F reporting lag to less than four months after the year-end. Finally, I find that firms that comply with the SEC’s policy to shorten the 20-F filing deadlines are more likely to restate the financial statements, but the 20-F readability and the possibility of amending their 20-Fs do not seem to be different, compared to the matched non-acceleration firms. Taken together, this study provides consistent evidence suggesting that the “four-month” 20-F filing deadline is beneficial for larger firms while causing no burdens to small firms, and that the accelerated 20-F filing deadline may increase the timeliness of 20-Fs at the expense of the reporting quality.
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Russ, Robert W. "SEC Regulation of Corporate 10K Filing Dates: The Effect on Earnings Management and Market Recognition." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/721.
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In November 2002, the Securities and Exchange Commission released a final ruling regarding a filing requirement change. The proposed requiredment change was for domestic companies to file annual and quarterly reports within 60 and 30 days, respectfully. This requirement was recommended for companies with a market value of at least $75 million and would reduce by 30 days the time allowed to file these reports. The Wall Street Journal article announcing this proposal stated the change was an effort to address some of the problems arising from accounting scandals such as the Enron scandal of 2001. A potential added benefit of the SEC rule change might be a reduction in earnings management. The purpose of this study is two fold. The first part is to test the theory that earnings management takes time. The second purpose is to examine the question of market recognition of earnings management. Sloan (1996) and other researchers report that the market does not recognize earnings management in the long term. Xie's (2001) results suggest that the market over prices earnings management. Balsam et al. (2002) found the market reacted negatively to abnormal accruals. The current research study uses a larger sample including firms not suspected of earnings management and fails to confirm the Balsam et al. result. The findings of the current study suggest that the results of the Balsam et al. study are either the result of the data selection process used in that study or the data selection processs used by Balsam et al. controlled for other market fluctuations not included in the current study. The results of this study suggest a positive relationship between earnings management and the time to file annual reports. Thsi finding supports the theory that moving earnings management from a future period to the current period requires time. Thus, the SEC rule change to reduce the time to file annual reports should reduce a company's ability to manipulate earnings.
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Rugilo, Daniel [Verfasser], Thomas [Gutachter] Hartmann-Wendels, and Michael [Gutachter] Overesch. "Essays on Financial Accounting and Prudential Banking Regulation / Daniel Rugilo ; Gutachter: Thomas Hartmann-Wendels, Michael Overesch." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239811667/34.
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Zhu, Yin. "Essays on accounting and incentives in Chinese equity markets." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-accounting-and-incentives-in-chinese-equity-markets(74adb2ee-0cfc-40f6-8d62-392ab7bbdc1b).html.
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In this thesis, I exploit accounting issues in the Chinese context with a particular focus on the role of government. The thesis consists of three empirical essays, examining how the state coordinates among the state-owned enterprises in executive compensation (essay 1), how the government regulates the dividend payouts of listed firms (essay 2) and how the delisting regulation influences the accounting choices of listed firms (essay 3).The first essay examines relative performance evaluation (RPE) in China. Previous studies of RPE for executive compensations in Western developed markets have produced mixed findings. This is partly because the dispersion of share ownership in Western capital markets does not closely correspond with the single-principal/multi-agent theoretical setting assumed by Holmstrom (1982). In this study, I exploit the existence of a large number of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China to examine RPE in a setting closer to the theoretical assumption. I find that SOEs are more likely to use RPE for executive compensation than non-SOEs. This is consistent with better cross-firm coordination in executive contracting among SOEs under a common “state” principal than among non-SOEs with dispersed principals similar to Western firms. Furthermore, I find a more pronounced RPE effect among SOEs that are larger or have poorer past performance. This implies that the state principal has greater incentives to monitor strategically important firms or those in distress. The second essay examines the market reaction to and earnings management choices around changes in the regulations requiring a higher minimum dividend payout in China to shed new light on the determinants of dividend payout policy. I find that the market reaction is more positive for firms that paid less than the new required minimum payout than for those that paid more than the new required minimum, consistent with agency cost explanations of dividend payout. In addition, I find that low dividend payers exhibit a greater tendency to manage their earnings downwards to comply with the earnings-based threshold, and investors can “see through” such earnings management behaviors. My findings support the view of DeAngelo, DeAngelo and Skinner (2009) that agency costs of free cash flow retention are an important part of the dividend payout story. The third essay explores the earnings-based delisting rule in China that provides particularly strong motivation to manage earnings above the loss/profit threshold. I identify two groups of firms that successfully avoid being ST-ed, i.e. firms with a one-year loss before returning to profit, and firms with consecutive small profits. I provide a comprehensive examination of earnings management in terms of accruals management, real earnings management and non-operating income, to investigate whether Chinese firms manage earnings either to avoid reporting a loss or to avoid reporting two consecutive losses. Though there are mixed results sensitive to the research design for earnings management pattern in the two groups of firms, this study provides insights into earnings management induced by a government regulation.
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Adhikari, Subash. "Information Content of Non-GAAP Earnings of Cross-Listed Companies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157618/.
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To supplement earnings reported under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), public companies often voluntarily report alternative measures of earnings called non-GAAP earnings (NGE). These companies assert that NGE exclude the effect of non-recurring transactions, thereby helping users of financial information to better assess the company's past performance and prospects. Because NGE measures are not well defined, managers can exploit the inherent discretion in calculating NGE to mislead users. Prior studies provide arguments and evidence on the informative as well as opportunistic use of NGE. However, the studies have examined the characteristics and informativeness of NGE with a focus on U.S. companies. The results of studies that consider the NGE disclosure by U.S. companies may not be generalizable to the cross-listed companies because foreign financial reporting standards are different from the U.S. GAAP. Further, prior studies report a difference in earnings quality of U.S. firms and cross-listed firms, which can also result in a difference in the informativeness of their NGE. To fill this gap in literature, I examine whether the informativeness of NGE of cross-listed companies is different from that of U.S. companies. This study contributes to the debate on the informativeness of NGE. It provides evidence that in general, NGE are equally informative for U.S. and foreign companies but foreign companies are more opportunistic in excluding recurring items from NGE. The results of this study are of potential interest to investors, regulators, and academics who are interested in and interact with cross-listed companies.
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LIANG, SOPHIE LI. "SPILLOVER EFFECT OF DISCLOSURE REGULATION: EVIDENCE FROM AUDIT REPORT CHANGES IN THE U.K." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/399745.
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Business Administration/AccountingPh.D.
I examine the spillover effects of the 2013 revision to the U.K. audit report standard, the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 700 (UK and Ireland), from firms subject to the regulation (i.e., Premium companies listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE)), to firms not subject to it (i.e., those listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the LSE). The new regulation requires increased disclosures in three areas: audit risks, materiality and the scope of the audit. I hypothesize that application of the new rules to regulated clients will result in changes in audit styles and auditor mindsets that would be transferred to other (non-regulated) clients. If so, such effect of the new regulation on audit outcomes – specifically improvement in audit quality - for regulated clients will spill over to non-regulated clients. Because I expect the auditor to be the conduit for the spillover, I examine the difference in changes in audit quality for two groups: (1) AIM clients in audit offices that audit both Premium and AIM clients and (2) AIM clients in audit offices that audit only AIM clients. The results show that AIM firms in the first group (i.e., AIM clients of audit offices that also have Premium clients) experience lower absolute discretionary accruals, reduced propensity to have small positive earnings, and are more likely to receive a modified opinion under the new regulation. However, there is no change in audit quality for the AIM client firms of audit offices with only non-regulated (AIM) clients. These results are consistent with audit quality benefits spilling over from regulated clients to AIM clients, brought about by auditor-level changes. Further analyses indicate that the audit quality spillovers are more prominent for AIM clients with greater audit complexity, AIM clients of large audit offices, and London audit offices.
Temple University--Theses
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Hjertstedt, Nicole. "Strategizing IFRS 16 – Leases and Real Estate : Exploring implementation and contractual strategies relating to new accounting regulation." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230938.
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Traditionally Operational Leases have been exempted from being recognized on the balance sheet of the financial statements. With the new leasing regulation presented by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB); International Financial Reporting Standards 16 (IFRS 16), with effective date of 2019‐01‐01 operational leases are to be accounted for as finance leases, being capitalized into the balance sheet as a right of use asset and lease liabilities. This will affect the financial statement considerably for some heavy users of operational leases, such as retailers, whereas another factor that also have an impact is balance sheet composition before implementation. Many key ratios will also be affected and it is expected that for some long‐term companies, such as production companies, will take the lease or buy decision up for more serious discussion. This is because operational leasing no longer can be used to balance financing and debt as it has been used in the past. The implementation of the standard will be considerably heavier administration‐wise for companies with no previous financing leases since they do not currently have system support for lease valuations or advanced administration processes surrounding operational leases. This is common for firms with leased space as a big part of their operations, such as retailers. Implementation will be a big project for many enterprises and the effect on the balance sheet may be finished very close to effective date, resulting in that some shortcuts may be taken. This could result in a higher lease debt than necessary as there are many assumptions and interpretations to be made during the implementation process. These assumptions and adjustments are expected to be continuously worked on by companies to reevaluate and decrease lease debt, where incentives to do so exist. A qualitative interactive inductive approach, using semi‐structured interviews is used in this study to explore and dig deeper into possible strategic redesigns of contractual clauses to decrease the effect this standard would have on financial statements. The possible strategies described are to be viewed as possible changes that would reduce the effect on the balance sheet where a company has incentives to do so. There also seem to be changes within the retail market that could change contract structure in the future, independently of IFRS 16. However, these changes could in turn be used to argue for assessments regarding lease terms that would decrease the effect on a company’s balance sheet in accordance with IFRS 16.Historiskt sätt så har operationella leasingavtal varit undantagna från att tas upp i balansräkningen i de finansiella rapporterna. Med anledningen av nya redovisningsrekommendationer av IASB; IFRS 16 – Leasing, med start 2019‐01‐01, kommer operationella leasingavtal inte längre att särskiljas från finansiella leasingavtal, utan också kapitaliseras in i balansräkningen som en nyttjanderättstillgång och en leasingskuld. Det här kommer att påverka balansräkningens komposition, i vissa fall väldigt mycket, i synnerhet för frekventa användare av operationella leasingavtal såsom detaljhandelsbolag och produktionsbolag, och som dessutom har en svagare skuldsida på balansräkningen. Långsiktiga produktions‐ och industriföretag förväntas omvärdera beslut gällande leasa versus köpa då de inte kommer kunna balansera skuldbalansen genom att använda sig av operationella leasingavtal längre. Implementeringen av IFRS 16 kommer att bli svårare på ett administrativt splan för lokalhyresgäster i de fall de inte har system för att hantera finansiella leasar på plats. De tenderar även att ha mindre effektiva system för att samla och hantera sina operationella leasar innan implementering. Detta tenderar att vara vanligare för företag där att hyra lokaler representerar en stor del av företagets operationella strategi, såsom i detaljhandeln som ett exempel. Implementeringen kan vara ett stort projekt för många företag och effekten bli tydlig först närmare implementeringsdatum. Detta kan resultera i att genvägar kommer att tas och i vissa fall kommer resultera i exempelvis större leasingskuld än nödvändigt. De antaganden och justeringar som är möjliga kommer mer sannolikt att tas efter implementering, då incitament även tros bli större att ta till dessa möjliga strategier. En kvalitativ interaktiv och induktiv inriktning med framförallt semi‐strukturerade intervjuer har använts i denna studie för att utforska och möjliggöra att gräva djupare efter möjliga strategiska förändringar som kontraktsmässigt skulle kunna minska effekten på balansräkningen i de fall det finns incitament att göra det. Det finns tendenser som visar på att förändringar är på gång inom detaljhandeln, oberoende av redovisningsförändringarna som i sin tur kan göra att det möjligen kommer bli enklare att argumentera för att ta upp en mindre leasingskuld i balansräkningen enligt IFRS 16, såsom förkortade lokalhyresavtal och mer serviceavtal snarare än hyresavtal.
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Hjelström, Anja. "Understanding international accounting standard setting : a case study of the process of revising IAS 12 (1996), income tax." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Redovisning och Finansiering (B), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-525.
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Considerable energy and resources continue to be expended on accounting rule-making, particularly through standard setting. This has been the case both at the national and international (global) level for a long time. Despite this, there is continuing dissatisfaction with what has been achieved. Criticism continues to be expressed over the rule-makers, their processes of setting rules as well as the rules being produced. Based on a detailed longitudinal case study of one process of setting an international accounting standard this study suggests a comprehensive model for understanding the (international) accounting standard setting process. In addition to the previously emphasised role of politics, it also recognises the potential significance of learning and executive concerns, as well as significant interactions between these three sub-processes of accounting standard setting. In doing this the suggested model provides a framework for approaching concerns regarding the prospects of, and problems involved in, accounting standard setting as a means of achieving (more) standardised accounting practices. A significant part of this book provides a detailed account explaining why the IASC published a standard on income tax requiring the balance sheet liability method in 1996. This case is especially interesting, not only because income tax constitutes a considerable expense for most companies, but also because the revised standard implied a change in financial accounting practices in most countries. The appendix contains several numerical examples illustrating the difference between alternative methods of accounting for income taxDiss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2005
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Zhang, Daqun. "Incentive Regulation with Benchmarking in the Electricity Distribution Industry." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/367047.
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Business Administration/AccountingPh.D.
This dissertation investigates two broad management accounting questions in the context of electric utility industry: How do regulators for electricity industry use the information generated from accounting systems to make pricing decisions? What are the economic consequences of these decisions? In Chapter 2, I review regulatory reforms and discuss existing issues of using DEA models for efficiency benchmarking in four aspects. Suggestions are given for improving the use of DEA models based on the review and discussion. In Chapter 3, I empirically investigate the effect of incentive regulation with DEA benchmarking on operational efficiency using a panel of electricity distribution firms in Brazil. In Chapter 4, I examine the effect of restructuring and retail competition on cost reduction using a sample of US investor-owned electric utilities. The effects of privatization, industrial restructuring, incentive regulation and benchmarking are effectively disentangled from one another using the research setting in Brazil and US electricity industry. In Chapter 5, I combine the idea of activity based costing and data envelopment analysis to further develop a detailed benchmarking model for incentive regulation.
Temple University--Theses
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Spence, Cecilia. "The regulation of energy utilities based on depreciated optimised replacement cost (DORC), valuation of assets." Department of Accounting and Finance - Faculty of Commerce, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/216.
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This study was prompted by the 1988 introduction by the Commonwealth Government, and later on by both Federal and State regulators, of a philosophy of wanting to achieve a target rate of return within the public sector to emulate private sector efficiency. At the core of the reforms was the adoption of replacement values for assets. This resulted in inflated prices to the users of public services and regulated monopoly assets such as energy utilities, while asset owners enjoyed windfall gains. In developing a form of regulation for natural monopolies the regulators initially looked to Accounting. However Finance Economics provided a structure called the Building Block approach to regulation that had at its center the notion of Depreciated Optimised Replacement Cost (DORC). Capture by Finance Economics, has meant that regulation has developed under the rules of Net Present Value based on the DORC value for assets. Net Present Value calculations are based on the timing and amounts of future cash transactions. This is the meat of regulation. The regulators have addressed the problem of circularity by developing a notion of Optimised Replacement Cost (ORC), and calling on the notion of Tobins Q to transform ORC to ORC used, or DORC. Deprival Value has been endorsed as a valuation principle by the Council Of Australian Governments; however Deprival Value conflicts with DORC in the valuation of sunk assets. This research has critically examined the regulators use of DORC and its inherent circularity and finds that DORC is a flawed concept. It is argued that actual or previously agreed values for assets would produce a better regulatory outcome and fairer prices for consumers. The International Financial Reporting Standards contain in their 2003 Framework notions of Fair Value and Capital Maintenance that address the aims of the regulators and are compatible with Deprival Value. Audited financial reports based on the regulators approved asset valuations and prepared in accordance with International Standards would provide cohesion between regulatory decisions and the financial results of natural monopoly companies.
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Alon, Anna. "THREE STUDIES RELATED TO THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2245.
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This dissertation consists of three separate, but related, studies on the institutionalization of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The first study examines the relationship between the national variables and the level of IFRS adoption. Theoretical insights regarding the level of national IFRS adoption come from the world-level institutional theory (Meyer et. al., 1997). Archival data are utilized for the study. The findings indicate that countries with weaker national governance structures and lower economic development demonstrate the highest level of commitment to IFRS. Nationalism was found to influence the extent of adoption. The study contributes to IFRS adoption literature by recognizing the multi-level possibilities of IFRS adoption and discovering the factors that drive the degree of IFRS adoption on a national level. The second study examines the ongoing change in the U.S. accounting regulation related to IFRS. The specific event investigated is an historic ruling by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) made in 2007 to accept IFRS filings from foreign issuers. This move toward acceptance of IFRS by the primary U.S. regulator is of academic interest because it represents an opportunity to study regulatory institutional change. The event is analyzed using a qualitative study of the rhetoric found in the comment letters submitted to the SEC. The following theoretical frameworks were used to interpret the qualitative findings: a model of institutional change (Greenwood et. al., 2002), the role of rhetoric in legitimating institutional change (Suddaby & Greenwood, 2005), and the agents of change model (Djelic & Quack, 2003b). The conversation of opponents and proponents through the comment letters revealed the struggle of the participants to legitimize their positions. As expected, rhetorical themes associated with the moral and pragmatic legitimacy of their positions were utilized. Unexpectedly, the shifting site of regulation and the related power of SEC were troubling for proponents and opponents of the change. The study contributes to transnational accounting regulation literature in a number of ways. It presents a synthesis of different theoretical perspectives to investigate institutional change in accounting regulation. It also deepens the understanding of how institutional change is theorized by evaluating the rhetoric of domestic, foreign, and transnational participants. The third study evaluates the diffusion of IFRS in developing countries, using the specific case of Russia. The study investigates whether individual perceptions of various aspects of financial reporting and reforms are associated with IFRS adoption. Particularly of interest is whether there are differences between voluntary adopters and those for which adoption was mandated. The data were obtained from a 2007 survey exploring Russia s transition to IFRS. In general, adopters had a more positive view of transition toward IFRS and financial reforms in Russia. Further, the perceptions of reforms by adopters did not vary based on whether the adoption was required by a national or a foreign mandate. The study contributes both theoretically and empirically to the literature on IFRS in developing countries. Taken together, these three studies focus on issues that have not been addressed previously in the accounting literature. They will advance the international accounting literature on factors related to IFRS adoption, regulations, and influences.Ph.D.
Kenneth G. Dixon School of Accounting
Business Administration
Business Administration PhD
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Sooy, Matthew T. "How The Prospect of Fault Influences Managers' Compliance." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/accountancy_etds/5.
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The SEC relies heavily on ‘no-fault’ settlements in its enforcement, where targets avoid costly litigation by accepting sanctions without admitting or denying fault. This policy is argued to enable the agency to pursue greater numbers of violators. However, opponents argue that no-fault sanctions may be less effective, reducing fines to a ‘cost of business’. In an experiment, I examine the effects of fault assignment on managers’ cost perceptions, ethical framing and compliance. I manipulate the presence of fault assignment in prospective sanctions, and additionally manipulate sanction strength and sanction target - attributes that commonly vary in sanctions and which may interact with fault assignment. I find that all manipulated sanction attributes increase managers’ cost perceptions, and that managers’ cost perceptions are associated with greater compliance frequency and compliance quality. I also find that managers facing fault assignment in manager-targeted sanction conditions perceive their compliance differently – as an ethical, rather than economic choice. Consequently, these managers comply more frequently with costly regulations and select higher quality compliance than do managers in manager-targeted no-fault conditions. Targeting firms with sanctions also increases managers’ ethical perceptions, but adding fault to firm-targeted sanctions does not further increase ethical perceptions or compliance. My findings are consistent with sanctions facilitating greater ethical awareness and compliance when fault targets managers or when sanctions target firms, and with ethical awareness facilitating greater compliance. Supplementary analysis suggests that results are stronger among individuals high in ‘dark triad’ personality traits (narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy), suggesting that findings generalize to subpopulations thought to be high in dark triad traits such as firm managers (O’Reilly et al. 2014).
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Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do. "Lobbyng na regulação contábil internacional: uma análise do processo de elaboração da norma sobre reconhecimento de receitas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-14072014-185506/.
Full textAbstract:
A ascensão de um organismo internacional e privado como o IASB e a adesão maciça de inúmeros países às suas normas, trouxeram mudanças na dinâmica da regulação dos relatórios financeiros em diversos países, que assim como o Brasil, tiveram historicamente as normas contábeis de suas empresas definidas por legislações nacionais sob a responsabilidade de entes públicos. Essa nova dinâmica levanta preocupações para as empresas, normatizadores nacionais, governos, investidores, acadêmicos e outros interessados pelas normas contábeis. Esta pesquisa buscou analisar a associação das características específicas dos participantes do processo de regulação contábil internacional promovido pelo IASB e a sua influência na elaboração das IFRS, investigando o alinhamento entre as decisões do órgão e as opiniões manifestadas por stakeholders específicos. Para isso, foram utilizadas as cartas de comentários enviadas no processo de elaboração da nova norma sobre reconhecimento de receita, Revenue from contracts with Customers. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de 1.177 cartas relativas à consulta pública ao Discussion Paper, de dezembro de 2008 e ao Exposure Draft de junho de 2010. Os resultados iniciais demonstraram que o IASB atendeu as preferências da maioria dos participantes. No entanto, algumas características dos lobistas se revelaram mais associadas às decisões do regulador do que outras. Os resultados do modelo de regressão logística revelaram que os comentários emitidos pelas empresas preparadoras de demonstrações contábeis tiveram maior associação com as decisões do IASB, do que os comentários de reguladores nacionais, profissionais em geral, acadêmicos ou usuários. Essa associação foi ainda maior quando ocorrem divergências com as preferências prévias do regulador e este modificou a sua opinião. Empresas estadunidenses que discordaram dos procedimentos propostos tiveram maiores chances de ter seu comentário aceito do que as sugestões feitas por preparadores de outro país. Constatou-se ainda a existência de associação entre os comentários das grandes firmas multinacionais de auditoria e as decisões do IASB. Os comentários das Big Four mostraram ter até 5 vezes mais chances de ser aceito pelo regulador, do que os comentários feitos por outros interessados. Esses aspectos vão de encontro às pesquisas que relatam que a maior homogeneidade de interesses entre os preparadores funciona como incentivo para o exercício de lobbying e que essa pressão está associada às decisões tomadas pelos reguladores. Adicionalmente, a análise da história e da estrutura do IASB, aliadas a um conjunto de pesquisas empíricas, trazem evidencias que sugerem os mesmos resultados em relação a associação entre as decisões do regulador e as preferencias das grandes firmas de auditoria. A cumplicidade ideológica documentada nas pesquisas, entre as Big Four e o regulador internacional, facilita a associação entre as ideias das entidades e implica na possibilidade de influência dessas firmas sobre as decisões do IASB. A teoria dos grupos de interesses (Becker, 1983), em conjunto com os resultados desta pesquisa, contribuem para explicar que a falta de um mandato legal para impor suas normas e a necessidade de construir legitimidade fazem com que o IASB funcione como um mediador de interesses. Nesse cenário, a escolha de determinado tratamento contábil reflete uma decisão onde os reguladores procuram gerenciar os conflitos, mas acabam por atender com maior atenção as preferencias daqueles que forem mais efetivos em convencê-lo.The rise of an international and private body like the IASB and the massive convergence of many countries to its standards, have brought changes in the dynamics of the financial reporting regulation in different countries that, just like Brazil, historically had their accounting standard set by national laws under the responsibility of governmental entities. This new dynamic raises concerns for businesses, national standard-setters, governments, investors, academics and others interested in accounting standards. This research aimed to assess the association of specific characteristics of the participants of the international accounting regulation process promoted by the IASB and their influence in the definition of IFRS, investigating the alignment between the decisions of the Board and the opinions expressed by specific stakeholders during the period that draft standards were publicly exposed. For this, the comment letters sent to the IASB during the process of drafting the new standard on revenue recognition, Revenue from contracts with Customers were read and a content analysis was performed of 1,177 letters relating to both the public consultation to the Discussion Paper (December 2008) and the subsequent Exposure Draft (June 2010). Initial results showed that the IASB has met the preferences of most participants. However, some features of the lobbyists proved more associated with the regulatory decisions than others. The results of the logistic regression model revealed that the comments made by preparers of financial statements have a greater association with the decisions of the IASB, than the comments of national regulators, professionals in general, academics or users. This association is even greater when diverging views areraised in relation with the previous preferences of the regulator and their view is ultimately changed. If the company was American and showed disagreement with the proposed procedure, the chances of having its comment accepted were greater than if the suggestion came from a preparer from another country. Another finding was the existence of a strong association between the comments of the large multinational audit firms and the decisions of the IASB. A comment from one of the Big Four showed up to 5 times more probability to beaccepted by the regulator than a comment made by any other stakeholder. These aspects confirm the researches that report that the greater homogeneity of interest between preparers act as incentives for the exercise of lobbying and pressure that is associated with the decisions taken by the regulator. Additionally, analysis of the history and structure of the IASB, as well as a group of empirical studies are rich in reporting evidence that confirms the results in the association relationship between the decisions of the regulator and the preferences of the large audit firms. The ideological complicity among the Big Four and IASB, documented in researches, facilitates the association between the ideas of these organizations and imply in the possibility of influence of these firms on IASB´s decisions. Thus, the use of the theory of interest groups (Becker, 1983) together with the results presented in this research, explain the lack of a legal mandate to enforce its rules and the need to build legitimacy makes the IASB to act as a mediator interests. In this scenario, the choice of a particular accounting treatment reflects a decision in that regulators seek to manage conflicts, but eventually meet more closely the preferences of those who are most effective in convincing him.
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Chahed, Yasmine. "Mistrust in numbers : the rise of non-financial and future-oriented reporting in UK accounting regulation in the 1990s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2361/.
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This thesis studies the rise of non-financial and future-oriented narratives in the regulatory framework for financial reporting standard-setting and legislation in the UK in the 1990s. The questioning of financial reporting numbers that surfaced in these debates is called here a "mistrust in numbers". To study the moments when a 'trust in numbers' is destabilized through these debates, the thesis focuses on three interrelated processes of financial reporting change. First, the thesis addresses the ways in which accounting sought to expand into new territory - territory in which the emergence of a category of non-financial and future-oriented accounting became closely linked to a rethinking of the concepts of how to govern British companies in the last two decades of the 20th century. Second, the thesis analyses how the expansion of accounting standard-setting beyond a focus on the financial statements in the early 1990s was made possible by the interplay of a number of ideas - some complementary, others competing - about the technical, professional, and international role of the British Accounting Standards Board. Third, the thesis analyses the agenda-setting process for the British Company Law Review between 1998 and 2002. It outlines how, through this reform process, a realignment between law, accounting, and "the State" was sought, one that mediated and structured at the same time modes of economic governance pertaining to both "the State" and "the market". This thesis concludes that the calls in the UK for supplementing financial statements with non-financial and future-oriented reporting elements constitute a significant rethinking of the roles of accounting and regulation in organising economic life. This rethinking entails, it is suggested, a move away from an emphasis on the neutrality and objectivity which has typically been associated with accounting numbers, and towards one aspiring to provide "transparency" based on an underlying economic reality.
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Ribeiro, Humberto Nuno Rito. "New business combinations accounting rules and the mergers and aquisitions activity." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4404.
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The perennial controversy in business combinations accounting and its dialectic with stakeholders’ interests under the complexity of the Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activity is the centrepiece of analysis in this thesis. It is argued here that the accounting regulation should be as neutral as possible for the economic activity, although it is recognised that accounting changes may result in economic effects. In the case of the changes for business combinations accounting in the USA, lobbying was so fierce that in order to achieve the abolition of accounting choice in M&A accounting, it forced the standard-setter to compromise and to change substantially some of its earlier proposals. Such fierce lobbying cast doubts about whether it was effectively possible to mitigate such economic effects, resulting in a possible impact of the accounting changes on the M&A activity. The occurrence of M&A in waves is yet to be fully theorised. Nevertheless, existing literature established relationships between M&A activity and some key economic and financial factors, and has provided several interesting theories and other meaningful contributions for this thesis. It was therefore possible to examine whether the changes in the accounting rules produced any significant impact on the M&A activity. The findings obtained from the testing of the research hypotheses suggest that the new M&A accounting rules did not result in significant impacts on overall M&A activity. Nevertheless, from the study of managers’ perceptions, and from the examination of annual reports of S&P 500 companies, a considerable impact on the financial reporting was found.