Academic literature on the topic 'Regulations BBC'
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Journal articles on the topic "Regulations BBC"
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Yudhiasta, Sheidy, and Leily Suci Rahmatin. "Netnographic Analysis of Youtube Users Comments on Conservation Threats." Jurnal Spektrum Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (2022): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37826/spektrum.v10i1.276.
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Conservation and mining are considered as two contradictory aspects of an activity. Conservation activities will be lost if mining development does not match the area analysis. Ecosystems are threatened, and endemic species in an area will become extinct. Mining activities are often two sharp blades. On the one hand, it will increase the economy. However, on the other hand, the more significant damage will make it difficult for the ecosystem to return to its original condition. This is what is currently happening in the Sangihe Islands. Gold mining has become an issue in online discussions on the internet; objections and protests are conveyed to preserve the ecosystem of the region, not only from endemic animal and plant species but also from human existence. This research was conducted by exploring public comments, especially YouTube users in the comments column of the BBC News Indonesia YouTube video: Tambang Emas Pulau Sangihe Mengancam Hutan dan Burung Endemik yang Hampir Punah. A qualitative approach is used in this study with netnographic analysis to analyze netizen comments on BBC News Indonesia YouTube videos. Data retrieval using the botster.io website and analyzed using NVivo 12 software as a qualitative research management tool. The data obtained is 1.000 comments in the comments column. The analysis results show that the majority of internet residents in comments on YouTube videos uploaded by BBC News Indonesia gave a negative response to the Sangihe Island gold mine because it was considered a threat to the conservation and extinction of Sangihe's endemic species, namely the Sangihe Seriwang bird. People on the internet also respond that policy makers' participation in making regulations is important to cancel decisions related to the mining area.
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Hayati, Shohwunni. "Desacralization in Dressing as a Political Identity for World Peace in the Millennial Era." International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 22, no. 1 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ihya.22.1.5607.
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When someone dress, other people easily judges about the culture or religion that others have. It invites differences of opinion in enforcing rules within an institution such as schools, campuses, and offices. On March 06, 2018 BBC News reported there was a ban on wearing the face mask (cadar) at a state Islamic university because the threat of radicalism which always gave birth to new people especially in the millennial era now.This is because for some people the face mask (cadar) is seen as a sign of the development of conservative Islam and shows one's identity. But it creates public unrest and some people feel uneasy about the sacralization in the dress. Researcher used library research methods by using descriptive-qualitative type by using primary sources, literature on the theory of desacralization and politic of identity and secondary sources is from several supporting literature. The results, desacralization in dressing is that a person does not contain sacred in clothes except when worship this is at a profane time that dressing has a good meaning with applicable state regulations. Desacralization in dress as politics of identity will be able to position his own identity without disturbing the identity of others.
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Saleh, Alamira Samah. "Foreign Correspondents between the Hammer and the Anvil." Contemporary Arab Affairs 13, no. 3 (2020): 98–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2020.13.3.98.
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For many decades, Egypt has been considered a distinctive society in which individuals from different nations with different backgrounds and ideologies can live. However, it seems that the Egyptian political, social, and media landscape has witnessed considerable shifts in the dimensions of such diversity. This study examines the contemporary Egyptian perspective on the presence of foreign correspondents and the radical change in Egypt’s regulations toward their work, and moreover, the repercussions of such policies that might be affecting the safety, level of freedom, and sometimes the whole identity of foreign correspondents in Egypt. Moreover, it examines the tactics with which the government seeks to accentuate the discourses of “Othering” in Egyptian public perceptions via whipping up hype in the media. Undoubtedly, the events experienced by Egypt between 25 January 2011 and the present have changed the idea the state and society have of foreigners, in general, and foreign correspondents, in particular. Some indicators confirmed that a state of “xenophobia” has been escalating over the past nine years. Foreign correspondents and journalists have been among the groups harmed by this sentiment, to the detriment of their working conditions. Results show that the transitional period that followed Hosni Mubarak’s toppling in 2011 until today has witnessed many transformations in the handling of foreign correspondents’ work in Egypt. There have been attacks on and expulsions of journalists from Al Arabiya, Al Jazeera, The Associated Press, the BBC, CBS, CNN, Danish television, and others.
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Seco-Cervera, M., C. Bauset, C. Santana-Plata, et al. "P094 Transcriptomic and small RNA sequencing profile in ileal resections from complicated Crohn′s Disease patients." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (2022): i191—i192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.223.
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Abstract Background Crohn′s disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract that is classified into three different behaviours: the inflammatory (B1), the stenotic (B2) or the penetrating (B3). We pretend to identify differences in transcriptomic and non-long coding RNA expression profiles associated to damaged and no-damaged surgical ileal resections from complicated CD patients. Methods We conducted both RNA and small RNA sequencing profiling on ileal surgical resections from CD patients with structuring (n=10) or penetrating (n=10) behaviour; from each patient we obtained a sample from affected tissue (B2A and B3A, respectively) and the paired non-affected ileum (B2C and B3C, respectively). Ten ileal resections (control samples) were obtained from non-affected ileum of patients with right colorectal cancer (IL). Enrichment scores of the GO terms and KEGG pathways were used to functional analysis investigated in this study. Gene expression and miRNA profiles were validated by RT-qPCR. Results Our comparative bioinformatic analysis of RNA sequencing showed that the comparation of IL and the non-affected ileum from CD patients (B2C+B3C) revealed that only 11 genes were significantly altered and any miRNA with significative expression. The comparative analysis between B2A+B3A vs B2C+B3C showed: a) 2562 genes differentially regulated and the GO enrichment analysis determined that inflammation, cell activation, and regulation of the extracellular matrix (EM) were the main biological processes altered (Figure 1a). KEGG analysis showed that cytokine-receptor interaction and MAPK and Ras signalling were the most affected pathways (Figure 1b). Among the top ten up-regulated genes we found several immunoglobulins (such as IGHG4, IGHG3, and IGHG1), proteins of the extracellular matrix EM (such as EPYC, COMP, and CHI3L1), and transcription factors (such as PRRX1). When the analysis was performed by CD behaviour, results revealed that most of these genes were significantly increased in both, B2 and B3 CD; b) 103 miRNAs with differential expression, 56 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated. Negative and significant correlations were detected between the RNA expression of ECM components and some miRNA expression. Figure 1. Bar plot of enrichment analysis with differential expressed genes between B2A+B3A vs B2C+B3C. A) Biological Process (BP), Cellular Component (CC), and Molecular Function (MF) of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. B) Enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Conclusion The correlation detected between extracellular matrix components and some miRNA suggest an epigenetic regulation in the affected ileum of complicated CD patients.
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Jayachandran, J., and S. Malathi. "Improved power quality buck boost converter for SMPS." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (2019): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp789-801.
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In this paper, a Neural Network (NN) controlled Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) based Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for a PC application is proposed. The proposed BBC is analyzed, modeled and designed for the rated load. Generally, the utilization of Multiple Output SMPS (MOSMPS) for PC application introduces Power Quality (PQ) issues in the power system network. Unlike conventional SMPS the proposed NN controlled BBC can accomplish improvement of power quality. The NN controller reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of source current below 5%, maintains input side Power Factor (PF) to be nearly unity and improves the output voltage regulation. In the proposed system, NN controller replaces the conventional PI controller and overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional system. The proposed BBC is validated adopting MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation analysis validate that the proposed NN controlled BBC performs better than conventional converter in terms of PQ indices under fluctuating conditions.
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Budd, Alan. "The peacock committee and the BBC: Liberal values versus regulation." Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy. Public Money 6, no. 3 (1986): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540968609387395.
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BAADE, CHRISTINA. "‘The dancing front’: dance music, dancing, and the BBC in World War II." Popular Music 25, no. 3 (2006): 347–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143006000973.
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This paper offers a case history of the BBC's ambivalent engagement with dance music during the Second World War. It examines what ‘dance music’ meant to the BBC, musicians, and the public, and how they contested and performed those meanings in the context of new social dance practices and the growing popularity of what became known as ‘swing’ in Britain. Although broadcasting in effect disembodied music closely associated with the physical, the BBC was a primary way for people to access dance music which supported their bodily acts of leisure and regimentation. The BBC's study and regulation of dance music centred around two goals: pleasing important groups in national service and broadcasting morale-boosting music. The problem of whether these goals were congruent lay at the heart of the issue, for the youth active in national service emerged as the primary audience for the two genres – ‘swing’ and ‘sentimentality’ – about which the BBC felt most dubious.
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Fernández Vivas, Yolanda. "El régimen jurídico de los medios de comunicación en el Reino Unido." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 36 (July 1, 2015): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.36.2015.16075.
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El trabajo que aquí presentamos tiene por objeto el análisis del régimen jurídico de los medios de comunicación en el Reino Unido —prensa, radio y televisión, pública y privada, así como las autoridades de supervisión y control—, que se caracteriza por ser un sistema basado en los principios de independencia, imparcialidad y autorregulación, y cuyo modelo de radiotelevisión pública (la BBC) constituye una referencia en la prestación del servicio público de radiodifusión.This essay analyzes the legal framework for the media in the UK — press, radio and television both public and private, as well as the supervisory authorities — which is based on the principles of independence, impartiality and self-regulation, and whose model of public broadcasting (BBC) is the most relevant reference in public service broadcasting.
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Sexton, Max. "The Tripods: Distinction, Science Fiction and the BBC." Journal of British Cinema and Television 13, no. 3 (2016): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2016.0330.
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This article focuses on how mode and genre shaped the formal and narrative possibilities in The Tripods (BBC, 1984–5). It explores how the first and second series are substantially different from each other and offers an approach that attempts to explain the complex ways in which generic boundaries are made to operate within television. Such an approach can offer insight into how modifications in mode were a desire to replace an existing but ailing show, Doctor Who (BBC, 1963–) with one that would be successful because it fitted the existing industrial model of televisual flow. However, The Tripods ultimately failed because it deployed a strategy of visual distinction in contravention of the prevailing industrial televisual model. The regulation of form can be shown to be historically specific on British television, and the article examines assumptions regarding the fluidity of genre in this particular medium. The modification of The Tripods from an adventure show that addressed a general television audience to one that specifically addressed fans of science fiction demonstrates how shifts in genre can be linked to wider arguments about the increased complexity of the television image and a strategy of visual distinction as an example of the ‘era of availability’ on British television. Finally, a discussion of genre demonstrates the tensions between stability and uncertainty in an extensive cultural form such as television, and how the modality of genre is made complex by bringing together the social and the technological.
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Zha, Daojun, Qingsong Wang, Ming Cheng, Fujin Deng, and Giuseppe Buja. "Regulation Performance of Multiple DC Electric Springs Controlled by Distributed Cooperative System." Energies 12, no. 18 (2019): 3422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183422.
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DC electric springs (DCESs) have been recently developed to improve the voltage stability of a DC microgrid. A lately proposed DCES topology is comprised of a DC/DC three port converter (TPC), a bi-directional buck-boost converter (BBC) and a battery, and is arranged as follows: The TPC input port is fed by a renewable energy source (RES) whilst the two TPC output ports supply a non-critical load (NCL) and a critical load (CL) separately; in turn, BBC together with the battery constitutes the DCES energy storage unit (ESU) and is connected in parallel to CL. In this paper, a set of DCESs with such a topology and with their CLs connected to a common DC bus is considered. The control of the DCESs is built up around a distributed cooperative system having two control levels, namely primary and secondary, each of them endowed with algorithms committed to specific tasks. The structure of the control levels is explicated and their parameters are designed. The control system is applied to a DCES set taken as a study-case and tested by simulation. The results of the tests show the excellent performance of the control system in both regulating the CL DC bus voltage and keeping the state-of-charge of the battery within predefined limits.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regulations BBC"
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Santi, Luca. "Intron mediated regulation of BKn3, a plant homeobox gene, as supported by BBR (GAGA) binding factor." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965410145.
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Sarri, Stephanie. "The seasonal regulation of prolactin in the pituitary gland." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-seasonal-regulation-of-prolactin-in-the-pituitary-gland(ba545226-bbc9-47a6-8bfd-a294cd7aec47).html.
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For many species, adaptation of various physiological characteristics to the seasonally changing environment is vital in their survival and reproductive fecundity. Such seasonal alterations in physiology can affect growth, food intake, energy balance and gonadal activity, as well as the secretion of the pituitary hormone prolactin. The current suggested model of seasonal prolactin regulation dictates that the melatonin-responsive pars tuberalis (PT) of the anterior pituitary gland translates the photoperiodic input (measurement of day length) into a seasonal signal, which controls prolactin release. The primary aims of this study were to investigate the downstream decoding mechanisms of the melatonin signal and the currently uncharacterized factors, named ‘tuberalins’, which are considered to be released by the PT and involved in the seasonal entrainment process. The most likely candidates believed to have a key role in the seasonal regulation of prolactin, as the PT-derived tuberalins, are Substance P and Neurokinin A, members of a group of bioactive peptides known as neurokinins. These molecules, which have previously been shown to have an effect on prolactin release, are encoded by the TAC1 (tachykinin, precursor 1) gene, which was recently identified as being strongly activated by ‘summer like’ long photoperiods (LP) within the ovine PT.In the present study, the Fischer 344/NHsd (F344/NHsd) rat, a photoperiod-sensitive laboratory strain that responds to ‘winter like’ short photoperiods (SP) by decreasing its body weight, food intake, testes weight and the secretion of pituitary prolactin, was used as a model species to investigate the potential involvement of neurokinins in the seasonal regulation of prolactin. The action of the neurokinins Substance P and Neurokinin A was tested with the help of a transgenic F344 rat, which expresses the reporter gene luciferase under the control of the prolactin promoter, providing a tool for studying prolactin regulation. An in vitro reporter system was set up using transgenic F344 tissue, and this revealed no effect of the neurokinins on prolactin promoter activity. In situ hybridization studies revealed a lack of TAC1 mRNA expression in the PT region of the F344/NHsd rat. These results do not support a role for neurokinins in the seasonal regulation of prolactin in the rat, suggesting a possible divergence in the seasonal pathway of prolactin regulation between species. Nonetheless, the expression of TAC1 was found to be regulated by photoperiod in other key areas of the brain, including the ependymal layer of the third ventricle of the hypothalamus, which has previously been associated with seasonal adaptations in body weight and reproduction. Furthermore, the in situ hybridization studies reveal the LP-activated expression of Eyes absent 3 (Eya3), a transcription factor-encoding gene, in the PT of the F344/NHsd rat, and this finding is similarly revealed in the Syrian hamster, a strongly seasonal species. Recent studies in seasonal birds and mammals have identified Eya3 as the first common strongly activated gene in the PT, following exposure to LP and suggested that it may have a key role as a master regulator of seasonal responses. The novel finding of Eya3 up-regulation in the rat under LP further highlights the conserved nature of Eya3 expression in photoperiodic species and presents the F344/NHsd laboratory rat as a valuable rodent model in the study of photoperiodism.
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Palm, Felicia, and Karlsson David Hindersson. "Modulbostäder som en permanent byggnad : En jämförelse av bostadsventilation och krav." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231295.
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Sveriges befolkning ökar och i takt med detta behöver fler bostäder byggas. En flexibel lösning till problemet skulle kunna vara modulbostäder. Detta examensarbete undersöker i huvudsak två frågeställningar. Dels hur modulerna står mot de krav som ställts på den svenska byggnadsmarknaden. Dels hur valet av ventilation kan påverka modulbostäderna. Detta genomförs med en jämförelse av kostnader, energiberäkningar och krav mot en referensmodul. Tanken med modulbostäder är att bland annat minska byggtiden genom att producera modulerna i fabrik. Modulerna kan också byggas för att vara möjliga att flytta efter behov. Studien har genomförts genom faktainsamling från litteratur samt intervjuer med ventilationsföretag och företag som jobbar med moduler. Avgränsningar har bland annat gjorts till att bara studera flerbostadshus. Resultatet tyder på att modulbostäder i teorin uppfyller de krav som ställs från bland annat Boverket. Företag satsar mot hållbara byggnader och försöker bygga sina moduler mer som ett vanligt flerbostadshus. Detta ger en längre livslängd och energieffektivare byggnader. Ventilationen visade ett resultat som var svårtolkat. Mycket beror på byggnadens utformning och valet av aggregat från leverantör. Detta tillsammans med vaga värden från ventilationsleverantörerna gjorde det svårt att avgöra vilket system som vore mest fördelaktiga. Val av system kan väljas från mjukare värden som för- och nackdelar. Beroende på om bostäderna behöver vara flexibla så är det att föredra med individuella system. Ser man till kostnad däremot så kan ett centralt system vara med fördelaktigt.<br>The Swedish population is growing and as well the demand for housing construction. A flexible solution to this problem could be modular houses. This thesis examines two main issues. Issue number one focuses on how modular houses can achieve compared to the Swedish standard building regulations. The other issue focuses on how the choice of ventilation system can affect the building. To achieve an answer, comparisons of costs, energy calculations and regulations against an reference housing. The idea with modular housing is to reduce the construction time by building the modules in a industry. A module can also be made portable depending on where it is most needed. This study has been carried through by gathering information from literature and interviews with ventilation- and modular housing companies. Limitations has been made for instance, to apartment buildings. Results show in theory that modular housing compares well to regulations put up by Boverket. Companies working with modular houses has focused more on building modules that can be compared to other types of housing buildings. This gives the modules a longer life span as well as more energy efficiency. It is a bit more difficult to analyze the results from ventilation systems. A lot is depended on the modules design and also the choice of unit. This along with vague data from the ventilation companies made it difficult to choose which system would be more effective. To be able to choose a system from this thesis, softer values like pro and cons to be given in consideration. Depending on the need of the building, different choices could be made. If flexibility is important then a individual system may be preferred. While if cost is more important, then central system should be the choice.
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Thuresson, Henrik, and Fredrik Persson. "Fuktproblematiken : En studie om fuktsäkerhet på byggarbetsplatsen." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1160.
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<p>Kostnaderna för fuktskador i Sverige uppskattas årligen uppgå till mångmiljard belopp.</p><p>Fuktskador i byggnader medför också en ökad risk för ohälsa hos brukarna. Kunskapen för</p><p>att producera fuktsäkra byggnader finns men utnyttjas inte i den omfattning den borde.</p><p>Den 1 juli 2007 träder en ny upplaga av Boverkets byggregler i kraft. Förtydliganden har</p><p>gjorts i avsnittet gällande fukt, vilka underlättar verifieringen av entreprenadens</p><p>fuktsäkerhet. Reglerna innefattar också krav på kritiska fukttillstånd i material. Denna studie</p><p>syftar till att kartlägga brister i produktionsskedet och hur produktionen kan utvecklas för att</p><p>motsvara de i Boverkets byggregler ställda krav på fuktsäkerhet.</p><p>Intervjuer har förts med olika representanter i byggbranschen för att ge en helhetssyn av</p><p>fuktproblematiken. Göran Hedenblad vid Boverket menar att tillsynen och kontrollen av</p><p>fukt kan och måste bli bättre på byggarbetsplatsen. Fuktkonsulten Tord Nilsson hävdar att</p><p>de nya kraven innebär ett paradigmskifte som medför stora förändringar på dagens sätt att</p><p>producera byggnader. De intervjuer som gjordes med beställare och entreprenör visar dock</p><p>på både bristande fuktkunskap och bristande strategi för att nå ett fuktsäkert byggande.</p><p>Vid fältstudien påvisades brister i produktionen med avseende på skydd av material och</p><p>konstruktion, uttorkning och utförandet av fuktkvotsmätningar. Många av dessa brister</p><p>härrör från att fuktproblematiken inte har en central roll vare sig i program-, projekteringseller</p><p>produktionsskedet. Vidare konstateras att kunskapsnivån för att hantera fukt kan</p><p>utvecklas hos all personal och i alla delar av byggprocessen.</p><p>Av de observationer som gjorts under fältstudien har åtgärdsförslag till en ökad fuktsäkerhet</p><p>sammanställts i rapporten. Vidare har ett informationsblad utarbetats för att informera om</p><p>fukt och dess skadeverkningar samt att ge några förslag till åtgärder som kan förbättra</p><p>fukthanteringen ute på byggarbetsplatsen. Informationsbladet bör placeras på</p><p>byggarbetsplatsen för att stödja entreprenören i sitt fuktsäkringsarbete.</p><p>Eftersom ramverket för projektet är fastslaget då produktionsfasen tar vid innebär detta</p><p>begränsningar för fuktsäkerhetsarbetet. För att skapa bättre förutsättningar för en fuktsäkrare</p><p>produktion anser vi att en fuktsakkunnig skall anlitas så tidigt som möjligt i projektet.</p><br><p>The costs regarding moisture damages in buildings in Sweden are expected to reach several</p><p>billions SEK each year. These moisture damages also result in an increased risk regarding</p><p>health issues among the users. The knowledge of how to produce moisture secure buildings</p><p>exists, but it is not beeing used to the extent it could be.</p><p>The first of July 2007 a new edition of Boverket´s regulations regarding buildings takes</p><p>effect. Boverket is the Swedish board of housing, building and planning. Clarifications have</p><p>been made concerning moisture issues which facilitate the verifications of moisture security</p><p>in the chain of building production. The regulations also contain demands according to</p><p>critical levels of moisture in building materials. This study is meant to survey errors in the</p><p>production phase and how the production can develop to correspond to the regulations stated</p><p>by Boverket regarding moisture safety.</p><p>We interviewed different representatives in the building sector to give a general impression</p><p>of the moisture issues. Göran Hedenblad at Boverket states that the supervision and control</p><p>regarding moisture on the construction site can and must be improved. The moisture</p><p>consultant Tord Nilsson believes that the new demands will result in huge changes</p><p>concerning the way buildings are produced. The interviews carried out with the future</p><p>proprietor and the contractor displayed a lack of knowledge and strategy concerning how to</p><p>produce moisture secure structures.</p><p>The field study pointed out incongruities concerning how building materials and the</p><p>constructions were protected from moisture influence, evaporation and the control of the</p><p>moisture levels in the structure. Many of these flaws originate from the fact that moisture</p><p>issues are not a central matter, neither in the phase of planning nor production. Further it can</p><p>be established that the level of knowledge regarding how to deal with moisture problems can</p><p>be developed among all personnel and sectors in the building process.</p><p>The observations implemented during the field study have resulted in several preventive</p><p>measures which are compiled in this thesis. Further has an information sheet been put</p><p>together with the purpose to inform about these preventive measures and the damages</p><p>moisture inflicts upon structures and human beings. The information sheet should be placed on the construction site to support the contractors in their work for a more moisture safe</p><p>production.</p>
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Leddin, Mathias. "Unterschiedliche Autoregulation am PU.1 Lokus in B -Zellen und myeloischen Zellen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16546.
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Als Schlüsselfaktor des hämatopoietischen Systems spielt PU.1 eine ent-scheidende Rolle in der Entwicklung der meisten hämatopoietischen Li-nien. Das PU.1 Expressionslevel bestimmt das Differenzierungspotential hämatopoietischer Stammzellen und Vorläufer. In den unterschiedlichen Zelltypen werden verschiedene Expressionsstärken etabliert. Wie diese zelltypischen Expressionslevel vonPU.1 generiert werden, ist bisher weit-gehend unbekannt. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wurde mit Hilfe eines transgenen Maus-modells die cis-regulatorische Einheit von PU.1 definiert, um mit nachfol-genden molekularbiologischen und genomweiten Ansätzen Mechanismen der zellspezifischen Regulation von PU.1 zu aufzuzeigen. Die Definition der cis-regulatorischen Einheit von PU.1 erfolgte mit Hilfe eines transgenen Mausmodells, welches ein humanes PU.1 BAC Kons-trukt trägt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass humanes und murines PU.1 substituierbar sind und den gleichen Regulationsmechanismen unterlie-gen. Mit Hilfe genomweite DNaseI hypersensitivity Analysen, Methylie-rungs- und Bindungsstudien konnte ein neuer Regulationsmechanismus beschrieben werden, der eine spezifische kombinatorische Interaktion verschiedener cis-regulatorischer Elemente erfordert. Durch Reportergenassays in verschiedenen Zelltypen war es möglich, einen myeloischen Enhancer zu identifizieren. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass PU.1 mit zelltyp-spezifischen Transkriptionsfaktoren interagiert, um unterschiedliche Bindungsmuster an seinen regulatorischen Elementen zu etablieren. Dadurch kommt es zu den spezifischen Expressionstärken von PU.1<br>The transcription factor PU.1 occupies a central role in controlling myeloid and early B cell development and its correct lineage-specific expression is critical for the differentiation choice of hematopoietic progenitors. However, little is known of how this tissue-specific pattern is established. We previously identified an upstream regulatory cis-element (URE) whose targeted deletion in mice decreases PU.1 expression and causes leukemia. We show here that the URE alone is insufficient to confer physiological PU.1 expression, but requires the cooperation with other, previously unidentified elements. Using a combination of transgenic studies, global chromatin assays and detailed molecular analyses we present evidence that PU.1 is regulated by a novel mechanism involving cross-talk between different cis-elements together with lineage-restricted autoregulation. In this model, PU.1 regulates its expression in B cells and macrophages by differentially associating with cell-type specific transcription factors at one of its cis-regulatory elements to establish differential activity patterns at other elements.
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Zentner, Sara. "The impact of energy- and building policy on property companies in Sweden : Mandatory regulations vs. voluntary commitments." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145115.
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What forces are today driving large property companies in Sweden to save energy and increase energy performance in buildings? This master thesis focusing on mandatory- and voluntary policy has used a Political Science perspective on Urban Planning questions. In this qualitative case-study, interviews were conducted with 7 out of the 10 biggest property companies in Sweden. It includes both an investigation into which policies are found to be relevant for companies as well as a discussion about which actors are pushing them to reduce energy and become more sustainable. Results show that companies make voluntary commitments that go beyond what current mandatory building- and energy regulations demand. Instead they use voluntary policy 25-35% below BBR-levels, mainly by using building certification Miljöbyggnad, to certify and communicate their efforts. All companies have energy targets published in yearly reports and continuously work to reduce their energy- and emissions output. Yearly reports also show that 6 out of 7 companies now use the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Some have joined benchmarking initiative GRESB or the CDP. The use of voluntary informational disclosure systems show that companies are under increasing pressure to become more (verifiably) sustainable.
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Music, Nermina, and Hilda Lund. "Energianalys av Sveriges största skola byggd med passivhusteknik." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76613.
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För att uppnå Sveriges energimål har servicesektorn börjat bygga energieffektiva byggnader. I detta examensarbete har energiberäkningar med hjälp av VIP-Energy utförts för Elmeskolan som är byggd enligt passivhusteknik. Resultatet av energiberäkningen har jämförts med kraven enligt BBR 22 och 25 och passivhusstandarden. Det visade sig att kraven för BBR och passivhusstandarden uppfylldes. Även en beräkning av energiprestanda för BBR 22 och 25 med avseende på bergvärme och fjärrvärme har tagits fram med hjälp av definitioner enligt Boverkets byggregler. Energiprestandan för bergvärme visade sig vara lägre än för fjärrvärme. Tre LCC-kalkyler har utförts med hjälp av en Excel-mall. Den beräknade energiprestandan för Elmeskolan samt det maximala kravet för energiprestanda för passivhusstandarden och BBR 22 har legat till grund för kalkylen. Kalkylen resulterade i att Elmeskolans energikostnad var en fjärdedel i jämförelse med kravet för BBR 22. Syftet med denna studie är att resultatet ska påvisa fördelarna med att uppföra byggnader med passivhusteknik samt påvisa energieffektiviteten för ett passivhus.<br>In order to achieve Sweden's energy goals, the service sector needs to build energy-efficient buildings. Therefore, the national board of housing, building and planning proposed building regulations called BBR that consists of requirements and general recommendations for both new and existing building and contains multidimensional aspects including energy management in the building. Passive house building is also another promising solution to approach an energy efficient building. The main aim of this study is to assess the energy performance of a case study building according to the both BBR and passive house building criteria. Correspondingly, Elmeskolan, which has been built based on passive house standards, is chosen as the case study and a model is developed using a building energy-modelling program, VIP-Energy. The result of the energy calculation has been compared with the requirements of BBR 22 and 25 and the Passive House Standards. The study shows that the requirements for BBR and Passive House Standards were met for the case studied building. The primary energy demand of the heat supply system in the building is assessed by considering either geothermal or district heating system according to the Boverket’s energy management building regulations. It is concluded that the primary energy demand in case of using geothermal system is lower than district heating system to supply building heating demand. A simplified LCC analysis has been considered in this study due to the passive house standard and BBR 22 and 25 building regulations. The results show energy cost of the case studied building that is built based on passive house criteria is 25 % of total energy cost of similar building that built based on BBR 22 requirements. The results show the benefits of passive house requirements in comparison with BBR regulations for the case studied building in terms of thermo-economic objectives.
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McNairn, Julie Anne. "The central regulation of blood pressure and salt appetite by brain 11β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 : a novel gene targeting technique". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31048.
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Hypertension is the chronic elevation in blood pressure that is regulated in part through the retention and regulation of sodium retention and excretion in the kidneys. Hence the kidney has been considered the organ that regulates blood pressure. There are a cohort of patients that suffer with high blood pressure due to lack of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 2 (11β-HSD2) expression (which inactivates glucocorticoids (GCs), allowing selective activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) by aldosterone) that results in hypertensive and increased salt appetite phenotypes - a condition known as syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME). This disorder can be recapitulated in the mouse through the global deletion of 11β-HSD2, which results in over activation of the MR driving an elevation in blood pressure. However, the distinction between blood pressure elevation because of kidney dysfunction with loss of 11β-HSD2 or increased salt appetite due to loss of brain 11β-HSD2 expression is not clear from the global 11β-HSD2 knockout model. Salt appetite is regulated by regions of the brain out-with the blood-brain barrier, known as circumventricular organs. In the mouse, salt appetite is controlled by aldosterone-sensitive cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brain stem, where 11β-HSD2 is expressed to provide mineralocorticoid selectivity. However, in the fetal brain, 11β-HSD2 is widely expressed, protecting against adverse GC action that alters brain development and increases susceptibility to psychiatric disorders as adults. 11β-HSD2 deletion solely in the brain from embryonic day 12 resulting in GC fetal programming (HSD2BKO) causes effects on both behaviour and salt appetite. To determine the role of developmental versus adult expression of brain 11β- HSD2, mice with deletion of brain 11β-HSD2 from mid gestation (HSD2BKO) and mice with adult deletion of 11β-HSD2 in the NTS using lentivirus (HSD2.v- BKD) were compared. The phenotypes (salt appetite, blood pressure (BP), baroreceptor response (BRR) and cognition), can be categorised as either due to GC fetal programming (as indicated by HSD2BKO groups), or increased activation of MR in adult 11β-HSD2 expressing neurons (recapitulated in the HSD2.v-Cre groups). Salt appetite increased in both HSD2BKO and HSD2.v-BKD cohorts (mean percentage increase 65% n=8 and 46% n=6, compared to their respective controls), leading to an increased BP in both groups (+12% and +8%, respectively) as well as an impaired BRR, indicating all phenotypes are mediated by adult NTS neurons. However, spatial recognition memory (Object-in-Place task) is abolished in HSD2BKO mice, whereas, HSD2.v-BKD mice still retain short-term memory. Our data suggest that neural 11β-HSD2 protects against inappropriate activation of MR by corticosterone to regulate salt appetite and salt-induced rises in blood pressure. However, spatial recognition memory is not influenced by deletion of 11β-HSD2 in the adult brain, confirmation that this phenotype is underpinned by developmental programming by GCs, which is observed in the 11β-HSD2 brain KO. Salt appetite has been shown to be centrally regulated through the adult deletion of 11β-HSD2. From this, our data suggest that an increased salt appetite is due to adult loss of function of 11β-HSD2 rather than GC programming during development. Highlighting the NTS as a region for drug delivery to try and control salt appetite in salt sensitive individuals who struggle with administering a recommended change in diet. To develop this further, minimally invasive modes of delivery of viruses and drugs into the brain were investigated. In so doing, a non-invasive and reversible method to temporarily disrupt the blood brain barrier (BBB) was optimised. The technique required acoustic insonation of ultrasonic contrast agents (CAs) (gas microbubbles) adjacent to the BBB. These microbubbles (SonoVueTM, Bracco) were delivered via tail vein injection into the vasculature. To target the BBB, an ultrasonic transducer was suspended and focused through coupling gel onto the area of interest in the brain with skull the intact. The optimisation of this technique required determination of the focal position of the 3.5MHz transducer that was utilised, in addition to optimisation of the pulse length, pulse repetition frequency and power output of the ultrasound beam to enable the BBB to be disrupted. In addition, measurement of the attenuation of the ultrasound beam through ex vivo mouse skulls were measured. These results showed a 50% reduction in pressure amplitude from the baseline of 335.2mV (Baseline mean = 100% +/-SEM 0 n=3 (No skull), five regions across the skull averaged 47.79% +/-SEM 1.913 n=25 (using 5 different animals). In in vivo mice, after co-injection of the microbubbles with Evans Blue and insonation of the brain, disruption of the BBB was confirmed by the presence of Evans Blue dye in the brain, with no measurable damage occurring in the brain. This was confirmed by cell and nuclear morphology with no red blood cell extravasation into the surrounding tissue. The parameters used to open the BBB used a peak negative pressure of 2.1MPa (single pulse), transducer frequency 3.5MHz, 35,000 cycles over a 10ms burst at a pulse repetition frequency of 10Hz. The technique when applied in vivo in recovery animals is speculated to work by the focused ultrasound causing the microbubbles to oscillate within the vasculature adjacent to the BBB, resulting in high-shear stresses being generated on the tight junctions within the BBB. The resultant gaps in the BBB allow free circulating compounds (e.g. large dye molecules (Evans Blue - 960.8g/mol molecular weight) and adeno-associated-viruses (25nm with a packing capacity of 4.5kb) within the blood to pass into the brain, but there is no penetration of red blood cells (7μm). Longitudinal mouse experiments demonstrated that within 12-hours these gaps close with no long-term damage observed. Currently, utilising this technique, successful passage of an adeno-associated virus expressing GFP (as a marker) has been shown to pass into the brain (n=6 for each cohort including control) - indicating that the virus requires the ultrasound and microbubbles to facilitate its movement into the brain. Further technique optimisation is being explored looking at the role of CAs used in the opening and disruption of the BBB, comparing composition and size of the CAs. Microbubbles (2-3μm) and nanobubbles (200nm) were compared as well as lipid and non-ionic surfactant surface compositions, using volume of drug delivery and degree of disruption as outputs. Using this technique, the hydrophilic drug mimic calcein was delivered into the brain (n=5 non-ionic surfactant nanobubble, n=5 lipid nanobubble). Results have indicated that the delivery of calcein is most efficient when using non-ionic surfactant nanobubbles as opposed to lipid nanobubbles - with a greater volume of the drug being delivered into the cerebral tissue. Furthermore, the concentration and surface composition of the nanobubble have an effect as to the size and potential damage to the brain when opening the BBB. In conclusion, it has been shown that it is possible to non-invasively open the BBB and deliver viruses and dye into the brain. In addition, this thesis has investigated the use of nanobubbles as both facilitators to opening the BBB and delivery vectors for potentially therapeutic drugs. Finally, a non-invasive opening of the BBB has been achieved using focused ultrasound. Ultimately this non-invasive opening of the BBB can be used to achieve delivery of larger molecules (such as antibodies and viruses) into the brain to target treatments. Focused ultrasound brain targeting can be applied to the potential treatment of salt appetite regulation in the NTS. For the individuals who suffer from salt sensitive hypertension, the NTS can be targeted to reduce the drive to ingest high salt diets. Furthermore, the continuation of research into the central control of BP, salt appetite and baroreceptor reflex control can become better understood, using less invasive delivery techniques to the brain.
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Naughton, Bartholomew J. IV. "Brain Region and Cell Type Specific Approaches to Study Drug Abuse." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1314715486.
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Hedberg, Rebecca. "Brandskyddssituationen i bostäder som marknadsförs åt äldre." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76584.
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I Sverige styrs det förebyggande brandskyddsarbetet sedan 2010 av en nollvision som lyder: ”Ingen ska omkomma eller skadas allvarligt till följd av brand”. Utvecklingen av antalet dödsbränder har stadigt minskat under lång tid och ligger nu på runt 100 dödsfall i brand varje år. För åldersgruppen 65+ har utvecklingen dock stagnerat och på senare tid sker inte längre någon minskning av antalet dödsfall i brand i denna grupp. Dessa står för drygt hälften av alla omkomna i brand årligen och med tanke på den kommande ökade andelen äldre i samhället finns det nu oro för hur detta kommer att påverka utvecklingen av äldre som omkommer i brand. Det brinner inte oftast hos äldre, men när det brinner omkommer de. Äldre bor främst i egna bostäder och på senare tid har bostäder som marknadsförs åt äldre (t.ex. senior-/trygghetsbostäder, 65+, 70+, etc.) upptagit en växande andel av dessa. Detta i takt med ett ökat bostadsbehov bland äldre och en kvarboendeprincip där individer så långt som möjligt ska beredas möjlighet att bo kvar i sina egna bostäder när de blir äldre. Problemet är att dessa bostäder trots att de marknadsförs som tryggare bara uppfyller det i social bemärkelse. Brandskyddsmässigt har de inte högre brandskydd än vanliga bostäder eftersom de tilldelats samma verksamhetsklass (Vk 3A). I denna studie har det nuvarande byggnadstekniska brandskyddet studerats i ett urval av projekt som marknadsförts åt äldre. Studien visar att projekten i urvalet alla möter Vk 3A och endast några få har högre ambitioner brandskyddsmässigt. I två av dessa fall handlar ambitionerna om förstärkt varseblivningssystem och i ytterligare två om installation av spisvakt i samtliga bostäder. Dessutom framkom det att fler än hälften av projekten dimensionerats med utgångspunkt i att räddningstjänsten ska bistå utrymning. Något som är bekymmersamt med tanke på att mer än hälften av landets räddningstjänster i en nylig studie uppgav att de har problem med att upprätthålla en kontinuerlig beredskap. Dessutom har studien sökt sakkunniga för att i en enkät redogöra för äldres förmåga att utrymma själva i bostadstypen och det individanpassade brandskyddsarbetet i kommunen. En enkät skickades även till räddningstjänster för att ta reda på deras perspektiv och deras erfarenheter av problemet. Sammantaget identifierar både tidigare studier, och respondenter till denna studie, verksamhetsklassificeringen som ett stort problem i bostadstypen. De vidhåller att individanpassat brandskyddsarbete aldrig kan ersätta individens förmåga att utrymma. Därtill arbetar bara hälften av landets kommuner med individanpassat brandskydd i någon form. Konsekvensen av detta är att brandskyddet äldre får är beroende på var i landet de bor och följaktligen blir inte brandskyddet jämlikt. Detta är inte ett problem utan lösning, snarare tvärt om. Det är ett problem som kräver en mängd lösningar på nationell och lokal nivå. En del av problemen kan lösas med relativt enkla medel genom ökat stöd från myndigheter till kommuner som kämpar med att få igång individanpassat brandskyddsarbete. Andra problem – som verksamhetsklassificeringen – kräver en översyn av utformningen av den existerande brandskyddslagstiftningen. Det är förståeligt att myndigheter, med tanke på den kommande demografiska utvecklingen, vill driva på byggnation av bostäder. Men det borde inte behöva vara på bekostnad av de boendes säkerhet och trygghet.<br>Since 2010 preventive fire-safety measures in Sweden are all based on a common zero vision that reads: “No one should die or be seriously injured because of fire”. For the past half-century there has been a steady decline in fire-related deaths and in recent years that number has been around 100 each year. However, for one group of individuals that decline has ceased. For individuals older than 65 the death toll has been a steady average of 50 fire-related deaths per year for some time. These represent half of all fire-related deaths each year and the predicted population-increase in this age-group has started to cause some concern about how this will affect the death-toll. Individuals older than 65 primarily live in their own homes. In recent years homes specifically marketed to the elderly (in terms of safety and comfort) have taken up a larger portion of those. This increase in homes marketed to the elderly has followed a greater need for homes for the elderly as well as a Swedish principle of “home-living”. The idea is that individuals should be afforded every possibility to remain in their own homes as they age. The problem with these marketed homes is that the safety and comfort they promise is so in no other way than socially. Current fire-safety regulation sets no higher standard for these homes than for regular homes. This study has examined what level of fire-safety a chosen group of build-projects for marketed homes has. The study shows that all the studied projects meet current regulations, only a few indicate higher safety-ambitions. In two of these those, the higher ambitions were enhanced warning-systems and in another two stove guards were installed in all apartments. What was more the study found that more than half of the projects were designed to require assistance from fire-rescue services in order to evacuate the building. This is particularly alarming since more than half of the fire-rescue services in Sweden reported not being able to maintain continuous service in a recent study. Additionally, this study has surveyed municipal-experts for information on what ability elderly in these marketed homes have to evacuate on their own and on how they work with individually adapted fire-safety in the municipality. Fire-safety services were also surveyed for their knowledge and experience with the issue. In conclusion, both previous studies and the respondents to this study identify the fire-safety regulations applied to these marketed homes as an issue of significance. They all conclude that individually adapted fire-safety cannot possibly replace the individual’s capability to evacuate. Furthermore, only half of Swedish municipalities have adapted the process of individually adapted fire-safety in some way or shape. The main consequence of this is that the level of fire-safety elderly are prepared varies across the country and consequently fails to be equal. The issue at hand requires a multitude of solutions on a local and national scale. Some issues are relatively easily solved by government agencies providing more support to struggling, smaller municipalities. Other issues – like the lacking regulations for the marketed homes – require a review of current fire-safety regulations. It is understandable for agencies to want to meet a housing deficit, especially considering the looming demographic changes. But it should not come at the cost of elderly individuals’ safety and comfort.
Books on the topic "Regulations BBC"
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Georgian Club (Vancouver, B.C.). Constitution, rules and regulations of the Georgian Club, Vancouver, B.C. [s.n.], 1997.
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Georgian, Club (Vancouver B. C. ). Constitution, rules and regulations of the Georgian Club, Vancouver, B.C. [s.n.], 1997.
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Vancouver, Club (Vancouver B. C. ). Constitution and rules and regulations of the Vancouver Club, Vancouver, B.C., amended to 30th June, 1914. s.n., 1995.
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Development, British Columbia Ministry of Economic. Licensing & regulations for B.C. business: A handbook summarizing the significant provincial, federal and municipal government requirements for the establishment and operation of a business. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Economic Development, 1987.
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Sit down and drink your beer: Regulating Vancouver's beer parlours, 1925-1954. University of Toronto Press, 2001.
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Budd, Alan. The Peacock Committee and the BBC: Liberal values versus regulation. Public Money, 1986.
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Council, National Safety, and United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration., eds. Setting limits, saving lives: The case for .08 BAC laws. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Traffic Safety Administration, 2001.
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Council, National Safety, and United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration., eds. Setting limits, saving lives: The case for .08 BAC laws. National Safety Council, 1997.
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G, Hanna Kenneth, Smith David J. 1934-, Bodkin Jill, and Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia., eds. Securities Act (B.C.) and regulations: Materials prepared for a Continuing Legal Education seminar held in Vancouver, B.C. on January 14 & 15, 1987. Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 1987.
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Neil, De Gelder, Wanstall Adrienne, Frydenlund David C, and Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia., eds. Securities Act (B.C.) and regulations, 1988 update: Material prepared for a Continuing Legal Education seminar held in Vancouver, B.C. on June 21, 1988. Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Regulations BBC"
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Loos, Marco B. M. "The Regulation of Digital Content B2C Contracts in CESL." In Studies in European Economic Law and Regulation. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04903-8_30.
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Mac Síthigh, Daithí. "Convergence." In Telecommunications Law and Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807414.003.0019.
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The purpose of this chapter is to explain, in the context of telecommunications law and regulation, the regulation by EU and UK law of audiovisual and radio media services. Overarching principles are found in the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, which takes an approach described as technologically neutral, but established two top-level categories of regulation, for television (or linear) services and on-demand (or non-linear) services. In the case of television services, a wide range of standalone works and comprehensive Sections or chapters on the regulation of broadcasting are available. As such, the focus here (with a view to the interests of readers) is on licensing of content and multiplex services by Ofcom and the handling of complaints about those services, with a bias towards the standard licences for services on cable, satellite, internet, and digital terrestrial platforms, and the regulation of DTT multiplexes and of on-demand services, as opposed to detailed description of the BBC and the commercial public service broadcasters. Indeed, the European Court of Human Rights has regularly found that the regulation of communications infrastructure can have a real impact on the receiving and imparting of information.
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Beveridge, Robert. "Public Service Broadcasting: A View from Scotland." In A Future for Public Service Television. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9781906897710.003.0040.
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This chapter discusses public service broadcasting in Scotland. The relationship between broadcasting in Scotland and broadcasting on a UK basis is analogous to that between the UK film industry and Hollywood. At the very least, it can be defined as neglect: sometimes benign; sometimes malign but in many cases, and over many decades, a refusal to enable the culture(s) and identities of the nation of Scotland to find full expression. It is argued that the Scottish Parliament should be fully responsible for media policy and media regulation in and for Scotland, including BBC Scotland. BBC Scotland also needs to have control of its own scheduling and to adopt an opt-in rather than an opt-out policy towards programming, thus taking account of the distinct and distinctive nature of the Scottish television and media market and patterns of consumption.
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"Regulations, Traders and Taxes." In Roman Economic Policy in the Erythra Thalassa 30 B.C.-A.D. 217. BRILL, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004328266_005.
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"SEG XXVIII 421: ARCADIA. MEGALOPOLIS. SANCTUARY REGULATIONS. CA. 200 B.C." In Greek Sacred Law. BRILL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047405801_010.
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Gantzias, George. "Governing by Humans, Not by Robots." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5077-9.ch007.
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Artificial intelligence and robots together with fake news have challenged irrevocably not only the traditional business organizations and representative democracy but also the role of regulatory mechanisms in digital capitalism. In 2020, companies will need to develop a new culture (i.e., the business intelligence culture[BIC]) in order to understand that human resources, currently one of the lowest rungs in a company ladder, will be elevated to the same position as research and development. This chapter examines and analyses artificial intelligence, robots, and human decision-making process together with the role of automatic decision-making algorithms in business systems. It considers critical questions regarding global regulation, ethical standards, public interest, and democracy. It examines the need for regulation in digital capitalism. Finally, it outlines the models business intelligence culture (BIC) and collective will democracy (CWD) as methodological tools to analyze humans and robots' governance in the digital era.
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Takatsuki, Yuli, and Nigel Abbas. "The Privacy Codes." In Tugendhat and Christie: The Law of Privacy and The Media. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685745.003.0021.
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Alongside the legal framework which regulates the media’s activities, a system of regulation operates to uphold standards of journalism and programme-making and to provide at least a partial remedy for those whose privacy has been invaded by the media. Different bodies currently regulate different branches of the media. Ofcom (the Office of Communications) regulates the content of all television and radio programmes in the United Kingdom except that the BBC retains sole jurisdiction in relation to certain matters broadcast on BBC channels funded by the licence fee. The Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) has recently taken over as principal regulator of the newspaper and magazine industry (although a new body, the Independent Monitor for the Press (Impress), has also recently been formed). IPSO replaced the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) in September 2014, with which has now ceased to exist, having regulated the print media industry since 1991. These bodies adjudicate upon complaints with reference to codes of practice which media falling within their regulatory remit are required to comply. The Ofcom Broadcasting Code, drawn up and regularly reviewed and revised by Ofcom, is the primary broadcasting code relating to the broadcast of television and radio programme content in the United Kingdom.
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"Television in a Rapidly Changing World: Content, Platforms and Channels1." In A Future for Public Service Television, edited by Des Freedman and Vana Goblot. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9781906897710.003.0026.
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This chapter argues that despite the proliferation of channels made possible by the new technologies of cable, satellite, and digital compression, the overall impact on established broadcasters has not been as disastrous as sometimes predicted. They have retained their prominence due to regulation that keeps them at the top of electronic programme guides. Although ITV no longer dominates the landscape in the same way, it remains the UK's most watched commercial channel and retains the commercial clout that comes with that. The old broadcasters have also adapted to the new world by developing new ‘families’ of channels. Taking those channels into account, the combined audience share of BBC, ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5 still represents 72 per cent of the total.
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"7. SEG XXVIII 421 Arcadia. Megalopolis. Sanctuary Regulations. Ca. 200 B.C." In Greek Sacred Law (2nd Edition with a Postscript). BRILL, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004173170.i-516.35.
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"16. SEG XXXVIII 786 Rhodes. Lindus. Sacrificial Regulations. Ca. 250 B.C." In Greek Sacred Law (2nd Edition with a Postscript). BRILL, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004173170.i-516.60.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Regulations BBC"
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Savion, N., A. Gamliel, and N. Farzame. "THROMBIN INTERACTION WITH CULTURED AORTIC AND CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS: BINDING, INTERNALIZATION, DEGRADATION AND RELEASE OF PROTEASE NEXINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644734.
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Thrombin (Th) binds specifically to confluent cultures of bovine aortic (ABAE) and brain capillary (BBC) endothelial cells. Saturation of 125I-Th binding is observed after 1 h exposure to the ligand and at an extracellular concentration of 0.5 and 1.0 µg/ml for ABAE and BBC cells, respectively. Under optimal conditions both ABAE and BBC cultures bind about 2 to 5 ng/106 cells, which represents about 20% of Th binding.to bovine corneal endothelial (BCE) cells. The cell associated 125I-Th in ABAE and BBC cells is internalized and degraded as described in BCE cells. The nature of the cell associated radioactivity is analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide -gel electrophoresis and in ABAE and BBC cells about 30% of the I-Th appears in a complex with protease nexin I (PN I) while in BCE cells about 70% of the binding is mediated by PN I. ABAE cells possess 3 types of complexes, one which appears only on the cell surface with a molecular weight of 78 kDa, and two other complexes which appear only in the conditioned medium (CM) with molecular weights of 84 and 85 kDa. BBC and BCE cells demonstrate only one type of complex with a molecular weight of 77 kDa which appears both on the cell surface and in the CM. Preincubation of BCE cultures in the presence of Th is known to up-regulate the amount of PN I on the cell surface and in the CM, but this Th induced up-regulation effect is not observed in ABAE or BBC cells.The results described above indicate a difference between ABAE and BBC cells although both cell types growunder similar conditins and demonstrate similar morphological appearance. However, in both vascular endothelial cell types the total amount of PN I and its metabolism is relatively small compared to corneal endothelial cells. It, therefore, may indicate the lower capacity of vascular endothelial cells to control serine proteases activity at or near their cell surfaces as compared to corneal endothelial cells. This research was supported by a grant from the NationalCouncil for Research and Development, Israel and G.S.F. Munchen, Germany
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Mushtaq, M. Sajid, Brice Augustin, and Abdelhamid Mellouk. "Regulating QoE for adaptive video streaming using BBF method." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing for Communications (ICC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2015.7249418.
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Alanazi, Badar Mohammad Almeajel. "EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS ON SAUDI ARABIA AND AUSTRALIA REGULATIONS." In 11th Business & Management Conference, Dubai. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/bmc.2020.011.002.
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Pokonieczny, Krzysztof, Beata Calka, Elzbieta Bielecka, and Pawel Kaminski. "Modeling Spatial Relationships between Geodetic Control Points and Land Use with Regards to Polish Regulation." In 2016 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bgc.geomatics.2016.39.
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Grah, Vitor Matias, Guilherme Sampaio Silva, Karla Viana Rezende, et al. "The relationship between apolipoprotein e4 and bloodbrain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.091.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Alzheimer disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative dysfunction with a cognitive deficit and amyloid-β(Aβ) accumulation. That said, the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has 4 variants, with E4 being linked to decreased cerebral blood flow and fragile blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this way, the BBB has an important role in removing substances that are toxic to the brain such as βA protein. Objective: Demonstrate the relationship of ApoE4 and BBB dysfunction in the pathophysiology of AD. Methods: Bibliographic review using the CAPES journals portal, in the last 5 years. Results: After analyzing the studies, it is inferred that in cases of homozygosity for ApoE4 in relation to ApoE3 there is a 15 fold increased chance of developing AD and 3 fold heterozygosity. It is concluded that the mechanism that probably explain is related to the secretion of ApoE by the pericytes that lining brain vessels in the BBB, whilst the subtype E4 exacerbates cyclophilinA, which promotes the activation of metalloproteinase-9, causing junctions rupture between adjacent endothelial cells, promoting the loss of βA homeostasis. Conclusion: It can be inferred, that ApoE has great importance in the regulation of the integrity of BBB’s integrity, is undeniable that such protein has a significant contribution in the pathophysiology of AD, hereupon, it’s urgent that these studies need to be continued to develop new therapies in individuals who express ApoE4.
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LI, Na, Yan LI, and Tian-yu LIU. "Antitumor Effect and Immune Regulation of the Pingyan Capsule on Lewis Lung Cancer Cells in Vivo." In 2nd International Conference on Biomedical and Biological Engineering 2017 (BBE 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bbe-17.2017.33.
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Gang Liu and Lina Yang. "Artificial immune controller for PMSM speed regulation system." In 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bicta.2010.5645190.
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Firdaus, I. A. "What Hit and Miss in Indonesia CBM Project : Empirical Study Slowing Down Factors CBM Development and Propose Suitable Action for CBM Development in Indonesia by Using Analytical Hierarch Process." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-bc-32.
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In 2008, the first Coal Bed Methane (CBM) PSC was signed in Indonesia. To date, 54 CBM PSCs have been awarded to explore and develop CBM Block in Indonesia. Twelve years later, only one PSC has submitted a Plan of Development but has not yet produced gas commercially. Most CBM PSCs have been struggling during the 10 years’ exploration period and some may receive extensions for 3 years under specific conditions. The lack of integrated authorities’ approval in the overlay of coal mining and natural gas production areas has become a great obstacle for CBM Development. Besides that, the government regulations in CBM activities have defects in PSC contract terms that may lead marginal economic value for contractors, especially due to high investment during the early development (C. Irawan, 2017). On the other hand, drilling regulations, Pipe Classing standards and Testing Standards following the Oil and Gas standards are too expensive for CBM Investment. According to our observations, CBM Regulations in Indonesia should be modified starting from the Exploration period, Production Sharing Contract Terms and Standard Operating Procedures to suit Indonesian CBM characteristics. Good coordination within government departments is a must for the success of CBM Exploration and Development.
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Hirabayashi, Miki, Hirotada Ohashi, and Tai Kubo. "Effect of bio-inspired multi-stage regulations for diagnostic molecular automata." In 2008 3rd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bicta.2008.4656704.
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Wu, Haizhu, Shaowei Qin, Cailin Li, Weiwei Yan, Jianping Zhang, and Lifeng Zhao. "Protein identification and expression regulation mechanism of heterotypic leaves formation in Populus euphratica Oliv." In BIC 2021: 2021 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Intelligent Computing. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448748.3448763.
Full textReports on the topic "Regulations BBC"
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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, Ann Blechl, and Phillip San Miguel. Validation of a candidate gene for increased grain protein content in wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695857.bard.
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High Grain Protein Content (GPC) of wheat is important for improved nutritional value and industrial quality. However, selection for this trait is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected on the short arm of chromosome 6B in a Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides accession from Israel (DIC, hereafter). During the previous BARD project we constructed a half-million clones Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library of tetraploid wheat including the high GPC allele from DIC and mapped the GPC-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM interval. Our long-term goal is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling grain protein content in wheat. The specific objectives of the current project were to: (1) complete the positional cloning of the GPC-B1 candidate gene; (2) characterize the allelic variation and (3) expression profile of the candidate gene; and (4) validate this gene by using a transgenic RNAi approach to reduce the GPC transcript levels. To achieve these goals we constructed a 245-kb physical map of the GPC-B1 region. Tetraploid and hexaploid wheat lines carrying this 245-kb DIC segment showed delayed senescence and increased GPC and grain micronutrients. The complete sequencing of this region revealed five genes. A high-resolution genetic map, based on approximately 9,000 gametes and new molecular markers enabled us to delimit the GPC-B1 locus to a 7.4-kb region. Complete linkage of the 7.4-kb region with earlier senescence and increase in GPC, Zn, and Fe concentrations in the grain suggested that GPC-B1 is a single gene with multiple pleiotropic effects. The annotation of this 7.4-kb region identified a single gene, encoding a NAC transcription factor, designated as NAM-B1. Allelic variation studies demonstrated that the ancestral wild wheat allele encodes a functional NAC transcription factor whereas modern wheat varieties carry a non-functional NAM-B1 allele. Quantitative PCR showed that transcript levels for the multiple NAMhomologues were low in flag leaves prior to anthesis, after which their levels increased significantly towards grain maturity. Reduction in RNA levels of the multiple NAMhomologues by RNA interference delayed senescence by over three weeks and reduced wheat grain protein, Zn, and Fe content by over 30%. In the transgenic RNAi plants, residual N, Zn and Fe in the dry leaves was significantly higher than in the control plants, confirming a more efficient nutrient remobilization in the presence of higher levels of GPC. The multiple pleiotropic effects of NAM genes suggest a central role for these genes as transcriptional regulators of multiple processes during leaf senescence, including nutrient remobilization to the developing grain. The cloning of GPC-B1 provides a direct link between the regulation of senescence and nutrient remobilization and an entry point to characterize the genes regulating these two processes. This may contribute to their more efficient manipulation in crops and translate into food with enhanced nutritional value. The characterization of the GPC-B1 gene will have a significant impact on wheat production in many regions of the world and will open the door for the identification of additional genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.
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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Harman, Gary E., and Ilan Chet. Enhancement of plant disease resistance and productivity through use of root symbiotic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695588.bard.
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The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
Full textAbstract:
Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor