Academic literature on the topic 'Regulator's dilemma'
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Journal articles on the topic "Regulator's dilemma"
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Beale, N., D. G. Rand, H. Battey, K. Croxson, R. M. May, and M. A. Nowak. "Individual versus systemic risk and the Regulator's Dilemma." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 31 (2011): 12647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105882108.
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Kapstein, Ethan B. "Resolving the regulator's dilemma: international coordination of banking regulations." International Organization 43, no. 2 (1989): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300032938.
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Since the early 1970s, bankers have developed a host of new financial instruments and practices. These innovations have altered the nature of banking, and this in turn has complicated the task of banking regulation. National regulations have become largely ineffective in monitoring the safety and soundness of global banks. The resulting market changes and the growth of knowledge about the risks facing the international financial system have prompted governments to hold multilateral discussions regarding banking regulation. However, the task of international regulation has been compromised by the desire of states to attract foreign and domestic investment to the financial sector. Since states wish to create or maintain competitive banking institutions, they have often deregulated in order to provide banks with a cost advantage in the international marketplace. This “competitive deregulation” undermines collaborative efforts.Under the leadership of the United States and Great Britain, a multilateral agreement on bank capital standards was reached in December 1987. This agreement suggests that the interplay of market factors, consensual knowledge, and leadership by powerful states can lead to international policy coordination. The article describes the multilateral negotiations that led to this banking accord.
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Eichengreen, Barry. "The Regulator's Dilemma: Hedge Funds in the International Financial Architecture." International Finance 2, no. 3 (1999): 411–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2362.00036.
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Harrison, Kathryn. "The Regulator's Dilemma: Regulation of Pulp Mill Effluents in the Canadian Federal State." Canadian Journal of Political Science 29, no. 3 (1996): 469–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900008209.
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AbstractThe disclosure in 1987 that dioxins were present in pulp mill effluents prompted governments throughout the world to revise their environmental standards for the pulp and paper industry. This article uses the pulp and paper case to examine the dynamics of environmental standard setting within the Canadian federal state. Provincial regulatory incentives are analyzed using two-player games as a heuristic. The article then considers the federal government's role in establishing national standards. Many authors have emphasized the importance of federal involvement to overcome provincial reluctance to regulate unilaterally, lest jobs be lost to jurisdictions with weaker environmental standards. However, few have considered whether the federal government has incentives to do just that. It is argued that those incentives are weak at best, in light of resistance from both the regulated industry and jurisdictionally defensive provinces. In environmental regulation of the Canadian pulp and paper industry, federal reluctance resulted in a two-tier system of environmental standards with strict standards for the largest provinces, and weaker ones for smaller provinces that rely more on the federal government.
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Satterfield, Terre, and Mere Roberts. "Incommensurate risks and the regulator's dilemma: considering culture in the governance of genetically modified organisms." New Genetics and Society 27, no. 3 (2008): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636770802326877.
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Tamura, K. "A Regulator's Dilemma and Two-level Games: Japan in the Politics of International Banking Regulation." Social Science Japan Journal 6, no. 2 (2003): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/6.2.221.
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Njotini, Mzukisi. "Exposing the ICT Regulatory Dilemma: The Test for Governments." Obiter 41, no. 2 (2020): 328–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i2.9155.
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Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) generate both benefits and challenges for society. For example, ICTs augment social development and encourage equality and inclusivity. In addition, these technologies create a new space – that is, cyberspace. This space is separate from physical or offline space. The emergence of this space has resulted in regulators having difficulty establishing suitable regulations. The latter are regulations that understand the workings and dynamics of ICTs. Mostly, regulators adopt regulatory frameworks that are suitable for controlling physical or offline environments. These regulations accept, inter alia, that the source of regulating is the law or legal rules. In the main, regulators continuously re-invent the ICT regulatory wheel in the hope that, by chance, suitable ICT regulations will emerge or be found. Consequently, ICT regulations often exacerbate the existing ICT regulatory dilemma. This article examines an alternative approach to regulations that is external to the law or legal rules. The structure accepts that a proper ICT regulatory framework is one that understands the workings and dynamics of these technologies. Given this understanding, ICT regulations should be bound to the technology and be able to develop or evolve with it.
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Huibers, Fred. "Regulatory Response to the Rise of Fintech Credit in The Netherlands." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 8 (2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14080368.
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The rise of financial technology (fintech) driven business models in banking poses a challenge for financial regulators. While the positive effects on the banking sector in terms of greater diversity and competition are generally recognized and encouraged by regulators, the nature of fintech business models may increase the risk of financial instability. Regulators are exploring ways to resolve this dilemma. The paper in hand makes a contribution to the literature by providing a framework for resolving the dilemma that is evaluated in the context of the regulatory response to the rise of fintech credit in the Netherlands. The semi-structured interviews which we conducted with four senior Dutch regulators resulted in three areas that–from their perspective–required urgent action: fintech credit companies need to lower the risk of overlending, increase pricing transparency, and improve lending standards. These findings were confirmed by the results of they survey among fintech credit clients. The current regulatory response to the rise of fintech in banking in the Netherlands provides an interesting case study that delineates the features of the future regulation of fintech in banking.
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Jaspers, Nico. "Nanomaterial Safety: The Regulators' Dilemma." European Journal of Risk Regulation 1, no. 3 (2010): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00000465.
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This section is meant to give readers an insight into the emerging field of nanotechnologies and risk regulation. It informs and updates readers on the latest European and international developments in nanotechnologies and risk regulation across different sectors (e.g., chemicals, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals) and policy areas (e.g., environmental protection, occupational health and consumer product, food and drug safety). The section analyzes how existing regulatory systems deal with new kinds of risks and reviews recent regulatory developments with a focus on how best to combine scientific freedom and technological progress with a responsible development and commercialization of nanotechnologies.
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Barnes, D. "Neurotoxicity creates regulatory dilemma." Science 243, no. 4887 (1989): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2911718.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Regulator's dilemma"
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Akumperigya, Rainer. "Licensing or safety : the regulatory dilemma of the Ghana Petroleum Commission." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231432.
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The proposition of the thesis is, in its role as the lead offshore petroleum regulator in Ghana, the Petroleum Commission is not competent enough to oversee robust offshore health and safety regulation. Two accounts are developed to support this claim. First, the conferment of dual licensing and health and safety regulatory functions on the Petroleum Commission gives rise to a potential conflict. Secondly, even recognising a distinction between formal and de facto independence, neither is present in the Petroleum Commission. A number of factors justify these assertions: not least the fact that the law establishing the Petroleum Commission confers discretionary powers on the executive and does not provide regulatory independence as a formal requirement. In addition, the Commission's financial and administrative procedures are determinable by influences external to it. Formal independence is not, however, in itself a sufficient condition for the proper exercise of regulatory discretion. It is necessary for the regulatory body in question to be able in fact to behave independently, that is, to develop and take ownership of regulatory values, which in turn depend on the possession of relevant competence and expertise. Based on comparative analysis of global offshore regulatory regimes, and backed by empirical evidence, the thesis recommends legislative reforms in Ghana aimed at a functional separation of petroleum licensing from health and safety regulation.
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Gálvez, Posada Katherine, and Serrano Melissa Marengo. "Entrevista al Dr. Alfredo Bullard González. "No se Puede Poner al Gato de Despensero": Falsos Dilemas entorno al Arbitraje Regulatorio." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/604688.
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En la presente entrevista, el Dr. Bullard señala su posición respecto a la posibilidad de que la decisión de un organismo regulador pueda ser objeto de un arbitraje. En ese sentido, deja en claro que, contrariamente a lo afirmado por algunos organismos reguladores, ello es perfectamente posible conforme a lo establecido por nuestro ordenamiento, en el artículo 2° de la Ley de Arbitraje. Asimismo hace hincapié en que ello no podría ser de otra manera, toda vez que existe un deber estatal de proteger, promover e incentivar las inversiones.
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Montoya, S. Ana María. "Mercado de la televisión organizacional industrial y dilemas regulatorios." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111540.
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Tesis para optar al grado de
Magíster en Políticas Públicas<br>No disponible a texto completo<br>La Televisión (TV) es un medio de comunicación que posee como objetivo entretener, informar y educar a los televidentes. En Chile en cada hogar existen dos televisores en promedio, los individuos observan 2,5 horas diarias de TV2 y un 43,3% de los hogares está suscrito a TV pagada, satelital o por Cable3. En USA el 99,9% de las familias posee TV de las cuales un 68% posee el servicio de televisión por Cable y un 14,7% vía satélite4.
A pesar de su masificación e importancia para la sociedad, esta industria ha sido solo recientemente analizada bajo la óptima económica con el fin de determinar los equilibrios de mercado existentes y la existencia o no de razones que justifiquen la regulación por parte del Estado. Este estudio posee como objetivo analizar la organización industrial de la TV, las regulaciones existentes y cómo interactúan aquellas regulaciones extra económicas con las económicas con el fin de aportar al debate regulatorio actual.
En la primera sección se presenta una descripción de la industria, en la segunda se analizan los equilibrios existentes en el mercado, en la tercera sección se realiza un análisis de los fundamentos y justificaciones de las regulaciones existentes, en la cuarta sección se describen las regulaciones de USA, Europa y Chile, en la quinta sección se presenta un análisis de regulaciones particulares, en la sexta se analiza la transición analógico digital. Finalmente en la séptima sección se presentan las conclusiones
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Hughes, Christopher M. "The regulatory dilemma : an interdisciplinary perspective into how regulation can be used to impact innovation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/419975/.
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Innovation is an emergent property of a complex socioeconomic system. It is an evolutionary process that through the interactions of entities within their environment it gives rise to something new. This process of innovation continually disrupts the modus operandi, thus allowing the system to evolve over time. However, failure to anticipate the future states of the system poses significant systemic risk – as witnessed by the Financial Crisis of 2008. Therefore, policy-makers need sufficient and reliable knowledge as to how to steer the system towards better outcomes for society. Problematically, understanding this relationship can often be beyond the scope of a single discipline or area of research practice. Therefore, this thesis is organised around the idea as to how regulation can be used to impact innovation through an interdisciplinary perspective. Hence, the first paper systematically analyses the research area by conglomerating the fragmented literature that reside around this domain. This is in order to identify gaps, themes, relationships and deficiencies within the research stream. The second paper then looks towards agent-based modelling – a method for measuring complex systems – as a suitable way to answer the issues raised by the first manuscript. This was achieved by breaking up the agent-based literature to analyse its effectiveness for understanding this relationship. From this the author systematically compared and contrasted the various design specifications of the agent-based models, thus providing a relevant framework to analyse how different policies can shape the market mechanism through various policy objectives. These findings are subsequently converged to frame the final paper, which the author calls the Regulatory Dilemma. This aims to measure the aggressiveness of a variety of policy-instruments to see what effect they have on the system via agent-based simulation. Hence, the research contributes to existing literature on how regulation shapes the innovation process; however, specifically facilitating the gap that analyses the stringency of two policy instruments that target towards both the inventor (i.e. through rewarding invention) and the imitator (i.e. penalising imitation). Consequently, this presents an interesting insight into how regulation can impact the dynamics of the system. It also seems to prove a useful tool to transcend borders set by standard analytical models and open up promising avenues for future policy design. More research plans to extend this model with greater adaption and realism for the pre-assessment as to the effectiveness of the proposed policies.
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Shields, Christopher Andrew. "The Dilemma of Proxy-Agency in Exercise: a Social-Cognitive Examination of the Balance between Reliance and Self-Regulatory Ability." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/715.
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Social Cognitive Theory (SCT: Bandura, 1997) has been used successfully in understanding exercise adherence. To date, the majority of the exercise research has focused on situations of personal agency (i. e. , self as agent: e. g. , McAuley & Blissmer, 2000). However, there are a number of exercise situations in which people look to others to help them manage their exercise participation by enlisting a <i>proxy-agent</i> (Bandura, 1997). While using assistance from a proxy can promote the development of self-regulatory skills, Bandura (1997) cautions that reliance on a proxy actually reduces mastery experiences which can result in an inability to self-regulate one?s behaviour. Although research examined proxy-agency in exercise (e. g. , Bray et al. , 2001), the issue of reliance on the proxy at the expense of the participant?s ability to adjust to exercise without that agent has not been investigated. This potential dilemma of proxy-agency in exercise was at the core of this dissertation and was investigated in a series of three studies. Study 1 investigated whether those who differed in preferred level of proxy-contact also differed in their social-cognitions both within and outside a proxy-led exercise context. In addition, the relationships between proxy-efficacy, reliance and self-efficacy were examined. Results indicated that participants who preferred regular contact with an exercise proxy had lower self-regulatory efficacy, lower task efficacy, and weaker intentions in a proxy-led exercise context. Further, high-contact participants were shown to be less efficacious in dealing with the behavioural challenge of sudden class elimination. It was also demonstrated that higher reliance on the instructor was associated with lower self-efficacy and higher proxy-efficacy. Study 2 served to extend the findings of Study 1 through the examination of behavioural differences characteristic of differential levels of preferred proxy contact and the reasons for use of proxy-agency. It was found that exercise class participants preferring high contact with a proxy found exercising independently more difficult than did their low contact counterparts. It was also found that when faced with class elimination, those preferring high contact chose a self-managed activity alternative less frequently than did those preferring low contact. High contact participants also reported feeling less confident, less satisfied and perceived their alternative activity as more difficult than did those preferring low contact. In examining the reasons for preferring high proxy-contact, results indicated that a preference for high contact was associated with having had less experience exercising independently and allotting more responsibility for in-class participation to the class instructor as compared to preferring low proxy-contact. Study 3 used Lent and Lopez?s (2002) tripartite model of efficacy beliefs to examine the associations between relational efficacies (i. e. , other-efficacy and relation inferred self-efficacy (RISE) beliefs, proxy-efficacy) and various social cognitions relevant to proxy-agency. Results revealed that relational efficacies were distinct yet related constructs which additively predicted self-regulatory efficacy, satisfaction, intended intensity and reliance. Relational efficacies were also shown to make unique contributions to the predictions of the relevant social-cognitions. It was also demonstrated that RISE beliefs were associated with the attributions participants made. Specifically, higher RISE beliefs was associated with making more internal, personally controllable and stable attributions. These results represent the initial examination of relational efficacy beliefs in the exercise literature and provide additional evidence of the proxy-agency dilemma in exercise. Taken together, the present series of studies both support theorizing by Bandura on the dilemma of proxy-agency and represent an extension of the existing literature of proxy-agency in exercise. Results suggest that seemingly healthy, regularly exercising adults who choose to employ proxy-agency may be at risk for nonadherence in situations of behavioural challenge. The current findings have important implications for exercise leaders and interventionists as they must be aware of the balance between helping and hindering.
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Hong, Sung Soo. "Regulatory dilemmas in human rights protection : an analysis of a national human rights institution as a solution." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519789.
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The purpose of this thesis is to address a regulatory dilemma in human rights and to put forward a solution to this dilemma by examining a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI). First, the regulatory dilemma is addressed from the viewpoint of the systems theory of Luhmann and the discourse theory of Habermas. In particular, the welfare state adopted juridification in order to pursue social justice but this state regulation leads to an unintended result, that is, a functional disorder (systems theory) and the colonization of the life world (discourse theory). However, we cannot go back to the liberal paradigm which is simply oriented towards protecting the autonomy of individuals but is therefore indifferent to the consequential social problems of inequalities and injustice. This creates a dilemma between the liberal paradigm and the social-welfare paradigm. The second aim is to examine how the regulatory dilemma can be resolved through a new paradigm of regulation which is influenced by systems theory, discourse theory and regulatory scholarship. Third, we will examine the question whether an NHRI, as an alternative institution with a different status and regulatory mechanism from other national institutions, could play a role in avoiding the regulatory dilemma in human rights. The last section is dedicated to discussing sexual harassment as an example to investigate whether an NHRI could be an alternative institution which could overcome the regulatory failure of other institutions and provide a useful solution to tackling sexual harassment. All in all, it is anticipated that this thesis will illustrate the actual application of systems theory, discourse theory and regulatory scholarship to the regulation of human rights, and that it will shed a theoretical light on the idea of an NHRI, which has not yet been actively researched from the theoretical viewpoint.
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Iwai, Tatiana. "Mecanismos formais e informais de regulação na decisão de cooperação: um estudo sobre seus efeitos em dilemas sociais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2260.
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Previous issue date: 2005-12-02T00:00:00Z<br>Across the years, study fields such as Political Sciences, Organizations and Economy have dedicated to the subject of the role of regulatory mechanisms on the decision behavior of agents. From different perspectives and approaches, each one of those fields have studied the impact of regulatory instruments on the decision of the players for a given action orientation. From the most frequently quoted instruments on the literature to regulate the action of the agents, we can point out formal and informal regulatory mechanisms. An intense debate over the studies dedicated to the subject has taken place, discussing the efficiency of each of those mechanisms on the player s decision. Given the relevance of such debate, the present study aims to compare the effectiveness of formal and informal regulatory mechanisms on one’s decision of cooperating to social dilemmas. Such dilemmas are situations on which a person, searching for one’s own interests, takes the group to worse results than those that would have been reached if there were cooperation among the group. To reach the goal of this study, we performed an experiment with undergraduate students from EAESP-FGV to test in an experimental environment the behavior of the agents under the pressure of two regulatory mechanisms. The results of this experiment showed that the informal regulatory mechanisms have a greater influence on the player s decision to cooperate and the presence of such mechanisms reduces the necessity of using a formal regulatory mechanism to ensure the cooperation from members of a group.<br>Ao longo dos anos, campos de estudos como os de ciência política, organizações e economia vêm se debruçando sobre a questão do papel de mecanismos regulativos no comportamento decisório do indivíduo. A partir de óticas e abordagens diferentes, cada um desses campos vem estudando o impacto de instrumentos de regulação na conformação dos atores para determinada orientação de ação. Dos instrumentos mais citados na literatura para regular a ação do ator, podemos apontar os mecanismos formais e informais de regulação. Um intenso debate entre os trabalhos dedicados ao assunto vem sendo travado, discutindo a eficiência de cada um deles na conformação do ator. Dada a relevância desse debate, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a efetividade de mecanismos formais e informais de regulação na decisão de cooperação do indivíduo em dilemas sociais, que são situações onde cada indivíduo ao buscar seu interesse próprio, leva a coletividade a resultados piores do que aqueles que seriam atingidos, caso houvesse cooperação do grupo. Para alcançarmos o objetivo do trabalho, realizou-se um experimento com alunos da graduação da EAESP-FGV para testar em ambiente laboratorial o comportamento dos agentes sob a pressão dos dois mecanismos de regulação. Os resultados do experimento mostraram que mecanismos informais de regulação têm maior influência na decisão de cooperação do ator, assim como sua presença diminui a necessidade do uso de um mecanismo formal de regulação para assegurar a cooperação dos membros de um grupo.
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FACANHA, LUISA CAFE FIGUEIREDO. "THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILD SOLDIERS: REPRESENTATIONS AND DILEMMAS WITHIN THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF POST-COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL ORDER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19380@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A presente dissertação pretende investigar o processo de construção social
das crianças-soldado com o objetivo de analisar criticamente a formação de um
discurso dominante que autoriza representações e narrativas centradas, sobretudo,
na necessidade de proteção dos meninos e meninas envolvidos nos conflitos
armados contemporâneos. A emergência do discurso será compreendida como
constitutiva da estrutura normativa da ordem internacional do Pós-Guerra Fria,
visando revelar as tensões produzidas e reproduzidas pelas narrativas e
consequentes representações sobre tais crianças.<br>The present dissertation intends to address the process of social construction
of child soldiers. This will be a first exploratory step to critically analyze the
structuring of a dominant discourse concerning the protection of boys and girls
involved in contemporaneous armed conflicts. This discourse will be understood
as constitutive of the normative framework of Post-Cold War international order.
The dissertation will try to show that this discourse is not exempt from tensions
that manifest themselves and are reproduced by the narratives and consequent
representations of those children.
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Gálvez, Posada Katherine, and Serrano Melissa Marengo. "Entrevista al Dr. Alfredo Bullard González. "No se Puede Poner al Gato de Despensero": Falsos Dilemas entorno al Arbitraje Regulatorio." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118671.
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En la presente entrevista, el Dr. Bullard señala su posición respecto a la posibilidad de que la decisión de un organismo regulador pueda ser objeto de un arbitraje. En ese sentido, deja en claro que, contrariamente a lo afirmado por algunos organismos reguladores, ello es perfectamente posible conforme a lo establecido por nuestro ordenamiento, en el artículo 2° de la Ley de Arbitraje. Asimismo hace hincapié en que ello no podría ser de otra manera, toda vez que existe un deber estatal de proteger, promover e incentivar las inversiones.
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Perlman, Leon Joseph. "Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial services." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13362.
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The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| vi<br>Public, Constitutional and International Law<br>LLD
Books on the topic "Regulator's dilemma"
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Mendeloff, John M. The dilemma of toxic substance regulation: How overregulation causes underregulation at OSHA. MIT Press, 1988.
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Rose, David C. The Free Market Democracy Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199330720.003.0006.
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In this chapter the tension between having a free market system and a democratic government is explored. Human flourishing requires ample general prosperity that comes from a free market system and it requires freedom that depends upon democratic institutions. But this produces a dilemma. The democratic system facilitates redistributive and regulatory favoritism that undermines trust in the system generally. This, in turn, weakens many trust-dependent institutions upon which the free market system and democracy depend. This is a dilemma because democracy is needed for freedom, but it can set in motion changes that ultimately reduce freedom. This tension has implications for social, political, and economic development because it suggests that societies can use trust in the system to substitute for low levels of generalized trust.
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Fleurke, Floor M. Catastrophic Climate Change, Precaution, and the Risk/Risk Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795896.003.0011.
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Whilst the seriousness of a given problem may call for immediate and targeted intervention, the ensuing uncertain impacts on other elements of inter-connected systems may be equally deleterious. Climate change is a prime example of such a risk/risk dilemma. The risk of inaction must be weighed against the risk of resorting to increasingly tempting responses to mitigate or adapt to the effects of climate change. The precautionary principle might offer some guidance in this risk/risk arena. Precaution is a tool to deal with uncertain risks without dictating outcomes. Although it is commonly associated with a negative regulatory tilt, it can also serve to warrant and mandate the use of, for example, a new technology or substance in order to reduce risks. This chapter explores the dilemma of risk/risk trade-offs in the face of potentially catastrophic climate change, and examines the contours of a precautionary regulatory response to such impasses.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Alternatives for Controlling the Release of Solid Materials from Nuclear Regulatory Commission-licensed Facilities., ed. The disposition dilemma: Controlling the release of solid materials from Nuclear Regulatory Commission-licensed facilities. National Academy Press, 2002.
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(US), National Research Council. The Disposition Dilemma: Controlling the Release of Solid Materials from Nuclear Regulatory Commiccion-Licensed Facilities (Compass series). National Academies Press, 2002.
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Pieth, Mark. Collective Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458331.003.0020.
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This chapter discusses the advantages of collective action. Collective action allows dealing with the wider context of corruption risks by assembling competitors and other stakeholders to come to agreement on ways to reduce corruption and the risks. Collective action has the additional advantage that it enables an entire business sector to manage expectations: in its talks with regulators and the wider public, it can indicate what it considers reasonable. The chapter poses the question: Why collective action? It defines collective action, and discusses its traditional use to illustrate aspects of the so-called “prisoner’s dilemma.” The chapter ends by posing the question: Is collective action really necessary?
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Future Medicine: Ethical Dilemmas, Regulatory Challenges, and Therapeutic Pathways to Health Care and Healing in Human Transformation. University of Michigan Press, 2002.
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Future Medicine: Ethical Dilemmas, Regulatory Challenges, and Therapeutic Pathways to Health Care and Healing in Human Transformation. University of Michigan Press, 2002.
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Macauley, Robert C. Final Thoughts (DRAFT). Edited by Robert C. Macauley. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199313945.003.0019.
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It is not enough to know how to respond to ethical dilemmas in palliative care. Sufficient resources are required to implement the nuanced approach to ethical dilemmas presented in this textbook. In the developed world, there exists a profound shortage of palliative care clinicians, as well as regulatory barriers which may impede the provision of optimal palliative care. The situation is far more serious in the developing world, where access to symptomatic medications may be severely restricted due to lack of economic resources or bureaucratic barriers. Even when a qualified team is available and necessary tools are at hand, the emotional challenges inherent in caring for seriously ill patients may negatively impact team dynamics. This is particularly true in situations where members of the team believe they know what the “right” thing to do is, but external forces prevent them from doing it, thus causing moral distress.
Book chapters on the topic "Regulator's dilemma"
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Bello, Abdullahi Usman. "Compliance and Regulatory Dilemma." In Improving Anti-Money Laundering Compliance. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43264-9_4.
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Manns, Jeffrey. "The Sovereign Rating Regulatory Dilemma." In Emerging Markets and Sovereign Risk. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137450661_7.
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Xu, Cong. "Digital Rights Management Dilemma: Theoretical Context." In Regulatory Model for Digital Rights Management. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1995-6_3.
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Al-Essa, Reem K., Mohammed Al-Rubaie, Stuart Walker, and Sam Salek. "The Regulatory Dilemma in the Gulf Region: The Way Forward." In Pharmaceutical Regulatory Environment. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17590-4_12.
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Eichengreen, Barry. "The Regulator’s Dilemma: Hedge Funds in the International Financial Architecture." In New Development Strategies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523609_10.
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Lumley, C. E., and S. R. Walker. "The Questionable Value of Long-Term Animal Toxicity Studies: A Regulatory Dilemma." In Archives of Toxicology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71248-7_33.
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Bryant, Peter T. "Self-Regulation." In Augmented Humanity. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76445-6_6.
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AbstractTo monitor and manage the dilemmas of digitalization, augmented agents must self-regulate in a collaborative fashion. Artificial agents are advancing rapidly in these respects and some are fully self-generative. They are increasingly capable of complex, fast, sensitive self-regulation. In consequence, augmented agents will have the potential for effective self-regulation and self-supervision. However, human self-regulation is often simplified and sluggish and lacks sensitivity. People rely on habit, routine, and docility, and often with good reasons. Yet, as noted, artificial agents are increasingly hyperactive and hypersensitive, compared to humans. When both agents combine, therefore, artificial self-regulatory functioning could be complex, fast, and precise, while human functioning is relatively simple, sluggish, and heuristic. The result could be self-regulatory divergence or convergence and possibly dysfunction. Further implications then follow for self-efficacy, task engagement, and motivational strength.
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LoBue, Robert M. "Start-Up Investor Governance Case." In Management for Professionals. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48606-8_3.
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AbstractIn the current age of innovative business financing opportunities available from fintech apps, social media crowdfunding sites such as Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and RocketHub, et.al., and friends and family private equity investors, start-up firms can strategically source their venture capital funds from many globally disperse organizations and individuals. As the firm in this case learned, the benefit of alternative investing sources comes with a critical hidden risk for corporate governance. After a financial restructuring, a typical Silicon Valley software start-up found itself with close to 300 external individual shareholders, some of whom had not been documented as accredited investors. The regulatory agency could decide that the prior actions of the founders and the decisions of the board had been prejudicial to the interests of the minority investors. The management of this small private company faced an atypical investor relations dilemma, before its initial public offering (IPO).
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Minda, Gary. "The Dilemmas of Property and Sovereignty in the Postmodern Era: New Solutions for the Regulatory Takings Problem." In Taking Property and Just Compensation. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2958-9_5.
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King, Brett, and Jo Ann Barefoot. "The Regulator's Dilemma." In Bank 4.0. Wiley, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119506515.ch2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Regulator's dilemma"
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Rafique, Khalid, Chunhui Yuan, and Muhammad Saeed. "Net Neutrality Paradox: Regulator's Dilemma." In 2011 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2011.6040472.
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Qinglong, Wang, and Qin Weina. "The Dependence Dilemma and Dominant Equilibrium of the Environmental Governance’s Regulatory Path." In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Economy, Management and Entrepreneurship (ICOEME 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoeme-18.2018.93.
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Baniah, Bidyut B., and Ashish Khera. "Using Complementary Techniques of ICDA and ILI for Assessing the Integrity of an Offshore/Onshore SPM Crude Pipeline." In ASME 2019 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2019-4537.
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When a single source based crude oil feeder ‘difficult-to-pig’ pipeline runs through a highly sensitive marine national park, the Operator is challenged with the dilemma of how to assure the integrity of the pipeline with the limited options that are available. After ten (10) years of service, in 2015, an Indian Operator chose to assess the time dependent threat of internal corrosion on their difficult-to-pig offshore (SPM) to onshore (Tank Farm) crude oil pipeline by utilizing the NACE SP0208-2008 Standard for Liquid-Petroleum Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA). This methodology was already recommended by ASME B31.8S as one (1) of the three (3) options for assessing integrity of a pipeline. Only a year earlier, in 2014 – the Indian regulators, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) had also brought the technique of ICDA within its regulatory framework for Operators as a credible option to assess integrity of pipelines that are difficult to pig and/or un-piggable. This paper discusses on the findings of the ICDA program that forced the Operator to accelerate their integrity program for the subject pipeline and perform specialised In-line Inspection (ILI) in 2018. The paper also compares the results obtained from the non-intrusive predictive based ICDA program Vs. the ILI measured data. This paper will be useful for Operators to understand the complementary nature of ICDA with ILI and provide guidance on how combination of these two (2) pipeline integrity tools not only identify the locations at which internal corrosion activity has already occurred but also answers the questions on why it occurred and how would it be mitigated? The Operator managed to assure the integrity of their “difficult-to-pig” pipeline by timely utilisation of the integrity validation tools of ICDA and ILI. By doing this they were able to prevent the occurrence of any catastrophe that may result in an environmental, and subsequently an economic disaster.
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Luczko, Ewelina, Helen Bailey, Bryson Robertson, Clayton Hiles, and Bradley Buckham. "Assimilating a Time-Domain Representation of a Wave Energy Converter Into a Spectral Wave Model." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54235.
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To accommodate future power demands, wave energy converters (WECs) will be deployed in arrays, but largely unanswered questions of the annual energy production and environmental impact of such installations present regulatory dilemmas. In recent years, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a modified version of the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model to simulate WEC energy extraction in a propagating wave field. The SNL source code modifications to SWAN have facilitated a way to characterize the frequency dependent power absorption of a device in a spectral model using standard WEC parameterizations. The work presented in this paper seeks to build on source code modifications previously made by SNL. A new WEC meta-model, alters the incident wave spectrum based on power extracted from the sea and dissipated by hydrodynamic losses experienced at the WEC. These losses are calculated in an external six degree of freedom (DOF) time domain WEC simulation. The two WEC models were compared in terms of significant wave height reduction in the WEC’s lee and annual power production. The new model reduced the estimated distance required for the waves to recover 95% of the incident wave height by 50% for the same sea state. A 4.5% difference in annual power production was observed for a WEC operating in the lee of another device when deployed off the west coast of Canada.
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Tóth, Tibor. "The Effects of COVID-19 on the Digital Transformation of the Hungarian Banking Sector." In New Horizons in Business and Management Studies. Conference Proceedings. Corvinus University of Budapest, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/978-963-503-867-1_06.
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When choosing the topic, I tried to focus on dealing with such a current and ongoing event, we still don’t see the result, and I just find where it develops in three, five, or ten years. Digitization affects all segments and industries to varying degrees, and its impact can be widely demonstrated. Besides, the precarious economic situation resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic further complicates the situation. I found the topic relevant because I am dealing with a phenomenon, a dilemma that directly or indirectly affects everyone and can be useful to a wider audience. During the dissertation, I try to answer the following questions: How does COVID-19 affect the process of digital transformation in the Hungarian banking sector? And how does this affect the collaboration strategies of banks and FinTech companies? In my work, I rely mainly on previous publications and articles by international, prominent researchers. Also, I conducted interviews with Hungarian experts who are currently actively working for Hungarian banks. During the selection of the interviewees, I followed the concept of asking the employees of different financial institutions working at different levels for the most comprehensive picture. In terms of methodology, in addition to processing the interviews and evaluating the literature, I tried to collect and analyze surveys and public data from various commercial banks, regulatory bodies, and major consulting firms. In this article, I have collected trends that have influenced the current state of the banking sector and present the operating environment. In addition to the positive and negative factors influencing the relationship between domestic commercial banks and FinTech companies, I outline a possible scenario for a future digitization strategy for the banking sector. This exploratory research aims to examine the situation and to identify the most important variables and correlations.
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Keller, Michael F. "Hybrid-Nuclear Power: An Unexpected Energy Solution for the 21st Century." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38325.
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America possesses hundreds of years of low-cost coal resources that are becoming increasingly unpopular due to climate-change concerns. The high cost of conventional nuclear power greatly hampers the building of new such facilities, while the promise of the nuclear gas reactor also remains out-of-reach as a result of technical and competiveness considerations. Hybrid-nuclear power is a breakthrough solution to the emerging energy and climate change dilemmas. This unique technology springs from the observation that roughly half the power produced by a combustion turbine is used to compress air. By using low-cost nuclear fuel and a highly efficient helium gas reactor system with a combustion turbine, power plant output is significantly increased, costs are appreciably lowered and emissions are dramatically reduced. The helium gas reactor marriage with the combustion turbine and coal gasification opens the door for the continued use of our most abundant and low-cost fuel resource, coal. This hybrid configuration dramatically reduces environmental impacts while also supporting the co-production of all manner of liquid transportation fuels, substitute natural gas, hydrogen, and process heat as well as industrial chemicals. Solar and energy storage applications are also readily supported by the hybrid’s inherent flexibility. Hybrid-nuclear energy relies on tried-and-proven technologies as well as the large body of knowledge developed over the 50 year history of nuclear reactors and combustion turbines. The unique characteristics of the hybrid-nuclear approach allow the technology to overcome the engineering, financial and regulatory obstacles that have long held back the full-scale commercial deployment of the high-temperature gas reactor. The emerging hybrid-nuclear technology readily supports energy independence and can simultaneously help revitalize the increasingly challenged US coal and nuclear industries.
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Bozhinovska Lazarevska, Zorica, Marina Trpeska, Atanasko Atanasovski, and Ivan Dionisijev. "AUDIT PROFESSION IN THE SHADOW OF THE COVID -19 - A PERCEPTION OF AUDITORS IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0006.
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The virtual practice has posed serious challenges and opened many dilemmas for the auditors. How to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in the absence of communication with the client, to assess the risks of material misstatement, to recognize the symptoms of fraud, to check subsequent events, to assess the ability for ‘going concern’, to exercise the required level of professional skepticism, and how to write an audit report in which the auditor will offer a reasonable assurance to users of the opinion expressed. Health experts warn that even in the postCOVID-19 period, the social distance will be an integral part of our lives. In that regard, IFAC also points out the need to prepare auditors for work in the so-called "the new normal". The paper researches how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the audit profession in the Republic of North Macedonia. For that purpose, our research is based on a survey distributed to the certified auditors, members of IORRM (Institute of Certified Auditors of the Republic of North Macedonia). From the questions asked, we have concluded whether and how much the pandemic has changed the approach of auditors in conducting audit engagements, how auditors have managed to amortize the initial shock, whether they have prepared a strategy for virtual practice in the environment of the so-called "new normal" and what are the biggest challenges they expect to face in the post-COVID world. In general, it can be concluded that all challenges posed by the pandemic will be more easily overcome by joint and smart action of certified auditors and related associations and regulatory bodies, in order to find alternative ways of acting in a radically changed environment under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to analyzing data obtained from the survey, documents related to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide are used, as well as other literature and scientific papers on how the audit profession responds to the COVID crisis.
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Okkenhaug, Siril, Torfinn Hørte, and Øivind Paulshus. "Summary and Recommendations for Safe Mooring System Design in ULS and ALS." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61534.
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DNV GL is currently running a Joint Industry Project, “NorMoor JIP”, with participants from oil companies, engineering companies, rig-owners, manufacturers and marine authorities. It is a global study covering Gulf of Mexico, Northern Europe and Brazil waters. Our motivation for initiating a study on mooring line reliability was that all the global standards (API, ISO, DNV GL, others) are mostly based on work from late 1990s, when frequency domain analysis was prevalent. The reliability level implied by these regulations is not known, and we also see that the mooring standards are interpreted and applied differently. Thus, there is a need for a mooring design code with a consistent analysis methodology and with safety factors that are in line with this methodology and calibrated at an appropriate target reliability level. This is achieved through reliability-based calibration for a range of different units, mooring systems, water depths and geographical locations. The focus in the present paper is the calibration of safety factors and selection of target reliability level. The underlying probabilistic analysis results used for the calibration are reported in two accompanying papers at OMAE 2017, [1] and [2], dealing with structural reliability analyses for the ULS and ALS respectively. For mobile units frequency domain analyses are common, and although the main attention in the JIP is towards time domain analyses, it is part of the JIP to calibrate safety factors for frequency domain analyses as well. The annual extreme value distribution of line tension for all cases is calculated in time domain and is applied both in the calibration of safety factors for time domain and frequency domain analyses. It is seen that characteristic tensions from time domain analyses are likely to be higher than those from frequency domain analyses. The dilemma of not being penalized when using more refined time domain analyses is discussed, and different safety factors have been suggested for use with time domain and frequency domain analyses. A discussion about target reliability level is included, and the target levels are proposed with basis in the existing mooring design practice for mobile units, where frequency domain analysis is prevalent. Different targets are proposed depending on consequences of failure. Calibration for different design formats are carried out. The current format using a single safety factor is challenged with a format with two safety factors. The objective is to arrive as close as possible to the target reliability for all cases analyzed. A different design philosophy is needed in the Gulf of Mexico in order to achieve acceptable risk, and options are discussed. The present work provides a unique and comprehensive set of results, where advanced reliability methods are used to calibrate a mooring design code where the mooring line tensions are calculated in the time domain. The results provide a basis for regulators, such as ISO, to update their rules. ULS and ALS are covered here, and a potential phase 3 of the JIP will cover the fatigue limit state. When the NorMoor JIP is completed the plan is to implement the results into DNVGL-OS-E301, [5].
Reports on the topic "Regulator's dilemma"
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Barkenbus, J. N., S. D. Freeman, and A. M. Weinberg. Papers on the nuclear regulatory dilemma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6191883.
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