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Journal articles on the topic 'Regulatory T cells subsets'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kupriyanov, S. V., A. I. Sinitsky, and I. I. Dolgushin. "Multiple subsets of regulatory T-cells." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 19, no. 3 (2020): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2020-3-144-155.

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2

Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mehdi Shahbazi, Sedigheh Baleghi Damavandi, Ghasem Faghanzadeh Ganji, and Soheil Ebrahimpour. "Regulatory T-cell: Regulator of Host Defense in Infection." Journal of Molecular Biology Research 7, no. 1 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmbr.v7n1p9.

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Based on diverse activities and production of several cytokines, T lymphocytes and T helper cells are divided into Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T-cell (T regs) subsets based on diverse activities and production of several cytokines. Infectious agents can escape from host by modulation of immune responses as effector T-cells and Tregs. Thus, regulatory T-cells play a critical role in suppression of immune responses to infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi and as well as preserving immune homeostasis. However, regulatory T-cell responses can advantageous for the body

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3

J. Kosten, Ilona, and Thomas Rustemeyer. "Generation, Subsets and Functions of Inducible Regulatory T Cells." Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 3 (2015): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871523013666141126100019.

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4

Sayed, D., A. Eltayeb, N. Afifi, and M. Ibrahim. "485 Regulatory T Cells Subsets in Children with Sle." Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, Suppl 2 (2012): A142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302724.0485.

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5

Locksley, Richard M. "Nine lives: plasticity among T helper cell subsets." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 8 (2009): 1643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20091442.

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The division of labor among two types of T helper (Th) subsets, first described over 20 yr ago, has been buffeted by the discovery of new subsets and new cytokines that can be coaxed out of T cells with increasing disregard for the subset of origin. Although Th17 cells and regulatory T (T reg) cells are widely accepted subsets, and others are being proposed, their plasticity is difficult to reconcile with the definitions of Th subsets as put forth in the initial description of Th1 and Th2 cells. A deeper molecular context will be required to reconcile the ever-increasing complexity of effector

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Yin, Xiangyun, Shuting Chen, and Stephanie C. Eisenbarth. "Dendritic Cell Regulation of T Helper Cells." Annual Review of Immunology 39, no. 1 (2021): 759–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-025146.

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As the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) sense the microenvironment and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response. DCs can induce both immune activation and immune tolerance according to the peripheral cues. Recent work has established that DCs comprise several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte differentiation. This review summarizes both mouse and human DC subset phenotypes, development, diversification, and function. We focus on advances in our understanding of how different DC subs

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Xia, Xin, Jun Yang, and Shengjun Wang. "Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (July 13, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943743.

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Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are the regulatory T cell subset mainly localized in the germinal center (GC), acting as modulators of GC responses. They can disrupt Tfh cell- and B cell-linked recognition, induce Tfh apoptosis, and suppress B cell function. Evidences show that dysregulated Tfr cells are associated with the disease activity index and serum autoantibody levels, influencing the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review focuses on the interaction among Tfr, Tfh, and B cells, summarizes the characterization and function of Tfr cells, concludes the imbalanc

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Hoechst, Bastian, Jaba Gamrekelashvili, Michael P. Manns, Tim F. Greten, and Firouzeh Korangy. "Plasticity of human Th17 cells and iTregs is orchestrated by different subsets of myeloid cells." Blood 117, no. 24 (2011): 6532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-11-317321.

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Abstract CD4+ T helper cell differentiation is essential for mounting robust immune responses without compromising unresponsiveness toward self-tissue. Here, we show that different subsets of myeloid cells isolated from human peripheral blood modulate TGF-β–dependent CD4+ T-cell developmental programs ex vivo. Human CD14+HLA-DR−/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, whereas CD14+HLA-DR+ monocytes promote generation of IL-17–secreting RORc+ Th17 cells when cocultured with naive CD4+ T cells. More importantly, not only do these 2 subsets modulate the de n

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9

Yadav, Mahesh, Cedric Louvet, Dan Davini, et al. "Neuropilin-1 distinguishes natural and inducible regulatory T cells among regulatory T cell subsets in vivo." Journal of Experimental Medicine 209, no. 10 (2012): 1713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20120822.

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Foxp3+ CD4+ T helper cells called regulatory T (T reg) cells play a key role in controlling reactivity to self-antigens and onset of autoimmunity. T reg cells either arise in thymus and are called natural T reg (nT reg) cells or are generated in the periphery through induction of Foxp3 and are called inducible T reg (iT reg) cells. The relative contributions of iT reg cells and nT reg cells in peripheral tolerance remain unclear as a result of an inability to separate these two subsets of T reg cells. Using a combination of novel TCR transgenic mice with a defined self-antigen specificity and

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10

Hall, Bruce M., Nirupama D. Verma, Giang T. Tran, and Suzanne J. Hodgkinson. "Distinct regulatory CD4+T cell subsets; differences between naïve and antigen specific T regulatory cells." Current Opinion in Immunology 23, no. 5 (2011): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.07.012.

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11

Solstad, Therese, Simer Jit Bains, Johannes Landskron, et al. "CD147 (Basigin/Emmprin) identifies FoxP3+CD45RO+CTLA4+-activated human regulatory T cells." Blood 118, no. 19 (2011): 5141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-02-339242.

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Abstract Human CD4+FoxP3+ T cells are functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous providing plasticity to immune activation and regulation. To better understand the functional dynamics within this subset, we first used a combined strategy of subcellular fractionation and proteomics to describe differences at the protein level between highly purified human CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25− T-cell populations. This identified a set of membrane proteins highly expressed on the cell surface of human regulatory T cells (Tregs), including CD71, CD95, CD147, and CD148. CD147 (Basigin or Emmprin) divided CD4+

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12

Vdovenko, Daria, and Urs Eriksson. "Regulatory Role of CD4+ T Cells in Myocarditis." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (June 21, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4396351.

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Myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure in young patients. Autoreactive, most often, infection-triggered CD4+ T cells were confirmed to be critical for myocarditis induction. Due to a defect in clonal deletion of heart-reactive CD4+ T cells in the thymus of mice and humans, significant numbers of heart-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells circulate in the blood. Normally, regulatory T cells maintain peripheral tolerance and prevent spontaneous myocarditis development. In the presence of tissue damage and innate immune activation, however, activated self-antigen-loaded dendritic cells

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13

Ma, Kongyang, Wenhan Du, Xiaohui Wang, et al. "Multiple Functions of B Cells in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236021.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive autoantibody production and multi-organ involvement. Although the etiology of SLE still remains unclear, recent studies have characterized several pathogenic B cell subsets and regulatory B cell subsets involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Among pathogenic B cell subsets, age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a newly identified subset of autoreactive B cells with T-bet-dependent transcriptional programs and unique functional features in SLE. Accumulation of T-bet+ CD11c+ ABCs has been observed in SLE patients an

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14

Zhang, Huiyun, Hui Kong, Xiaoning Zeng, Lianyi Guo, Xiaoyun Sun, and Shaoheng He. "Subsets of regulatory T cells and their roles in allergy." Journal of Translational Medicine 12, no. 1 (2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-12-125.

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15

Gandoglia, Ilaria, Federico Ivaldi, Alice Laroni, et al. "Teriflunomide treatment reduces B cells in patients with MS." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 4, no. 6 (2017): e403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000403.

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Objective:To study the immunomodulatory effect of teriflunomide on innate and adaptive immune cell populations through a pilot, open-label, observational study in a cohort of patients with relapsing-remitting MS.Methods:Blood lymphocytes were isolated from 10 patients with MS before and after 3 or 12 months of treatment. Adaptive and innate immune cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry as follows: B cells (memory, regulatory, and mature subsets), T cells (effector and regulatory subsets), and natural killer (NK) cells (CD56dim and CD56bright subsets).Results:Our results show that teriflu

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Peng, Dong-Jun, Rebecca Liu, and Weiping Zou. "Regulatory T Cells in Human Ovarian Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/345164.

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Multiple layers of suppressive components including regulatory T (TReg) cells, suppressive antigen-presenting cells, and inhibitory cytokines form suppressive networks in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. It has been demonstrated that as a major suppressive element, TRegcells infiltrate tumor, interact with several types of immune cells, and mediate immune suppression through different molecular and cellular mechanisms. In this paper, we focus on human ovarian cancer and will discuss the nature of TRegcells including their subsets, trafficking, expansion, and function. We will briefly revie

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17

Zhu, Xiang, Meiqin Wang, Caleb H. Crump, and Anil Mishra. "An imbalance of esophageal effector and regulatory T cell subsets in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 3 (2009): G550—G558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00148.2009.

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We recently reported a critical role for T cells in the induction of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) in mice; however, the role of specific T cell subsets in disease pathogenesis is not yet understood. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that allergen-induced EE develops in response to the disproportion of functionally different effector and regulatory T cells in the esophagus. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis was performed to examine activated T cell subsets using the cell surface activation markers CD25 and CD69. A significant increase in activated CD4+ and CD4− T cells w

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18

Nikolov, G. S., Y. D. Todorova, M. H. Nikolova, et al. "Subsets of T regulatory cells in patients with IgE-mediated allergy." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 6 (December 16, 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2019-6-65-71.

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Background. It is presently known that several subsets of T-regulatory (Treg) cells, both natural and inducible maintain tolerance to environmental allergens. But the relative importance of distinct phenotypically defined Treg subsets for the clinical manifestations of IgE-mediated allergy has not been elucidated yet.The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotype and number of different Treg subpopulations from patients with IgE-mediated allergy compared with healthy non-allergic individuals.Materials and methods. A group of 20 patients with clinically manifested IgE allergy and a group

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Liu, Weihong, Amy L. Putnam, Zhou Xu-yu, et al. "CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 7 (2006): 1701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20060772.

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Regulatory T (T reg) cells are critical regulators of immune tolerance. Most T reg cells are defined based on expression of CD4, CD25, and the transcription factor, FoxP3. However, these markers have proven problematic for uniquely defining this specialized T cell subset in humans. We found that the IL-7 receptor (CD127) is down-regulated on a subset of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. We demonstrate that the majority of these cells are FoxP3+, including those that express low levels or no CD25. A combination of CD4, CD25, and CD127 resulted in a highly purified population of T reg cells acco

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20

Xuan, Li, Xiuli Wu, Sijian Yu та ін. "Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Mobilization Affects The Expression Of Regulatory γδ T Cells". Blood 122, № 21 (2013): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.902.902.

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Abstract Background The immune modulatory effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on T cells resulted in an unexpected low incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Our previous studies demonstrated that G-CSF mobilization influenced the distribution and clonality of TRGV and TRDV repertoire (T cell receptors of γδ T cells), and signiﬁcant positive correlation was observed between the invariable clonality of TRDV1 gene repertoire after G-CSF mobilization and low incidence of GVHD in recipients (P=0.015, OR=0.047) (Li

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21

Percivalle, Elena, Fuliang Chu, Richard E. Davis, and Sattva S. Neelapu. "Effector and Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Follicular Lymphoma Tumors: Implications for Pathogenesis and Prognosis." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 2718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2718.2718.

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Abstract Abstract 2718 Gene expression profiling of follicular lymphoma (FL) tumors showed that genes attributable to infiltrating T cells were associated with improved survival (Dave et al., NEJM 2004; 351: 2109). However, the precise nature of the protective T cell subsets is unknown. Recent studies suggest that master transcription factors (TFs) such as T-bet, GATA-3, RORgt, and Bcl6 regulate the differentiation of effector T cells (Teffs) into TH1/TC1, TH2/TC2, TH17/TC17, and follicular helper T cell (TFH) subsets, respectively. These dominant TFs along with other TFs imprint specific cyto

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Streeter, Philip R., Xingqi Zhang, and Richard T. Maziarz. "Functional Separation of GVHD-Derived and Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3246.3246.

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Abstract Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is mediated by mature alloreactive donor T cells. Upon activation, alloreactive CD4+ T cells upregulate CD134 (OX40), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. Using a rat hapolidentical parent into F1 model of GVHD, we recently reported that CD25 expression stratifies these CD4+134+ T cells into two alloreactive T cell subsets (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2004 May;10(5):298-309; results summarized in the table below). Proliferative Response* Cytokine Secretion** * Cell proliferation following stimulation with the indicated agent. Measured by 3H-thym

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23

Li, Jie-Yao, Xiu-Fang Duan, Li-Ping Wang, et al. "Selective Depletion of Regulatory T Cell Subsets by Docetaxel Treatment in Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/286170.

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Regulatory T (Treg) cells are potent suppressors that maintain immune homeostasis. Accumulation of Treg can inhibit effective immune responses in cancer patients, leading to tumor development and progression. Despite direct cytotoxicity, several chemotherapeutic drugs have been reported to deplete Treg cells for better prognosis for cancer patients. Treg cells are a heterogenous population with at least three different subsets, nonsuppressive, resting, and activated Treg cells. However, the characteristics of Treg cell subsets in lung cancer patients and how chemotherapy affects Treg cells rem

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Hess, Allan D., Christopher J. Thoburn, Emilie C. Bright, and Yuji Miura. "Antigen Specificity and Immunoregulation in Syngeneic Graft-Versus-Host Disease." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 4973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4973.4973.

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Abstract Syngeneic graft-vs-host disease (SGVHD) is a T cell dependent autoaggression syndrome induced by administering Cyclosporine following syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. The SGVHD autoreactive T cells recognize the MHC class II-invariant chain peptide complex (MHC class II-CLIP) and can be separated into functional subsets based on their differential dependence on the N- and C-terminal peptide flanking domains of CLIP. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether the N- or C-terminal flanking domain dependent subsets of CLIP reactive T cells reside within the CD4+CD25+

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Cools, Nathalie, Peter Ponsaerts, Viggo F. I. Van Tendeloo, and Zwi N. Berneman. "Regulatory T Cells and Human Disease." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/89195.

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The main function of our immune system is to protect us from invading pathogens and microorganisms by destroying infected cells, while minimizing collateral damage to tissues. In order to maintain this balance between immunity and tolerance, current understanding of the immune system attributes a major role to regulatory T cells (Tregs) in controlling both immunity and tolerance. Various subsets of Tregs have been identified based on their expression of cell surface markers, production of cytokines, and mechanisms of action. In brief, naturally occurring thymic-derivedCD4+CD25+Tregs are charac

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Nikolov, Georgi, Yana Todorova, Maria Nikolova, et al. "Subsets of T regulatory cells in patients with grass pollen allergy." World Allergy Organization Journal 13, no. 8 (2020): 100340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100340.

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Ohteki, Toshiaki, Hiroki Yoshida, Toshifumi Matsuyama, Gordon S. Duncan, Tak W. Mak та Pamela S. Ohashi. "The Transcription Factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1) Is Important during the Maturation of Natural Killer 1.1+ T Cell Receptor–α/β+ (NK1+ T) Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Intestinal Intraepithelial T Cells". Journal of Experimental Medicine 187, № 6 (1998): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.187.6.967.

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In contrast to conventional T cells, natural killer (NK) 1.1+ T cell receptor (TCR)-α/β+ (NK1+T) cells, NK cells, and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) bearing CD8-α/α chains constitutively express the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (R)β/15Rβ chain. Recent studies have indicated that IL-2Rβ/15Rβ chain is required for the development of these lymphocyte subsets, outlining the importance of IL-15. In this study, we investigated the development of these lymphocyte subsets in interferon regulatory factor 1–deficient (IRF-1−/−) mice. Surprisingly, all of these lymphocyte subsets were sever

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Swatler, Julian, Laura Turos-Korgul, Ewa Kozlowska, and Katarzyna Piwocka. "Immunosuppressive Cell Subsets and Factors in Myeloid Leukemias." Cancers 13, no. 6 (2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061203.

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Both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia evade the immune response during their development and disease progression. As myeloid leukemia cells modify their bone marrow microenvironment, they lead to dysfunction of cytotoxic cells, such as CD8+ T cells or NK cells, simultaneously promoting development of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and suppressive myeloid cells. This facilitates disease progression, spreading of leukemic blasts outside the bone marrow niche and therapy resistance. The following review focuses on main immunosuppressive features of myeloid leukemias. Firs

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Li, Nailin. "CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis: Regulation by platelets." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 109, no. 06 (2013): 980–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-11-0819.

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SummaryAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory and thrombotic disease, in which both CD4+ T cells and platelets play important roles throughout all stages of atherogenesis. CD4+ T cells are the most abundant T cells present in atherosclerotic lesions. They are primarily seen as type 1 T helper (Th1) cells, while the other CD4+ T cell subsets Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells are also found in the lesions with lower frequencies. CD4+ T effector cells release various cytokines, which exert paracrine or autocrine effects among different CD4+ T cell subsets and other lesional cells and subsequen

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Marazuela, Mónica, María A. García-López, Nicté Figueroa-Vega, et al. "Regulatory T Cells in Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disease." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 9 (2006): 3639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2337.

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Abstract Context: T regulatory cells have a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in different animal models. However, less information is available regarding these cells in human autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze different regulatory T cell subsets in patients with AITD. Design: We studied by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry different T regulatory cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and thyroid cell infiltrates from 20 patients with AITD. In addition, the function of TREG lymphocytes was assesse

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Sato, Katsuaki, Naohide Yamashita, Masanori Baba, and Takami Matsuyama. "Modified myeloid dendritic cells act as regulatory dendritic cells to induce anergic and regulatory T cells." Blood 101, no. 9 (2003): 3581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-09-2712.

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To exploit a novel strategy to regulate T cell–mediated immunity, we established human and murine modified dendritic cells (DCs) with potent immunoregulatory properties (designed as regulatory DCs), which displayed moderately high expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and extremely low levels of costimulatory molecules compared with their normal counterparts. Unlike human normal DCs, which caused the activation of allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, human regulatory DCs not only induced their anergic state but also generated CD4+ or CD8+regulatory T (Tr) cells fro

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Rengga Indrati, Agnes, Hinta Meijerink, Herry Garna, et al. "EKSPRESI KORESEPTOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS CCR5 DAN CXCR4 PADA SUBSET SEL LIMFOSIT T SERTA MONOSIT." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 18, no. 2 (2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v18i2.1012.

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Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 which lied on lymphocyte cell surface play important role in HIV infection and pathogenesis.The expression of these chemokine receptors will affect progressively the disease. The objectives of the study are to find the distributionof lymphocyte T cell subset and monocyte among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and to know the determination of CCR5 andCXCR4 co receptors expression on T lymphocyte cells subset and monocyte. This study is a preliminary study to explore the distributionof co receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 expression in healthy people. The sample t

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Xu, Xiongfei, Zhenhong Guo, Xueyu Jiang, et al. "Regulatory dendritic cells program generation of interleukin-4–producing alternative memory CD4 T cells with suppressive activity." Blood 117, no. 4 (2011): 1218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-05-285494.

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Abstract The heterogeneity and mechanisms for the generation of CD4 memory T (CD4 Tm) cells remain elusive. Distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) have been found to regulate a distinct T-helper (Th)–cell subset differentiation by influencing cytokine cues around CD4 T cells; however, whether and how the regulatory DC subset can regulate Tm-cell differentiation remains unknown. Further, there is no ideal in vitro experimental system with which to mimic the 3 phases of the CD4 T-cell immune response (expansion, contraction, memory generation) and/or to culture CD4 Tm cells for more than a mo

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Zhao, Chunfang, and Joanna D. Davies. "A peripheral CD4+ T cell precursor for naive, memory, and regulatory T cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 207, no. 13 (2010): 2883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20100598.

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Mechanisms that control the size of the T cell pool, the ratio between naive cells and memory cells, the number and frequency of regulatory T cells, and T cell receptor (TCR) diversity are necessary to maintain immune integrity and avoid disease. We have previously shown that a subset of naive CD4+ T cells, defined by the expression on their surface of a very low density of CD44 (CD44v.low cells), can inhibit wasting and wasting-associated lymphopenia in mice with cancer. In this study, we further investigate the properties of CD44v.low cells and show that they are significantly more efficient

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Sugimoto, Naoshi, and Yong-Jun Liu. "DUSP4 Stabilizes FOXP3 Expression In Human Regulatory T Cells." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3473.3473.

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Abstract Background Naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subset of CD4+T lymphocytes derived from the thymus. Treg suppress immune responses through multiple mechanisms and are involved in inhibiting the development of autoimmunity. Treg constitutively express the master regulatory gene FOXP3, which is necessary to maintain their phenotype and functions. Human blood circulating FOXP3+ Treg are composed of naïve and activated subsets. CD45RA+CD45RO- naïve Treg enter the blood from the thymus and become CD45RA-CD45RO+ activated Treg after activation. Activated Treg show higher sup

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Nikolova, Maria, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Matthieu Carriere, Armand Bensussan, and Yves Lévy. "Regulatory T cells differentially modulate the maturation and apoptosis of human CD8+ T-cell subsets." Blood 113, no. 19 (2009): 4556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-151407.

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Abstract The balanced manifestation of effector functions and the generation of long-living memory cells is a hallmark of efficient CD8+ T-cell response. Accumulating data pinpoint CD4+ CD25high regulatory T (Treg) cells as a key factor for the inefficiency of CD8+ T-cell responses in viral persistence. Little is known about the effects of Treg cells on the homeostasis of healthy donor CD8+ T cells. The present study demonstrates that Treg cells exert differential effects on CD8+ T-cell subsets. Treg cells inhibited mostly the polyclonal proliferation of CD27− effector cells compared with CD27

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Diller, Maggie L., Ragini R. Kudchadkar, Keith A. Delman, David H. Lawson, and Mandy L. Ford. "Balancing Inflammation: The Link between Th17 and Regulatory T Cells." Mediators of Inflammation 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6309219.

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CD4+T cell compartments in mouse and man are composed of multiple distinct subsets each possessing unique phenotypic and functional characteristics. IL-17-producing CD4+T cells (Th17 cells) represent a distinct subset of the CD4+T cell lineage. Recent evidence suggests that Th17 cells carry out effector functions similar to cytotoxic CD8+T cells and play an important role in the clearance of extracellular pathogens and fungi. Th17 cell differentiation and function are closely related to the development and function of regulatory T cells(TREG). The balance between these two cell populations is

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Oldreive, Ceri, Anna Skowronska, Paul Moss, Alexander Taylor, and Tatjana Stankovic. "Primary CLL Xenograft: T-Cells Friend or Foe? the Role of T-Cells in the Primary CLL Xenograft Model." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2888.2888.

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Abstract Abstract 2888 Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a malignancy characterised by the gradual accumulation of mature B cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. However, limited access to this proliferating tumour population in CLL patients and difficulties in modelling this proliferation in vitro necessitates the establishment of human xenograft models that can recapitulate the human disease. Several CLL xenograft models have already been established, however due to their inability to fully recapitulate human tissue distribution and their restricted period of engraftment, these models ar

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Kalekar, Lokesh A., and Michael D. Rosenblum. "Regulatory T cells in inflammatory skin disease: from mice to humans." International Immunology 31, no. 7 (2019): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxz020.

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Abstract The skin is the largest organ in the body and one of the primary barriers to the environment. In order to optimally protect the host, the skin is home to numerous immune cell subsets that interact with each other and other non-immune cells to maintain organ integrity and function. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are one of the largest immune cell subsets in skin. They play a critical role in regulating inflammation and facilitating organ repair. In doing so, they adopt unique and specialized tissue-specific functions. In this review, we compare and contrast the role of Tregs in cutaneous i

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Zhou, Gang, Charles G. Drake, and Hyam I. Levitsky. "Amplification of tumor-specific regulatory T cells following therapeutic cancer vaccines." Blood 107, no. 2 (2006): 628–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-07-2737.

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AbstractThe fate of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells is central to the outcome of the host immune response to cancer. We show that tumor antigen recognition by a subset of CD4+ T cells led to their differentiation into cells capable of suppressing naive and Th1 effector cells. Such tumor-induced regulatory T cells (TMTregs) arose both from precommitted “natural” regulatory T cells and CD4+CD25–GITRlow precursors. Once induced, TMTregs were capable of maintaining suppressor activity long after transfer into antigen-free recipients. Suppression was mediated by GITRhigh cells residing within both CD25

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Murase, Kazuyuki, Haesook T. Kim, Masahiro Hirakawa, et al. "Low-Dose IL-2 Reduces Mitochondrial Priming and Increases Bcl2 Expression in CD4 Memory Regulatory T Cells." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1414.1414.

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Abstract CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in establishment of immune tolerance and prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The recovery and maintenance of Treg after HSCT is dependent on homeostatic factors including the generation of naïve Treg from hematopoietic precursor cells, the proliferation and expansion of mature Treg and the survival of Treg in vivo. We previously reported that Treg in healthy donors are more susceptible to mitochondrial apoptotic priming than conventional T cells (T

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Koizumi, Shin-ichi, and Hiroki Ishikawa. "Transcriptional Regulation of Differentiation and Functions of Effector T Regulatory Cells." Cells 8, no. 8 (2019): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8080939.

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Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells can suppress the activity of various types of immune cells and play key roles in the maintenance of self-tolerance and in the regulation of immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. Treg cells consist of heterogeneous subsets that have distinct phenotypes and functions. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve-like thymus-derived Treg cells, which circulate in secondary lymphoid organs, can differentiate into effector Treg (eTreg) cells and migrate to and control immune homeostasis of peripheral tissues. eTreg cells are heterogeneous in terms of thei

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Malemud, Charles. "Defective T-Cell Apoptosis and T-Regulatory Cell Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis." Cells 7, no. 12 (2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells7120223.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, systemic autoimmune disease that mostly affects small and large synovial joints. At the molecular level, RA is characterized by a profoundly defective innate and adaptive immune response that results in a chronic state of inflammation. Two of the most significant alterations in T-lymphocyte (T-cell) dysfunction in RA is the perpetual activation of T-cells that result in an abnormal proliferation state which also stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts within the joint synovial tissue. This event results in what we have termed “apoptosis r

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Kino, Tabito, Mohsin Khan, and Sadia Mohsin. "The Regulatory Role of T Cell Responses in Cardiac Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145013.

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Ischemic injury to the heart causes cardiomyocyte and supportive tissue death that result in adverse remodeling and formation of scar tissue at the site of injury. The dying cardiac tissue secretes a variety of cytokines and chemokines that trigger an inflammatory response and elicit the recruitment and activation of cardiac immune cells to the injury site. Cell-based therapies for cardiac repair have enhanced cardiac function in the injured myocardium, but the mechanisms remain debatable. In this review, we will focus on the interactions between the adoptively transferred stem cells and the p

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Roncarolo, Maria-Grazia, and Megan K. Levings. "The role of different subsets of T regulatory cells in controlling autoimmunity." Current Opinion in Immunology 12, no. 6 (2000): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00162-x.

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Chui, S. Y., M. A. Morse, T. Doldo, et al. "Regulatory and effector T cell subsets and dendritic cells in breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (2004): 9697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.9697.

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Gambichler, T., A. Tsitlakidon, M. Skrygan, S. Höxtermann, L. Susok, and S. Hessam. "T regulatory cells and other lymphocyte subsets in patients with bullous pemphigoid." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 42, no. 6 (2017): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ced.13135.

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Velásquez-Lopera, M. M., L. A. Correa, and L. F. García. "Human spleen contains different subsets of dendritic cells and regulatory T lymphocytes." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 154, no. 1 (2008): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03734.x.

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Chui, S. Y., M. A. Morse, T. Doldo, et al. "Regulatory and effector T cell subsets and dendritic cells in breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (2004): 9697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9697.

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Ríos-Ríos, William de Jesús, Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis, and Honorio Torres-Aguilar. "T Cells Subsets in the Immunopathology and Treatment of Sjogren’s Syndrome." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (2020): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111539.

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Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is characterized by an exacerbated T cell infiltration in exocrine glands, markedly associated to the inflammatory and detrimental features as well as the disease progression. Several helper T cell subsets sequentially converge at different stages of the ailment, becoming involved in specific pathologic roles. Initially, their activated phenotype endows them with high migratory properties and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in target tissues. Later, the accumulation of immunomodulatory T cells-derived factors, su

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