Journal articles: 'Reinforced clay'

1

Tong, Fang, Qiang Ma, and Wenwen Xing. "Improvement of Clayey Soils by Combined Bamboo Strip and Flax Fiber Reinforcement." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 17, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7274161.

Full text

Abstract:

A combined bamboo strips and flax fiber reinforcement method to reinforce clay is proposed in this paper, and in order to study the mechanical properties of bamboo strips and flax fiber-reinforced clay (BFRC), a series of tensile tests were carried out to obtain the relationship between the average tensile force and deformation of flax fiber and bamboo strip; after that, triaxial shear tests were carried out under the conditions of different confining pressures. In addition, the reinforcement mechanism of the bamboo strips and flax fiber-reinforced clay (BFRC) is analyzed. The test results show that the cohesion and internal friction angle of the bamboo strips and flax fiber-reinforced clay (BFRC) are improved compared with the pure clay. In the case of flax fiber-reinforced clay, the cohesion of reinforced clay is increased by 18.34% and the friction angle is only increased by 0.39%. In the case of bamboo strips and flax fiber-reinforced clay, the cohesion of reinforced clay is increased by 26.36% and the friction angle is only increased by 10.24%. The addition of bamboo strips improves the shear strength of the reinforced clay and effectively improves the deformation resistance of the flax fiber-reinforced clay (FRC). And it increases the internal friction angle and cohesion of the clay, although the increase in the strength is mainly reflected in the influence on the cohesion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lan, Tie, and Thomas J. Pinnavaia. "Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites." Chemistry of Materials 6, no. 12 (December 1994): 2216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00048a006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ratna, D., N?R Manoj, R. Varley, R?K Singh Raman, and G?P Simon. "Clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites." Polymer International 52, no. 9 (2003): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1166.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Paramitha, Tika, Vita Wonoputri, Daniel Steven D Sitompul, Hyung Woo Lee, and Johnner P Sitompul. "Properties of clays reinforced PLA nanocomposites by melt extrusion technique." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n4.1534.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion technique using single screw extruder and subsequent hot compression. In this work, poly lactic acid-clay nanocomposites were obtained using two types of clays, namely commercial montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B) and commercial bentonite. Nanocomposites were prepared at low clay composition of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt.% of clays. From XRD spectra, the partially exfoliation of nanoclay layers were occurred during melting extrusion. It resulted in improvement of mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The highest tensile strength was obtained by the addition of 0.5 wt.% commercial bentonite increasing about 23.25% compared to the neat PLA. The increasing composition of clays revealed a decrease in mechanical properties due to filler-filler interaction. Furthermore, water absorption of nanocomposites up to `1 wt.% of clays better than the neat PLA. Biodegradability was enhanced in the presence of higher clay composition due to high hydrophilicity of clay, high water uptake, and high interactions. The results show that the weight loss of the neat PLA and the nanocomposite with the addition of 5 wt.% of Cloisite 30B are 4.0% and 10.8%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Cheng, Qiangqiang, Jixiong Zhang, Nan Zhou, Yu Guo, and Shining Pan. "Experimental Study on Unconfined Compression Strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Composite Cemented Clay." Crystals 10, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040247.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of three main factors, including polypropylene fiber content, composite cement content and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength of fiber-reinforced cemented clay were studied through a series of unconfined compressive strength tests. The experimental results show that the incorporation of fibers can increase the compressive strength and residual strength of cement-reinforced clay as well as the corresponding axial strain when the stress peak is reached compared with cement-reinforced clay. The compressive strength of fiber-reinforced cement clay decreases first, then increases with small-composite cement at curing time 14 d and 28 d. However, fiber-reinforced cement clay’s strength increases with the increase of fiber content for heavy-composite cement. The compressive strength of fiber-composite cement-reinforced marine clay increases with the increase of curing time and composite cement content. The growth rate increases with the increase of curing time. The failure mode of composite cement-reinforced clay is brittle failure, while the failure mode of fiber-reinforced cemented clay is plastic failure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chegenizadeh, Amin, and Hamid Nikraz. "Shear Test on Reinforced Clay." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3223.

Full text

Abstract:

Composite soils have been widely used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills. This paper aims to investigate effect of fiber inclusion on shear stress of composite soil (i.e. clay composite). A series of laboratory direct shear tests carried out to evaluate fiber effect on strength behavior of composite clay. Clay was selected as soil part of the composite and plastic fiber was used as reinforcement. The fiber parameters differed from one test to another, as fiber length were changed from 20 mm to 65 mm and fiber content were varied from 0.7% and 2%.Normal stress kept constant at 150 kpa. For each test, stress_ displacement graph derived and the results were compared. The results proved that inclusion of fiber affected shear stress behaviour of clay composite so that increasing in fiber content and length caused increasing in shear stress.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Schiraldi, David A., Matthew D. Gawryla, and Saeed Alhassan. "Clay Aerogel Composite Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.147.

Full text

Abstract:

A simple, inexpensive, and environmentally-friendly process for converting mixtures of clays and polymers has been developed. Polymer and clay are combined in water, and the mixtures are freeze dried to produce materials which have bulk densities typically in the range of 0.03 – 0.15 g/cm3. These low density polymer/clay aerogel materials possess good mechanical properties similar to those of traditional polymer foams, can be reinforced with fibers, modified with nanoparticles, biomineralized, or converted into porous ceramics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sharma, Bikramjit, Rahul Chhibber, and Rajeev Mehta. "Effect of mixing parameters, postcuring, and stoichiometry on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced epoxy–clay nanocomposites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 7 (January 10, 2018): 1363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420717752023.

Full text

Abstract:

The influence of processing variables was experimentally studied for glass fiber reinforced epoxy–clay nanocomposites manufactured using vacuum-assisted wet layup method. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and interlaminar shear strength of these nanocomposites were significantly influenced by the processing variables including the temperature of resin–clay mixture, speed of homogenization, and ultrasonic probe amplitude during premixing of clay minerals in epoxy. The glass transition temperature of glass fiber reinforced composites increased with incorporation of clay minerals in epoxy. Also, the postcuring of the laminates was carried out at three different temperatures, e.g. 100, 130, and 150 ℃ for 3 h. A decrease in tensile modulus, tensile strength, and flexural strength of nanocomposites postcured at 130 and 150 ℃ was observed. Also, the use of non-stoichiometric epoxy resin and hardener ratios had an adverse effect on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced epoxy–clay nanocomposites. In fiber reinforced composites incorporating clay minerals, a uniform dispersion of clay minerals besides a strong interfacial adhesion between clay minerals and polymer and optimum conditions of curing of matrix is a crucial aspect for improved performance over conventional fiber reinforced composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wang, Xingwei, Jian-dong Li, Xu Wang, Yanjie Zhang, Daijun Jiang, and Guanhua Zhao. "Study on Strength and Microstructure of Red Clay Reinforced by F1 Ionic Soil Stabilizer." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 9831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199831.

Full text

Abstract:

High-liquid limit red clay has poor engineering characteristics, namely poor water stability, low strength, and large expansion and contraction deformation. The clay may be reinforced with an F1 ionic soil stabilizer. The engineering characteristics of this reinforced clay were studied, specifically concerning its basic physical parameters, shear strength parameters, and micropore structure. The F1 ionic soil stabilizer significantly improved the water sensitivity, compaction characteristics, and shear strength of red clay. We determined that the optimal F1 ionic soil stabilizer mix was 0.5 L/m3, resulting in a reinforced clay with plastic limit increased by 45.74%, optimal moisture content increased by 12.12%, maximum dry density increased by 5.8%, liquid limit reduced by 8.4%, plasticity index reduced by 43.8%, infiltration coefficient reduced by 41.8%, cohesion increased 1.64-fold, and internal friction angle increased 1.30-fold. Freeze-thaw cycles reduced the shear strength parameters of the reinforced red clay, although even after 15 cycles, it still had 18.4% higher cohesion and 57.1% higher internal friction angle than undisturbed red clay. The F1 ionic soil stabilizer significantly reduced the pore size and area of red clay, the complex connected pore structure is adjusted to a more regular structure. The reinforced clay had 56.64% lower pore area ratio, 32.27% lower average Feret diameter, and 2.43% lower fractal dimension.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Singh, H., and N. Cooke. "Ductile behaviour of reinforced masonry columns." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 27, no. 2 (June 30, 1994): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.27.2.83-95.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the strength and level of ductile performance of two reinforced concrete masonry columns and one reinforced clay brick column by Singh [1993]. The results show that strength of reinforced concrete and clay masonry can be predicted by using full cross-section dimensions. Columns constructed from concrete masonry behave in a ductile manner but clay masonry columns behave in a very limited ductile manner.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Zhu, Xu Fen, Jun Yang Wei, Bao Tian Wang, and Yong Li Zhang. "Test Study on Interface Properties between Different Geogrids and Clay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2411.

Full text

Abstract:

With the rapid development of reinforced earth technology, different reinforced materials are also gradually applied to Reinforced earth. In this paper, we focus on the need for the study of interface characteristics between different reinforced materials and clay, by making indoor drawing test with two kinds of reinforced materials commonly used in engineering and the same clay. The test results show that: the drawing strength between the two reinforced materials and clay both increase with the normal stress increasing, both of their strength envelopes are straight lines; In the drawing test between the warp knitted geogrid and clay, the cohesive strength is 6.65kPa, the friction angle is 21.03°; while the drawing test between the geonet and clay, the cohesive strength is 2.9kPa, the friction angle is 10.96°; The average tensile strength of warp knitted geogrid is 26.4% of genet's, while the drawing strength of warp knitted geogrid in the test is about 48.1% of genet's, so when chosing reinforced materials in some engineerings, it is an important factor that we must consider the particle size and gradation of the filled reinforced materials, selecting the most appropriate size effect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Chozhan, C. Karikal, A. Chandramohan, and M. Alagar. "Surface Modified Clay Reinforced Silicon Incorporated Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites: Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties." Polymers from Renewable Resources 9, no. 1 (February 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791800900101.

Full text

Abstract:

The silicon-containing epoxy/clay nanocomposites were developed by incorporating the surface-modified MMT clay upto 7wt% into Si-epoxy resin. The surface of the montmorillonite (MMT) clay was modified with two surface modifiers namely cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS). The surface modified clay reinforced Si-epoxy composites were developed in the form of castings, and were characterized for their thermal and mechanical properties. Thermal behaviour of the composites was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Mechanical properties were studied as per ASTM standards. Data result from the different studies, it is inferred that the surface modified clay reinforced Si-epoxy composites exhibit lower Tg than that of neat epoxy matrix (127°C <165°C). The decomposition temperature for 60% weight loss of clay reinforced Si-epoxy composites is 674–823°C which is higher when compared to that of neat epoxy matrix. For 5wt% clay reinforced Si-epoxy composites, the values of tensile, flexural and impact strength are increased to 26%, 21% and 29% respectively. The storage modulus (E’) is increased from 5932 to 6308 MPa for clay reinforced Si-epoxy resin. XRD analysis confirmed the well-dispersed exfoliated nanocomposites structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Geng, Weijuan, Hao Liu, Jie Yin, Yongwei Du, and Daniel Kumah. "Evaluation of Compression Behaviors of Marine Clay Reinforced with Waste Shredded Tires." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7780338.

Full text

Abstract:

This study evaluates the compression behaviors of a soft marine clay reinforced with waste shredded tire (WST) at different sizes (<0.5 mm, 0.5–2.0 mm, and 2.0–4.0 mm) and contents (15%, 35%, and 50%). Results from compression tests indicate that the compression index (Cc) of WST-reinforced soft clay decreases with increasing WST shred size and content. The swelling index (Cs) increases as the WST shred size and content increase. The difference in compression curves becomes more significant for composite reinforced at large shred size. The void indexes of WST-reinforced Lianyungang clay can be well normalized regardless of WST shred size and content by a regression line. The WST dominates the compression behavior of the WST-clay composite, as the WST would be compressed prior to the clay particles. The results in this study provide an optimum WST content at 50% with shred size of 2.0–4.0 mm for reinforcing the Lianyungang marine clay for achieving higher compressibility, contributing to the input database of machine learning for WST-reinforced soil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kusmono, M. W. Wildan, and Z. A. Mohd Ishak. "Preparation and Properties of Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/690675.

Full text

Abstract:

The clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite was prepared by the polymerization method. The effect of clay addition on the mechanical properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites was studied through tensile, flexural, impact strength, and fracture toughness tests. The morphology and tribology behavior of epoxy/clay nanocomposites were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and wear test, respectively. The wear test was performed to determine the specific abrasion of the nanocomposites. In addition, the water absorption characteristic of the nanocomposites was also investigated in this study. XRD analysis indicated that the exfoliation structure was observed in the epoxy nanocomposites with 3 wt% of clay, while the intercalated structure was shown at 6 wt% of clay. It was found that the addition of clay up to 3 wt% increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and the fracture toughness. On the contrary, the presence of above 3 wt% of clay produced a reverse effect. It could be concluded that the best properties in mechanical, wear resistance, and water resistance were obtained for the epoxy nanocomposites containing 3 wt% of clay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ma, Qiang, Yicong Yang, Henglin Xiao, and Wenwen Xing. "Studying Shear Performance of Flax Fiber-Reinforced Clay by Triaxial Test." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (October 15, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1290572.

Full text

Abstract:

Laboratory triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the reinforcement mechanism, to study the characteristics of flax fiber-reinforced clay, and to discuss the effect on stress-strain relationship and shear strength parameters of flax fiber-reinforced clay in different flax fiber content and different confining pressure. Respectively, the ratio of fiber content to clay by weight is 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%, and the confining pressure is 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa in triaxial test. The test results show that, the shear strength of flax fiber-reinforced clay is greater than that of pure clay. Compared with the pure clay, the shear strength of flax fiber-reinforced clay increased as the cohesion and friction increased; while the increase of the friction is relatively small, the increase of cohesion is large. The shear strength firstly increased and then reduced with the increase of flax fiber content. When the fiber content was 0.8%, the shear strength reached a peak value, and the shear strength reduced with the further increase of fiber content.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Chegenizadeh, Amin, and Hamid Nikraz. "Modulus of Elasticity of Reinforced Clay." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.969.

Full text

Abstract:

Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials. Its use has been expanded rapidly into civil engineering, geotechnical engineering and pavement engineering. Reinforcing subgarde in pavement systems has always been an issue. This study focuses on effect of fibre inclusion on the modulus of elasticity of subgrade material. Plastic fibre was used for this investigation. Fibre contents and aspect ratio have been changed during these tests. The fibre percentage varied from 0 % (for unreinforced samples) to 3%. Clay was used as sub grade material. Unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate behaviour of the composite under different condition. The fibre length and fibre content found to play important rule on the modulus of elasticity of fibre. Furthermore it was observed that ductility of sample increased by fibre inclusion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Al-Omari, R. R., and W. K. Oraibi. "Cyclic Behavior of Reinforced Expansive Clay." Soils and Foundations 40, no. 2 (April 2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.2_1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Guo, Jiao, Baochau N. Nguyen, Lichun Li, Mary Ann B. Meador, Daniel A. Scheiman, and Miko Cakmak. "Clay reinforced polyimide/silica hybrid aerogel." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1, no. 24 (2013): 7211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta00439b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Wilhelm, H. M., M. R. Sierakowski, G. P. Souza, and F. Wypych. "Starch films reinforced with mineral clay." Carbohydrate Polymers 52, no. 2 (May 2003): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(02)00239-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Al-Omari, Raid R., H. H. Al-Dobaissi, Y. N. Nazhat, and B. A. Al-Wadood. "Shear strength of geomesh reinforced clay." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 8, no. 4 (January 1989): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(89)90015-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Masenelli-Varlot, K., E. Reynaud, G. Vigier, and J. Varlet. "Mechanical properties of clay-reinforced polyamide." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 40, no. 3 (December 21, 2001): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.10088.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zhang, Liangliang, Wang Wang, Jinyu Chen, and Jinzhen Cao. "Dimensional stability and decay resistance of clay treated, furfurylated, and clay-reinforced furfurylated poplar wood." Holzforschung 76, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2021-0110.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Plantation-grown poplar (Populus cathayana) is regarded as a source of low-quality wood, with poor dimensional stability and low decay resistance. In this study, poplar wood was impregnated with sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) or organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT), furfuryl alcohol (FA, at concentrations of 15%, 30% and 50%), separately or in their combinations to prepare clay treated, furfurylated, and clay-reinforced furfurylated wood, respectively. The two-step method by introducing Na-MMT first and then FA and organic modifier was feasible to achieve a reasonable penetration. These components could entirely enter the wood cell lumen or partly enter the wood cell wall, and thus initiate a series of reactions. Compared with Na-MMT reinforced furfurylated wood (M-F), the O-MMT reinforced furfurylated wood (O-F) exhibited better dimensional stability (ASE up to 71%) and decay resistance (3.2% mass loss). Moreover, O-MMT played a predominant role in decay resistance of O-MMT reinforced furfurylated wood. Even at low O-MMT loadings, the modified wood had a significant inhibitory effect on the white-rot decay fungus Trametes versicolor. Based on an overall evaluation, O-MMT reinforced furfurylated wood seemed to provide an optimal choice for both moist or wet conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Wu, Yankai, Yanbin Li, and Bin Niu. "Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Silty Clay Using Triaxial Shear Tests." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/436231.

Full text

Abstract:

Fiber reinforcement is widely used in construction engineering to improve the mechanical properties of soil because it increases the soil’s strength and improves the soil’s mechanical properties. However, the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced soils remain controversial. The present study investigated the mechanical properties of silty clay reinforced with discrete, randomly distributed sisal fibers using triaxial shear tests. The sisal fibers were cut to different lengths, randomly mixed with silty clay in varying percentages, and compacted to the maximum dry density at the optimum moisture content. The results indicate that with a fiber length of 10 mm and content of 1.0%, sisal fiber-reinforced silty clay is 20% stronger than nonreinforced silty clay. The fiber-reinforced silty clay exhibited crack fracture and surface shear fracture failure modes, implying that sisal fiber is a good earth reinforcement material with potential applications in civil engineering, dam foundation, roadbed engineering, and ground treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Hubertova, Michala, and Rudolf Hela. "Lightweight Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.28.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of fibre reinforcement in normalweight concrete technology is commonly used in practice. In the area of lightweight concrete, for example with use of expanded clay aggregate, there is not widely used this type of technology. The paper describes the experimental verification of various doses of steel fibres in two types of bulk and compressive class of lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete and its influence on the physical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete – compressive and flexural strength, stress-strain diagram.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Li, Qingde, Xun Gao, Wanli Cheng, Guangping Han, and Jiye Han. "Preparation and performance of high-density polyethylene-based wood–plastic composites reinforced with red pottery clay." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 12 (February 28, 2017): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417693698.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, by preparing red pottery clay according to unearthed red pottery clay pieces and using red pottery clay to reinforce high-density polyethylene-based wood–plastic composites, the effects of the amount of red pottery clay on the properties of the fabricated wood–plastic composites were investigated. The results indicated that when the amount of red pottery clay increased, flexural strength and impact strength of the composite initially increased and then decreased; flexural modulus increased and tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. The cone calorimeter tests studied the effects of red pottery clay on the flame retardant and smoke suppressant behaviors of high-density polyethylene-based wood–plastic composites. Red pottery clay formed a ceramic structure on the surface and inside high-density polyethylene, thus preventing high-density polyethylene from interacting with oxygen and increasing the amount of available carbon. As a result, the flame retardant properties of wood–plastic composites were improved due to the addition of red pottery clay. A comprehensive evaluation of the properties of high-density polyethylene-based wood–plastic composites reinforced with red pottery clay showed that addition of 5% of red pottery clay resulted in the most optimal mechanical properties: the addition of red pottery clay improved the density of the composite, decreased the shrinkage rate, and enhanced the flame retardant properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zhang, Chenyang, Hong Mei, Guochang Hu, Jin Liu, Jian Xue, Xiaoyong Zhu, Hongning Lu, Zezhuo Song, and Wenyue Che. "Experimental Study on Interfacial Friction Characteristics of Reinforced Clay." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 4626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214626.

Full text

Abstract:

Clay is one of the important base materials in slope restoration. The adhesion of clay–rock interface plays a decisive role in the repairing effect on rock slopes. Fibers and polymers are widely used as a clay improvement method in rock slope repair. In this paper, the friction effect of sisal fiber and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)-reinforced clay was studied through the design of an indoor rock-like interface sliding model test. Using modelled test results and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the reinforced clay was analyzed. The test results showed that the critical sliding angle and maximum static friction force of clay decreased with the increase of moisture content. An excess of fiber content and moisture content weakens the coupling effect of fiber-anchoring clay. Fiber content of 0.8% and PVAc content of 2% had the best effect on enhancing the sliding resistance of clay and provided good adhesion for dangerous interfaces of rock slope at 35° and 45°, respectively. PVAc formed a three-dimensional networked elastic membrane structure to improve the skid resistance and dynamic friction coefficient of the clay. The results provide an effective way for soil improvement and ecological restoration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Lim, Goy Teck, Elizabeth A. Foreman-Orlowski, Sara E. Porosky, Paul Pavka, Judit E. Puskas, Christian Götz, and Volker Altstädt. "Novel Polyisobutylene-Based Biocompatible TPE Nanocomposites." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 82, no. 4 (September 1, 2009): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548258.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The tensile and thermal properties of linear poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (L_SIBS) and styrenic copolymers with a dendritic polyisobutylene core (D_SIBS) filled with 10 – 30 wt% of organophilic montmorillonite nanoclays (Cloisite(®)-20A) via solution blending were investigated. D_SIBS polymers were successfully reinforced by the clays without additional compatibilizers to show increase in both modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The clay platelets were well dispersed in the polymer matrix as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, L_SIBS composites displayed decreasing tensile strength with increasing clay loading. TEM found clay agglomerates in L_SIBS composites that can act as “hotspots” for premature failure of the material. D_SIBSs loaded with 60 phr (37.5 wt%) carbon black (N234) also showed significant reinforcement. Interestingly, a D_SIBS with 17 wt% hard phase content reinforced with 60 phr carbon black exhibited an increase in the glass transition temperature of the hard phase from 116 °C to 126 °C. This will make steam sterilization of the material possible for biomedical applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Liu, Jia, Xi’an Li, Gang Li, and Jinli Zhang. "Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Red Clay." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 10521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210521.

Full text

Abstract:

Red clay is not easy to use as a natural foundation because of its high water content, high plasticity index, large void ratio, and susceptibility to shrinkage and cracking. In this study, consolidated undrained triaxial tests were conducted to examine the mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced red clay and to analyze the influence of the fiber content (FC), fiber length (FL), and cell pressure on its shear strength. By performing a regression analysis on the test data, a hyperbolic constitutive model that considers the influence of FC, FL, and cell pressure was established, and a method was developed to estimate the parameters of the model. The findings show that, in contrast with the nonreinforced red clay, the fiber-reinforced red clay had a stress-strain curve characterized by typical strain hardening, with the shear strength increasing with FC, FL and cell pressure. The calculated results of the model coincide with the test results well, confirming that the hyperbolic model could appropriately describe the stress-strain relationship of polypropylene fiber-reinforced red clay and have reference value for the design and construction of fiber-reinforced red clay foundations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Li, Jing, Yuan Ma, Jiayun Yang, Yaya Li, Yigang dai, and Junhe Yang. "Facile Fabrication of Nanoclay Reinforced Waterborne Organic Coatings for Corrosion Protection." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 8 (October 2017): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500805.

Full text

Abstract:

The reinforcement effect of nanoclay on the corrosion protection properties of waterborne thin organic coatings was studied. The coating matrix was a commercial formulation for galvalume steel substrates. Two kinds of clays (laponite RDS and optigel WH) were employed as the barrier reinforcement in the composite coatings. Both kinds of the clays were exfoliated into monolayers of silicate with disordered structures at a filler content of 2 wt.%. Facile exfoliation and effective dispersion of clay was achieved with the assistance of a titanate coupling agent. The corrosion protection properties of the composite coatings were significantly improved with the addition of 3 wt.% laponite RDS or 2 wt.% optigel WH. The addition of an excessive amount of clay decreased the anticorrosion properties of the composite coatings. The fabrication methods of nanoclay-reinforced thin organic coatings involved only physical blending and latex mixing at ambient temperature, which can be easily scaled-up for mass production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ahuja, Dheeraj, and Anupama Kaushik. "Castor oil-based polyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with organically modified clay." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 49, no. 4 (June 17, 2016): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244316653263.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyurethane(PU) nanocomposites were prepared using high shear mixing from castor oil, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and modified clay (Closite 30B) as filler. The synthesis was carried out in bulk and without catalyst in the presence of clay. The clay percentage was varied from 1% to 5% by weight of the nanocomposite. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical and water absorption properties. TEM and WAXD results confirmed exfoliation upto 3% clay in the nanocomposite. Hydrogen bonding between clay and PU matrix was reflected in FTIR. The Young’s modulus improved more than 300% with addition of 4% clay but decreased further due to clay aggregation. The diffusivity and permeability decreased significantly for nanocomposites due to tortuous path offered by exfoliated clay platelets to diffusing water molecules.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Rafiq, Ahmad, and Necar Merah. "Nanoclay enhancement of flexural properties and water uptake resistance of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites at different temperatures." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 2 (June 7, 2018): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318781220.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, glass fiber-reinforced epoxy-nanoclay composite plates, with I.30E clay contents ranging between 0 and 5 wt.%, were manufactured by hand layup with hot pressing. Flexural strength of unexposed fiber-reinforced epoxy-nanoclay reached an optimum improvement of 11% for 1.5 wt.%. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that at this clay loading, better interfacial adhesion of clay with glass fibers was achieved. At higher clay loadings, clay agglomeration and presence micro-voids led to less strength improvement. The maximum water uptake was found to decrease with increasing clay loading and moisture diffusion at 80℃ was about 80% higher than that at room temperature. Post exposure flexural tests revealed a behavior similar to that of unexposed samples with nanoclay loading of 1.5 wt.% leading to optimal flexural properties. Exposure to moisture resulted in degradation of fiber-reinforced epoxy-nanoclay flexural properties with about 36% reduction in strength for 80℃ and 8% for room temperature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kodama, Yusuke, Shi Jie Zhu, Yukiko Nakahara, Arimitsu Usuki, and Makoto Kato. "Fatigue Fracture of Clay Reinforced Nylon Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 750 (March 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.750.11.

Full text

Abstract:

Nylon 6 clay hybrid (NCH) composite consists of nano-sized Montmorillonite and nylon 6 matrix. The testing materials were nylon 6, NCH-2 (2 wt% clay reinforced composite) and NCH-5 (5 wt% clay reinforced composite). Fatigue tests at the glass transition temperatures (35 °C and 50 °C) were performed with a stress ratio of 0.1 and frequency of 0.1Hz. NCH-2 had the highest fatigue strength at room temperature, but NCH-5 had the highest fatigue strengths at 35 °C and 50 °C. It was found that the fracture origin changed from surfaces to interior of specimens with an increase in temperature in NCH-2 and NCH-5.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

del Pino, Gilberto García, Abderrezak Bezazi, Haithem Boumediri, Antonio Claudio Kieling, Cláudia Cândida Silva, Jamile Dehaini, Jose Luis Valin Rivera, Maria das Graças da Silva Valenzuela, Francisco Rolando Valenzuela Díaz, and Túlio Hallak Panzera. "Hybrid epoxy composites made from treated curauá fibres and organophilic clay." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320945785.

Full text

Abstract:

This work evaluates an epoxy composite reinforced with curauá fibres and/or organophilic clay. Epoxy polymers reinforced with nano-clays are also assessed. Composites are manufactured by cold pressing using fibres in pristine and treated conditions. Three levels of the factors NaOH solution (2.5, 5 and 10%) and immersion time (2, 4 and 10 hours) are investigated. Nano-clays are incorporated at the levels of 2.5, 5 and 10 wt.%. The morphology and crystallinity of the treated fibres are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Tensile, three-point bending and impact tests are performed to characterise the composites. Tensile strength, flexural strength and impact resistance are increased by 24%, 44% and 47%, respectively, when compared to untreated fibre composites. The highest tensile and flexural strengths are achieved by hybrid composites containing 5 wt.% of nano-clay and 20 wt.% of curauá fibres treated with 5% NaOH for 4 hours. In contrast, the highest tensile modulus is achieved when hybrid composites are made from untreated fibres and 10 wt.% of nanoparticles. The highest impact resistance is obtained by curauá composites, without particles, composed of fibres treated with 5% NaOH for 4 hours. The inclusion of nano-clay leads to reduced impact resistance values.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Stark, T. D., and H. T. Eid. "Shear Behavior of Reinforced Geosynthetic Clay Liners." Geosynthetics International 3, no. 6 (January 1996): 771–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.3.0084.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Chegenizadeh, Amin, and Hamid Nikraz. "Investigation on Strength of Fiber Reinforced Clay." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.957.

Full text

Abstract:

Clay soils and their related behavior has always been the subject of many studies. Recent researches show some interests in investigation of inclusion of randomly distributed fiber in clay. Reinforcing subgarde in pavement systems has always been an issue. This study focuses on effect of fiber inclusion on the strength of subgrade material. Natural fiber was used for this investigation. Fiber contents and length have been changed during these tests. The fiber percentage varied from 0 % (for unreinforced samples) to 3% and fiber length varied from 15mm to 65mm. In addition, as the other alternative 0.5% cement material was put in fiber composite to see the performance of composite. Clay was selected as soil. Triaxial Consolidated Undrained (CU) compression tests were carried out to investigate behavior of the composite under different condition. The fiber length and fiber content found to play important rule on the strength of fiber reinforced composite. Furthermore it was observed that ductility of sample increased by fiber inclusion. Cement percentage also found to be a good tool to stabilize soil composite.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Nguyen, M. D., K. H. Yang, and W. M. Yalew. "Compaction behavior of nonwoven geotextile-reinforced clay." Geosynthetics International 27, no. 1 (February 2020): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgein.19.00053.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

MATSUDA, Shogo, Shijie ZHU, Arimitsu USUKI, and Makoto KATO. "Degradation analysis of Nylon6 reinforced by clay." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2016 (2016): OS12–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2016.os12-03.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lakho, Nawab Ali, and Muhammad Auchar Zardari. "Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Baked Clay Beams." Engineering 08, no. 07 (2016): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.87037.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gilbert, Robert B., Federico Fernandez, and David W. Horsfield. "Shear Strength of Reinforced Geosynthetic Clay Liner." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 122, no. 4 (April 1996): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1996)122:4(259).

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Finlay, Katherine, Matthew D. Gawryla, and David A. Schiraldi. "Biologically Based Fiber-Reinforced/Clay Aerogel Composites." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47, no. 3 (February 2008): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0705406.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mandal, J. N., and H. S. Sah. "Bearing capacity tests on geogrid-reinforced clay." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 11, no. 3 (January 1992): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(92)90007-w.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Deka, Biplab K., Manabendra Mandal, and Tarun K. Maji. "Plant fibre reinforced polymer blend/clay nanocomposite." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 31, no. 10 (May 2012): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684412444017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ben Hadj Salah, Hend, Hachmi Ben Daly, Johanne Denault, and Florence Perrin. "UV degradation of clay-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites." Polymer Engineering & Science 56, no. 4 (January 27, 2016): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24273.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sharma, A. L., and Awalendra K. Thakur. "Relaxation behavior in clay-reinforced polymer nanocomposites." Ionics 21, no. 6 (December 11, 2014): 1561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1336-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Lee, Ki-Chang, Jai-Hyuk Her, and Soon-Ki Kwon. "Red clay composites reinforced with polymeric binders." Construction and Building Materials 22, no. 12 (December 2008): 2292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Lu, Xue Song, and Xiang Wei. "Experimental Study on Ionic Soil Stabilizer Reinforcing Red Clay." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1736.

Full text

Abstract:

In this research, a kind of Ionic Soil Stabilizer (ISS for short) is used as great extension of Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Based on the red clay of Hanyan district of Wuhan reinforced by Ionic Soil Stabilizer, the red clay soil is treated by different matches of ISS and water at first, then is tested in the Atterberg limits test, dirct shear test and surface tension test. The results show that the plastic index decreases, and the cohesion increases after mixing the ISS into the red clay. In addition, Once ISS is dissolved in water, it can reduce the surface tension of water, and with the concentration increasing, the surface tension decreased. Finally the mechanism how ISS reinforces the red clay is analyzed by the aspect of the structure of pair-electricity layer and the Zeta potential.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Badar, Sajjad abdulameer, Laith Shakir Rasheed, and Shakir Ahmed Salih. "The Structural Characteristics of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Beams." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubes.v27i2.2293.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to investigate the structural behavior of reinforced lightweight concrete beams. Attapulgite aggregate and crushed clay brick aggregate were used as coarse lightweight aggregate to produce structural lightweight aggregate concrete with 25 Mpa and 43.6 Mpa cube compressive strength and 1805 Kg/m3 and 1977 Kg/m3 oven dry density respectively. The result of reinforced lightweight concrete beams compared with reinforced normal weight concrete beams, which have 50.5 Mpa cylinder compressive strength and 2317 Kg/m3 oven dry density. For each type of concrete two reinforced concrete beams with (1200 mm length × 180 mm height × 140 mm width), one of them tested under symmetrical two-points load STPL (a/d = 2.2) and another one tested under one-point load OPL (a/d=3.3) at 28 days. The experimental program shows that a structural lightweight aggregate concrete can be produced by using Attapulgite aggregate with 25 MPa cube compressive strength and 1805 Kg/m3 oven dry density and by using crushed clay brick aggregate with 43.6 MPa cube compressive strength and 1977 Kg/m3 oven dry density. The weight of Attapulgite aggregate concrete and crushed clay bricks aggregate concrete beam specimens were lower than normal weight aggregate concrete beams by about 20.56% and 13.65% respectively at 28 days. As for the ultimate load capacities of beam specimens, the ultimate load of Attapulgite aggregate concrete beams tested under STPL were lower than that of crushed clay bricks aggregate concrete beams and normal weight aggregate concrete beams by about 4.85% and 5% respectively. While the ultimate load capacities of reinforced Attapulgite concrete beams tested under OPL were lower than that of reinforced crushed clay bricks aggregate concrete beams and reinforced normal weight aggregate concrete beams by about 10.3% and 10.5% respectively. Finally, Attapulgite aggregate concrete and crushed clay bricks aggregate concrete showed ductility and toughness less than that of Normal weight aggregate concrete.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wang, Shaohui, Zonglin Peng, Yong Zhang, and Yinxi Zhang. "Structure and Properties of BR Nanocomposites Reinforced with Organoclay." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 4 (May 2005): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300404.

Full text

Abstract:

Butadiene rubber (BR)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by direct melt mixing of BR and clay modified with different primary and quaternary ammonium salts. BR/pristine clay composite and BR/organoclay nanocomposites were analysed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The vulcanization characteristics and the mechanical properties of the BR/pristine clay and BR/organoclay composites were investigated. The results showed that the interlayer distance of the organoclays was expanded, which indicated that intercalated BR/organoclay nanocomposites had been prepared. Organoclay effectively accelerated the vulcanization of BR, which was attributed to the intercalatant used to modify the clay. The tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength of BR/organoclay nanocomposites are much higher than those of gum BR vulcanizate and BR/pristine clay composites. The organoclay modified with dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride (DDAC) gave the best reinforcement effect in BR of all the organoclays.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chandramouli, Pavithra, Dinesh Muthukrishnan, Venkatesh Sridhar, Veerappan Sathish Kumar, Gunasekaran Murali, and Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin. "Flexural Behaviour of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Internally Reinforced with Welded Wire Mesh." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2022): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091374.

Full text

Abstract:

Lightweight clay aggregate (LECA) is manufactured by heating clay with no lime content in the kiln; as a result, the water evaporates and angular clay balls with pore structures are obtained. LECA possess internal curing properties as any other lightweight aggregate due to their pore structure and higher water absorption capacity. In this work, experimental and analytical behaviour using LECA as a 100% replacement for coarse aggregate to make lightweight concrete (LWC) beams was studied. The LWC beams were compared to the conventional concrete beams in load-deflection, energy absorption capacity, and ductility index. Internal mesh reinforcement using welded wire mesh (WWM) of (4 layers of 15 mm square spacing, 4 layers of 10 mm square spacing, and 4 layers of 15 mm and 10 mm mesh placed alternatively) was provided to enhance the load-carrying capacity of the LWC beam without increasing the dimensions and self-weight of the beams. The beam internally reinforced with WWM exhibited higher load carrying capacity and withstood more significant deflection without sudden failure. The internal reinforcement of WWM is provided to make steel rebars, and WWM works monolithically while loading; this will reduce the stress on tension bars and increase load-carrying capacity. Finally, the generated analytical findings agreed well with the experimental data, demonstrating that the analytical model could mimic the behaviour of LWC beams with WWM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Abed, Mohammed A., Aysha Anagreh, Nikola Tošić, Ola Alkhabbaz, Majd Eddin Alshwaiki, and Robert Černý. "Structural Performance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Reinforced by Glass or Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112142.

Full text

Abstract:

Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement are potentially more sustainable alternatives to traditional steel-reinforced concrete structures, offering several important benefits. To further the knowledge in this area, the physical–mechanical properties of LWC produced with 0%, 50%, and 100% expanded clay aggregate were assessed. Subsequently, the flexural behavior of LWC beams reinforced with steel reinforcement and glass and basalt FRP bars was tested. The results of the experimental program allowed quantifying of the effect of expanded clay aggregate incorporation on LWC properties. The use of FRP reinforcement was also compared to steel-reinforced concrete beam behavior. The results of this study can provide additional support for the use of innovative materials such as LWA and FRP reinforcement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Reinforced clay'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles