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1
Elbasha, Nuri Mohamed. "LIGHTER HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE BEAM." Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 2, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v2i2.17-26.
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High strength concrete (HSC) has been used extensively in civil construction projects worldwide because it reduces the cross section and the weight of long construction members. In recent years a marked increase in the use of High Strength Concrete (HSC) has been evident in Australian building construction despite the fact that the current Australian design standard provides no design rules for such a material. Very limited information on the properties of HSC and its design and construction processes are available in Australia, although in recent times many studies have been undertaken to produce material and, more importantly, to determine its characteristic. In the last 20 years there has been extensive research to economically utilize new components to improve the quality of HSC. HSC produces smaller but stronger structural elements with large spaces available. It has been studied that the cost of using HSC instead of Normal Strength Concerete (NSC) in different types of constructions. This proved that structures constructed with HSC are lighter and economical compared with those constructed with NSC. In the long term durability significantly affects project costs. In other words after several years a concrete structure needs rehabilitation or in critical cases must be demolished, therefore the price of a project consists of initial costs plus those covering any rehabilitation. A huge amount of money could be saved by utilizing the durability characteristics of high strength concrete. This study presents recent information and the benefits of high strength concrete. Also, provides in brief an experimental proof that installing a helix with a suitable pitch and diameter in the compression zone of beams significantly enhances their strength and ductility. Therefore, designers could confidently use high-strength concrete and helical confinement to design long and light reinforced concrete beams.
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Krylov, Sergey B., Ravil S. Sharipov, Sergey A. Zenin, and Yury S. Volkov. "Directions of Convergence of the Requirements of the Main Domestic Standard for the Design of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures SP 63.13330.2012 with the Requirements of the International Standard ISO 19338." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2019-1-93-98.
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Design standards on building structures should contain, first of all, the performance and assessment requirements of structures. At the same time, design standards should provide the possibility for design and construction of concrete and reinforced concrete parts of buildings and structures that meet the requirements of the Technical regulations "On the safety of buildings and structures".
Taking into account the importance of ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings and structures erected with the use of structural concrete, the technical Committee of the international organization for standardization ISO TC 71 "Concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete", certifies national standards for compliance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 19338 "Performance and Assessment Requirements for Design Standards on Structural Concrete", developed by the same Committee.
The standard describes the issues that should be included in the standards for the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures (terms and definitions, basic requirements, performance requirements,loads and impacts, design estimates, requirements for manufacturing and construction, as well as quality control). These requirements are common to all standards in the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
In this regard, it is relevant and important to establish the possibility of presenting the National Code of rules SP 63.13330.2012 "SNiP 52.01-2003 Plain and Reinforced Concrete Structures. General Provisions" for certification for compliance with the requirements of ISO 19338. To achieve this goal, the relevant work has been done, based on the results of which were made the proposals for the submission of SP 63.13330.2012 for certification for compliance with ISO 19338:2014. These proposals are set out in the text of the article.
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Scutarasu, Constantin Sorin, Dan Diaconu-Şotropa, and Marinela Barbuta. "Case Study on Modeling Fire Action Complexity in Fire Safety Engineering of Structures." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.102.
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Important goals in the fire safety design, such as preventing loss of life and goods damage, are achieved by maintaining the stability of structures exposed to fire for a period of time established by norms and standards. Real fire scenarios confirm that the specific technical regulations which actually have a prescriptive character (both national and international) do not deal with sufficient possibilities regarding the assessment of structural fire safety. The new approach on structural safety, based on engineering notions, gives us additional prospects on it and it is included in the issues of the fire safety design of structures. A relatively new field of study, known by a few professionals focused on fire safety (but well acknowledged in the research area), fire safety design met with lots of changes and restructuring of the governing concepts and procedures and of the information with which they operate, due to the fast accumulation of experience in this area of engineering activity. Consequently, after countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zeeland or USA provided towards professionals specific technical regulations for fire safety design, groups of experts in these aforementioned countries have joined their forces to try to diminish the differences that exists between those regulations and to give a unitary character to them, a better conceptualized engineering approach of the fire safety design. The result: occurrence of the publication International Fire Engineering Guidelines (last edition from 2005). The systematic approach of fire safety design in constructions pointed, once again, the possibility of modular organization of this field of study, the relations between modules being established according to the objective or objectives in the fire safety design for a specified building. This article aims to put forward, from this modularized perspective, the study of the fire safety design of a building exposed to fire; hence, the practical part of the article exhibits the numerical simulation of initialization and development of the fire process for a large scale religious building. The main features of the building represent the amount of space that facilitates the spreading of smoke and warm gases and which increases the risk of damaging the structural reinforced concrete elements. Application calls to specific numerical simulation with a higher degree of credibility, such as those realized by the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulation) software.
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Castel, Arnaud, Raoul François, Maria Paola Santisi d’Avila, and Doug Jenkins. "New service limit state criteria for reinforced concrete in chloride environments." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0100.
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AbstractIn chloride environments, reinforcement stress limits, intended to control flexural cracking, are one of the most important requirements for service limit state (SLS) design. However, concrete damage at the steel-concrete interface between bending cracks, so called cover-controlled cracking, is always correlated to areas of severe steel reinforcement corrosion. Based on the assumption that cover-controlled cracking should be limited, a model has been developed to provide alternative reinforcement stress limits in marine exposure conditions such as concrete in sea water, including permanently submerged, spray zone and tidal/splash zone, as well as coastal constructions located within 1 km of the shoreline. In this paper, the new reinforcement stress limitation is compared to the Australian Standards AS3600 concrete building code and AS5100.5 concrete bridge code provisions. Analysis shows that the new model is very sensitive to the reinforcement percentage of the cross-section. As a result, the existing AS3600 and AS5100.5 code provisions are more conservative than the new limitation for lightly to normally reinforced concrete cross-section. In this case, crack width control governs the SLS design. However, for normally to heavily reinforced concrete cross-section, the new model provides more conservative results suggesting that cover-controlled cracking governs the SLS design.
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Goonewardena, Janeshka, Kazem Ghabraie, and Mahbube Subhani. "Flexural Performance of FRP-Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Beam." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040187.
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Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebar and geopolymer concrete (GPC) are relatively new construction materials that are now been increasingly used in the construction sectors. Both materials exhibit superior structural and durability properties that also make them a sustainable alternative solution. Due to the absence of any design standard for an FRP-reinforced GPC beam, it is important to validate the efficacy of available standards and literature related to other materials, e.g., FRP-reinforced conventional concrete or GPC alone. Four theories/design standards are considered for this comparison—ACI440.1R-15, CAN/CSA S806-12, parabolic stress block theory, and equivalent rectangular stress block theory for GPC under compression. The accuracy of these four approaches is also examined by studying the flexural performance of both the glass FRP (GFRP) and carbon FRP (CFRP). The FRP-reinforced beams are designed against the actual load they will be subjected to in a real-world scenario. It is concluded that parabolic stress block theory over-estimates the capacity, whereas CSA S806-12 yields the most accurate and conservative results. In addition, the flexural performance of the FRP-reinforced beams is evaluated in terms of ultimate, cracking, and service moment capacity, along with serviceable, ultimate, and residual deflection.
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Topchiy, Dmitry V., Alina S. Bolotova, Aleksey S. Vorobev, and Alevtina V. Atamanenko. "Technical rationing of the construction technology of reinforced concrete floor slabs using non-removable void formers." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 20, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2019-20-2-155-162.
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Technically sound standards of time and production standards are designed to improve production efficiency, technical and economic indicators of construction enterprises, timely commissioning of buildings and structures being erected, as well as ensuring the proper organization of workers' wages. Labor standards are used in determining the need for construction machinery and equipment, the required number of workers, and also serve as the basis for the development of network and calendar schedules that are part of the project of construction organization (PCO) and the project of construction production (PCP). Standards of time and standards for the production of most of the construction work are contained in the collections of common norms and rates and state elemental estimated norms. However, in the conditions of continuous development and introduction of new production technologies, there is a need to update and refine the existing technical regulation database. Standards of time, corresponding to the modern level of technical development and reflecting the advanced experience of workers, allow to make the right choice when analyzing the most economical ways of producing work. Definition and removal of production standards is to determine the weighted average number of working hours to perform a particular technological operation, while taking into account the conditions of production of this workflow, the numerical and qualification composition of workers.
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Yang, Fang, De Peng Lv, Hua Cao, Yan Fang Zhou, and Yu Rong Wu. "The Appraisal Example of the Reliability and Seismic Performance of a Reinforced Concrete Chimney." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2399.
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In the state that the chimney is being used, we evaluate the seismic performance of the reinforced concrete chimney on the basis of testing the tilt, mechanical properties and chemical composition, configuration of the steel and construction measures, the lining damage, the cylinder damage, the subsidiary systems and dynamic characteristics of the chimney. The results show that: For the long-term wind action, corrosion and hot action, and lower level of construction and lower design standards, the reliability of the chimney structure can’t meet the current standards requirements, and need to take appropriate measures to be reinforced; but the seismic performance of the chimney structure can meet current standards requirements.
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Luévanos Rojas, Arnulfo. "Numerical experimentation for the optimal design of reinforced rectangular concrete beams for singly reinforced sections." DYNA 83, no. 196 (April 20, 2016): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v83n196.48031.
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<p>This paper presents a model for the optimal design of reinforced rectangular concrete beams for singly reinforced sections. It develops an analytical approach to the problem, based on a criterion of minimum cost and minimum weight design with a reduced number of design variables. Representative examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the formulation in accordance with building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318S-13), including the comments on the standards. A comparison is made between the optimal design solution and current design practice for reinforced rectangular concrete beams. The optimal solution for the design of reinforced rectangular concrete beams shows clearly that significant savings can be made in the costs of the construction materials used – i.e. reinforcement steel and concrete. In addition, the problem formulation can be applied using a nonlinear mathematical programming format.</p>
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Garcez, Estela O., Muhammad I. Kabir, Mahbube Subhani, Alastair MacLeod, Andras Fehervari, Mitchell Hall, and Patrick Moulton. "Development of high strength self-compacting fibre reinforced concrete for prefabricated concrete industry." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927502011.
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Prefabricated construction is an emerging industry in Australia and considered a key mechanism to boost productivity in the construction industry. The use of fibre reinforced concrete has a huge potential in the prefabricated industry as the concrete can be delivered straight to the precast mould, eliminating in many cases the steel reinforcement, thus increasing production quotas and cost savings. Such results can be further improved by utilising self-compacting concrete reinforced with fibres. Although the use of steel fibres as reinforcement is now well established, in the precast industry thin walls and shape of the moulds can be a limitation to steel fibre as well as work health and safety concerns for handling. Under such conditions, the use of polymeric fibres can be extremely beneficial, reducing labour hours and placement time as well as improving safety. This paper reports the development of high strength self-compacting fibre reinforced concrete for application in prefabricated concrete industry, exploring the effect of Forta-Ferro and ReoShore fibres on concrete fresh and mechanical properties.
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Lehmann, Marek, and Wiesława Głodkowska. "Shear Capacity and Behaviour of Bending Reinforced Concrete Beams Made of Steel Fibre-Reinforced Waste Sand Concrete." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 2996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112996.
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Inthis paper, we report the results of our research on reinforced concrete beams made of fine aggregate fibre composite, with the addition of steel fibres at 1.2% of the composite volume. The fine aggregate fibre composite is a novel construction material, in which the aggregate used is a post-production waste. Twenty reinforced concrete beams with varying degree of shear reinforcement, in the form of stirrups with and without the addition of steel fibres, tested under loading. The shear capacity results of reinforced concrete beams made of the fine aggregate fibre composite being bent by a transversal force, as well as the cracking forces causing the appearance of the first diagonal crack, are discussed. The stages of functioning of such elements are described. Furthermore, the effect of the steel fibres on the reduction of diagonal cracking is analysed. Computation of the shear capacity of the tested elements is performed, based on the Model Code 2010 and RILEM TC-162 TDF standards, for two variants of the compression strut inclination angle θ that measured during testing, and the minimum(in accordance with the Model Code 2010 standard). We found that the SMCFT method part of Model Code 2010 showed the best compatibility with the experimental results. The tests and analyses performed demonstrate that the developed novel fibrecomposite—the properties of which are close to, or better than, those of the ordinary concrete—can be used successfully for the manufacturing of construction elements in the shear capacity aspect. The developed fine aggregate fibrecomposite could serve, in some applications, as an alternative to ordinary concrete.
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Pulyaev, I. S., and S. M. Pulyaev. "OBJECTS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE: EXPERIENCE OF SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT IN CONSTRUCTION WITHIN THE “QUALITY” CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 5 (November 2, 2019): 618–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-5-618-634.
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Introduction. The paper deals with the issues related to the implementation of the “quality” concept in the construction of reinforced concrete transport facilities linked with the scientific support during design and construction. Nowadays this problem particularly relevant in the context of the modern construction solutions, combined with the need to obtain the required properties of concrete structures and ensure the economic feasibility of construction. The aim of the research is to generalize and systematize the main methods and techniques of concrete works, which minimize the defects and cracks while the construction of transport infrastructure.Materials and methods. On the example of different technologies used in the Russian construction over last 10 years, the authors demonstrated the developed methods of obtaining high quality concrete products taking into account tested and proved modern building materials.Results. The results of the research formed the basis of the projects, technological regulations for the production, specifications and standards of organizations, guidelines. Moreover, the results also allowed implementing the concept of “quality” in transport construction based on obtaining defect-free reinforced concrete structures with specified properties, taking into account the use of modern building materials.Discussion and conclusions. The research allows carrying out construction of various massiveness and extent. The obtained results form the basis of construction technology of other industrial and civil construction objects with reinforced concrete application. The paper is interesting and useful for specialists in providing defect-free construction of reinforced concrete building structures, for engineering and technical staff. The authors dedicate the research to the memory of Professor and Doctor of Technical Sciences, A.R. Solovyanchik (1938-2019).
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Chen, Zheng Fa, and Gui Feng Liu. "The Application of Reinforced Concrete Composite Floor System of Superimposing Box and Net Beam to Zibo Athletes Apartment." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1732.
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According to the construction site of Zibo athlete apartment and the relevant standards, the structure constitution of the composite floor system, construction method and the problems that should be paid attention during construction were introduced in detail. Reinforced concrete composite floor system of superimposing box and net beam consisted of small prefabricated components- two reinforced concrete plates locating at top and bottom of the box and the cast-in-site concrete beam. This composite floor system was a whole structure of beam and plate combination, with a continuous box section. The superimposing box undertook the loads action together with the rib beam. The floor system has many advantages such as the industrial prefabricated components, stable construction quality, reduction of labor intensity in construction site and the environmental pollution, and the integral structure.
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C. M., Ikumapayi, Adeniji A. A., Obisesan A. A., Odeyemi O., and Ajayi J. A. "Effects of Carbonation on the Properties of Concrete." Scientific Review, no. 512 (December 5, 2019): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.512.205.214.
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Concrete is one of the reliable, durable, economical and acceptable construction materials among the building and construction stakeholders worldwide. Performance of concrete could be threatened especially reinforced concrete by some processes such as corrosion, sulfate attack among others. Corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete can be induced by carbonation process. Even though carbonation initiates corrosion, it has been gathered that carbonation could still be of immense benefits to building and construction industries if its mechanism of operation is understudied. This research work has therefore investigated the effect of carbonation on some selected mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes. Concrete cubes and beams of M15 grade with 0.5 % water-cement ratio were prepared and subjected to accelerated carbonation. Their compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes were determined in accordance with the relevant standards. The outcomes show that carbonation improves all the mechanical properties investigated. The use of carbonation can be positively explored in reinforced concrete provided there is adequate nominal cover.
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Zielińska, M., and K. Grębowski. "Computer-Aided Construction at Designing Reinforced Concrete Columns as Per Ec." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2015-0013.
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Abstract The article presents the authors’ computer program for designing and dimensioning columns in reinforced concrete structures taking into account phenomena affecting their behaviour and information referring to design as per EC. The computer program was developed with the use of C++ programming language. The program guides the user through particular dimensioning stages: from introducing basic data such as dimensions, concrete class, reinforcing steel class and forces affecting the column, through calculating the creep coefficient taking into account the impact of imperfection depending on the support scheme and also the number of mating members at load shit, buckling length, to generating the interaction curve graph. The final result of calculations provides two dependence points calculated as per methods of nominal stiffness and nominal curvature. The location of those points relative to the limit curve determines whether the column load capacity is assured or has been exceeded. The content of the study describes in detail the operation of the computer program and the methodology and phenomena which are indispensable at designing axially and eccentrically the compressed members of reinforced concrete structures as per the European standards.
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Rubaratuka, I. A. "Quality Control in the Construction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Dar es salaam." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i1.415.
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Quality Control in the construction industry is very important to ensure that what is being done conforms to the applicable standards or good practice and the contract documents. In this article, results of investigations conducted at different construction sites for reinforced concrete buildings in Dar es Salaam to check if quality control measures are being implemented are discussed. It has been established that generally quality control is not properly carried out. Finally, measures to enhance quality control on sites are outlined.
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Shin, Hye Kyung, Kyoung Woo Kim, A. Yeong Jeong, and Kwan Seop Yang. "Analysis of Sound Insulation Performance of Reinforce Concrete Walls between Households According to Wall Thickness Criteria in Apartments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.237.
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Sound insulation between households is properly ensured to provide a quiet residential environment in apartments. The legal requirements for sound insulation in apartments in Korea are set to meet the wall’s minimum thickness or sound insulation performance. When construction companies choose the walls that satisfy thethickness in the standards of boundary walls between households, it is difficult to know the sound insulation performance. In this study, the sound insulation performance of reinforced concrete walls is predicted according to the wall thickness criteria and analyzed through field measurements. In newly built apartments, the reinforced concrete wall’s sound insulation performance(R'w) is 56 – 66 dB, which is a similar level of the international criterion. And the sound insulation performance of the reinforced concrete wall according to thickness standards is similar to sound insulation performance standardsof Korea.
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Mfinda, Diane Amba, Hua Ma, and Zhen Bao Li. "Comparative Study of Standards EC2 ECP203 and CBA93 for the Design of a Rectangular Section." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.32.
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Because of the predominance of construction techniques, a solid knowledge of reinforced concrete principles and rules is necessary and crucial. This study focuses on a comparative studies of different sizing standards, the Euro Code 2,the Egyptian Code 203 and the Algerian Code 93 for a rectangular reinforced concrete section subjected to simple bending in limit states and is well supported on one hand by one of the determining factors in design and on the other hand by the economy and security. The comparison of sizing standards in the limit states will assist the designer in their choice of a suitable design code.
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Lee, Kang Min, Liu Yi Chen, Rui Li, Keun Yeong Oh, and Young Soo Chun. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of U Shaped Steel Plate Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.141.
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Coupling beams have been used in high-rise shear wall buildings widely, which take great advantages of high stiffness, small lateral deformation and easy to satisfy with bearing capacity. Coupling beams exhibit different performance with deep beams, which always have small depth-to-span ratio. According to current standards coupling beams shall be reinforced with two intersecting groups of diagonally placed bars symmetrical along the midspan. It's always hard to optimize construction projects. This paper used the finite element software (Abaqus) to analysis and simulate the nonlinear behavior of steel composite reinforcement and compared the results to the current standards.
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Lok, Mustafa S., and Anthony J. Lamanna. "Study of Turkish Bridge Standards Involving a Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 20, no. 3 (August 2006): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2006)20:3(274).
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Khodakov, Artem, Maksim Tochenyy, Svetlana Belyaeva, Olga Nikonova, and Leonid Pakrastinsh. "Features of Using the Russian State Standards and the Eurocodes for the Protection and Repair of Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.997.
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The corrosion is one of the main deterioration reasons of structural concrete and reinforced concrete. The corrosion is a consequence of unsatisfactory construction maintenances, poor diagnosis of defects' causes and no fracture control of concrete structures and also incorrect repair specifications and incorrect products and techniques selecting for the repair inevitably lead to the concrete structures' deterioration. The most countries are taking care to developing of the national standards for using as manuals for the protection and repair of concrete structures against corrosion to avoid these negative factors. The article authors are offering the comparative analysis of the harmonized Russian state standards and Eurocodes for the protection and repair of concrete structures against corrosion.
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Musil, Luboš, Martin Tipka, Hana Hanzlová, and Jan Vodička. "Comparison of Methods for Crack Development State for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.48.
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Fibre reinforced concrete is a composite material that is increasingly used in construction practice. An often-discussed problem regarding the fibre reinforced concrete is the crack development state and post-cracking behaviour. The paper compares the calculations done according to the Eurocode design and calculations done according to the older procedure given by ČSN standard. The calculations are also compared with the calculations done using the SCIA Engineer software. From the obtained results, the complexity of the calculation, the amount of coefficients, and the variance of value given the current standards is evident.
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Fatiha, Cherifi, Farsi Mohammed, and Kaci Salah. "Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete Frame buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902036.
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The seismic activity remains strong in the north of Algeria since no less than 30 earthquakes per month are recorded. The large number of structures built before the introduction of the seismic standards represents a high seismic risk. Analysis of damage suffered during the last earthquakes highlighted the vulnerability of the existing structures. In this study the seismic behavior of the existing buildings in Tizi-Ouzou city, located in the north of Algeria, is investigated. To make this assessment, a database was created following a building inventory based on a set of technical folders and field visits. The listed buildings have been classified into different typologies. Only reinforced concrete frame buildings are considered in this paper. The approach adopted to estimate structures damage is based on four main steps: 1) construction of capacity curves using static nonlinear method “push-over”, 2) estimate of seismic hazard, 3) determination of performance points, and finally 4) deduction of damage levels.
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Zucolli, Andressa Volpato, and Douglas Freitas Augusto dos Santos. "Comparative analysis between steel and armed concrete structures." Engineering Sciences 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2318-3055.2020.002.0005.
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The execution of a building goes through several processes and stages in order to obtain the final result and with the construction of increasingly tall and slender buildings, the analysis of the structure becomes something of extreme importance for the safety, durability and good performance of a building. With civil construction in constant technological advances, several methods are presented to improve performance and project planning. Therefore, this article aims to present comparative methods of structural modeling and design in steel and reinforced concrete construction systems. Thus, the comparison between the two structural systems occurred with the aid of the Robot Structural Analysis 2020 and Revit 2020 software, two initial models were defined, namely, model I in reinforced concrete structure and model II in steel structure. For this assessment, the properties of the materials used, costs in relation to the materials, current standards and the agents that can influence the performance of the building, parameters such as global stability, displacement of elements and moments in the studied structural system were also considered. After processing both models, the results were analyzed and compared, demonstrating which of the methods is most viable and safe for execution.
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Tvrdá, Katarína. "Probability analysis of an embedded water tank." MATEC Web of Conferences 310 (2020): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031000014.
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The design of building structures must fulfil specific regulations, in our case, different building standards, among them Eurocodes. In addition to deterministic procedures in structural design, these standards also allow probabilistic procedures. The embedded tank loaded with soil and liquid is solved by the probability analysis using ANSYS, which contains several probabilistic methods. The reinforced concrete tank is solved by the RSM probabilistic method, which uses the well-known Monte-Carlo method in the background. Input parameters (material properties of soil and reinforced concrete, load - pressure from water, geometric data - change of both wall and tank bottom thickness) are entered into the calculation with certain aberrances allowed by standards in the construction and loading of structures. The results are also sets of probabilistic variables with a certain variance, as opposed to a deterministic calculation, where only one value results. These procedures, which use statistical methods, have been at the forefront in recent decades. At the end of the paper, some results of the analysis of embedded reinforced concrete water tank (deterministic and probabilistic procedure) in state of tank failure on the second limit state are presented.
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Bedov, Anatoliy, Azat Gabitov, Askar Gaisin, Aleksandr Salov, and Anastasiia Chernova. "CAD in interdisciplinary integration as a tool to increase specialist training quality in “Construction” education." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102011.
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Subject: subject of research is characterized by the requirement to master and efficiently apply CAD tools in the teaching process for analyzing reinforced concrete structures and engineering of facilities to be built under current construction standards and regulations. Objectives: consideration and analysis of updated software applications for simulation enabling to reduce academic load and improve process of education for less period of time. Methods of teaching such subjects as “Reinforced concrete and masonry structures” and “Construction engineering” are improving together with updating of simulation software, meaning consideration of the process for problem solving in calculations, engineering and mounting of reinforced frame elements to one-storey industrial facilities. Materials and methods: scientific papers by authors of this work were used as reference literature, the article methodology is based on standards of objectivity and development, statistical level of methodological analysis was applied. Results: comprehensive description for getting modern IT learning skills in using software simulation facilities was prepared under analysis of the below mentioned materials. Problems in making 3D simulation model of a frame of a building considering facilitation for the students in their appreciation and maximum approach to actual behavior of structures were reviewed either. In the course of analysis a number of assumptions was proposed for engineering of connection between bearing elements of the frame and statistical estimation in linear statement. Conclusions: bases for calculation, engineering and mounting of reinforced concrete structures were considered therewith in accordance with present norms and regulations. Currently a problem in making simulation algorithm for 3D calculation scheme of standard frame to one-storey industrial facilities is still very important.
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Chen, Xi. "Research on Design and ANSYS of Joints between Steel Beams and Reinforced Concrete Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.244.
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Environmentally sustainable building construction has experienced significant growth during the past 10 years. The public is becoming more aware of the benefits of green construction,and green building is leading to changes in the way of owners, designers, contractors, and approach of the design, construction. A new type of frame consisting of steel beam and reinforced concrete column (RCS) installing efficient and light heat insulation wall has been presented in composite frame. The composite frame fully develops the merits of steel and concrete, and thus is reasonable and economical from both structural and construction viewpoints. The chief aim of the present work is to establish the design procedures for RCS joints based on the existing standards in china. The research has recorded valuable experimental data using the method of the nonlinear three-dimensional ANSYS finite element.The research work introduces an amended design formula,which takes account the effect of ratio of axial compression stress to strength. Some effective design suggestions are given as a reference to the structural engineer.
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Karpiuk, I., V. Karpiuk, E. Klimenko, A. Tselikova, and A. Khudobych. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH AND CALCULATED VALUES OF BEARING CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND BASALT CONCRETE BEAMS ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL DESIGN STANDARDS." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 80 (September 3, 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-43-49.
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Abstract. Non-metal composite reinforcement is increasingly being used in modern construction. Composite reinforcement is a great step forward over steel, due to its higher strength and corrosion resistance. An analysis of the use of these fittings was performed, which showed that the United States, Japan and China are leading countries in the use of composite fittings. The more active pace of implementation of composite reinforcement is limited by the fact that composite reinforcement does not have a common method for calculating their bearing capacity. That is why the article discusses regulatory documents on the calculation and design of structures reinforced with composite reinforcement from around the world. The article provides a comparative analysis of the calculations of the bearing capacity of prototypes – beams, reinforced with basalt-plastic reinforcement, according to the available design standards of foreign countries, which were among the first to use non-metallic composite reinforcement for reinforcing span concrete structures. The methods of calculating the bearing capacity of beam elements for concrete and non-metallic composite reinforcement according to regulatory documents are examined in detail. A comparative analysis of the actual bearing capacity of inclined sections of basalt concrete beams and its calculated values calculated according to the recommendations of the existing design standards of foreign countries is carried out. The analysis showed that the actual bearing capacity of the inclined sections of basalt concrete beams and its calculated value showed their unsatisfactory convergence. A common feature of all considered foreign design standards is the underestimation, up to several times, of the bearing capacity of inclined sections of prototypes ‒ beams reinforced with both steel and basalt-plastic reinforcement. It has been established that the methods for calculating the bearing capacity of supporting sections of spans of reinforced concrete and basalt concrete structures, presented in national design standards, are based not on the new general method, but on partially improved methods that were used in previously existing standards.
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Kargol, Wioleta, and Jerzy Szerafin. "The consequences of the choice of design standards for the use of material on the example of reinforced concrete flat ceiling." Budownictwo i Architektura 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2011): 035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2257.
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In connection with the unification of Polish Construction Standards with their European counterparts, which takes place after the entry of our country in the European Union structure, it’s time to replace the Polish Building Standards with Eurocode counterparts. These changes are the cause of anxiety in the designer circle, caused by changes in the procedures of design, the volume of European standards and the fear that the new standards of design produce a more economically unfavorable results. The article presents the changes by standards relevant to the design of reinforced concrete flat slab and plate sample calculation results and their analysis.
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Eid, Rami, Avi Cohen, Reuven Guma, Eliav Ifrach, Netanel Levi, and Avidor Zvi. "High-Strength Concrete Circular Columns with TRC-TSR Dual Internal Confinement." Buildings 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9100218.
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The standard requirements for transverse steel reinforcement (TSR) confinement in reinforced-concrete (RC) columns are mainly to provide the following: ductile behavior, minimum axial load capacity of the column’s core, and prevention of longitudinal bars buckling. It is well-known that the passive confinement due the TSR action is less effective in high-strength concrete (HSC) compared to normal-strength concrete (NSC). Therefore, the TSR amounts required by the standards for HSC columns are high, and in some cases, especially in the lower stories columns of high-rise buildings, are impractical. This paper presents a new construction method using textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) as internal confinement together with reduced TSR amounts. Moreover, comparison of the proposed method with RC columns casted in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) stay-in-place forms as additional external confinement, is presented. Eleven large-scale column specimens were tested under axial compression. The results give an insight on the application feasibility of the proposed construction method. It is shown that the TRC-TSR dual internal confinement action can be an option to reduce the standard required TSR amounts while maintaining similar levels of ductile behavior.
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Thamboo, Julian, Tatheer Zahra, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Mohammad Asad, and Keerthan Poologanathan. "Prospects of Developing Prefabricated Masonry Walling Systems in Australia." Buildings 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070294.
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Prefabrication has been shown to be an effective way of construction in the modern-day context. Although much progress has been made in developing reinforced concrete (RC), timber and steel prefabricated elements/structures, prefabrication of masonry walling systems has received limited attention in the past. Conventional masonry construction is labour-intensive and time-consuming; therefore, prefabrication can be an effective solution to accelerate the masonry construction to make it more cost-effective. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness of prefabricated masonry systems (PMS) in terms of their structural characteristics and sustainability perspectives in an Australian context. Subsequently, the available studies related to PMS and the prospects of developing prefabricated masonry walling systems were appraised and reported. In order to assess the applicability of PMS, a case study was carried out by designing four types of prospective prefabricated masonry walling systems for a typical housing unit in Australia. It was shown that the reinforced (RM), post-tensioned (PT) and thin layered mortared (TLM) masonry systems are better suited for prefabrication. Later, in order to assess the sustainability of the considered masonry walling systems, life cycle energy analyses were carried using the Environmental Performance in Construction (EPIC) database. It was found that there can be nearly 30% and 15% savings, respectively, in terms of energy saving and CO2 emissions in prefabricated construction than the conventional masonry construction. Finally, the prospects of developing PMS and the need for future research studies on these systems are highlighted.
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Ohama, Yoshihiko, and Ota Masahiro. "Recent Trends in Research and Development Activities of Polymer-Modified Paste, Mortar and Concrete in Japan." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.26.
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The present paper reviews the recent trends in research and development activities of polymer-modified paste, mortar and concrete in the Japanese construction industry. In Japan, the active research and development of the polymer-modified paste, mortar and concrete have been carried out for the past about 50 years, and they are nowadays used as dominant construction materials in various applications because of their high performance, multifunctionality and sustainability compared to conventional cement paste, mortar and concrete. The recent research and development activities of the polymer-modified paste, mortar and concrete are concerned with repair, strengthening or retrofitting systems for deteriorated reinforced concrete structures, liquid-applied membrane waterproofing systems, high-grade redispersible polymer powders, intelligent repair materials, and reaction to fire as repair materials in building construction. Standardization work for the polymer-modified paste, mortar and concrete has been in progress in recent years, and useful national and institutional standards have been published till now.
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Emel'yanovich, Anzhelika, Sergey Koval, and Alexander Kakorin. "Practical Aspects of Quality Management in the Construction Industry." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2019, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2019-4-3-310-317.
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The authors consider the internal and external reserves of improving the quality of products at the enterprises that produce reinforced concrete. The research objective was to study and substantiate the external and internal factors, thus improving the effectiveness of quality management. The paper focuses on the use of such tool of sustainable development as "Six Sigma", which is considered as an important factor in product quality management. The paper also features the process of certification as an external tool that can improve quality management in the construction industry. The authors justified the necessity of mandatory certification of construction products when bidding for a tender. The paper also reviews the experience of sustainable production at reinforced concrete plants. The problems of product quality in the industry are of strategic nature and can cause economic, environmental, and other negative consequences. Quality management should become compulsory in the industry since its products are designed exclusively for the domestic market. As a result, its certification according to State Standards ISO 9001 or GOST R ISO 9001 is absolutely voluntary and performs only image-making functions. As far as tenders for state orders are concerned, mandatory certification may solve the existing problems with the quality of construction work. As internal quality management tool, the concept of "Six Sigma" can be useful for concrete works.
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Statton, Peter, and Michael Salu. "Analysis, Design and Construction of Complex Concrete Structures for the Water Treatment Industry." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.581.
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The design and construction of concrete water treatment and storage structures in Australia has catered for the existing markets. The next generation of these structures needs a more sophisticated approach. Engineers who analyse and design water treatment plants, or water and liquid storage structures, as well as other complex reinforced and pre-stressed concrete structures, will find this paper of interest. Advanced water treatment plants and water factories for recycling domestic and industrial waste water have introduced new complexities into concrete tank design. Two recently constructed Australian water purifying plants provide examples of the theoretical and practical challenges of designing and constructing the large and complex process vessels required by modern plants to produce large volumes of high-quality water.
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Абакумов, Р. Г., Roman Abakumov, И. Авилова, I. Avilova, М. Абакумова, Marina Abakumova, С. Анисимов, and R. Abakumov. "ONTOLOGY OF RESEARCH EFFICIENCY AND PROSPECTS OF LARGE-PANEL AND MONOLITHIC REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL OBJECTS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 10 (November 7, 2019): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5db33b395b0bb8.51040783.
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The article is devoted to the issues of ontology, research of the effectiveness and prospects of large-panel and monolithic reinforced concrete construction of residential objects. Increasing demands on the effectiveness of multi-story housing construction determine the relevance of this study. Methodological foundations of substantiation and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of monolithic and large-panel reinforced concrete multi-story construction are considered; prospects for the development of these housing technologies are justified. The article presents an analysis of the pros and cons of monolithic and large-panel reinforced concrete multi-storey construction of residential buildings, a comparative analysis of the processes of organization and technology of construction works. The problems of large-panel and monolithic construction are ranked according to the level of their materiality, measures to improve construction technologies are proposed. The comparative analysis of cost indicators of monolithic and panel construction on the basis of the data presented in collections of standards of the price of construction is presented. The need to introduce and update the normative documentation having legal force for regulation of the basic provisions of the modern improved large-panel construction is proved. Attention is paid to the design conditions for the manufacture and installation of the monolithic and large-panel multi-storey construction of residential buildings used in the methodological approach. Cases of expediency of comparison on criterion "duration of construction" are analyzed. The article proposes an original methodological approach for evaluating the effectiveness of monolithic and large-panel construction, taking into account the conditions and nature of the uncertainty of the initial data, which will justify the choice of the most effective options for the construction of multi-storey housing construction.
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Ding, Yong Gang, Jian Qiang Wang, Xi Zhu Wang, and Wen Tao Feng. "Performance Analysis of Concrete Silo Structure Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminate." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5501.
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Due to the low design standards when constructed, limited construction materials, corrosion damage from natural environments and degeneration in normal use process, some reinforced concrete silos put up in the 1980s and 1990s are facing the troubles like decrease of bearing capacity, cracks and component damages, which are seriously affecting their normal use and bring certain security risks. Thus, the strengthening of these silos should be taken into account. In this paper, the positions that should be paid more attention when strengthened are obtained through finite element method analysis of a silo. Then the silo is strengthened with carbon fiber sheet through three different reinforcement conditions. The structure performances after being strengthened are analyzed, and the factors that affect the reinforcement effects are summarized.
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Ohtsu, Masayasu. "Quantitative AE Techniques Standardized for Concrete Structures." Advanced Materials Research 13-14 (February 2006): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.13-14.183.
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Acoustic emission (AE) techniques have been extensively applied to concrete structures. Up-dated results are currently standardized to inspect and evaluate the structures in service. Consequently, test results based on these standards are reviewed and discussed. In order to assess the damage levels of the structures, the recommended practice is proposed by the Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection. Two AE parameters of load ratio and calm ratio are defined for qualification of the damages. It is reported that damages qualified are in good agreement with actual damages of reinforced concrete members under bending. AE behavior of concrete under compression could be analyzed, applying the rate process analysis. By quantifying intact Young’s moduli of concrete from the database, relative damages of concrete in existing structures are successfully estimated. The committee on nondestructive inspection of steel-reinforced concrete structures in the Federation of Construction Materials Industries, Japan, has recently published new standards on estimation of concrete properties by elastic-wave methods. One of them is a monitoring method for active cracks in concrete by AE, which is applied to study corrosion cracking in concrete. Moment tensor analysis of AE can identify cracking kinematics of location, crack-type and crack orientation, which is implemented as SiGMA procedure. Nucleation of micro-cracking due to corrosion is identified. It is found that the mechanisms iof corrosion cracking in concrete are nearly equally of mode I, mixed-mode and mode II.
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Manalo, A. C., P. Mendis, Y. Bai, B. Jachmann, and C. D. Sorbello. "Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars for Concrete Structures: State-of-the-Practice in Australia." Journal of Composites for Construction 25, no. 1 (February 2021): 05020007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0001105.
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Morris, Hugh, Richard Walker, and Thijs Drupsteen. "Observations of the performance of earth buildings following the September 2010 Darfield earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.43.4.393-403.
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A reconnaissance survey of earth walled buildings in the Canterbury area was carried out in mid October 2010 following the Darfield Earthquake. Fifteen earth walled buildings were inspected during the survey including historic earthbuildings and recently constructed reinforced earthbuildings.
Reinforced earth houses constructed since the 1990s performed well provided the overall wall bracing was adequate and detailing of the reinforcement and connections was generally in accordance with the NZ Earth Building Standards. Several unreinforced earth buildings constructed before 1930 (or reconstructed historic buildings) suffered significant structural damage and will require reconstruction or substantial repair. Unreinforced rammed earth buildings, and reinforced cinva ram brick buildings, constructed between 1930 and 1990 with reinforced concrete foundations and bond beams and adequate overall wall bracing generally performed moderately well given the level of shaking they experienced.
Minor cracking was observed in all but one of modern houses, performance was good where reinforcement and construction complied with the New Zealand Standards. Where buildings did not comply the damage could have been prevented by following the Standards.
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Honarparast, Sara, Georges El-Saikaly, and Omar Chaallal. "Externally bonded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites for seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete coupling beams designed according to old codes." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 6 (December 2, 2018): 1412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218815609.
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A large number of existing buildings have seismic-resistant systems designed according to old code provisions. These structural systems exhibit non-ductile behavior and can present a significant risk in the case of a moderate or significant seismic event. Reinforced concrete–coupled shear walls designed to old codes and standards are among those deficient structures that need to be seismically upgraded. This article aims to investigate a new retrofitting and upgrading method using externally bonded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites for existing or/and damaged reinforced concrete coupling beams that can improve the seismic performance of them during earthquakes. To this end, an experimental test was conducted to evaluate the seismic behavior of two identical reinforced concrete–coupled shear wall specimens under reverse cyclic loading. To simulate the old existing building, the specimens were designed and constructed according to the old 1941 National Building Code of Canada with a conventionally reinforced coupling beam. One of the specimens was tested as a control, and the other was strengthened using externally bonded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites to evaluate the improvement in its seismic performance. Results show that the retrofit using externally bonded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer resulted in significant enhancement in strength and energy dissipation capacity compared to the conventionally reinforced coupling beam from the control specimen. In addition, externally bonded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer sheets resulted in much improved hysteretic and ductile behavior and in lesser strength and stiffness degradation.
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Nagy, Balázs, and Elek Tóth. "Finite Element Analysis of Composite Ceramic-Concrete Slab Constructions Exposed to Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.88.
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In this research, conjugated thermal and fluid dynamics simulations are presented on a modern hollow clay slab blocks filled pre-stressed reinforced concrete beam slab construction. The simulation parameters were set from Eurocode standards and calibrated using data from standardized fire tests of the same slab construction. We evaluated the temperature distributions of the slabs under transient conditions against standard fire load. Knowing the temperature distribution against time at certain points of the structure, the loss of load bearing capacity of the structure is definable at elevated temperatures. The results demonstrated that we could pre-establish the thermal behavior of complex composite structures exposed to fire using thermal and CFD simulation tools. Our results and method of fire resistance tests can contribute to fire safety planning of buildings.
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Shamsaei, Ezzatollah, Owen Bolt, Felipe Basquiroto de Souza, Emad Benhelal, Kwesi Sagoe-Crentsil, and Jay Sanjayan. "Pathways to Commercialisation for Brown Coal Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete in Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084350.
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Utilising geopolymer as a construction material has gained institutional and commercial interest over the past decade, due to its favourable emissions profile as an alternative to carbon-intensive Ordinary Portland Cement-based concrete, which currently accounts for around 7% of global carbon emissions. While significant research has been performed into the material properties of geopolymer, the commercialisation of the technology is still in its infancy, and several key barriers require rectification to facilitate more widespread adoption. This article analyses the current state of geopolymer commercialisation, paying particular attention to its commercial application in Australia, and it suggests key research areas, in particular relating to the utilisation of abundant and cheap low-quality fly ash sources such as brown coal-based fly ash, to promote its adoption and build on the momentum gained from the small scale in situ pours of geopolymer concrete. Our analysis indicated that in addition to the barriers relating to material properties, economic, social, and regulatory issues also require further inquiry. Our review also indicated that it is critical to update and improve economic analysis of geopolymer utilisation to forecast future costs of both geopolymer and concrete mixes, which are especially critical in determining any potential financial incentives for the construction industry. Moreover, it is essential to study the social attitudes affecting future geopolymer consumption and to update the regulatory standards governing geopolymer utilisation in Australia, such as the initial steps undertaken by the Low Carbon Living Cooperative Research Centre. Based on this review, it is suggested that solving these key issues would help proliferate geopolymer technology and further aid efforts to create a more environmentally sustainable construction industry.
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Mailyan, L. R., S. A. Stel'makh, and E. M. Shcherban'. "CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF BUILDING STRUCTURES CONSIDERING THE VARIATION OF THE STRUCTURE, SECTIONS AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS." Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, no. 2(50) (May 21, 2021): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.50.2.001.
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Statement of the problem. The increasing volumes of construction require new technological, structural and design solutions for reinforced concrete elements. Centrifugation, being a promising production technology, leads to variatropic - differing in their characteristics (density, strength, deformability, etc.) in the section of concretes and structures made of them. In many cases, this must be taken into account in the calculation and design, but such studies have practically not been carried out. Therefore, when calculating and designing building structures of a variatropic structure, an unreasonably large margin of safety is usually laid, which leads to their strong rise in price. In the design standards and scientific literature, there are no theoretical and practical methods for calculating centrifuged reinforced concrete building structures, taking into account the variability of the structure and characteristics of concrete over the section. Separate data have confirmed the efficiency of centrifugation, but it is not yet possible to fully use its advantages due to the lack of accounting for structure variability in existing calculation methods. Results and conclusions. As a result of the review and analysis, the vectors of development and directions of future research have been identified, which consist in studying the work of steel-reinforced concrete centrifuged and vibro-centrifuged compressed elements using fiber-reinforcing fibers. It is proposed to improve the manufacturing technology and calculation methods for a complete and comprehensive study of such an undoubtedly interesting and unique phenomenon as the variatropy of the structure of concrete of building structures.
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Dąbek, Anna, Natalia Dyś, Katarzyna Wyszyńska, Ilona Zaniuk, and Jerzy Szerafin. "Protection of constructions of the buildings against accidental actions." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 4 (December 11, 2013): 051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1961.
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In accordance with the requirements of construction standards, building structures should be designed taking into account their protection against accidental actions, such as gas explosions or car accidents. The current standards are largely inconclusive and quite enigmatic, there is also a deficiency in literature studies describing the issue. The article presents the basic procedures of design of the reinforced concrete buildings, including the requirements of the PN-EN 1991-1-7:2008 and the results of the calculations and analysis for a sample flat slab, whose structure meets the requirements of protection against the phenomenon of progressive collapse.
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Saim, Mohamed. "The Effectiveness of Sustainable Construction Materials by Using U-Shaped Composite Spacer Block (UCop)." Journal of Engineering and Science Research 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jesr.2019.1.2.
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Nowadays in construction development, the needs of construction materials that have a unique reinforced concrete design with good quality, reasonable market price, and easy installation techniques has been prioritized. Therefore, this study aimed to produce an alternative new construction material that can fulfill the requirements. The U-shaped composite spacer block (UCop) through the production of Cement Bonded Particle Board (CBPB) as a specimen block was produced from the wood waste of carpentry work combined with Shorea spp. (Seraya red and white) particle size approximately 0.4mm - 2.00 mm. Then it was mixed together with Portland cement by using a ratio 1:2.5. The mixture was then added with Ammonia Chloride (Al2SO4) and Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) act as additives for this product. The physical and mechanical tests were conducted in this study. The results were showed that the thickness expansion was achieved an average of 1.79 %, which was passed the minimum requirement of MS934:1986 standards. However, the flexural strength did not meet the minimum standards. The poor mixing technique was attributed to the results. However, UCop still could contribute as an alternative solution in ease the concrete pouring process using a special binder, giving the spacer block any resistance to formwork of columns or beams is filled with concrete. The high-impact innovations of this product in construction such as it can help the process to be more efficient and to reduce construction costs, next indirectly preserve the nature.
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Guadagnuolo, Mariateresa, Alfonso Donadio, Anna Tafuro, and Giuseppe Faella. "Experimental Behavior of Concrete Columns Confined by Transverse Reinforcement with Different Details." Open Construction & Building Technology Journal 14, no. 1 (August 24, 2020): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802014010250.
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Introduction: Most of the existing reinforced concrete buildings often have columns with poor transverse reinforcement details. Models for computing the confined concrete strength were developed using experimental tests performed on specimens with transverse reinforcement typical of seismic design. The paper presents the results of an experimental program performed to investigate the effect of type, amount and pitch of transverse reinforcement on the behavior of confined concrete. Aim: The paper is also aimed at evaluating whether the current code models are suitable for estimating the confined strength of concrete in existing buildings. Methods: A total of 45 reinforced concrete columns with four volume ratios of transverse reinforcement were tested under axial loads. Type and pitch of transverse reinforcement typical of existing r/c buildings not designed according to seismic standards were considered. Therefore, columns reinforced by spiral and hoops with 135° or 90° hooks at the end are investigated for comparing their behavior. The confinement of spirals and hoops to core concrete is discussed as the amount of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement varies. Small increases in strength due to the concrete confinement were measured for hoop pitch of 150 mm (ranging between 2% and 7%), but also for hoops with 90° hook and pitch of 75 mm. Greater increments were obtained by spirals and hoops with 135° hook in the case of 75 mm pitch and when rhomboidal hoops or cross-ties were arranged in addition to the perimeter hoops. A comparison with some similar experimental results is also performed, achieving quite similar results. The mean experimental stress-strain curves are also analyzed. Results: The results show how the increase in concrete strength due to the confinement is more dependent on the transverse reinforcement pitch than the type and detail of transverse reinforcement or even less diameter of longitudinal bars. Finally, the experimental strength of confined concrete is then compared with the values provided by Eurocode 8 and the new Italian Building Code, showing that the higher the volumetric percentage of transverse reinforcement, the greater the overestimation of code models. Conclusion: An overestimation of codes up to 30% is assessed, systematically lower in the case of spirals, and higher in the case of hoops with 90° hooks at the end. The results highlight the need to develop specific equations to determine the strength increase due to the concrete confinement in the case of existing buildings with poor transverse reinforcement.
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Rico, Saul, Roshanak Farshidpour, and Fariborz M. Tehrani. "State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Masonry." Advances in Civil Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8078346.
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Masonry construction is the most widely used building method in the world. Concrete masonry is relatively low in cost due to the vast availability of aggregates used within the production process. These aggregate materials are not always reliable for structural use. One of the principal issues associated with masonry is the brittleness of the unit. When subject to seismic loads, the brittleness of the masonry magnifies. In regions with high seismic activity and unspecified building codes or standards, masonry housing has developed into a death trap for countless individuals. A common approach concerning the issue associated with the brittle characteristic of masonry is addition of steel reinforcement. However, this can be expensive, highly dependent on skillfulness of labor, and particularly dependent on the quality of available steel. A proposed solution presented in this investigation consists of introducing steel fibers to the lightweight aggregate concrete masonry mix. Previous investigations in the field of lightweight aggregate fiber-reinforced concrete have shown an increase in flexural strength, toughness, and ductility. The outcome of this research project provides invaluable data for the production of a ductile masonry unit capable of withstanding seismic loads for prolonged periods.
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Maleki Toulabi, Hossein, Mojtaba Hosseini, and Kamran Rahim Of. "Technical Evaluation of Integrated Wall and Roof Formwork System and Its Comparison with Ordinary Concrete Building Construction Method." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309102.
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Nowadays, the development of construction industry is one of the development indices of countries. On the other hand, development of construction industry is more urgent than ever with increased population and consequently, increased desire for urbanization. Considering the inadequacy of traditional and conventional systems for mass housing production, the approach to use modern industrial methods of building along with new technology and observance of the latest technical standards is critical. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare construction method of reinforced concrete cast in-situ walls and slabs with the conventional method of constructing concrete structures using MSP software. Studies show that the integrated wall and ceiling molding technique has been used since the late 1970s in the construction of high-rise residential towers. Currently, integrated wall and ceiling molding system is used as one of the methods in the construction of buildings with load-bearing wall and concrete ceiling. This method brings about improvements in quality, earthquake resistance, reduced run-time, reduced cost, quick return on investment, saving on materials consumption, reduced labor, eco-friendliness, sustainability and longer durability, reduced resource consumption, integrated structure, fire resistance, high flexibility, and employee safety.
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Achillopoulou, Dimitra, and Athanasios Karabinis. "Proposed Model of Predicting the Reduced Yield Axial Load of Reinforced Concrete Columns Due to Casting Deficiency Effect." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tvsb-2014-0015.
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Abstract The study deals with the investigation of the effect of casting deficiencies- both experimentally and analytically on axial yield load or reinforced concrete columns. It includes 6 specimens of square section (150x150x500 mm) of 24.37 MPa nominal concrete strength with 4 longitudinal steel bars of 8 mm (500 MPa nominal strength) with confinement ratio ωc=0.15. Through casting procedure the necessary provisions defined by International Standards were not applied strictly in order to create construction deficiencies. These deficiencies are quantified geometrically without the use of expensive and expertise non-destructive methods and their effect on the axial load capacity of the concrete columns is calibrated trough a novel and simplified prediction model extracted by an experimental and analytical investigation that included 6 specimens. It is concluded that: a) even with suitable repair, load reduction up to 22% is the outcome of the initial construction damage presence, b) the lower dispersion is noted for the section damage index proposed, c) extended damage alters the failure mode to brittle accompanied with longitudinal bars buckling, d) the proposed model presents more than satisfying results to the load capacity prediction of repaired columns.
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Hanggara, Dicky, and Anil Christopher Wijeyewickrema. "Vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Indonesia subjected to tsunami inundation forces." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2019-0062.
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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the vulnerability of typical low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings located in Indonesia subjected to tsunami loading. Design/methodology/approach The vulnerability of typical three-story RC buildings located in Indonesia subjected to tsunami loading is discussed using fragility curves. Buildings without openings in all stories and buildings with openings in the first story are considered. The fragility curves are obtained by performing tsunami pushover analysis for several load cases, using different tsunami load estimation standards and references. The generalized linear method is used as a curve fitting method to construct the fragility curves. Findings The fragility curves show that the three-story RC buildings without openings in all stories subjected to tsunami loading have a high probability of collapse. Openings in the first story will reduce the vulnerability of the buildings. Originality/value Fragility curves are obtained by carrying out tsunami pushover analysis to evaluate the vulnerability of typical three-story RC buildings located in Indonesia. The results of this study show the need to include tsunami loads in the design code for Indonesian buildings and the benefits of having openings in the first story of the building.
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Kaplan, H., H. Bilgin, S. Yilmaz, H. Binici, and A. Öztas. "Structural damages of L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2010): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-499-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. On 6 April 2009 an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred in L'Aquila city, Italy. In the city center and surrounding villages many masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) buildings were heavily damaged or collapsed. After the earthquake, the inspection carried out in the region provided relevant results concerning the quality of the materials, method of construction and the performance of the structures. The region was initially inhabited in the 13th century and has many historic structures. The main structural materials are unreinforced masonry (URM) composed of rubble stone, brick, and hollow clay tile. Masonry units suffered the worst damage. Wood flooring systems and corrugated steel roofs are common in URM buildings. Moreover, unconfined gable walls, excessive wall thicknesses without connection with each other are among the most common deficiencies of poorly constructed masonry structures. These walls caused an increase in earthquake loads. The quality of the materials and the construction were not in accordance with the standards. On the other hand, several modern, non-ductile concrete frame buildings have collapsed. Poor concrete quality and poor reinforcement detailing caused damage in reinforced concrete structures. Furthermore, many structural deficiencies such as non-ductile detailing, strong beams-weak columns and were commonly observed. In this paper, reasons why the buildings were damaged in the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy are given. Some suggestions are made to prevent such disasters in the future.