Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reinforced concrete pillars

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Reinforced concrete pillars'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reinforced concrete pillars"

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Šimek, Ondřej, Miloš Zich, Miloslav Janda, Petr Daněk, and Radim Nečas. "Testing of the Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Pillars." Solid State Phenomena 309 (August 2020): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.309.234.

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The subject of the article is the introduction of the results of the first series of tests of precast reinforced concrete pillars. These are the pillars simulating parts of walls that can, for example, form in the precast wall of residential buildings after an opening has been carved. The pillars are variously reinforced: from the simple reinforcement with wire mesh, to the reinforcement with standard reinforcement bars. Depending on the type of reinforcement and the type of loading, the deformation and tension of the individual pillars are studied. All of the pillars failed due to local compression of the concrete, a transversal tensile failure occurred in all cases.
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Čech, Jindřich, Jiří Kolísko, Petr Tej, Petr Pokorný, and Alena Kohoutkova. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of I-Pillars of Noise Barriers Made of Prestressed Steel Fiber Concrete, Prestressed Concrete and Reinforced Concrete with Footings Length of 600 mm." Key Engineering Materials 709 (September 2016): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.709.105.

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This paper deals with the experimental testing and theoretical analysis of the flexural load-bearing capacity of I-shaped pillars in noise barriers made of reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and prestressed steel fiber reinforced concrete. The pillars were loaded as a cantilever under a flexural load, which corresponds to their actual loading when the effect of wind on the panels of the noise barrier is taken into account. For the purpose of the present research, three specimens of I-pillars were tested. The results of the experimental loading tests, as well as the calculated results and the comparison between them, are herein presented.
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Šimek, Ondřej, Miloš Zich, Miloslav Janda, and Radim Nečas. "The Influence of Various Types of Reinforcement of the Concrete Pillars of Precast Walls with an Opening." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.94.

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The subject of the article is a comparison of the precast reinforced concrete pillars with different types of reinforcement. These are the pillars simulating parts of walls that can, for example, form in the precast wall of residential buildings after an opening has been carved. The pillars are variously reinforced: from the simple reinforcement with wire mesh to the reinforcement with standard reinforcement bars. Behavior of the pillars, that have been subjected to two types of experiments in the past, is verified by software for non-linear analysis for concrete structures. Depending on the types of loading, the ultimate limit state, deformation and stress state of the individual pillars are studied.
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Trapko, Tomasz, Michał Musiał, and Andrzej Ubysz. "Failure of pillar of sports and entertainment hall structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 146 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814602008.

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This paper deals with the failure of one of the sports and entertainment halls in Poland. The facility was built in the years 1977-85. Its main load-bearing members were three-hinged double-sloped frames with a total span of 45 m. The main girders of the frames were made of glued-laminated timber. The girders rest on reinforced concrete pillars. Because of the considerable expansion forces the facility was founded on concrete padstones. In the summer of 2016 one of the reinforced concrete pillars was found to have failed. It was established that the failure condition was mainly due to construction errors. A way of strengthening all the pillars with additional RC members was proposed.
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Polskoy, Petr, Sergey Georgiev, Viktor Muradyan, and Aleksandr Shilov. "The deformability of short pillars in various loading options and external composite reinforcement." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602026.

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The test results on deformation and rigidity of short compressed reinforced concrete pillars with various types of external transverse and longitudinal composite reinforcement are given. The samples from heavy concrete with design strength class B30-35 were tested, having the same cross-section 250x125 (h) mm and length 1200mm with flexibility λh = 10. The pillars were reinforced with 4Ø12A500 in the longitudinal direction and with tied clamps Ø6B500, installed with the step of 180 mm - in the transverse direction. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of the rigidity of reinforced elements on the deformability of short experimental samples. It was necessary to determine how the eccentricity of the load application influences on the variation in the rigidity of the reinforced elements. The purpose was also to obtain data on the deformability of pillars loaded with small eccentricities, i.e. when e0 = 0.16h. It was found that the most effective type for short pillars reinforcement is a three-layer holder, which has maximum rigidity and minimal deformability. However, its efficiency gradually decreases when the eccentricity of the load application increases.
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Phulara, Nav Raj, and Jagadish Bhattarai. "Assessment on Corrosion Damage of Steel Reinforced Concrete Structures of Kathmandu Valley Using Corrosion Potential Mapping Method." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i2.27640.

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Present study is focused to investigate the corrosion damage conditions of steel reinforced twenty eight different types of the concrete structure samples from Kathmandu valley using a non-destructive technique of the corrosion potential mapping (CPM) method in accordance with ASTM C876-91 Standards. It is found from the present assessment that the building roof of public owners house, hume pipes and building pillars used in Kathmandu valley are generally under the low risk of reinforced steel corrosion in these concrete structures, that is, less than 10 % probability of the corrosion damage, although the fencing pillars and the roof slabs of different office buildings are found to be high risk of reinforced steel corrosion damage, that is, more than 90 % probability of corrosion damage among twenty eight concrete structures.
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Mailyan, Dmitry, and Darya Bogomazyuk. "Innovative methods of strengthening reinforced concrete structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604068.

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The article considers some of the most innovative methods of reinforced concrete compressed elements: strengthening of elements with the help of pre-compressed longitudinal reinforcing elements, strengthening by means of concrete padding device, of low strength concrete, to strengthen the elements by biaxial transverse compression of concrete and method is to strengthen the elements with a pre-stretched diagonal reinforcement. The test results on deformation and rigidity of compressed reinforced concrete pillars are given. For each variant of rack reinforcement, depending on their flexibility and the relative eccentricity of the external force, the most technologically and economically feasible method of amplification is proposed.
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Lazarevska, Marijana, Milos Knezevic, and Meri Cvetkovska. "Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Prognostic Modeling of Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Pillars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.856.

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Artificial neural networks can be used for building prognostic models of various engineering problems. This paper presents an example of how we can predict the time of fire resistance based on the given experimental and numerical results. The analyses concerning the behavior of the reinforced-concrete construction elements during the standard fire, together with the basic theoretical information and detailed problem description, as well as the graphical curves for the fire resistance of the reinforced-concrete pillars, are given in the doctoral theses of Prof. Cvetkovska [3]. Using the concepts of artificial neural networks and the results of the performed numerical analyses as input parameters we made the prediction model for determination of the time of fire resistance of reinforced-concrete pillars. The neural network generated excellent results which will be presented further below in this paper.
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Holčapek, Ondřej, Jan Machovec, and Pavel Reiterman. "Strengthening of Masonry Pillars by Textile Reinforced Concrete Wrapping of Different Thickness." Materials Structures Technology 1, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31448/mstj.01.02.2018.42-49.

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Chmielewski, R., A. Baryłka, and J. Obolewicz. "Analysis of design solutions for strengthening the load-bearing structure of a building for further safe use." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 104 (January 1, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8481.

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Purpose: The article present issues related to strengthening the supporting structure of swimming pool in a primary school building paying special attention to the damaged reinforced concrete pillars of supports. Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of design solutions strengthening the supporting structure of the building for further safe use. Findings: Engineers noticed multiple cracks and deformations in rebar while performing on-site verification. Three posts (pillars) were damaged in the basement rooms and needed repair. Research limitations/implications: Structural elements of building structures wear out over time and cause damage that requires repair. The scope of repair works should be designed and carried out in accordance with applicable law. Practical implications: The solution, which has been designed in great detail, allows the building to continue working without the risk of damaging the structure. Originality/value: Due to the scale of damage to the reinforced concrete columns in the basement of the building, it was necessary to protect the facility against a construction failure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reinforced concrete pillars"

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Cherem, Marcello. "Contribuição ao estudo dos pilares com seção transversal em formato geométrico de \'L\' considerando a não-linearidade física e geométrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-23052011-113436/.

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Pilares de edifícios estão sempre submetidos à flexão composta oblíqua. Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar, em seções transversais com formato geométrico de L, os resultados obtidos por dois métodos de cálculo: a) Integração numérica na qual, para cada direção principal, são utilizadas curvaturas reais obtidas de diagramas momentocurvatura de cada seção, sendo os efeitos de segunda ordem calculados considerando a flexão composta oblíqua; b) Integração numérica na qual, para cada direção principal é utilizada uma rigidez secante, obtida a partir dos momentos resistentes do ELU, sendo os efeitos de segunda ordem calculados ignorando-se a direção ortogonal. 2.248 seções transversais foram analisadas. Cada uma foi solicitada de 192 maneiras diferentes. A conclusão é de que o procedimento descrito no item b pode ser utilizado com segurança, desde que se utilize uma rigidez secante reduzida em 10%.
The columns of buildings are always subject to oblique bending. This study compares, in geometric L shaped cross sections, the results obtained using two calculation methods: a) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, the actual curvatures obtained from moment-curvature relationships of each section are used, calculating the second-order effects considering the oblique bending; b) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, a secant stiffness is used, obtained from the moments resistances of ULS, calculating the second-order effects ignoring the orthogonal direction. 2.248 cross sections were analyzed. Each one was solicited in 192 different ways. The conclusion is that the procedure described in item b can be safely used, provided a secant stiffness reduced to 10% is used.
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Roudný, Tomáš. "Statické řešení věžového vodojemu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265366.

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The work deals with design of load-bearing structure of watertower. The solution include design and assessment of all main parts of watertower according to ČSN EN 1992 in the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state (crack limitation).
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Vymazal, Jakub. "Monolitický vícepodlažní stěnový objekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227273.

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Final thesis with tittle: "Monolithic multi-storey wall building" is processeed as a project documentation according to valid assesment. The object is located in the city of Boskovice, 35 Hybešova street. Its ground plan dimensions are 52,8m x 12,5m. Total height of object is 22,3m including roof-wall, measured from the level of base chink. There are enclosed balconies on the south direction. Movement between floors is ensured by 2-flighted stairs. Object is It is made of reinforced concrete. It is designed as 6-floor bulding with a flat roof. The main supporting construction is created by system of walls and reciprocally asigned ceilings, which are sticked together. Walls are designed as pillars. The building is assigned to a belt bases. Module dimensions are 8,7m in longitudinal direction and 5,2m in transversal direction. Height dimension is 3,0m. The thesis is dealing with the 1st upper floor.
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Čairović, Dorde. "Železobetonová konstrukce obytného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226428.

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The master thesis is aimed for design and assessment of main bearing segments of reinforced concrete structure of apartment block: monolithic reinforced concrete slab over the second floor, foundation slab, stairway slab, pillar and wall beam. Constituent part of the thesis is also drawing documentation of reinforcement of selected segments. Calculation of the internal forces is made at graphical software system Scia Engineer.
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Kotík, Libor. "Konstrukce sila na cukr." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227611.

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The matter of this thesis is static design and examination of prestressed storage tank to 50000 tons of sugar. Computational model of the steel roof structure is processed and its effect on the silos. Loads is provided of sugar. Optimal design is performed and assessment ultimate and serviceability limit state reinforced concrete and prestressing horizontal silo wall including local load. Next, it is performed the design of a reinforced concrete of the plane bed and column and assessment at the ultimate limit state. The thesis is also drawing documentation, technical report and visualization of construction process. The aim of this work is to the design of the main components based on the required storage capacity tank, mechanical properties of the stored material and technical amenities.
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Štramberský, Martin. "Návrh předpjaté nádrže." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226967.

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The matter of this diploma thesis is a static storage tank for petroleum substances, the study of a solution for appropriate shape of shell and its effort to dihedral for roofing, and the study of effect of the storage of inner roofs walls of the tank to the size of the internal forces. The internal walls are carried out by the method of finite elements in the engineering program Scia Engineering 2013 and on the basis of it, designing of the framing sections of the tank. There is a calculation part of the lower horizontal bias wreaths of the shell and internal supporting wall. All the components are assessed on the 1st limit state of the load-bearing capacity and the 2nd limit state of the application (emergence cracks, limiting voltage in the concrete and a prestressing steel). The existing external wall is assessed only on the marginal status load of carrying capacity. The part of diploma thesis is also drawing documentation, accompanying report and technical report. The goal of the diploma thesis was to design the tank without an occurrence of the cracks in the concrete so as the vertical wall was prestressing only in the horizontal direction and the optimal proposal roof tanks as an addition.
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Výborný, Václav. "Příprava realizace polyfunkčního domu v Pardubicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240493.

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The main contens of the thesis is solving a construction-technological project substructure and the upper shell construction of a polyfunctional building in Pardubice. Excavation and foundation work are done in section A and B1 and B2. Drilled piles are foundation of a polyfunctional building. Drilled piles are support of reinforced concrete grillage, which are from strips foundation and foundation pads. Cast-in-place concrete frame is a form of load-bearing structure, which contens plate ceilings, pillars and walls. Peripheral masonry is from hellow clay blocks, which are between cast-in-place concrete frame. Diploma thesis includes technical report, plan of building side, schedule and the budget of the building, technological instructions, radon prevent, control and testing plan, safety, balance resources, selected constructional details, machinery composition, bill of quantities.
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Tsai, Tsung-Hsien, and 蔡宗憲. "Low-Frequency Acoustic Emission Method is Applied to the Drawing Damage to Reinforced Concrete Pillars." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85004801907960148506.

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碩士
中華大學
土木工程學系碩士班
100
Most buildings in Taiwan (such as houses and bridges) are based on the reinforced concrete structural system mainly because of easy access of materials and higher building stability. The reinforced concrete structure consists of two materials (reinforcing steel and concrete) with different properties. The contact surface between these two materials can generate better bond strength thus leading to consistent deformation and better exploitation of all material properties. As for the structures constructed by using reinforcing steel and concrete, the bond strength which cannot be fully utilized is an indication that the interior of the building has already been damaged, and the damage may prevent this building from protecting the safety of life and property. The earlier we are aware of the status of interior damage, the earlier we can estimate the timing of building collapse or conduct repair and renovation construction projects. In this study we use the “Acoustic emission technology” to locate the source of acoustic emission resulted from stress-induced damage within reinforced concrete pillars, such that we can locate the damage by analyzing this source of acoustic emission. The acoustic emission technology is a kind of non-destructive testing technology based on the principle of acoustic signal generated when an object suffers stress damage. The LabVIEW graphic control program compiled in this study can be used to analyze acoustic emission signals and position the location of damage. In this study we investigate the relationship between the source of acoustic emission and the location of damage in order to further understand the mechanism of damage to the reinforced concrete structure. Therefore, this study can be used to effectively monitor the damage behavior within the structure which cannot be observed by naked eyes. Based on the conclusion of this study, we find that the wave velocity testing program can be used to measure the wave velocities of acoustic emission signals in concrete samples with different sizes of reinforcing steels. After the wave velocity has been measured, the positioning calculation of acoustic emission source can be conducted through the composed signal analysis system based on the received acoustic emission signals, and by analyzing the positioning result of acoustic emission source we can find the location of structural damage and thus achieve the purpose of monitoring. Based on test results we realize that the acoustic emission technology can be used to analyze the relationship between acoustic emission source and the location of structural damage. In practice, this technology can be used for monitoring the buildings with on-going construction, or damaged buildings which can still be used. In cases of huge earthquakes or wind disasters, this application can allow us to immediately know whether or not the building is damaged, and to evacuate people as soon as possible in order to achieve the most effective life and property protection.
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Conference papers on the topic "Reinforced concrete pillars"

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Kruszka, Leopold, and Ryszard Chmielewski. "Design analysis of strengthening a damaged supporting structure in a swimming pool building." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.121.

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The issue of strengthening the supporting structure of the swimming pool building, with a special attention on damaged reinforced concrete pillars in the sub-pool, is presented. The technical condition of those pillars in the basement of the swimming pool was defined as the risk of structural collapse. Numerous cracks and the occurrence of deformation of reinforcing bars were noticed. Three columns were damaged in basement rooms. First of all, the cause of damage was determined. The actual load carrying capacity of the built pillars was checked. To this aim, the geometry of the columns was checked first and the actual strength class of built-in concrete. It was found that all columns were made of concrete of the same strength class and good homogeneity of concrete, but this concrete did not meet the standard requirements as a construction material for reinforced concrete structures. The new supporting structure was designed in the form of four-leg cross-sections made of an isosceles angle profile. Due to structural damage, an additional safety factor was adopted, increasing the total load per pillar by 50%. This approach took into account the possible redistribution of loads in the building structure that occurred as a result of damages.
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Melo, Sávio Torres, Gilberto Gomes, and José Neres da Silva Filho. "Analytical and Numerical Study of Second Order Effects on Pillars of Bridges in Reinforced Concrete Using Finite Element Method." In XXXVIII Iberian-Latin American Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering. Florianopolis, Brazil: ABMEC Brazilian Association of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cilamce2017-0434.

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Quadrato, Vito. "Reinforced concrete prototypes for the factory in Italy (1950-1975). The architectural expressive machines." In 8º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 8. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab8.2018.7608.

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The relationship between architectural expressiveness and concrete formal structure was the leitmotif of the Italian structuralism in the second post-war two decades. The design of industrial structures radicalized this relationship because of the nature of the production processes that imposed to the architect the dimension of standardisation, repetition and economy of means. This approach reduced the distance between architectural form and informal building. This research aims to show how this condition transforms the idea of design process by some Italian authors, in the restricted field of reinforced-concrete structures for industry. The architectural form becomes a process that includes all the aspects of the project: the technological content (cooling, ventilation and water-drainage systems), the economic side, the engineering start up. In this way, the project of industrial structures is an outcome of the components design, constituted by structural elements (pillars, beams, desk boards), and controlled by the project of a structural bay, as a device for the design process. In this sense, the proposed paper shows the research on the Kodak factory in Marcianise by Aldo Favini and Gianluigi Gh. as a paradigm of this phenomenon. The paper illustrates how the hollow structural form of the elements addresses the problem of the technological content in the architectural design, showing morphological- structural models that isolates the bay as a design device. This aspect defines a specific quality of the industrial prototypes, developed through the professional partnership between the architect and the engineer. The knowledge about this kind of industrial prototypes is useful on one hand to admit these building as an Italian historical heritage that needs to be preserved, on the other hand to understand how it is possible transform these buildings through a new adaptive reuse.
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Alves, Ricardo Valeriano, Mayra Soares Pereira Lima Perlingeiro, and Flávia Moll de Souza Judice. "Structural Restoration and Reinforcement of Desengano Bridge." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1584.

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<p>The Desengano bridge, with 11 spans and 171.5 meters in length, transverses the Paraíba do Sul River between the cities of Vassouras and Valença in the State of Rio de Janeiro and was part of the Dom Pedro II Railroad (EFDPII). The bridge has exceptional historical value because it is one of the very first metallic structures built in Brazil and was inaugurated in 1865 by Emperor D. Pedro II himself. The bridge, originally made up of three lines of stringers, supports a railroad and a carriageway. In this century, one of the stringer lines was removed to make room for the modern railway bridge supported by the original pillars. The two remaining stringer lines, with a reinforced concrete slab, were intended for road traffic. The objective of this work is to present the particulars of the restoration and structural reinforcement completed in 2017 on the roadway. A physical- chemical analysis revealed that the metallic structure is composed of wrought iron whose brittle nature prevents the use of welded connections. The slab of reinforced concrete, with carbonation and corrosion problems, was submitted to an alkalinization process. The entire superstructure was suspended for leveling and installation of elastomeric bearings. The careful removal of specific rivets made screw connections possible for structural reinforcement. The nine arch spans were reinforced with a new bracing system, Dywidag bars arranged parallel to the original rods, and tensioned by indirect prestressing. The two lattice girder spans were reinforced with monostrand tendons prestressed just below the lower flange. The recovery of steel areas, lost through corrosion, was accomplished by concrete adhesion. The reinforced structural elements were designed so as not to affect the architecture of the historical patrimony.</p>
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Tran, Nhu-Cuong, Charles Toulemonde, François Beaudouin, Christian Meuwisse, Nicolas Schmitt, Abderrazzaq El-Yazidi, Alexis Courtois, Yves Genest, and Sylvain Moriceau. "Innovative Methodology of Ranking Cooling Towers Based on Structural Safety Margin." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67596.

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EDF operates 28 natural draft cooling towers in nuclear power plants. The ageing of their atmospheric cooling tower shells is periodically monitored. Proactive maintenance strategies require ranking the towers according to the risk of failure and the observed damage. The ranking includes all sorts of monitoring data acquired at the plant: foundation settlements, material properties, quantified crack patterns, shell deformation and meteorological data... This combined ranking rely on two pillars: a ranking of the towers based on their shell surface faults observed on-site and another ranking based on their safety margin in terms of structural behavior. The aim of this paper is to present the second pillar of the ranking. The objective of the methodology is to calculate for each tower a failure quantitative risk index based on failure analysis of reinforced concrete. It includes three modules: a mechanical module which is the core module, an ageing module considering the carbonation and corrosion and a decisional module allowing ranking towers. Putting all towers on a ranking scale based on their global risk index allowing decision-maker to optimize their cooling tower maintenance program.
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Novák, Balthasar, Vazul Boros, and Jochen Reinhard. "Strengthening strategies of highway viaducts in Germany." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0245.

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<p>An entire generation of reinforced concrete highway bridges built in the post-war period in Germany meanwhile is approaching the end of their service life. The federal government and regional highway administrations have realized the need to repair, strengthen or to replace these structures and engage in extensive infrastructural investments to meet this challenge. It is not possible to replace those bridges in a short period, so that a guideline for reassessment of bridges has been developed to enable to prioritize the structures. Besides the replacement of the bridges, measures need to be taken in order to extend the lifespan of the decaying bridges until such replacement becomes available. Using the examples of four major highway viaducts near Frankfurt/Main and Hamburg efficient strategies to strengthen existing structures will be presented.</p><p>In the first example the efficient usage of external tendons to reduce the danger of a fatigue induced failure of a 50 years old prestressed concrete bridge will be presented.</p><p>A bridge of five spans with a total length of approximately 300 m showing inadequate shear resistance has been enhanced by installing inclined steel struts at the pillars. The struts are activated with a predefined force by built-in hydraulic jacks, while special spring elements used as supports reduce the effect of imposed deformations. Furthermore in critical areas of the webs additional shear reinforcement is mounted and subsequently covered by a concrete layer.</p><p>Another large viaduct was showing signs of fatigue at the coupling joints. A detailed analysis of the structure revealed, that the lifespan could be sufficiently prolonged by supporting the critical coupling joints with a predetermined force. The magnitude of the force is maintained constant by a balanced beam resembling a seesaw, which is mounted on a steel tower and fitted at its opposite end with counterweights.</p><p>The final example shows how to apply controlled uplift forces using an elastic bedded supporting beam construction.</p><p>These realized examples demonstrate, how with smart and intelligent measures critical bridges can be strengthened and an essential increase in lifespan can be achieved.</p>
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Xu, Hejun, Fan Zhu, Yuhui Wang, Chuxian Zhang, and Xi Han. "Analysis of a kind of bearing capacity of reinforced concrete hollow pillar compression and construction application mode." In 5th International Conference on Information Engineering for Mechanics and Materials. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icimm-15.2015.299.

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