Journal articles: 'Reinforced thermoplastic composite'

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Bona, Anna. "Theoretical and Experimental Review of Applied Mechanical Tests for Carbon Composites with Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2019, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2019-0023.

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Abstract This article has a theoretical and experimental character. It presents the characteristics of two main thermoplastics used in the aerospace industry – poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly phenylene sulphide (PPS). The selected materials are compounds for the production of thermoplastic polymer matrix composites. The paper presents a literature review of the application of thermoplastic polymer matrix composite materials in aviation. Additionally, the paper focuses on the characteristics of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) which plays an important role in the production of aerospace components. Testing methods have been chosen on the basis of the type of composite matrix. The article contains the most important mechanical properties and general characteristics of thermoplastics used as a matrix for CFRP type composites used in the aerospace industry. Individual test procedures which allow for the evaluation of mechanical properties of composite materials on a thermoplastic polymer matrix, have been described. Mechanical tests such as static tensile test and bending of short beams were carried out in order to examine CFRP composites.

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James, M. R., and D. P. Anderson. "Determination of Crystallinity in Graphite Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010387.

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Interest in advanced thermoplastic composites for use in high performance structures stems from their order of magnitude improvement in fracture toughness and delamination resistance over epoxy based composites, their strong solvent resistance, and the possibility of dramatically lower fabrication costs through processing flexibility. The chemical and mechanical properties of semicrystalline thermoplastics depend on the morphology of the material, such as the crystallinity content and spherulite size. We describe here the use of x-ray diffraction to characterize the degree of crystallinity of the polyetheretherketone-graphite composite system, a leading thermoplastic candidate for use in aerospace vehicles. In reflection, diffraction from the microcrystalline graphite fibers dominates the scattered signal and must be adequately accounted for. The technique is useful on large samples and for quality control. In transmission, the graphite signal is weak, thus simplifying data analysis; however, sample thickness must be limited.

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Mat Rasat, Mohd Sukhairi, Razak Wahab, Amran Shafie, Ahmad Mohd Yunus AG., Mahani Yusoff, Sitti Fatimah Mhd. Ramle, and Zulhisyam A.K. "Effect of Wood-Fiber Geometry Size on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Fiber from Neolamarckia Cadamba Species Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 1, no. 1 (August 15, 2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v1i1.669.

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Using natural wood-fiber as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastics is gaining momentum due to its high specific properties and renewable resources. In this study, the effect of wood particle geometry size on mechanical properties of thermoplastics composite was investigated. The wood species that has been chosen is Kelempayan species (Neolamarckia cadamba) and reinforced with polypropylene using fiber geometry size of 75 and 250 ?m. Thermoplastic composites were produced from two types of ratio (30:70 and 10:90) between wood-fiber and polypropylene. Static bending and tensile strength were tested. The result showed that wood-fiber from 75 ?m geometry sizes with ratio of 30:70 between wood-fiber and polypropylene was most suitable in producing thermoplastic composites. The geometry sizes of wood particle as well as the ratio between wood-fiber and polypropylene were found to influence the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic composites.

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Kling, Veronika, Sohel Rana, and Raul Fangueiro. "Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Rods." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.331.

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The present investigation is concerned with the development of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite rods using braiding process. An innovative technique has been developed to produce composite rods with outer braided layer of polyester fibres and axially reinforced with high performance glass fibres. Polypropylene filaments which were introduced in to the core along with the glass fibres during the braiding process formed the thermoplastic matrix upon melting. A special mould has been designed for uniform application of heat and pressure during the consolidation of the composite rods as well as for the alignment of core fibres. The cross-section of composite rods was characterized with help of optical microscopy in order to see the distribution of core fibres and matrix. The effect of amount of glass fibres on the mechanical properties (tensile and flexural) of composite rods has been investigated and discussed.

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Yin, Hong Ling, Xiong Qi Peng, Tong Liang Du, and Jun Chen. "Experiment Study of Thermoforming of Plain Woven Composite (Carbon/Thermoplastics)." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.507.

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By combining carbon woven fabric with thermoplastics grains, a thermo-stamping process is proposed for forming parts with complex double curvatures in one step, to implement the affordable application of fiber reinforced composites in high volume merchandises such as automotive industry. In the proposed thermo-stamping process, laminated carbon woven fabrics with thermoplastic grains are heated, and then transferred rapidly to a preheated mould for thermo-stamping, and cooled down to form the carbon fiber reinforced composite part. Various thermoplastics such as PP, PA6 and ABS are used as matrix material in the composite part. Experimental results including shear angle distribution in the fabric, deformed boundary profile of fabric with different original fiber orientation and forming defects are presented. It is demonstrated that high quality parts can be obtained with the proposed forming process, and defects are controllable. By using the proposed process and laminated structures, it is feasible to implement the high-volume and low-cost manufacturing of fiber reinforced composite parts.

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Kim, Jin Woo, and Dong Gi Lee. "Effect of Fiber Content and Fiber Orientation on the Tensile Strength in Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.337.

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The study for strength calculation of one way fiber-reinforced composites and the study measuring precisely fiber orientation distribution were presented. Need the systematic study for the DB that can predict mechanical properties of composite material and fiber orientation distribution by the fiber content ratio was not constructed. Therefore, this study investigated what affect the fiber content ratio and fiber orientation distribution have on the strength of composite sheet after making Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet by changing fiber orientation distribution with the fiber content ratio. The result of this study will become a guide to design data of the most suitable parts design or fiber reinforced polymeric composite sheet that uses the Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet in industry part, because it was conducted in terms of developing products. It studied the effect the fiber orientation distribution has on tensile strength of Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet and achieved this result below. The increasing range of the value of Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet’s tensile strength in the fiber orientation direction is getting wider as the fiber content increases.

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Lin, Mei-Chen, Jia-Horng Lin, Jan-Yi Lin, Ting An Lin, and Ching-Wen Lou. "Fabrication, properties, and failure of composite sandwiches made with sheet extrusion method." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218766230.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are commonly used in different fields because the evenly distributed fibers in polymer can efficiently transmit the load of a force and mechanically reinforce the polymer matrices. This study proposes producing composite sandwiches using thermoplastic polyurethane sheets as the top and bottom layers and a polypropylene/Kevlar nonwoven fabric the interlayer. Thermoplastic polyurethane sheets and a polypropylene/Kevlar nonwoven fabric are combined using the sheet extrusion method, during which the polypropylene staple fibers are melted and firmly bond the thermoplastic polyurethane sheets. The mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and surface morphology of composite sandwiches are evaluated, examining the influence of parameters. The test results show that the composite sandwiches are mechanically reinforced as a result of using the nonwoven covers. Moreover, the improved interfacial bonding between the cover layers and the interlayer inhibits delamination, and the stabilized structure subsequently decreases the level of combustion which is in conformity of the differential scanning calorimetry results. The manufacturing is creative and efficient due to one-step shaping, creating a refined composite sandwich with good mechanical properties and combustion resistance.

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Dong, Wei Gou, and Hai Ling Song. "Transverse Impact and Tensile Behavior of the Three-Dimensional Woven Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1238.

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Two forms of perform were prepared by a Glass fiber/Polypropylene fiber commingled yarn. One was a three-dimensional woven fabric with an angle-interlock structure, and another was a two-dimensional plain woven fabric laminate. The three-dimensional woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites(3-DWRC) and two-dimensional woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites(2-DWRC) were fabricated by hot-press process. The Impact and tensile performances of both 3-DWRC and 2-DWRC were examined. Compared to the 2-DWRC, the 3-DWRC have better impact properties, the energy required to initiate cracks, the threshold force of the first oscillation and maximum load increased by 41.90%, 54.41%, 38.75% respectively under the low-energy impact conditions. The tensile tests shown that the 3-DWRC presented batter fracture toughness than the 2-DWRC. The use of thermoplastic composites is growing rapidly because of their excellent properties, a high toughness and damage tolerance, short processing cycles, and the ability to be reprocessed. But thermoplastic materials usually have a difficulty to impregnate between reinforcing fibers, due to high melt polymer viscosity. It is a technology innovation that the commingled yarns composed of reinforced fibers and thermoplastic fibers are used as prepreg for thermoplastic composite materials. Because thermoplastic fiber and reinforced fiber are closely combined, which reduces distances of resin’s infiltration, this can effectively overcome the difficulties of resin’s impregnation. The commingled yarns can be woven and knitted, and can facilitate the processing of complex structural composites. Three-dimensional fabrics reinforced composites are ideal materials with excellent integrity because it is linked with yarns between layers. Its shearing strength between layers, damage tolerance and reliability are better than the two-dimensional fabric laminated composites. At present, the researches of thermoplastic materials with two-dimensional fabric reinforced structure made from commingled yarns are much more, such as manufacturing technology, material properties ,effects of process conditions on properties, relationship between structures and properties, and so on [1-8]. However, only a few studies appear in literature on the structure-property relationships of three-dimensional fabric reinforced thermoplastic composite materials made of commingled yarns [9-10]. Byun, Hyung Joon et al. [9] undertook the impact test and the tensile test on 3-D woven thermoplastic composite materials and 2-D plain woven laminate which is made by CF/PEEK mixed yarn. Dong Weiguo and Huang Gu[10] studied the porosity, tensile and bending properties on 3-D woven thermoplastic composites which make from core-spun yarn containing glass fibers and polypropylene fibers. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact behavior of and tensile properties of 3-D woven fabric thermoplastic composites made by a GF/PP commingled yarns. Attempts was made to identify the damage mode of the 3-D woven fabric thermoplastic composites under the low energy impact and tensile conditions.

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Mansor, M. R., S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Zainudin, A. A. Nuraini, and A. Hambali. "Rigidity Analysis of Kenaf Thermoplastic Composites Using Halpin-Tsai Equation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.29.

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In this paper, the stiffness mechanical property of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites is analyzed using composite micromechanical model. Kenaf natural fiber is selected as the reinforcement material in the composites construction while three types of commonly used automotive grade thermoplastic matrices, namely polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyamide 6 were selected to be reinforced with kenaf fibers. Their stiffness property was later analyzed using Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model at varying fiber content and fiber aspect ratio conditions. In all cases, theoretical results show that the kenaf reinforced thermoplastic composites stiffness increased linearly as the fiber contents were increased. Apart from that, results also show that the stiffness property also increases as the fiber aspect ratio was increased. Higher final composites stiffness property was also observed as stiffness matrix material is utilized in the composites formulation. The prediction results also provided valuable and quick insight as well as cost effective alternative to composite designers in assessing the stiffness performance of natural fiber composites especially those which are reinforced with thermoplastic matrices compared to conventional experimental technique for automotive product development purposes in addition to identifying the optimal parameter to be put into focus in their composites design to achieve the intended design performance specifications.

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Wang, Qiushi, Haibin Ning, Uday Vaidya, Selvum Pillay, and Leigh-Ann Nolen. "Fiber content measurement for carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites using carbonization-in-nitrogen method." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716679481.

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Carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites are gaining increasing interest in various applications thanks to their combined properties of high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and superior toughness. Their mechanical properties are highly dependent on the carbon fiber content. In this study, the carbonization-in-nitrogen method (CIN) developed in previous work is used to measure the fiber content of carbon fiber thermoplastic composites. Three types of carbon fiber thermoplastic composite samples were prepared using hot-melt impregnation. The carbon fiber thermoplastic composite sample is carbonized in a nitrogen environment alongside a neat resin sample that is used for calibrating the resin carbonization percentage. A good agreement is achieved between the nominal carbon fiber content and the carbon fiber content measured using the CIN method. It is concluded that the CIN method is an accurate and efficient way to characterize the carbon fiber content for carbon fiber thermoplastic composites. This work completes the verification of the CIN method, which enables extended application to thermoplastic composites. Moreover, it has its unique merits on evaluating the carbon fiber content for high-temperature and solvent-resistant thermoplastic composites that would encounter challenges using other methods.

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Li, Zhaomin, Haijuan Kong, Muhuo Yu, Shu Zhu, and Minglin Qin. "Coating Strategy for Surface Modification of Stainless Steel Wire to Improve Interfacial Adhesion of Medical Interventional Catheters." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020381.

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Poor interfacial bonding between stainless steel wire and the inner and outer layer resin matrix significantly affects the mechanical performance of braid-reinforced composite hollow fiber tube, especially torsion control. In this work, a coating of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) deposited on the surface of stainless steel wire greatly enhanced the mechanical performance of braid-reinforced composite hollow fiber tube. This method takes advantage of the hydrogen bonding between polyether block amide (PEBA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for surface modification of stainless steel wire, as well as the good compatibility between PEBA and TPU. The mechanical properties of composited tubes demonstrate that the interlaminar shear strength, modulus of elasticity, and torque transmission properties were enhanced by 27.8%, 42.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. The results indicating that the interfacial adhesion between the coated stainless steel wire and the inner and outer matrix was improved. In addition, the interfacial properties of composite hollow fiber tube before and after coating was characterized by the optical microscope, and results show that the interfacial adhesion properties of the modified stainless steel wire reinforced resin matrix composites were greatly improved.

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Kim, Dae Won, Jun Park, Chul Kyu Jin, Hyung Yoon Seo, and Chung Gil Kang. "Effect of Impregnation Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." Key Engineering Materials 858 (August 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.858.78.

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Carbon fabric-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRP) composites, fortified with carbon fiber prepreg and epoxy base materials, have been mainly used for body parts for weight lightening, advanced high strength, and impact absorption In the current automotive industry However, as recycling of the composite material is required, attempts have been made to manufacture body parts using a thermoplastic polymeric material as a base substance. In order to produce various types of body parts by impregnating a liquid thermoplastic material into carbon fabric preform in methods of manufacturing a carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite material (CFRTP), it is important to understand the effect of the impregnation process parameters (time, temperature, pressing force) on the mechanical properties of the composite material. Therefore, in this study, the influence of impregnation process parameters on the mechanical properties of CFRTP is proposed. In addition, this paper presents the problems and solutions when polymeric materials are impregnated in carbon fabric.

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Sebaey, Tamer A., Mohamed Bouhrara, and Noel O’Dowd. "Fibre Alignment and Void Assessment in Thermoplastic Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Manufactured by Automated Tape Placement." Polymers 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030473.

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Automated Tape Placement (ATP) technology is one of the processes that is used for the production of the thermoplastic composite materials. The ATP process is complex, requiring multiple melting/crystallization cycles. In the current paper, laser-assisted ATP was used to manufacture two thermoplastic composites (IM7/PEEK and AS4/PA12). Those specimens were compared to specimens that were made of thermoset polymeric composites (IM7/8552) manufactured while using a standard autoclave cycle. In order assess the quality, void content, fibre distribution, and fibre misalignment were measured. After manufacturing, specimens from the three materials were assessed using optical microscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans. The results showed that, as compared to the thermoset composites, thermoplastics that are manufactured by the ATP have a higher amount of voids. On the other hand, manufacturing using the ATP showed an improvement in both the fibre distribution inside the matrix and the fibre misalignment.

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Hocheng, H., and H. Y. Puw. "Machinability of Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics in Drilling." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2902148.

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Polymer-based composite materials are used in a variety of industry. Recently, thermoplastic polymer suitable for the resinous matrix in carbon fiber-reinforced composites has been introduced for lower material and processing costs, improved damage tolerance and higher moisture resistance. The successful use of this material requires sophisticated production technology, however little reference of machining of thermoplastics composites can be found. The existing published results are almost exclusively for epoxy-based composite materials showing difficulty in avoiding poor finish, serious tool wear and delamination at hole entrance and exit due to the brittle material response to machining. Thermoplastics-based composite materials possesses better machinability. The current work reveals the machinability of an example of carbon fiber-reinforced ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) in drilling compared to representative metals and thermoset-based composites. The observation of chips reveals that considerable plastic deformation is involved. Compared to the chip formation of thermoset plastics, it contributes to the improved edge quality in drilling. The edge quality is generally fine except in the case of concentrated heat accumulation at tool lips, which is generated by high cutting speed and low feed rate. Plastics tend to be extruded out of the edge rather than neatly cut. The average surface roughness along hole walls in commonly below one micron for all sets of cutting conditions in the experiment, values between 0.3 and 0.6 microns are typical. The high speed steel drill presents only minor tool wear during the tests. Based on these results, one concludes that the carbon fiber-reinforced ABS demonstrates good machinability in drilling.

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Vasquez, Jasmin Z., and Leslie Joy L. Diaz. "Unidirectional Abaca Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Composite." Materials Science Forum 894 (March 2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.894.56.

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Unidirectional abaca fiber reinforced thermoplastic starch composite was prepared via compression molding by varying the fiber volume fraction, compression pressure and fiber treatment. Factorial analysis at 95% confidence level has shown that changing fiber volume from 5% to 10% has a significant effect on the tensile strength of the composite. A treatment-pressure interaction was also found to have significant effect on the tensile strength of the composite. Result of tensile test showed that composite fabricated using 6.89 MPa (1000 psi) compression pressure, 10% fiber volume, and treated fibers exhibited the highest tensile strength of 19.73MPa while composite fabricated using 6.89 MPa (1000 psi) compression pressure, 10% fiber volume and untreated fibers exhibited only a tensile strength of 12.30 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the transverse cross section has shown that alkali treatment was able to improve the interfacial bond between the fibers and the thermoplastic starch matrix resulting to an increase in strength of the composite fabricated at 6.89 MPa (1000 psi). However, using a compression pressure of 13.79 MPa (2000 psi) during fabrication induced damage, i.e. internal cracking, on the alkali treated fibers, thereby reducing the strength of the composite.

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Jayaraman, Krishnan, and Rex Halliwell. "Blending of Natural Fibres and Thermoplastics by Screwless Extrusion." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1141.

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Natural fibres, such as sisal, flax and woodfibres, are relatively inexpensive and originate from renewable resources. Thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and waste plastics, possess shorter manufacturing cycle times and reprocessability. Natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composite materials exhibit favourable values of modulus and strength when the fibres are properly compounded with the polymers. Common methods for manufacturing natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites, injection moulding and extrusion, require pre-compounding of the fibres and the thermoplastic due to the large difference in densities of the loose fibres and thermoplastic materials. Development and analysis of a screwless extruder that employs a reliable and low technology process for melt blending natural fibres and thermoplastic polymers is the main objective of this study.

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Zhang, Jie, Sha Li, and Xiao Ming Qian. "Processing Parameter Optimization of Flax Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1541.

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Fiber reinforced composites have been an important way to utilize agriculture plant fibers. Flax fiber is plant fiber and strong, biodegradable, anti-fungi and bacterial. Flax fiber reinforced PP fiberboard is thermoplastic with the advantages of low density, low cost, low energy consumption, and recyclable. The influences of flax / PP fiber blending ratio, molding temperature, molding time on the mechanical properties of flax / PP board were carefully investigated. After mathematical manipulations and experimental validation, it was found that the thermoplastic composite board had maximum tensile and bending strengths when the flax fibers were at 50% of the total weight, the molding temperature was 181 ， and the molding time was 48 minutes.

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Ku, H. S., E. Siores, J. A. R. Ball, A. Taube, and F. Siu. "Lap shear strength comparison between different random glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites bonded by adhesives using variable-frequency microwave irradiation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 217, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146442070321700108.

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This paper compares the lap shear strengths of three types of random glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic matrix composite joined by adhesives using microwave energy. Variable-frequency microwave (VFM) (2-18 GHz) facilities are used to join 33 wt % random glass fibre reinforced low-density polyethylene composite [LDPE/GF (33%)], 33 wt % random glass fibre reinforced polystyrene composite [PS/GF (33%)] and 33 wt % random glass fibre reinforced nylon 66 composite [nylon 66/GF (33%)]. With a given power level, the composites were exposed for various times to microwave irradiation. The primer or coupling agent used was a 5 min two-part adhesive.

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Suresh, Sugumar, and Velukkudi Santhanam Senthil Kumar. "Effects of fabric structure on the formability characteristics of thermoplastic composites under various process conditions." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-0075.

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Thermoplastic composites are broadly utilized for structural and automotive applications due to their higher specific strength and modulus, higher strain to failure, recyclability, and unlimited shelf life. This study investigates the effects of fabric structure on the forming behaviour of glass fabric reinforced polypropylene composites during the sheet forming of a doubly curved shape. Stamp forming, a novel thermoforming technique, is mostly used for hemispherical forming of thermoplastic composites. The study also investigates the influence of process parameters such as die temperature, blank temperature, and blank holder force on sheet formability. Forming ratio, thickness distribution, material draw-in, and punch force were used for the evaluation of the formability of composites. Conventional and novel plain weave glass fabric reinforced polypropylene composite laminates were fabricated using the film stacking technique. Thermo-stamp forming experiments were conducted on the basis of the Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Experimental results revealed better forming characteristics by the novel glass fabric reinforced composite than for the conventional glass fabric reinforced composite. Production of defect-free components under high die temperature, low blank holder force, and medium blank temperature process condition was observed.

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Vu, Ngoc-Hung, Xuan-Tan Pham, Vincent François, and Jean-Christophe Cuillière. "Inverse procedure for mechanical characterization of multi-layered non-rigid composite parts with applications to the assembly process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 17 (July 7, 2019): 6167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219861126.

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In assembly process, non-rigid parts in free-state may have different forms compared to the designed model caused by gravity load and residual stresses. For non-rigid parts made by multi-layered fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites, this process becomes much more complex due to the nonlinear behavior of the material. This paper presented an inverse procedure for characterizing large anisotropic deformation behavior of four-layered, carbon fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulphide, non-rigid composite parts. Mechanical responses were measured from the standard three points bending test and the surface displacements of composite plates under flexural loading test. An orthotropic hyperelastic material model was implemented as a UMAT user routine in the Abaqus/Standard to analyze the behavior of flexible fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Error functions were defined by subtracting the experimental data from the numerical mechanical responses. Minimizing the error functions helps to identify the material parameters. These optimal parameters were validated for the case of an eight-layered composite material.

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Xu, An Chang, and Li Min Bao. "Manufacture of Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites with High Fiber Volume Fraction." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.301.

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In fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic (FRP) the fiber volume fraction is always up to 60 percent, but in fiber reinforced thermoplastic (FRTP) it is low to about 30 percent which greatly limit their performance. In this paper, for increasing the fiber volume fraction of thermoplastic composite, a new impregnation method for molding continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic was explored; the fiber volume fraction was significantly raised to 60 percent which is equal to that of FRPs. Then the tensile property was investigated and made a contrast with FRP with the same reinforcement fiber. The results showed that both the FRP and FRTP composites have the similar tensile properties and indicated that the molding method is effective for FRTP manufacture.

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Lin, Jia Horng, Ching Wen Lin, Jin Mao Chen, Ting Ting Li, Ting Wei Chang, and Ching Wen Lou. "Research on Processing Technology of Polyester Fabric Reinforced Polypropylene Thermoplastic Laminated Composites." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.373.

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Thermoplastic composites are eco-friendly to environment. In this study, PET/PP thermoplastic composite laminates were produced by interleaving polypropylene (PP) sheets with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plain fabrics in the condition of varying thermocompression temperature, pressure and time. Afterwards, peel resistance, tensile and impact properties of PET/PP thermoplastic laminates were tested. And the tensile and impact performance of PET/PP laminates was respectively about 40 % and 320 % higher than PP laminates. It was shown that when thermal compressing under pressure of 40 Kg/cm2 at 230 °C for 0.5 minute, PET/PP thermoplastic laminates had optimum tensile and impact properties.

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de Miranda, L. F., L. H. Silveira, Leonardo Gondim Andrade e Silva, and Antônio Hortêncio Munhoz Jr. "Irradiation of a Polypropilene-Glass Fiber Composite." Advances in Science and Technology 71 (October 2010): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.71.138.

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The use of composite materials, mainly reinforced thermoplastic has increased on the polymer industry, mainly the polypropylene resins (PP) reinforced by glass fibers (GF). The ionizing radiation can promote alterations in the polymeric chains by scission and crosslinking reactions. The objective of this work is to study the effect of the ionizing radiation in the properties of the polypropylene long fiber glass reinforced thermoplastic. Pellets with 1,3 cm of length, contend 15wt% of the unidirectional long glass fiber were obtained by extrusion and, subsequently, the samples were molded by injection, irradiated and submitted to thermal and mechanical tests. The mechanical (tensile and impact) properties and thermal (HDT and Vicat softening temperature) of irradiated and non irradiated reinforced thermoplastic were determined. The doses of the irradiation of the samples were 30, 50 and 100 kGy in a source of 60Co. The results showed a reduction in the thermal and mechanical performances indicating a degradation of the polymeric matrix.

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Vellguth, Natalie, Tanja Rudeck, Madina Shamsuyeva, Franz Renz, and Hans Josef Endres. "Thermal Stability of Natural Fibers via Thermoset Coating for Application in Engineering Thermoplastics." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.433.

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An effective integration of natural fibers into engineering thermoplastics requires sufficient thermal stability of natural fibers during processing, since melting temperature of engineering thermoplastics lies above 200 °C. The aim of the work was to protect natural fibers from the heat of the molten thermoplastic via coating with a modified epoxy resin, thus enabling manufacture of natural fiber-reinforced engineering thermoplastic composites with minimized thermal degradation of the fibers. Processing temperature comprised the range of engineering thermoplastic polyamide 6 (PA6), which was 225 °C. Flax fabrics were spray coated with partially bio-based epoxy resin and incorporated via hot press technique into a PA6 matrix. The composite samples including spray coated flax fibers as well as the reference flax fibers without coating were characterized with regard to their mechanical properties, namely bending and tensile tests, thermal properties with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and optical via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computer tomography (CT). The results show that this approach enables manufacture of composites with reproducible mechanical properties, i.e. bending and tensile properties as well as enhanced thermal stabilities.

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Chen, Jieng-Chiang, and Jian-Cheng Lin. "Manufacturing and properties of cotton and jute fabrics reinforced epoxy and PLA composites." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (July 18, 2018): 1840084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400842.

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This paper studies the effects of plain-woven fabrics of jute and cotton, used as reinforcements, on the mechanical properties of composite panels prepared using epoxy and polylactic acid (PLA) resins as matrix materials. Two different composites were prepared in the current study — natural fiber fabrics reinforced thermosetting epoxy resin and the same fabrics reinforced thermoplastic PLA resin. Two methods were used to manufacture these composites. The thermosetting composites were manufactured by impregnating the epoxy resin with the fabrics by hand lamination. On the other hand, the resin film method was used to manufacture the thermoplastic composites. Tensile, compression and 3-point bending tests were performed on the composite panels. The experimental results indicated that the compressive strengths of cotton/PLA and cotton/epoxy composites are approximately equivalent. The jute-based composites exhibited brittle failure in the tensile test. Furthermore, the 3-point-bending break strength of the cotton/PLA composites was higher than that of the jute/PLA composites.

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Cersoli, Trenton, Bharat Yelamanchi, Eric MacDonald, Jose Gonzalo Carrillo, and Pedro Cortes. "3D printing of a continuous fiber-reinforced composite based on a coaxial Kevlar/PLA filament." Composites and Advanced Materials 30 (January 1, 2021): 263498332110000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349833211000058.

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Additive manufacturing has allowed for the production of complex and mass customized geometries, but often at the expense of mechanical performance, a penalty which can be in part mitigated with the fabrication of composite parts. Thermoplastic structures fabricated with material extrusion additive manufacturing stand to be improved in terms of fracture toughness with the integration of continuous fibers. The present research program has investigated the production of a continuously reinforced filament to be used in open-source fused filament fabrication systems. Three different volume fractions of Kevlar fibers were incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic filament. It was observed that a 20% fiber volume fraction resulted in a doubling of the tensile strength relative to the unreinforced PLA parts. High-velocity impact tests were also performed on the reinforced printed thermoplastic material, and it was observed that the composite with the highest fiber volume fraction provided an impact energy resistance improved by a factor of four, relative to the plain PLA. The reinforced fibers have shown to restrain the penetration of the projectile at velocities similar to those that perforated the unreinforced PLA. The present work has demonstrated the production of printed composites without the need of modifying the extruding systems of a commercial 3D printer. This approach could represent an alternate and feasible process for producing continuously reinforced 3D-printed thermoplastic parts with utility for high-velocity impact applications.

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JOLLY, MARC, and KRISHNAN JAYARAMAN. "MANUFACTURING FLAX FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES BY HOT-PRESSING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041756.

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The renewable characteristic of natural fibres, such as flax, and the recyclable nature of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene, provide an attractive eco-friendly quality to the resulting composite materials. Common methods for manufacturing natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites, injection moulding and extrusion, tend to degrade the fibres during processing. Development of a simple manufacturing technique for these composites, that minimises fibre degradation, is the main objective of this study. Flax fibres were conditioned, cut into lengths ranging from 1 mm to 30 mm with scissors and a pelletiser, and shaped into randomly oriented mats using a drop feed tower. Polypropylene in sheet form, was added to the fibres to furnish polypropylene/flax/polypropylene sandwiches with a fibre mass fraction of 25%, which were then consolidated by the hot pressing technique. Tensile, flexural and impact properties of these composite sheets were determined as functions of fibre length and processing temperature.

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Xiaoyin, Wang, Liu Xiandong, Shan Yingchun, Wan Xiaofei, Liu Wanghao, and Pan Yue. "Lightweight design of automotive wheel made of long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 10 (May 21, 2015): 1634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215583081.

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Aiming to the lightweight design of the long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic (LGFT) composite wheel, this paper constructs the design process and the strength analysis method of long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic wheel. First, the multi-objective topology optimization under multiple design spaces and multiple loading cases is conducted to obtain the robust structure, where the complicated ribs generated in design spaces are quite distinct from conventional steel or aluminum alloy wheel. The effects of weighting factors of two objectives and three loading cases on the topological results are discussed. And the long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic wheel including the aluminum alloy insert is also designed in detail based on the concept structure and molding process. The novel metallic insert molded-in is another typical feature of long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic wheel. Capturing the material anisotropy, the strength performances of long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic wheel are simulated by using the finite element analysis method. The results show that there is a larger safety margin than the baseline wheel based on the maximum stress failure criterion. The long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic wheel of 5.59 kg saves 22.3% weight compared to the aluminum alloy baseline. For the increasing requirement of automotive components lightweight design, the method and consideration in this paper may also provide some ways for the design and strength analysis of other carrying structures made of thermoplastic composite.

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Pickering, K. L., Y. Li, R. L. Farrell, and M. Lay. "Interfacial Modification of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Fungal and Alkali Treatment." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2007.1984.

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Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is encouraging scientific research into developing cheaper, more sustainable materials. Industrial hemp fiber is one of the strongest and stiffest available natural fibers [K. L. Pickering, M. Priest, T. Watts, G. Beckermann, and S. N. Alam, J. Adv. Mater. 37, 15 (2005)] and therefore has great potential in composite materials. Incorporated into a thermoplastic matrix, it gives a structural material that is cheap, lightweight, and recyclable. However, natural fibers are commonly incompatible with common molding thermoplastics such as polypropylene, which limits the performance of the composites produced. The main objective of the current work was to investigate the use of fungi to treat hemp fiber to create better bonding characteristics in natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD), ζ-potential, lignin testing, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the effect of treatment on hemp fibers. A combined alkali and fungi treated fiber composite produced the highest tensile strength of 48.3 MPa, an increase of 32% compared to composites with untreated fiber.

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Abbassi, Fethi, A. Gherissi, Ali Zghal, Sébastien Mistou, and Joël Alexis. "Micro-Scale Modeling of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 146 (December 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.146.1.

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Thin-walled textile-reinforced composite parts possess excellent properties, including lightweight, high specific strength, internal torque and moment resistance which offer opportunities for applications in mass transit and ground transportation. In particular, the composite material is widely used in aerospace and aircraft structure. In order to estimate accurately the parameters of the constitutive law of woven fabric composite, it is recommended to canvass multi-scale modeling approaches: meso, micro and macro. In the present investigation, based on the experimental results established by carrying out observations by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), we developed a micro-scale FEM model of carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic using a commercial software ABAQUS. From the SEM cartography, one identified two types of representative volume elementary (RVE): periodic and random distribution of micro-fibers in the yarn. Referring to homogenization method and by applying the limits conditions to the RVE, we have extracted the coefficients of the rigidity matrix of the studied composites. In the last part of this work, we compare the results obtained by random and periodic RVE model of carbon/PPS and we compute the relative error assuming that random model gives the right value.

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Aurich, T., and G. Mennig. "Determination of Interfacial Shear Strength and Critical Fibre Length in Injection Moulded Flax Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene." Advanced Composites Letters 10, no. 6 (November 2001): 096369350101000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350101000604.

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Natural fibres are becoming more and more important as reinforcement in polymer based materials. Knowledge of interfacial shear strength and critical fibre length is important for the assessment of the mechanical properties of the composite and the estimation of the resultant fibre length distribution. This is particularly true for injection moulded reinforced thermoplastic parts. Because of the problems with the preparation of micro-mechanical specimens from natural fibres and thermoplastics, in the presented paper the characteristic values are calculated from macroscopic composite strength data.

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Quadrini, Fabrizio, Claudia Prosperi, and Loredana Santo. "Rubber-Toughened Long Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2012100104.

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A rubber-toughened thermoplastic composite was produced by alternating long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene prepregs and rubber particles. Several composite laminates were obtained by changing the number of plies, the rubber powder size distribution, and the stacking sequence. Quasi-static mechanical tests (tensile and flexure) and time dependent tests (dynamic mechanical analysis and cyclic flexure) were carried out to evaluate strength and damping properties. As expected, 10 wt% rubber-filled laminates showed lower strengths than rubber-free laminates but the effect of the rubber on the composite damping properties was evident. At low rates, the rubber particles can also double the dissipated energy under cyclic loading, even if this effect disappears by increasing the test rate.

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Anoshkin, A. N., Pavel V. Pisarev, and G. S. Shipunov. "Prediction of the Mechanical Characteristics of Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Materials Used in Aviation." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.801.

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Within the framework of the present work, the results of calculation and experimental studies of the mechanical characteristics of textile composites with a thermoplastic matrix are presented. A software module and a numerical model for calculating the effective elastic characteristics of composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix are developed. At the heart of the developed software module implemented in the engineering package ANSYS, the method of averaging by volume, integrated into ANSYS Mechanical, is applied. Based on the results of numerical experiments, effective elastic characteristics for a periodicity cell with an interlacing of 5H Satin and a layered composite material were determined. The verification of the developed numerical models has been carried out.

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Liu, Wen Yong, Kai Tan, Yu Gang Huang, Yi Chen, Xiang Gang Li, Jun Hong Yang, Ping Jiang, and Yue Jun Liu. "Processing and Mechanical Properties of Starch and PVA Composite Reinforced by MCC." Advanced Materials Research 583 (October 2012): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.583.32.

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The thermoplastic processing and mechanical properties of starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites reinforced with microcrystal cellulose (MCC) were investigated. Glycerol with 30 wt% was chosen as the plasticizer for starch and PVA, respectively. MCC with 2 wt% was used to reinforce the starch/PVA composite. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the obtained starch/PVA blend were best when the glycerol content was 30% of starch and 20% of PVA, and the weight ratio of PVA and starch was 4/6 (wPVA/wstarch). After the addition of MCC, the mechanical properties of the starch/PVA blends were improved, and the tensile strength was increased by 52%. Moreover, it was confirmed by rheological measurements that MCC could interact with the composite materials, which results in the improvement of the mechanical strength of the starch/PVA composites.

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35

Yang, Chuncheng, Xiaoyong Tian, Tengfei Liu, Yi Cao, and Dichen Li. "3D printing for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: mechanism and performance." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2015-0098.

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Purpose Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) are becoming more significant in industrial applications but are limited by the high cost of molds, the manufacturing boundedness of complex constructions and the inability of special fiber alignment. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a novel three-dimensional (3D) printing process for CFRTPCs to realize the low-cost rapid fabrication of complicated composite components. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the mechanism of the proposed process, which consists of the thermoplastic polymer melting, the continuous fiber hot-dipping and the impregnated composites extruding, was investigated. A 3D printing equipment for CFRTPCs with a novel composite extrusion head was developed, and some composite samples have been fabricated for several mechanical tests. Moreover, the interface performance was clarified with scanning electron microscopy images. Findings The results showed that the flexural strength and the tensile strength of these 10 Wt.% continuous carbon fiber (CCF)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) specimens were improved to 127 and 147 MPa, respectively, far greater than the one of ABS parts and close to the one of CCF/ABS (injection molding) with the same fiber content. Moreover, these test results also exposed the very low interlaminar shear strength (only 2.81 MPa) and the inferior interface performance. These results were explained by the weak meso/micro/nano scale interfaces in the 3D printed composite parts. Originality/value The 3D printing process for CFRTPCs with its controlled capabilities for the orientation and distribution of fiber has great potential for manufacturing of load-bearing composite parts in the industrial circle.

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Iwasa, Masahiko, and Manabu Nomura. "Injection Molded Long Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite." Seikei-Kakou 5, no. 7 (1993): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.5.454.

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Lu, Panfang, Min Zhang, Yong Liu, Jiuling Li, and Ming Xin. "Characteristics of vermiculite-reinforced thermoplastic starch composite films." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 126, S1 (March 15, 2012): E116—E122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.36342.

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Li, Hui, and Karl Englund. "Recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite wastes from the aerospace industry." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 9 (September 26, 2016): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316671796.

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Post-industrial trimmings and off-cuts of carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone composite were successfully recycled into new composite products. The original composites were thermally characterized by dynamic thermomechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Melt-bonding and thermoset adhesives were used to bond the carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone. Performance of the bond was evaluated through double lap-shear tests. The carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone scraps were mechanically refined to a variety of elemental sizes, subsequently subjected to high-temperature hot pressing to form panel composites. The influences of element size and processing temperature were evaluated through mechanical testing.

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Krajangsawasdi, Narongkorn, Lourens G. Blok, Ian Hamerton, Marco L. Longana, Benjamin K. S. Woods, and Dmitry S. Ivanov. "Fused Deposition Modelling of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Parametric Review." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010029.

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive layer manufacturing process that deposits thermoplastic material layer-by-layer to produce complex geometries within a short time. Increasingly, fibres are being used to reinforce thermoplastic filaments to improve mechanical performance. This paper reviews the available literature on fibre reinforced FDM to investigate how the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of 3D-printed fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials are affected by printing parameters (e.g., printing speed, temperature, building principle, etc.) and constitutive materials properties, i.e., polymeric matrices, reinforcements, and additional materials. In particular, the reinforcement fibres are categorized in this review considering the different available types (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid, and natural), and obtainable architectures divided accordingly to the fibre length (nano, short, and continuous). The review attempts to distil the optimum processing parameters that could be deduced from across different studies by presenting graphically the relationship between process parameters and properties. This publication benefits the material developer who is investigating the process parameters to optimize the printing parameters of novel materials or looking for a good constituent combination to produce composite FDM filaments, thus helping to reduce material wastage and experimental time.

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Dannemann, Martin, Sebastian Siwek, Niels Modler, André Wagenführ, and Johannes Tietze. "Damping Behavior of Thermoplastic Organic Sheets with Continuous Natural Fiber-Reinforcement." Vibration 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration4020031.

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In the field of lightweight construction, the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in composites has been increasingly discussed. Additionally, the damping properties of natural fibers are known from fiber materials such as fiber insulation boards. In the scope of the work presented here, the focus is on identifying the potential of natural fibers for lightweight structures with high vibration damping capacity. For this purpose, test specimens made of flax fiber-reinforced and glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites were manufactured and characterized. Contrary to expectations, the flax fiber-reinforced composite exhibited an almost isotropic damping characteristic. A comparison of the damping and stiffness properties determined by measurement confirms the high potential of natural fiber-reinforced materials for lightweight structures with high damping.

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41

Hackert, Alexander, Patrick Schaarschmidt, Tristan Timmel, and Lothar Kroll. "Syntactic core composite sandwich (SCCS) with thermoplastic foam and expanded glass granulate core." MATEC Web of Conferences 264 (2019): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926402002.

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Ultra light, highly porous materials arranged as a sandwich structure with thermoplastic fiber reinforced composites (TP-FRC) as a cover layer have very good physical and mechanical properties. An essential prerequisite for the production of hybrid material composites is therefore the provision of material compatible and cost effective manufacturing processes. The lightweight potential of such a syntactic core composite sandwich (SCCS) with thermoplastic and expanded glass granules was examined with the aim of a mass production. After developing a manufacturing strategy, various samples are prepared and their mechanical properties are evaluated by performing bending tests and examination of micrographs.

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42

Zhao, Hong Kai, Li Guang Xiao, and Jing Wu Gao. "Research of Penetration Model for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nylon Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2032.

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The thermoplastic composite material with general plastics and high-performance engineering plastics as the matrix has become the hot spot of current research, because of big viscosity of thermoplastic resin melt, the focal point of research has been long concentrated on the aspect of impregnation technology, therefore, it is of particular importance to theoretically build the percolation model for fibers impregnated with thermoplastic resin. In this paper a theoretical model for fibers impregnated with thermoplastic resin melt through percolation is established, this model characterizes the influential laws of process parameters, melt viscosity and fiber structure on impregnation time. The model shows that theoretical volume fraction of fibers of the molten nylon resin composite material is hard to reach over 70%; for the nylon resin melt after viscosity reduction treatment, the time for complete impregnation is still very long, and raising temperature or increasing pressure can only improve the impregnation effect to a certain degree.

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Lüking, Alexander, Robert Brüll, Thomas Köhler, Davide Pico, Gunnar Seide, and Thomas Gries. "One Step Production of Bicomponent Yarns with Glass Fibre Core and Thermoplastic Sheath for Composite Applications." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.506.

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The film stacking method is the industrial standard for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites (FRTCs). An alternative to this is commingling thermoplastic fibres with reinforcement fibres, e. g. glass fibres, into hybrid yarns. However, the composites produced by the use of film-stacking or hybrid yarns cannot achieve an optimal impregnation of reinforcement fibres with the matrix polymer. This stens from the high melt viscosity of thermoplastics, which prevents a uniform wetting of the reinforcement fibres. Leaving some fibers is unconnected to the matrix. This leads to composite lower strength than theoretically possible. The aim of the research is the coating of a single glass filament in the glass fibre nozzle drawing process to achive a homogenous distribution of glass fibres and matrix in the final composite. The approach uses particles with a diameter from 5 to 25 μm of polyamide 12 (PA 12) which are electrostatically charged and blown at an Eglass filament in the nozzle drawing process as seen in. The particles adhering to the filament are melted by infrared heating and winded afterwards. This development will allow the homogenous distribution of fibres and the matrix in a thermoplastic composite allowing a higher fibre volume content leading to improved mechanical properties. Even though the glass filaments could be coated with PA 12, a homogenous sheath could not be achieved in this investigation. Therefore, further research will focus on an improved homogeneity by reducing the agglomeration of PA 12, using dried PA12 and enhancing the coating setup.

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Guo, Bin, Li-Jian Wang, Peng Yin, Ben-Gang Li, and Pan-Xin Li. "Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced thermoplastic corn starch composite." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 4 (August 4, 2016): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715604682.

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The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, as the fibrous morphology of polyethylene (PE), were first used to reinforce thermoplastic starch (TPS) by a twin screw extruder. The influence of the UHMWPE content on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical thermal properties, thermal stability, contact angle, torque rheological properties, and fractured surface morphology of the UHMWPE/TPS composites was studied in detail. We found that the UHMWPE fibers were well dispersed in the TPS matrix, and the mechanical properties and water resistance of the composites improved significantly. Especially, the incorporation of UHMWPE fibers at a content of 2 wt% generated a composite with better performance (tensile strength of 8.78 MPa and contact angle of 80.2°).

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Nishida, Yuichi, Teruo Kimura, and Katsuji Shibata. "Injection Molding of Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Using Extracted Glass Fiber from FRP Waste." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.533.

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This report proposed the injection molding method of thermoplastic composite materials reinforced by the glass fiber extracted from FRP waste. Glass fiber was pre-treated by card machines and mixed with PP fiber. The sliver-type glass/PP mixture was fed into the injection molding machine directly. As a result, the glass fiber reinforced PP composites were obtained. The mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composites were measured and discussed. It is concluded that the extracted glass fiber is good for the reinforcement of composite. The result suggests that the injection molding method described herein shows promise for contributing toward the material recycling of glass fiber extracted by the normal pressure dissolution method.

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Winkler, Anja, and Niels Modler. "Online Poling of Thermoplastic-Compatible Piezoceramic Modules during the Manufacturing Process of Active Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.787.

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Due to high specific properties and the ability for the realisation of short cycle times within the production process, the use of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites offers a high potential for high volume applications. Furthermore, the layered built-up and the according manufacturing processes of these materials give the possibility to integrate functional elements, like electronic components or piezoelectric sensor/actuator modules. Within the collaborative research center CRC/TRR 39 “Production Technologies for light metal and fiber-reinforced composite-based components with integrated piezoceramic Sensors and Actuators”, the integration of piezoceramic modules into lightweight structures ready for series production is investigated. This paper presents the manufacturing process of active fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Here, the focus is on experimental investigations covering the process-integrated poling of novel piezoceramic modules during the manufacturing of active fiber-reinforced thermoplastic components. Therefore, laboratory and process-oriented tests are performed for the determination of appropriate parameters for the pressing and poling process. The functionality of the embedded and poled TPM is validated by the excitation of an active component structure and the optical measurement of the vibration behaviour using a laser scanning vibrometer.

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Keck, R., W. Machunze, W. Dudenhausen, and P. Middendorf. "Design, analysis, and manufacturing of a carbon-fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone slat." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 223, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544100jaero515.

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Regarding aircrafts, the application of composites within impact endangered areas is unusual. Therefore, an advanced thermoplastic composite slat had been developed with the aim of minimizing weight and manufacturing costs in scheduled series production. The investigation of many manufacturing techniques had been performed as well as integration of new materials. Several generic and full-scale thermoplastic demonstrators were manufactured, using endless fibre-reinforced carbon-fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone tapes. The critical point, concerning the casting of thick and highly tapered, single curved thermoplastic shells, was identified and new manufacturing methods had been developed. Additionally, the thermoplastic welding process was improved, resulting in a low-cost assembly technique as an alternative to state-of-the-art joining methods. In addition to conventional linear static analysis, dynamic high-velocity impact simulations were carried out. A numerical approach for high-velocity bird strike impact had been developed. The results were used to dimension the residual strength of a damaged slat. Furthermore, a good compliance between the dynamic analysis and the performed tests has been reached. It has been shown that a significant weight reduction is possible by numerical optimization, even if composites are used for impact-sensitive areas.

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Mudhukrishnan, M., P. Hariharan, and S. K. Malhotra. "Characterization of Glass Fibre/Carbon Fibre Hybrid Thermoplastics Composite Laminates Fabricated by Film Stacking Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.518.

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The Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) composites are extensively used for a wide variety of applications in automobile, aerospace, chemical, biomedical and civil engineering fields due to their excellent properties. Composite materials offer significant advantages in strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance over metallic materials. Initially FRP composites were based mainly on thermoset polymers because of the ease of manufacturing. But, recently FRP composites using thermoplastics matrices are gaining importance because of their advantages over thermoset composites. In the present work, FRP laminates were fabricated using glass fabric and carbon fabric as reinforcements and thermoplastic polymer (polypropylene) as matrix. Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics (FRTP) laminates of glass fibre /polypropylene (GF/PP), carbon fibre/ polypropylene (CF/PP) and glass-carbon fibre /polypropylene (GF/CF/PP) hybrid composite laminates were fabricated by film stacking method using hot compression molding press under optimum process parameters (pressure, temperature and dwell time). The fabricated FRTP laminates were tested for various mechanical and physical properties viz., tensile strength/modulus, flexural strength/modulus, izod impact strength, moisture absorption, barcol hardness and density as per relevant ASTM standards. The results of the tests carried out on three materials were compared. It was observed that hybrid laminate (GF/CF/PP) is superior in flexural strength/modulus as compared to GF/PP but the little lower mechanical properties compared to CF/PP laminates. But use of hybrid laminates has great cost advantage compared to CF/PP.

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Adumitroaie, Adi, Fedor Antonov, Aleksey Khaziev, Andrey Azarov, Mikhail Golubev, and Valery V. Vasiliev. "Novel Continuous Fiber Bi-Matrix Composite 3-D Printing Technology." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12183011.

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A new paradigm in continuous fiber-reinforced polymer fused filament fabrication based on a thermoset-thermoplastic bi-matrix material system is proposed and proved. This totally new 3-D printing concept has the potential to overcome the drawbacks and to combine the advantages of separate thermoset and thermoplastic-based, fused filament fabrication methods and to advance continuous fiber-reinforced polymer 3-D printing toward higher mechanical performances of 3-D printed parts. The novel bi-matrix 3-D printing method and preliminary results related to the 3-D printed composite microstructure and performances are reported.

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Hufenbach, Werner, Robert Kupfer, and Andreas Hornig. "Thermoactivated Pinning - A Novel Joining Technique for Thermoplastic Composites." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.176.

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Due to their good mechanical properties and short cycle times during processing, textile-reinforced thermoplastic composites gain increasing relevance for high-volume lightweight applications. Beyond that, by exploiting its specific processing capabilities, this composite material enables a variety of novel manufacturing techniques, e.g. for assembling. In this paper a joining technique is presented, which utilises the meltability of the thermoplastic matrix to establish a material-adapted joining method by introducing slender metallic pins into the composite structure. The processing principle is described and structural effects in the joining zone are analysed by means of microscopy. The load bearing behaviour is characterised by tensile tests on double-lap-shear specimen.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reinforced thermoplastic composite'

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