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Pettersson, Markus, and Andreas Larsson. "Automated Construction- Reinforcement : Lifting Prefabricated Reinforcement Cages." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84326.
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The construction industry is moving towards an increasingly industrial production and one step towards this is to use prefabricated rebar cages. A new concept is being tested where tied rebar cages are produced on the construction site by industrial robots. The industrial robots produce the rebar cages based on a geometric model and when finished they are lifted to the casting site with the help of a crane. In order for this concept to become an efficient process, it must already be possible to evaluate the stability of the rebar cages in the early design phase to be able to efficiently determine whether it is possible to lift the rebar cages to the casting site after production. The scope of this thesis is to investigate what is required to create a numerical model with help of data from a geometric model in an efficient way in order to determine whether a rebar cage can be lifted. This thesis is limited to one specific rebar cage that has already been created in the CADprogram Tekla Structures by the contractor Skanska Sweden AB. The process of what is required when creating a numerical model with data from a geometric model is limited between the analysis software LUSAS Bridge and the CAD software Tekla Structures. To be able to determine what is required in order to create a numerical model with data from a geometric model in the analysis software LUSAS Bridge in an efficient way a survey was performed. The survey includes the necessary steps to create a numerical model of a tied rebar cage from a geometric model and the problems that occurs along the way to get an efficient process. In order to determine if the geometric model of the rebar cage is liftable a linear analysis was created in the analysis software LUSAS Bridge. The analysis was created with data from the geometric model created in Tekla Structures and with experimental results from a study where tied connection strength and stiffness were evaluated. The analysis was created to simulate a rebar cage for a bridge foundation in scale 1:2 that is lifted in four lifting points. The lifting points in this analysis is modeled as supports while the rebar cage is subjected to an acceleration force to simulate a lift. The analysis is performed in two parts, first when the tied connections have full stiffness capacity and the second part when the stiffness is decreased to be able to evaluate what happens to the stability of the rebar cage. In order to determine if the rebar cage is liftable two conditions are looked at, (1) stress in rebars and (2) forces in the joint elements. The results from the study show that in order to create a numerical model of a tied rebar cage in an efficient way some improvements must be done in the analysis software LUSAS Bridge. The most time-consuming process when creating a numerical model of a tied rebar cage are the connections. In order to create these tied connections in an efficient way some new functions must be created in LUSAS Bridge where the software can generate different types of tied connections. The results from the analysis show that the stress in the rebars at the lifting points is the criterion that is most critical when the rebar cage is lifted. The maximum stress reached 356 MPa with the utilization rate of 81,9% when the connection stiffness has full capacity. When the connection stiffness was adjusted, it was also shown here that the stress was the criterion that is most critical. The analysis for 50% connection stiffness capacity showed a maximum stress of 402 MPa with the utilization rate of 92,4%, this shows an increase of 10,5% of the utilization rate when the IV connection stiffness is decreased with 50%. Based on these results, it can be stated that the rebar cage can be lifted if four lifting points are used. It can also be seen from the results that the stiffness in the connections has a very small impact on the behavior of the cage and therefore the placement of the rebars contributes more to the stability.Byggindustrin går mot ett allt mer industriellt byggande och ett steg på vägen är att använda sig av prefabricerade armeringskorgar. Ett nytt koncept håller på att undersökas där man vill framställa najade armeringskorgar på byggarbetsplatsen med hjälp av industrirobotar. Industrirobotarna bygger armeringskorgarna utifrån en geometrisk modell för att sedan lyftas till gjutplatsen med hjälp av en kran. För att detta koncept ska bli en effektiv process måste man redan i projekteringsfasen kunna utvärdera armeringskorgarnas lyftbarhet för att kunna avgöra om det går att lyfta armeringskorgarna till gjutplatsen efter att de är färdigmonterade. Examensarbetets syfte är att undersöka vad som krävs för att ska skapa en numerisk modell med hjälp av data från en geometrisk modell på ett effektivt sätt för att sedan kunna avgöra om en armeringskorg går att lyfta. Denna studie är avgränsad till enbart en typ av armeringskorg som redan är skapad i CADprogrammet Tekla Structures av entreprenören Skanska Sverige AB. Processen som krävs för att skapa en numerisk modell med hjälp av en geometrisk modell är begränsad till analysprogrammet LUSAS Bridge och CAD-programmet Tekla Structures. För att kunna avgöra vad som krävs för att skapa en numerisk modell med hjälp av en geometrisk modell i analysprogrammet LUSAS Bridge utfördes en kartläggning. Kartläggningen omfattar de steg som krävs för att skapa en numerisk modell av en najad armeringskorg från en geometrisk modell och de svårigheter som finns längs vägen. För att kunna avgöra om den geometriska modellen av armeringskorgen är lyftbar skapades en linjär Finita Element Analys i analysprogrammet LUSAS Bridge. Analysen är skapad med hjälp av data från den geometriska modellen från Tekla Structures samt testresultat från en tidigare studie där man har provat hållfastheten och styvheten hos najade knutpunkter. Analysen är skapad för att efterlikna en armeringskorg till ett brofundament i skala 1:2 som lyfts i fyra punkter. Lyftpunkterna i denna analys är simulerade som stöd medan armeringskorgen utsätts för en accelerationskraft för att efterlikna ett lyft. Analysen utförs i två delar, en när de najade knutpunkterna har full styvhet och den andra när styvhet för knutpunkterna minskar. Detta för att se hur styvheten i knutpunkterna påverkar stabiliteten i armeringskorgen. Armeringskorgens lyftbarhet bedöms av två olika kriterier (1) spänning i armeringsjärnen och (2) krafter i knutpunkterna. Resultaten från studien visar att för att kunna skapa en numeriskmodell av en najad armeringskorg på ett effektivt sätt måste en del förbättringar göras i analysprogrammet LUSAS Bridge. Den process som är mest tidskrävande är när man skapar de najade knutpunkterna för armeringskorgen. För att det ska gå att genomföra detta på ett effektivt sätt måste en ny funktion skapas i LUSAS Bridge där programmet kan generera olika typer av knutpunkter automatiskt. Resultaten från analysen visade att spänningen av armeringsjärnen vid lyftpunkterna är det kriterium som är mest kritisk när armeringskorgen utsätts för lyft. Den maximala spänningen uppgick till 356 MPa med en utnyttjandegrad på 81,9% för armeringskorgen med full styvhet. När styvheten justerades visades det även här att spänningen är det kriterium som är mest kritiskt. Analysen för 50% styvhet visade en maximal spänning på 402 MPa med en utnyttjande grad på 92,4%, detta visar en ökning på 10,5% av utnyttjandegraden när styvheten halveras. VI Utifrån dessa resultat kan man konstatera att armeringskorgen går att lyfta om man använder fyra lyftpunkter. Man kan även utifrån resultaten se att en minskning av styvheten i knutpunkterna har en liten påverkar på armeringskorgens lyftbarhet och istället är det placeringen av armeringsjärnen som har störst betydelse.
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Fisher, Matthew John. "Comparison of prefabricated cage system with existing reinforcement methods in concrete columns." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6461.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains vi, 47 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Shamsai, Mohammad. "Prefabricated cage system for reinforcing concrete members." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141744526.
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Schaffer, Matthew Jason. "Influence of Nozzle Pressure, Standoff Distance, and Reinforcing Steel Cage on Water Jetting of CIDH Pile Anomalies." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/475.
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The effectiveness of removing anomalous material from cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) piles by water jetting was examined. The primary objectives of this research were to examine how reinforcing steel influences water jetting and to evaluate how jetting pressures and standoff distance from the material surface affect water jetting of concrete type materials and PVC tubing. The experimental work consisted of water blasting submerged test specimens using rotary jets, nozzles, pumping equipment, and testing procedures currently used in construction practice. The concrete test specimens were comprised of ring- and cylinder-shaped samples, containing materials with compressive strengths of approximately 160 and 3,600 psi. Typical PVC tubing used as inspection access holes for non-destructive testing in CIDH piles was utilized for tubing specimens. During testing, erosion depths were measured as a function of standoff distance and jetting pressure. Water jetted specimens containing reinforcing steel were cut apart after testing to permit inspection of the erosion cavity and eroded material surfaces behind the steel reinforcement. Reinforcing steel bars in CIDH piles do interfere with the jet path and will locally influence material erosion and water-jetting effectiveness. For a relatively weak material, water-jetting pressures between 10,000 and 11,000 psi produced erosion up to a radial distance of approximately 12 inches from the water jet. This erosion distance is less than half the typical maximum design spacing of PVC inspection access tubing installed in CIDH piles.
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Janetzko, Steffen, Thomas Gries, and Till Büttner. "Preforming von textilen Bewehrungsstrukturen für Sandwichbauteile." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244042345137-27083.
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Dimensionierung und Konstruktion von Bewehrungstextilien für die Anwendung in Textilbeton werden in Abhängigkeit von der resultierenden Last im Bauteil durchgeführt. Um aus der Vielzahl möglicher Varianten von Bewehrungsstrukturen die passenden auszuwählen, wird ein reduziertes Beschreibungsschema zur Auswahl herangezogen. Als Anwendungsbeispiel wird eine komplexe Bewehrungsstruktur beschrieben, die für dünnwandige, selbsttragende Sandwichelemente genutzt wird. Die Sandwichelemente werden als Wandund Dachkonstruktion für ein 20 m² großes modulares Gebäude eingesetzt. Die Bewehrungsstrategie für die Elemente sowie die Herstellungstechnik und Prüfverfahren für die Bewehrung werden beschrieben. Zur Langzeitüberwachung der Sandwichelemente wird ein Monitoring-System verwendet.
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Mattisson, Fredrik. "Deep Reinforcement LearningA case study of AlphaZero." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-454220.
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Using deep neural networks for reinforcement learning has proven very successful, as demonstrated by the AlphaZero algorithm developed by DeepMind in 2018. This algorithm is capable of mastering two-player zero-sum board games entirely by playing against itself. However, a drawback of deep learning in general is the immense computational cost associated with training deep neural networks, and AlphaZero is certainly no exception; an absurd amount of compute power was used by DeepMind to produce their results. This thesis project is a first step towards investigating whether DeepMind's approach to reinforcement learning could somehow be made more computationally efficient. We implement the AlphaZero algorithm in a modular fashion, so as to facilitate experimentation with its constituent parts, and also attempt to better understand what the neural network learns by visualizing it. The thesis gives an explanation of the algorithm and its theoretical foundations, how it was implemented, and present some preliminary results of training it on the game of Go on a 5 by 5 board. The agents performance was primarily evaluated against basic Monte Carlo tree search, which yielded a win-rate of about 50% with the latter using 5 times as many simulations per move. Although training was only conducted for a short period of time on commodity hardware, the results and empirical analysis indicate that the algorithm managed to learn at least some rudimentary aspects of the game. However, since little further improvement was seen asymptotically in these experiments, the configuration was likely sub-optimal.
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Bosello, Michael. "Integrating BDI and Reinforcement Learning: the Case Study of Autonomous Driving." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21467/.
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Recent breakthroughs in machine learning are paving the way to the vision of software 2.0 era, which foresees the replacement of traditional software development with such techniques for many applications. In the context of agent-oriented programming, we believe that mixing together cognitive architectures like the BDI one and learning techniques could trigger new interesting scenarios. In that view, our previous work presents Jason-RL, a framework that integrates BDI agents and Reinforcement Learning (RL) more deeply than what has been already proposed so far in the literature. The framework allows the development of BDI agents having both explicitly programmed plans and plans learned by the agent using RL. The two kinds of plans are seamlessly integrated and can be used without differences. Here, we take autonomous driving as a case study to verify the advantages of the proposed approach and framework. The BDI agent has hard-coded plans that define high-level directions while fine-grained navigation is learned by trial and error. This approach – compared to plain RL – is encouraging as RL struggles in temporally extended planning. We defined and trained an agent able to drive in a track with an intersection, at which it has to choose the correct path to reach the assigned target. A first step towards porting the system in the real-world has been done by building a 1/10 scale racecar prototype which learned how to drive in a simple track.
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Ybarra, Rita. "The Effects of Interspersed Trials and Density of Reinforcement on Accuracy, Looking Away, and Self-Injurious Behavior of a Child with Autism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2485/.
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This research examines the effects of task interspersal and density of reinforcement on several behaviors of an autistic 6-year-old boy during the performance of a visual matching task and two auditory matching tasks. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of interspersing high and low accuracy tasks on correct matching responses, positions of matching responses, looking away, and self-injurious behavior (SIB). The effects of interspersed trials were evaluated using an ABAB multiple treatments design. Results indicated that interspersed trials produced slightly more correct responses during the visual matching task; however, correct responses decreased during the other two tasks. The use of interspersed trials also decreased looking away from the stimuli and SIB. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of reinforcement density apart from task interspersal. Two conditions, reinforce-corrects-only and reinforce-all-responses, were compared in Experiment 2. Correct responses increased slightly for all three tasks during the reinforce-all-responses condition. Looking away and SIB were very infrequent throughout Experiment 2.
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Jones, Errity. "Utilizing Probabilistic Reinforcement to Enhance Participation in Parent Training." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3173.
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Parental participation in parent training programs is necessary for success in behavioral parent training. Prior literature has demonstrated probabilistic reinforcement as an effective intervention for improving a wide variety of behaviors. In the present study, a probabilistic reinforcement program (i.e., lottery) was implemented in order to evaluate its efficacy as part of a behavioral parent training program. The behaviors targeted for increase included attendance, participation, homework completion, and performing role-plays or completing in-class assignments for two 10 week Tools for Positive Behavior Change courses. Participants earned lottery tickets for each of the dependent measures, and drawings took place at the end of each class. An alternating treatments design was employed to determine any differences in performance on the dependent measures between baseline and lottery sessions. Results showed that participants attended and participated more with parent training under the conditions of a lottery compared to baseline class sessions although the effect was minimal; furthermore, this effect was observed more clearly for one of the two classes. Further research is needed to explore the effect of a lottery intervention on parent participation in parent training programs.
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Motiejunas, Kristina M. "The Effects of the Density of Reinforcement on the Maladaptive Behaviors of a Child With Autism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2707/.
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The present study consists of two experiments that analyze the effects of high and low densities of reinforcemnt on the maladaptive behaviors of a 9 year old girl with autism. The first experiment investigates the isolated effects of density of reinforcement on the frequency of maladaptive behaviors during a motor imitation teaching task. High densities of reinforcement produced fewer occurrences of maladaptive behavior than low densities of reinforcement. Experiment 2 analyzes the effects of density of reinforcement during the same teaching tasks as in experiment 1 on maladaptive behavior, task accuracy, prompt resistance, and language. Maladaptive behavior did not recur during experiment 2. High density of reinforcement conditions during the second experiment showed a positive effect on the accuracy of responding and compliance with prompts.
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Brown, Madison McMurray. "Increasing the Quantity and Quality of Caregivers' Use of Social Reinforcement in a Large Residential Facility." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404625/.
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Behavior-specific praise has been shown to increase rate of desired behaviors for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, though it is rarely used by caregivers in residential facilities for adults with disabilities. Prompting in the form of tactile stimulation has been demonstrated to increase rate of behavior-specific praise delivered by teachers and caregivers. The purpose of the current study was to increase the quantity and quality of behavior-specific praise statements that were delivered by caregivers to individuals at a large residential facility for adults with disabilities. A tactile prompting device (Gymboss Interval Timer and Stopwatch) was provided to the caregivers and set to vibrate for one second at intervals of five minutes, for a total of six intervals. Instructions were provided to the caregivers to deliver behavior-specific praise statements, for appropriate behaviors, to their assigned clients every time a vibration occurred. Examples of behavior-specific praise statements were provided to the caregivers before each session, but no feedback was delivered during the prompting phase. Results indicated that a tactile prompting device was effective at increasing rate of behavior-specific praise statements delivered by caregivers in as little as one session.
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Tye, Miriam. "Negative Reinforcement in Infant Care Simulation: Alternative Caregiver Responses to Prevent Child Abuse." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5319.
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This study was conducted to replicate and extend previous research on infant caregiver behavior by demonstrating negative reinforcement of infant caregiver behavior in response to crying and teaching appropriate care responses under conditions of inconsolable crying. A computerized infant simulator was used to create a laboratory simulation of infant caregiving. In Study 1, participants were exposed to negative reinforcement conditions and an extinction condition. In the negative reinforcement condition, participants engaged in caregiving responses to escape from the cry. In the extinction condition, the cry was inescapable and two of three participants stopped engaging in the previously reinforced caregiving response. Data was collected on cumulative duration of caregiving responses. In Study 2, participants were taught a task analysis of appropriate care responses under conditions of inconsolable crying using behavior skills training. Data were collected on percentage of completed appropriate care responses. Results showed acquisition of appropriate care responses following training.
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Galozy, Alexander. "Data-driven personalized healthcare : Towards personalized interventions via reinforcement learning for Mobile Health." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, CAISR Centrum för tillämpade intelligenta system (IS-lab), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44091.
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Medical and technological advancement in the last century has led to the unprecedented increase of the populace's quality of life and lifespan. As a result, an ever-increasing number of people live with chronic health conditions that require long-term treatment, resulting in increased healthcare costs and managerial burden to the healthcare provider. This increase in complexity can lead to ineffective decision-making and reduce care quality for the individual while increasing costs. One promising direction to tackle these issues is the active involvement of the patient in managing their care. Particularly for chronic diseases, where ongoing support is often required, patients must understand their illness and be empowered to manage their care. With the advent of smart devices such as smartphones, it is easier than ever to provide personalised digital interventions to patients, help them manage their treatment in their daily lives, and raise awareness about their illness. If such new approaches are to succeed, scalability is necessary, and solutions are needed that can act autonomously without costly human intervention. Furthermore, solutions should exhibit adaptability to the changing circumstances of an individual patient's health, needs and goals. Through the ongoing digitisation of healthcare, we are presented with the unique opportunity to develop cost-effective and scalable solutions through Artificial Intelligence (AI). This thesis presents work that we conducted as part of the project improving Medication Adherence through Person-Centered Care and Adaptive Interventions (iMedA) that aims to provide personalised adaptive interventions to hypertensive patients, supporting them in managing their medication regiment. The focus lies on inadequate medication adherence (MA), a pervasive issue where patients do not take their medication as instructed by their physician. The selection of individuals for intervention through secondary database analysis on Electronic Health Records (EHRs) was a key challenge and is addressed through in-depth analysis of common adherence measures, development of prediction models for MA and discussions on limitations of such approaches for analysing MA. Furthermore, providing personalised adaptive interventions is framed in the contextual bandit setting and addresses the challenge of delivering relevant interventions in environments where contextual information is significantly corrupted. The contributions of the thesis can be summarised as follows: (1) Highlighting the issues encountered in measuring MA through secondary database analysis and providing recommendations to address these issues, (2) Investigating machine learning models developed using EHRs for MA prediction and extraction of common refilling patterns through EHRs and (3) formal problem definition for a novel contextual bandit setting with context uncertainty commonly encountered in Mobile Health and development of an algorithm designed for such environments.
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Smith, Miriam E. "Design of Bridging Layers in Geosynthetic-Reinforced Column-Supported Embankments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28260.
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Column-supported geosynthetic-reinforced embankments have great potential for application in soft ground conditions when there is a need to accelerate construction and/or protect adjacent facilities from the settlement that would otherwise be induced by the new embankment load. The columns in column-supported embankments can be driven piles, vibro-concrete columns, deep-mixing-method columns, stone columns, or any other suitable type of column. A bridging layer consisting of several feet of sand or sand and gravel is also used to help transfer the embankment load to the columns. Geosynthetic reinforcement is often employed in bridging layers to enhance load transfer to the columns and increase the spacing between columns. Several methods have been developed to calculate the load on the geosynthetic reinforcement, but the calculated loads differ by over an order of magnitude in some cases, and there is not agreement on which method is correct.
In this research, a new method was developed for calculating the load on the geosynthetic reinforcement. The new method employs one of the existing mechanistically-based approaches, and combines it with consideration of the stiffnesses of the embankment, geosynthetic, column, and subgrade soil. The new method was verified against the results of a large numerical parameter study, for which the numerical procedures themselves were verified against closed-form solutions for membranes, pilot-scale experiments, and instrumented field case histories.
The results of the numerical analyses and the new calculation procedure indicate that the net vertical load on the portion of the geosynthetic reinforcement between columns increases with increasing clear spacing between columns and increasing geosynthetic stiffness. The net vertical load on the geosynthetic decreases with increasing stiffness and strength of the foundation and embankment soils and with increasing elevation of the geosynthetic above the top of the columns or pile caps. A key finding of the research is that, if the subgrade support is good, geosynthetic reinforcement does not have a significant effect on system performance.
The new calculation procedure is implemented in an easy-to-use spreadsheet, and recommendations for designing geosynthetic-reinforced bridging layers are provided.Ph. D.
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Polenick, Courtney A. "Effects of Social Reinforcement Contingent on Conventional or Unconventional Responses on Generalized Creativity by Older Adults." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1314625030.
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Jagodnik, Kathleen M. "Reinforcement Learning and Feedback Control for High-Level Upper-Extremity Neuroprostheses." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1395789620.
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Kyle, Robert. "Models and metaphors in neuroscience : the role of dopamine in reinforcement learning as a case study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6263.
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Neuroscience makes use of many metaphors in its attempt to explain the relationship between our brain and our behaviour. In this thesis I contrast the most commonly used metaphor - that of computation driven by neuron action potentials - with an alternative view which seeks to understand the brain in terms of an agent learning from the reward signalled by neuromodulators. To explore this reinforcement learning model I construct computational models to assess one of its key claims — that the neurotransmitter dopamine signals unexpected reward, and that this signal is used by the brain to learn control of our movements and drive goal-directed behaviour. In this thesis I develop a selection of computational models that are motivated by either theoretical concepts or experimental data relating to the effects of dopamine. The first model implements a published dopamine-modulated spike timing-dependent plasticity mechanism but is unable to correctly solve the distal reward problem. I analyse why this model fails and suggest solutions. The second model, more closely linked to the empirical data attempts to investigate the relative contributions of firing rate and synaptic conductances to synaptic plasticity. I use experimental data to estimate how model neurons will be affected by dopamine modulation, and use the resulting computational model to predict the effect of dopamine on synaptic plasticity. The results suggest that dopamine modulation of synaptic conductances is more significant than modulation of excitability. The third model demonstrates how simple assumptions about the anatomy of the basal ganglia, and the electrophysiological effects of dopamine modulation can lead to reinforcement learning like behaviour. The model makes the novel prediction that working memory is an emergent feature of a reinforcement learning process. In the course of producing these models I find that both theoretically and empirically based models suffer from methodological problems that make it difficult to adequately support such fundamental claims as the reinforcement learning hypothesis. The conclusion that I draw from the modelling work is that it is neither possible, nor desirable to falsify the theoretical models used in neuroscience. Instead I argue that models and metaphors can be valued by how useful they are, independently of their truth. As a result I suggest that we ought to encourage a plurality of models and metaphors in neuroscience. In Chapter 7 I attempt to put this into practice by reviewing the other transmitter systems that modulate dopamine release, and use this as a basis for exploring the context of dopamine modulation and reward-driven behaviour. I draw on evidence to suggest that dopamine modulation can be seen as part of an extended stress response, and that the function of dopamine is to encourage the individual to engage in behaviours that take it away from homeostasis. I also propose that the function of dopamine can be interpreted in terms of behaviourally defining self and non-self, much in the same way as inflammation and antibody responses are said to do in immunology.
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Abed, Gesant. "Review of current practices to reduce reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures managed by the City of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27878.
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The repair and maintenance of ageing reinforced concrete (RC) structures has become increasingly costly, especially in the Cape Peninsula. Protection and maintenance of these reinforced concrete structures against concrete deterioration and rebar corrosion have become far more important for road authorities and asset managers. City Engineers are responsible for the repair and rehabilitation of RC structures in different exposure conditions, by identifying the type of deterioration and then employing the correct concrete repair solutions or corrosion resistance measures. This dissertation investigates the environmental exposure conditions in the Cape Peninsula that result in chloride-induced and carbonation-induced corrosion of reinforced concrete structures in the region. It includes a literature review on concrete deterioration mechanisms and the role of aggressive elements in rebar corrosion. The literature review also considered alternative corrosion-resistant rebar. There are a number of available alternatives, which include Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), Hot Dip Galvanized (HDG) steel, and Stainless Steel rebar. Each alternative has advantages and disadvantages depending on design applications and durability requirements. The use of corrosion-resistant rebar would increase the structure's longevity, thus providing long-term cost saving for road authorities. In the City of Cape Town, city engineers have standardised the use of HDG rebar for repair solutions and new concrete structures. HDG improves corrosion resistance, thus making it desirable to road authorities. The HDG process has been developed in the construction industry with low production time and cost, proving favourable factors for engineers. In addition, engineers have to improve concrete quality and construction methods to protect the underlying rebar from corrosion. On a technical level, HDG rebar use in RC structures has benefits which outweigh their cost implications. The exclusive use of HDG rebar without sound engineering judgment based on factors such as the location of the structure, distance from the coast, the structural loading conditions, and construction methods and quality standards, might not ensure better concrete durability and structural longevity. Generally, correct structural rebar design and concrete quality can eliminate the need for the use of corrosion protection methods and materials. The use of HDG is a very attractive solution for structures within 5km from the coast; otherwise, normal steel is suited for most applications. Reinforced concrete members such as concrete bollards, bridge handrails and balustrades can be treated as consumables and can be replaced once steel corrosion or concrete deterioration has occurred and becomes unsightly, which would be about 20 years. This approach would be economically advantageous and politically favourable to the road authority as it creates skills and jobs by reducing initial internal and contractual costs. To illustrate the common forms of rebar deterioration in the Cape Peninsula region, this dissertation has included five repair and rehabilitation projects completed by the City of Cape Town's Road Authority. These rehabilitation projects have been identified for concrete repair and rehabilitation works, and some of these structures have recently undergone extensive concrete rehabilitation. City engineers are faced with many challenges that hinder service delivery, engineering processes and effectiveness. Among these are lack of staff with experience in concrete repair and asset management, and the lack of proactive maintenance tools. The lack of an adequate Bridge Management System (BMS) contributes to the inefficient allocation of resources for rehabilitation and repair projects. The Supply Chain Management System also delays the appointment of appropriate contractors due to unwieldy management systems and bureaucracy. These systemic problems are discussed to provide a better understanding of the current selection of concrete repair systems.
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Schwarzkopf, Anke. "Realpolitik or reinforcement of the EU’s normative power : A Case Study on the EU’s relations with the CELAC." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130052.
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This research aims to understand the nature and underlying motives of the EU’s relations with the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC). The frequently claimed normative role of the EU will be examined in the context of the EU- CELAC summit relations, and the cases should be outlined that cause a switch to Realpolitik behavior. Thereby, the EU’s engagement in regional integration and interregional cooperation will be illustrated and EU-CELAC cooperation areas concerning the fight against poverty and social inequality, the consolidation of good governance and the promotion of peace, and lastly, the regional integration, trade, and economic cooperation are analyzed to reach an understanding of their normative or Realpolitik content. The research illustrates the ways of understanding the EU’s normative behavior and power, and the nature of the cooperation between the EU and the CELAC, whereby it should be shown that the EU acts according to normative consideration and only in few exceptions turns towards Realpolitik behavior.
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Elgazzar, Hesham, and Viktor Ansnaes. "Concrete Cracks in Composite Bridges : A Case Study of the Bothnia Line Railway Bridge over Ångermanälven." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100831.
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Cracks in the concrete slab of continuous composite bridges are common due to the tensile stresses at the supports. These bridges are allowed to crack as long as the cracking is controlled and not exceeding the design crack width (according to Bro 94 the crack should be injected if they are bigger than 0.2 mm). The Ångermanälven Bridge (railway bridge part of the Bothnia line project) was designed with big edge beams of width 1.2 m, 40 % of the total area of the concrete deck cross-section. During the final inspection cracks larger than the design crack width (0.3 mm according to Bro 94) were observed over the supports.In this thesis the design and the construction procedure of the bridge is studied to clarify the causes of the cracking in the edge beam. The objectives of this thesis were addressed through a literature study of the different types of cracks and the Swedish bridge codes. The expected crack width was calculate according to the same code, using a 2-D FEM model for the moment calculation, and compared with the crack width measured at the bridge.The result of the calculations shows that tensile stress due to ballast and only restraining moment due to shrinkage is not big enough to cause the measured crack width. Shrinkage force and temperature variation effects may have contributed to the concrete cracking in the edge beams. The large cross-section area of the edge beams indicates that it should be designed as part of the slab, taking that into consideration, 1.1 % reinforcement ratio in the edge beams is believed to limit the crack width to the code limits (0.3 mm).
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Castro, Francisco Leite de. "Erodibility of a dike in case of overflowing." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13984.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilEarthen dikes (or earthen levees) are built all over the world, both in coastal (coastal dikes) and inland areas (riverine dikes), to protect population, infrastructures and resources from high water levels due to storm surges and seasonal floods. Most of these flood defence embankments are not prepared to resist to surface soil erosion of its crest and landside slope induced by overflowing events, and hence, maybe at risk of failure. Mitigation of dike damage by overflow may be accomplished by providing erosion protection on the surface of the crest and dike landside slope. Erosion protection can be conferred by a variety of materials (rip-rap, concrete, geosynthetics, etc.) ranging from hard armouring to light armouring alternatives. The present dissertation focuses on strengthening systems consisting of lightweight, flexible, synthetic mats such as (high performance) turf reinforcement mats and geogrids. The goal of this dissertation was to assess their effectiveness as a slope erosion protection system and to obtain some performance criteria under overflow conditions created through full-scale laboratory testing on a hydraulic model. Waterflow discharge, flow thickness and mean (horizontal) velocity measurements were acquired at one location on the landside slope channel (1V:4H) (near the downward edge of the slope). These measurements allowed to estimate shear stress ranges at the bed channel and Manning’s roughness coefficients. Some tentative empirical equations were presented correlating shear stress and flow thickness estimations with overflowing discharges. The results are strictly limited to the tested coarse-grained soil and rolled erosion control products as well as the range of tested hydraulic parameters possible to be attained on the hydraulic model. The experimental study mainly allowed to obtain some qualitative conclusions, in which it was proven that a reinforced surface soil layer with synthetic mats of a dike slope can withstand higher overflowing discharges than bare soil, without catastrophic sediment motion.
Os diques de terra são construídos um pouco por todo o mundo, quer em zonas costeiras (diques costeiros) quer em zonas fluviais (diques fluviais), com o intuito de proteger a população, as infraestruturas e outros recursos de elevados níveis de água provocados por tempestades e cheias sazonais. A grande maioria destes aterros de proteção de cheias não estão preparados para resistir à erosão superficial provocada na sua crista e talude de jusante pelo galgamento da água e respetivo escoamento sobre os mesmos, e como tal, podem estar em risco de rotura. A mitigação dos danos induzidos num dique pelo galgamento pode ser conseguida por via da proteção da camada superficial de solo sobre a crista e talude de jusante. Existe uma enorme variedade de materiais para proteção contra a erosão (enrocamento, betão, geossintéticos, etc.) que podem variar desde soluções mais pesadas e rígidas a soluções mais leves e flexíveis. A presente dissertação foca-se em sistemas de reforço leves, flexíveis e compostos por redes/tapetes poliméricos tais como as mantas/tapetes de reforço (Turf Reinforcement Mats) e geogrelhas (geogrids). O objetivo principal da dissertação consistiu em avaliar a aplicabilidade destes materiais como sistemas de controlo de erosão, e obter dados relativos ao seu desempenho perante uma situação de galgamento/escoamento criada num modelo hidráulico à escala real. Os valores do caudal escoado, as alturas de água e velocidades médias do escoamento foram medidos numa determinada secção do canal (com inclinação 1V:4H) do modelo hidráulico (secção próxima da zona de transição entre o canal inclinado e o canal horizontal). Estas medições permitiram estimar gamas de valores da tensão de corte aplicada na superfície do canal e do coeficiente de rugosidade de Manning. Algumas equações empíricas (de caráter provisório) foram apresentadas, relacionando a tensão de corte e alturas de água com o caudal escoado. Os resultados obtidos são exclusivamente válidos para o material granular e os produtos em rolo para controlo de erosão (Rolled Erosion Control Products) testados, bem como para a gama de parâmetros hidráulicos proporcionados pelo modelo hidráulico. O estudo experimental permitiu obter principalmente conclusões qualitativas, nas quais ficou comprovado que o reforço de uma camada superficial de solo com Rolled Erosion Control Products permite resistir a caudais superiores, em comparação com uma camada de solo simples, sem que se verifique transporte pronunciado de partículas de solo.
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Aalto, Jonatan, and Elisabeth Neuman. "Comparison of Punching Shear Design Provisions for Flat Slabs." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215631.
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Abstract A new generation of EN 1992-1-1 (2004) also known as Eurocode 2 is under development and currently there is a set of proposed provisions regarding section 6.4 about punching shear, PT1prEN 1992-1-1(2017). It was of interest to compare the proposal with the current punching shear design provisions. The aim of this master thesis was to compare the punching shear resistance obtained in accordance with both design codes. Furthermore the eect of some parameters on the resistance was to be compared. It was also of interest to evaluate the userfriendliness of the proposal. In order to meet the aim, a case study of a real at slab with drop panels was performed together with a parametric study of a pure ctive at slab. The parametric study was performed for inner, edge and corner columns in the cases prestressed, without and with shear reinforcement. It was concluded that the distance av from the column axis to the contra exural location has a big in uence on the punching shear resistance. The factor ddg considering concrete type and aggregate properties also has a big impact on the resistance. The simplied estimation of av according to 6.4.3(2) in PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017) may be inaccurate in some cases. The length b0 of the control perimeter has a larger eect on the resistance in EN 1992-1-1 (2004) than in PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017). In PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017), studs located outside the second row has no impact on the resistance. The tensioning force in a prestressed at slab has a larger in uence on the resistance in PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017) than in EN 1992-1-1 (2004). Furthermore, the reinforcement ratio is increased by the tendons, and thus aect the resistance in PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017). Clearer provisions for the denition of the support strip bs for corners and ends of walls are needed in PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017). It may be questionable if the reduction of the perimeter for a large supported area in accordance with 6.4.2(4) in PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017) underestimates the resistance v in some cases. Considering the work-load with PT1prEN 1992-1-1 (2017), more parameters are included. However, they may not require that much eort to obtain. Keywords: Punching shear, resistance, concrete, at slab, design provisions, Eurocode 2, case study, parametric study, shear reinforcement, prestressed vi
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Scassiotti, Ana Paula Ferreira. "Análise do comportamento do consumidor por meio de estudo de caso." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16891.
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Previous issue date: 2010-07-01The vast majority of studies in the literature on the Consumer Behavior have assumed a method similar to a study design between groups considering a generic/abstract subject. The research objective is to perform an analysis of consumer behavior through the case study. To this end, it was assumed to remain focused on individual consumer behavior (considering an individual as a home), prioritize effectively behavioral information (which records the purchasing behavior and not made reported) and the functional relationships engendered. Then, we examine four households contained in a Consumer Panel provided by the group Latin Panel during each week of 2003, analyzing how buying patterns for four categories of products (laundry detergent, deodorant, cookie and soft drink) took place. Picked up two households in the class AB (one without child and the other with child) and two households in the class DE (also one without child and the other with child). The results showed that the purchasing patterns varied depending on each product, i.e. the purchasing patterns of a family was composed by the conjunction of four different patterns of each product reviewed. For laundry detergent, households without children took an average of 43.61% more than those with children and were the ones who spent a year the highest value in this category. For deodorant, all households had very few episodes of purchase and prioritized products IR type 3. For biscuits, the numbers of households had similar episodes of purchase, bought more items from the UR type 1 and IR type 3. Already, the soft drink product category was the most bought, so when one considers the number of times purchased, as the number of episodes and also the total amount spent. It was seen that the presence of children is a factor that appears to increase the purchase of soft drink by buying opportunity and the total volume purchased. The homes were shown, many times, more faithful to manufacturers than to brands, ranging from marks made by the same manufacturer, mainly products for laundry detergent and deodorant. However, had it been cases, too, especially the cookies that all products purchased from that manufacturer were the same brand. Nevertheless, even in households that were able to identify "preferences" varied between brands within a product category. With this research, we can say that it met most of this method (case study) applied to the Consumer Behavior with an instrument, a Panel of Consumption, than was known before. However, for such a study is detailed, more individual information is required
A grande maioria das pesquisas encontradas na literatura sobre o Comportamento do Consumidor tem assumido um método de estudo semelhante a um delineamento entre grupos considerando-se um sujeito genérico/abstrato. Diante disso, objetivou-se realizar uma análise do comportamento do consumidor por meio do estudo de caso. Para tanto, assumiu-se manter o foco sobre comportamentos de consumo individuais (considerando um indivíduo como um domicílio), priorizando informações efetivamente comportamentais (que registrasse o comportamento de compra efetuado e não o relatado) e nas relações funcionais engendradas. Então, escolheram-se quatro domicílios constantes de um Painel de Consumo fornecido pelo grupo Latin Panel durante todas as semanas do ano de 2003, analisando-se como os padrões de compra para quatro categorias de produtos (detergente para roupa, desodorante, biscoito doce recheado e refrigerante) se davam. Escolheram-se dois domicílios da classe AB (um sem criança e o outro com criança) e dois da classe DE, também um sem criança e o outro com criança. Os resultados apontaram que o padrão de compras variou a depender de cada produto, ou seja, o padrão de compras de uma família foi composto pela conjunção de quatro padrões diferentes de cada produto analisado. Para detergente para roupa, os domicílios sem crianças levaram em média 43,61% a mais do que os com crianças e foram os que gastaram por ano o maior valor nesta categoria. Para o produto desodorante, todos os domicílios tiveram pouquíssimos episódios de compra e priorizaram produtos de RI do tipo 3. Para biscoitos, os domicílios tiveram números de episódios de compra semelhantes, compraram mais itens de RU do tipo 1 e RI do tipo 3. Já, o produto refrigerante foi a categoria mais comprada, tanto quando se considera o número de vezes compradas, quanto o número de episódios e, também, o preço total gasto. Viu-se que a presença de crianças é um fator que parece aumentar a compra de refrigerante por oportunidade de compra e o volume total adquirido. Os domicílios se mostraram, por muitas vezes, mais fiéis aos fabricantes do que às marcas, variando entre marcas confeccionadas pelo mesmo fabricante, principalmente para os produtos detergentes para roupa e desodorante. Contudo, tiveram-se casos, também, destacando-se os produtos biscoito doce recheado em que todos os produtos comprados daquele fabricante foram da mesma marca. Apesar disso, mesmo os domicílios em que foi possível identificar preferências , variaram entre marcas dentro de uma mesma categoria de produto. Com a presente pesquisa, pode-se dizer que se conheceu mais desse método (estudo de caso) aplicado ao Comportamento do Consumidor tendo como instrumento, um Painel de Consumo, do que se conhecia outrora. Entretanto, para que um estudo dessa natureza seja pormenorizado, mais informações individuais são necessárias
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Mariam, Mohaman Daïrou Nc. "Etude du comportement rhéologique des bétons de pieux lors de la mise en place des cages d'armatures - développement d'un outil de caractérisation." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0202/document.
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Un des problèmes de mise en œuvre des bétons rencontrés sur des chantiers de pieux forés à la tarière creuse est la difficulté d’introduire la cage d’armatures dans le béton frais dans 15 % des cas. Cette difficulté est liée en partie au comportement rhéologique du béton et au phénomène de ressuage qui sont des problèmes de formulation du béton. En effet, des études sur des fluides à seuil (pâtes de ciment, solutions de Carbopol, émulsions) comme le béton, montrent une corrélation entre le déplacement d’objets dans ces fluides et leurs seuils de cisaillement.L’objectif de cette étude est de développer un outil de caractérisation du béton sur chantier qui permette de tester la capacité des armatures à être introduites dans le béton à partir d’une technique basée sur le principe de la pénétrométrie. Une formulation de base de béton pour pieux a été choisie sur chantier et modifiée en laboratoire de façon à obtenir des bétons aux comportements variés (seuil de cisaillement, perte d’ouvrabilité et thixotropie) représentatifs des conditions sur site. L’influence de ces différents paramètres rhéologiques sur l’enfoncement des armatures a été étudiée. Elle a permis d’identifier des valeurs seuils pour lesquels un refus d’enfoncement de la cage d’armatures (blocage) est observé : slump<18 cm; τs>780 Pa et τ0>340 Pa.Une étude complémentaire menée sur 4 chantiers de pieux forés à la tarière creuse a permis de valider et d’affiner les conclusions précédentes et de prédire les blocages éventuelsThis study is mainly concerned with a concrete placement problem encountered on continuous flight auger (CFA) pile, namely the difficulty of introducing a reinforcement cage into fresh concrete, difficulty that occurs in 15 percent of cases. These difficulties are correlated in part with the rheological behavior of the concrete as well as with the bleeding phenomenon, both of which pertain to concrete mix design problems. Indeed, studies carried out on yield stress fluids, like concrete, reveal a correlation between object displacements in these fluids and their actual yield stresses.The aim of this study is to develop a tool for the in situ characterization of concrete at rest, based on the principles of penetrometry, which can assess the capability of introducing reinforcements into concrete.A widespread pile concrete mix design was chosen on-site and modified in the laboratory to obtain concrete mixtures with various behavior (yield stress, loss of workability and thixotropy) which are representative of on-site conditions. The influence of these rheological properties on the reinforcement embedment capacity has been studied. For low viscosity values (6 to 12 Pa.s), the rejection of reinforcement becomes a real risk for some threshold values : slump<18 cm; τs>780 Pa and τ0>340 Pa. To avoid blocking τ0 should be limited during casting process.An additional study was conducted on CFA piles on-site and helps to validate previous findings. It also describes reinforcement embedment kinetic. A correlation was found between reinforcement depreciation period during its setting and concrete viscosity
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Heath, Hayden Lee. "Assessing Program-Readiness for Dental/Medical Tolerance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505149/.
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Many clients with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities (ID/DD) do not tolerate routine medical or dental procedures and may require intrusive interventions, including restraint of various types (i.e. chemical, mechanical, physical, etc.) during appointments. Graduated exposure, or stimulus fading, along with reinforcement for compliance, have been shown to increase cooperation and tolerance in some clients; however, many do not respond to these types of interventions. Nine participants diagnosed with ID/DD recieved compliance/tolerance training for routine medical or dental procedures. Results of these interventions were evaluated in the context of several potential indices of readiness, such as medical diagnoses, level of disability, and presence of challenging behavior, among others. Several of the variables appeared to be correlated with program responsiveness; however, a larger sample will be necessary to draw definitive conclusions. Client characteristics and past assessments (anecdotals, preference assessments, terminal probes, and survey data) were evaluated. The analytical framework developed for this analysis may be useful to future researchers and clinicians as a model for assessing readiness for tolerance training programs.
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Schmeidler, Radek. "Železobetonová montovaná hala pro skladování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240092.
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The final thesis is focused on the design and assessement of precast structure of industrial hall – with purlin, prestressed girder, columns, grade beam, pile cap and pile. Structural analysis was performed by SCIA Engineer 2015 and hand calculations.
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Kherroubi, Zine el abidine. "Novel off-board decision-making strategy for connected and autonomous vehicles (Use case highway : on-ramp merging)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1331.
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L'insertion sur autoroute est un défi pour réaliser une conduite entièrement automatisée (Niveau 4 de conduite autonome). La combinaison des technologies de communication et de conduite autonome, qui sous-tend la notion de Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAV), peut améliorer considérablement les performances de sécurité lors de l'insertion sur autoroute. Cependant, même avec l'émergence des véhicules CAVs, certaines contraintes clés doivent être prises en compte afin de réaliser une insertion sécurisée sur autoroute. Tout d'abord, les véhicules conduits par des conducteurs humains seront toujours présents sur la route, et il faudra peut-être des décennies avant que tous les véhicules commercialisés ne soient entièrement autonomes et connectés. Aussi, les capteurs embarqués des véhicules peuvent fournir des données inexactes ou incomplètes en raison des limites des capteurs et des angles morts, en particulier dans de telles situations de conduite critiques. Afin de résoudre ces problèmes, la présente thèse propose une nouvelle solution utilisant une unité de bord de route (Road-Side Unit (RSU)) permettant une insertion entièrement automatisée sur autoroute pour véhicules connectés et automatisés. Notre approche est basée sur un réseau de neurones artificiels (ANN) pour prédire l'intention des conducteurs. Cette prédiction est utilisée comme état d'entrée pour un agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) qui fournit l'accélération longitudinale pour le véhicule qui s'insère. Afin d'y parvenir, nous montrons d'abord comment l'unité Road-Side Unit peut-être utilisée pour améliorer la perception dans la zone d'insertion sur autoroute. Ensuite, nous proposons un modèle de reconnaissance d'intention du conducteur qui peut prédire le comportement des véhicules conduits par des conducteurs humains sur la voie principale de l'autoroute, avec une précision de 99%. Nous utilisons la sortie de ce modèle comme état d'entrée pour entrainer un agent Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (TD3) qui apprend une politique de conduite « sûre » et « coopérative » pour effectuer l'insertion sur autoroute. Nous montrons que notre stratégie de prise de décision améliore les performances par rapport aux solutions proposées dans l'état de l'artMerging in the highway on-ramp is a significant challenge toward realizing fully automated driving (level 4 of autonomous driving). The combination of communication technology and autonomous driving technology, which underpins the notion of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), may improve greatly safety performances when performing highway on-ramp merging. However, even with the emergence of CAVs vehicles, some keys constraints should be considered to achieve a safe on-ramp merging. First, human-driven vehicles will still be present on the road, and it may take decades before all the commercialized vehicles will be fully autonomous and connected. Also, on-board vehicle sensors may provide inaccurate or incomplete data due to sensors limitations and blind spots, especially in such critical situations. To resolve these issues, the present thesis introduces a novel solution that uses an off-board Road-Side Unit (RSU) to realize fully automated highway on-ramp merging for connected and automated vehicles. Our proposed approach is based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict drivers’ intentions. This prediction is used as an input state to a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent that outputs the longitudinal acceleration for the merging vehicle. To achieve this, we first show how the road-side unit may be used to enhance perception in the on-ramp zone. We then propose a driver intention model that can predict the behavior of the human-driven vehicles in the main highway lane, with 99% accuracy. We use the output of this model as an input state to train a Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (TD3) agent that learns « safe » and « cooperative » driving policy to perform highway on-ramp merging. We show that our proposed decision-making strategy improves performance compared to the solutions proposed previously
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Oliveira, Eciene Helena Pereira Dantas de. "Reforçadores Generalizados e o Comportamento Depressivo em Contexto Clínico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2004. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1922.
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Previous issue date: 2004-04-30The objective of this research was to study the behavior of those who get depressed in a therapeutic context, where behavior approach was used starting from the presumption of the Applied Analysis of the Behavior, with emphasis on the Psychological Behaviorism by Arthur Wilbur Staats among others. Two people from the feminine gender with diagnoses of depression took part in this study and both of them were selected following pre-established criteria by the researcher between May 16th and September 08th, 2003, with a break of thirty days between the INT-II and INT-III. These sessions took place in an office at a private clinic of psychological treatment in Goiânia. Besides the video camera, which had a photographic camera and video, VHS tape, color TV, computer (PC) and printer, were also used and authorization signed by both participants on the procedures adopted in each session, Questionnaire of Vital History (Lázarus, 1980), sheet of auto evaluation of the emotional state, which used to be filled in through verbal answer of the participants at the beginning and at the end of each session, Depression Inventory Beck (BDI), which specifically measures the intensity of depression, with written answers of the participants and the behavior changes record, applied in two phases of the outline (LB-I e INT-III), by a member of the family, with the objective of recording the behavior changes shown by the participants, during and after the intervention. For the development of the adopted procedure, the Outline of Reversion in the format ABAB-B was used, considering that in interventions I, II and III the Generalized Conditional Reinforcement was used when the researcher was reinforcing the positive verbal account with an Approval Sing contingent upon positive verbalized ideas and a Disapproval Sign contingent upon negative verbalized ideas of each participant for all emotional positive and negative speech in each session. The procedure for the typescripts of the shot sessions consisted in the observation and record of all positive speech of the participants during the forty eight sessions, being twenty four of each participant. In the same way was proceeded the enumeration of the negative speech. At the end of the research, according to the graphics and tables it is possible to note that there was a reduction on the intensity of negative verbal emotional repertoire, common in depressed people, having as a primordial element the use of Generalized Conditional Reinforcement in the depressive behavior change in a clinic context.
O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi o estudo do comportamento de deprimirse no contexto terapêutico, onde foi utilizada a abordagem Comportamental a partir dos pressupostos da Análise Aplicada do Comportamento, com ênfase no Behaviorismo Psicológico de Arthur Wilbur Staats entre outros. Participaram desse estudo duas pessoas do sexo feminino com o diagnóstico de depressão, sendo que as mesmas foram selecionadas, segundo os critérios: a) ser diagnosticadas por psiquiatra como tendo sintomas depressivos; b) disponibilidade de horário compatível com o andamento da pesquisa; c) apresentar um repertório verbalemocional negativo; d) concordar em comparecer ao consultório duas vezes por semana durante o período selecionado para a coleta de dados; e) não estar fazendo uso de medicamentos por pelo menos 90 dias. As sessões terapêuticas e procedimentos foram realizados pela mestranda/pesquisadora, entre o período de 16 de maio a 08 de setembro do ano de 2003, com um intervalo de 30 dias entre a Intervenção-II (INT-I) e Intervenção-III (INT-III). Estas sessões foram realizadas em consultório de uma clínica particular de atendimento psicológico em Goiânia. Além de câmera de vídeo com tripé para máquina fotográfica e vídeo, fita de VHS, aparelho receptor de televisão em cores, computador (PC) e impressora, foram também utilizadas uma autorização assinada pelas participantes para o procedimento das sessões de atendimento psicológico, ficha controle de procedimentos adotados em cada sessão, Questionário de História Vital (Lázarus, 1980), folha de auto-avaliação do estado emocional, a qual era preenchida mediante resposta verbal das participantes no início e final de cada sessão, Inventário de Depressão Beck (BDI), que mede especificamente a intensidade da depressão, mediante resposta escrita pelas participantes e o Registro de Mudanças Comportamentais, aplicado em duas fases do delineamento Linha de Base I(LB-I) e Intervenção (INT-III), por um membro da família, visando registrar as mudanças comportamentais manifestas das participantes, durante e após a intervenção. Para o desenvolvimento do procedimento adotado, foi utilizado o Delineamento de Reversão no formato ABAB-B, sendo que nas Intervenções-I, II e III foi utilizado o reforço condicionado generalizado quando então a mestranda/pesquisadora reforçava os relatos verbais positivos com um Sinal de Aprovação contingente as verbalizações positivas e um Sinal de Desaprovação contingente as verbalizações negativas de cada participante para todas as falas emocionais positivas e negativas em cada sessão. O procedimento para transcrição das sessões filmadas consistiu na observação e registros de todas as falas positivas das participantes nas quarenta e oito sessões, sendo vinte e quatro de cada participante. Do mesmo modo procedeu-se a enumeração seqüencial das falas negativas. Ao final da pesquisa, de acordo com os gráficos e tabelas pode-se observar que houve uma redução na intensidade do repertório verbal-emocional negativo, comum em pessoas depressivas, tendo como elemento primordial a utilização dos reforçadores condicionados generalizados na mudança de comportamento depressivo em contexto clínico.
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Castro, Neto Henrique de. "Uma nova abordagem de aprendizagem de máquina combinando elicitação automática de casos, aprendizagem por reforço e mineração de padrões sequenciais para agentes jogadores de damas." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2016. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/18143.
Full textAbstract:
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisAgentes que operam em ambientes onde as tomadas de decisão precisam levar em conta, além do ambiente, a atuação minimizadora de um oponente (tal como nos jogos), é fundamental que o agente seja dotado da habilidade de, progressivamente, traçar um perĄl de seu adversário que o auxilie em seu processo de seleção de ações apropriadas. Entretanto, seria improdutivo construir um agente com um sistema de tomada de decisão baseado apenas na elaboração desse perĄl, pois isso impediria o agente de ter uma Şidentidade própriaŤ, o que o deixaria a mercê de seu adversário. Nesta direção, este trabalho propõe um sistema automático jogador de Damas híbrido, chamado ACE-RL-Checkers, dotado de um mecanismo dinâmico de tomada de decisões que se adapta ao perĄl de seu oponente no decorrer de um jogo. Em tal sistema, o processo de seleção de ações (movimentos) é conduzido por uma composição de Rede Neural de Perceptron Multicamadas e biblioteca de casos. No caso, a Rede Neural representa a ŞidentidadeŤ do agente, ou seja, é um módulo tomador de decisões estático já treinado e que faz uso da técnica de Aprendizagem por Reforço TD( ). Por outro lado, a biblioteca de casos representa o módulo tomador de decisões dinâmico do agente que é gerada pela técnica de Elicitação Automática de Casos (um tipo particular de Raciocínio Baseado em Casos). Essa técnica possui um comportamento exploratório pseudo-aleatório que faz com que a tomada de decisão dinâmica do agente seja guiada, ora pelo perĄl de jogo do adversário, ora aleatoriamente. Contudo, ao conceber tal arquitetura, é necessário evitar o seguinte problema: devido às características inerentes à técnica de Elicitação Automática de Casos, nas fases iniciais do jogo Ű em que a quantidade de casos disponíveis na biblioteca é extremamente baixa em função do exíguo conhecimento do perĄl do adversário Ű a frequência de tomadas de decisão aleatórias seria muito elevada, o que comprometeria o desempenho do agente. Para atacar tal problema, este trabalho também propõe incorporar à arquitetura do ACE-RLCheckers um terceiro módulo, composto por uma base de regras de experiência extraída a partir de jogos de especialistas humanos, utilizando uma técnica de Mineração de Padrões Sequenciais. O objetivo de utilizar tal base é reĄnar e acelerar a adaptação do agente ao perĄl de seu adversário nas fases iniciais dos confrontos entre eles. Resultados experimentais conduzidos em torneio envolvendo ACE-RL-Checkers e outros agentes correlacionados com este trabalho, conĄrmam a superioridade da arquitetura dinâmica aqui proposta.
ake into account, in addition to the environment, the minimizing action of an opponent (such as in games), it is fundamental that the agent has the ability to progressively trace a proĄle of its adversary that aids it in the process of selecting appropriate actions. However, it would be unsuitable to construct an agent with a decision-making system based on only the elaboration of this proĄle, as this would prevent the agent from having its Şown identityŤ, which would leave it at the mercy of its opponent. Following this direction, this work proposes an automatic hybrid Checkers player, called ACE-RL-Checkers, equipped with a dynamic decision-making mechanism, which adapts to the proĄle of its opponent over the course of the game. In such a system, the action selection process (moves) is conducted through a composition of Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and case library. In the case, Neural Network represents the ŞidentityŤ of the agent, i.e., it is an already trained static decision-making module and makes use of the Reinforcement Learning TD( ) techniques. On the other hand, the case library represents the dynamic decision-making module of the agent, which is generated by the Automatic Case Elicitation technique (a particular type of Case-Based Reasoning). This technique has a pseudo-random exploratory behavior, which makes the dynamic decision-making on the part of the agent to be directed, either by the game proĄle of the opponent or randomly. However, when devising such an architecture, it is necessary to avoid the following problem: due to the inherent characteristics of the Automatic Case Elicitation technique, in the game initial phases, in which the quantity of available cases in the library is extremely low due to low knowledge content concerning the proĄle of the adversary, the decisionmaking frequency for random decisions is extremely high, which would be detrimental to the performance of the agent. In order to attack this problem, this work also proposes to incorporate onto the ACE-RL-Checkers architecture a third module composed of a base of experience rules, extracted from games played by human experts, using a Sequential Pattern Mining technique. The objective behind using such a base is to reĄne and accelerate the adaptation of the agent to the proĄle of its opponent in the initial phases of their confrontations. Experimental results conducted in tournaments involving ACE-RL-Checkers and other agents correlated with this work, conĄrm the superiority of the dynamic architecture proposed herein.
Tese (Doutorado)
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Ho, Dinh Khanh. "Gestion des ressources et de l’énergie orientée qualité de service pour les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4000.
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Les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes deviennent de plus en plus complexes avec l’intégration de composants de capteurs et d’actionneurs et de fonctionnalités avancées pour effectuer les missions réelles. Pour ces systèmes techniques, les exigences sont divisées en deux catégories : les exigences fonctionnelles et les exigences non-fonctionnelles. Alors que les exigences fonctionnelles représentent ce que le robot doit faire pour accomplir la mission, les exigences non-fonctionnelles représentent la façon dont le robot exécute la mission. Ainsi, la qualité de service et l’efficacité énergétique d’une mission robotique sont classées dans cette catégorie. L’autonomie de ces systèmes est pleinement atteinte lorsque les exigences fonctionnelles et non-fonctionnelles sont garanties sans aucune intervention humaine ni aucun contrôle externe. Cependant, ces systèmes mobiles sont naturellement confrontés à des contraintes de disponibilité des ressources et de capacité énergétique, notamment dans le cadre de mission à longue durée, ces contraintes deviennent plus critiques. De plus, la performance de ces systèmes est également influencée par des conditions environnementales inattendues et non structurées dans lesquelles ils interagissent. La gestion des ressources et de l’énergie en cours de mission est donc un défi pour les robots mobiles autonomes afin de garantir les objectifs de performance souhaités tout en respectant les contraintes. Dans ce contexte, la capacité du système robotique à prendre conscience de ses propres comportements internes et de son environnement physique et à s’adapter à ces circonstances dynamiques devient importante.Cette thèse porte sur la qualité de service et l’efficacité énergétique des systèmes robotiques mobiles et propose une gestion hiérarchique en cours d’exécution afin de garantir ces objectifs non-fonctionnels de chaque mission robotique. Au niveau de la gestion locale de chaque mission, un MISSION MANAGER utilise un mécanisme de prise de décision fondé sur l’apprentissage par renforcement pour reconfigurer automatiquement certains paramètres clés propres à la mission afin de minimiser le niveau de violation des objectifs de performance et des objectifs énergétiques requis. Au niveau de la gestion globale de l’ensemble du système, un MULTI-MISSION MANAGER s’appuie sur des règles de prise de décision et des techniques de raisonnement par cas pour suivre les ressources du système et les réponses des MISSION MANAGERs afin de décider de réallouer le budget énergétique, de régler la qualité du service et de déclencher l’apprentissage en ligne pour chaque mission robotique. La méthodologie proposée a été prototypée et validée avec succès dans un environnement de simulation et le cadre de gestion est également intégré dans notre système robotique mobile réel basé sur une base mobile de Pioneer-3DX équipée d’une plate-forme embarquée de NVIDIA Jetson XavierMobile robotic systems are becoming more and more complex with the integration of advanced sensing and acting components and functionalities to perform the real required missions. For these technical systems, the requirements are divided into two categories: functional and non-functional requirements. While functional requirements represent what the robot must do to accomplish the mission, non-functional requirements represent how the robot performs the mission. Thus, the quality of service and energy efficiency of a robotic mission are classified in this category. The autonomy of these systems is fully achieved when both functional and non-functional requirements are guaranteed without any human intervention or any external control. However, these mobile systems are naturally confronted with resource availability and energy capacity constraints, particularly in the context of long-term missions, these constraints become more critical. In addition, the performance of these systems is also influenced by unexpected and unstructured environmental conditions in which they interact. The management of resources and energy during operation is therefore a challenge for autonomous mobile robots in order to guarantee the desired performance objectives while respecting constraints. In this context, the ability of the robotic system to become aware of its own internal behaviors and physical environment and to adapt to these dynamic circumstances becomes important.This thesis focuses on the quality of service and energy efficiency of mobile robotic systems and proposes a hierarchical run-time management in order to guarantee these non-functional objectives of each robotic mission. At the local management level of each robotic mission, a Mission Manager employs a reinforcement learning-based decision-making mechanism to automatically reconfigure certain key mission-specific parameters to minimize the level of violation of required performance and energy objectives. At the global management level of the whole system, a Multi-Mission Manager leveraged rule-based decision-making and case-based reasoning techniques monitors the system's resources and the responses of Mission Managers in order to decide to reallocate the energy budget, regulate the quality of service and trigger the online learning for each robotic mission.The proposed methodology has been successfully prototyped and validated in a simulation environment and the run-time management framework is also integrated into our real mobile robotic system based on a Pioneer-3DX mobile base equipped with an embedded NVIDIA Jetson Xavier platform
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Shih, Chiu-Yen, and 石秋炎. "Case study on reinforcement of slope stability." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5smv5g.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
102
This research is studying a case history of slope sliding, located at the border of Sin Jhuang, Taishan and Guishan regions. Due to the excavation of the toe of this slope, a series of tension cracks appears on this large slope area indicating a sliding slope is pending, on which buildings and asphalt pavement roadways are troubled by differential settlements and tensile cracks. Residents in this area request the authority to provide a safe living environment and ask for the immediate suspension. How to reinforce the unsafe slope become an important issue. The authority takes the following remedial measures by adding additional retaining piles with anchors, and increasing the monitoring items and frequency. The monitoring results are used to assess the safety of slope and justice of these remedial measures. In addition, a cut and cover method is adopted to replace the original open cut method. This underground structure will provide stability to the sliding slope. This research studies the remedial measures, feed-back numerical analysis and two years’ monitoring data. Hopefully the results from this study can benefit the future planning, designing and constructing of those projects in the similar geological condition.
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Gomes, Tiago Salgado Magalhães Taveira. "Reinforcement Learning for Primary care e Appointment Scheduling." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108395.
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Gomes, Tiago Salgado Magalhães Taveira. "Reinforcement Learning for Primary care e Appointment Scheduling." Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108395.
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Ahamed, Ahamed Mohaideen Riyas. "Reproductive isolation in the striped mouse Rhabdomys: a case for reinforcement?" Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2105.
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Student Number : 0419128X -
MSc Dissertation -
School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences -
Faculty of ScienceReproductive isolation was investigated in two chromosomally distinct populations of Rhabdomys on the Gauteng highveld. The two populations, Midrand (2n = 48) and Irene (2n = 46), occur 15 km apart, with no known contact or hybrid zone between them. Behavioural experiments, comprising male-female dyadic encounters and female preference tests for same-and different-population male odour, were used to test for premating barriers. Aggression levels were highest in different-population than same-population dyads, and females spent more time with odours of males from their own population than of those of the other population. Breeding and postnatal development studies were conducted to establish postmating barriers. Compared to different-population pairs, reproductive success was markedly reduced in different-population pairings, and the few hybrids that were produced did not breed. My studies indicate that behavioural isolation is well-developed between the Midrand and Irene striped mice, and suggest that the mate recognition system has diverged in allopatry, which would reduce gene flow between the two populations. Such divergence supports the findings of mtDNA studies by other workers who proposed that the two chromosomal forms used in my study represent two subspecies of R. dilectus. Previous studies showed that distant striped mice populations (>900km) displayed behavioural divergence and intermediately located populations (~80km) were behavioural compatible but had hybrid failure; the Irene population was used in both studies. In comparison, the behavioural incompatibility between the closely-located Midrand and Irene populations provides support for the reinforcement of previous postmating isolation seen in the intermediately located populations, particularly since no contact or hybrid zone exists between the two forms. However, I cannot rule out other explanations, such as dissimilar ecological conditions, influencing interfertility.
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Chen, Wan-Yu, and 陳婉玉. "Bidding Process Reinforcement and Price Inference: An Application Case of PCBA-OEM Project." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24842832894558109739.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
98
Abstract With the intensified pressure for cost-efficiency in electronics industry, OBM (Original Brand Manufacturer) turns into inviting bids for manufacturing of new project development. Bidding invitation is an approach to discern a lowest cost from a range of bids submitted by bidders. For a bidder, how to improve the project process effectiveness for promoting successful project rate is a critical issue to be prosperous. Top-down process controlling is the conventional approach to process management which is concentrated on the intra phase process management. Phase is the division of project process by which project stages are defined. Based on top-down approach, the inter-phase dependency is overlooked which might lead to the delay in bidding proposal. On the other hand, bidding price precision is influenced by the implicit bidding knowledge. The knowledge loss of implicit bidding experience results in the poor bidding performance. In this research, Attribute-based bottom-up process reinforcement was introduced to make analysis on current model. Attribute is the essence is the essence of document. Started from document analysis, Critical Contents are generated for process re-phasing. Besides, the objective-aligned Critical Contents are suggested to be pre-acquired for higher project effectiveness. A fuzzy-based bidding price inference model was built to assist price determining based on the predefined IF-THEN rules. IF-THEN rules are abstracted from previous success bidding projects. This inference model solves the problem of bidding knowledge loss. The error rate of discrepancy between actual bidding price and inferred price was limited to +/-5% based on this model. Keywords: PCBA OEM, bidding process reinforcement, document relevancy, bidding effectiveness, knowledge reuse, fuzzy-based bidding price inference
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Wu, Pin-Jui, and 吳彬銳. "Case Studies of the Pile Foundation Reinforcement Methods for the Low-Clearance Bridges." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08756079561068518968.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
99
Despite ten odd years lapsing since the 921 Earthquake in Taiwan, a variety of disaster-induced reconstruction projects are still ongoing wherein bridges and roads in any post-disaster reconstruction project are the most important infrastructure affecting a nation’s overall economic development and people’s lives. The limitation of the low clearance considered in construction machinery for the design of reinforcing pile foundation of bridge. It is necessary to take the mini-pile in place of a large pile as one solution in difficult construction with low clearance limitation. This study selected three types of piles, e.g., low clearance all casting pile, vibro-steel pile, and high strength mini-pile, in three different construction projects with the hypothetically identical geologic conditions in a similar geologic environment. After comparing and analyzing these piles thereof in their construction rates, cost analyses, bearing capacities, clearance limitations, hole collapses, inspection procedures, and geologic effects for any conceptual discussions of designing mini-piles instead of large piles due to restricted construction space, which can be taken as references to select applicable piles in the design stage.
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Auslander, Bryan. "Recognizing the enemy: Combining reinforcement learning with case based reasoning in domination games." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1463957.
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Hsu, Jia-Lin, and 許嘉麟. "Using Reinforcement Learning and Case-Based Reasoning in Multi-Agent Pursuit-Evasion Game." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22asfc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
資訊工程系研究所
99
In multi-agent pursuit-evasion game, pursuers need to coordinate the behavior of each other to achieve a common goal, catching the evader. In this paper, we propose a learning mechanism of capture in a dynamic environment of pursuit-evasion game. We deal with uncertainty in environment by using training and divide into two different ways of learning by cooperation or not. One is individual learning and the other is case-based reasoning. Therefore, agents can have memory and learning ability, so can catch evader more quickly. We demonstrate our approach by a pursuit-evasion game, and then we use Repast (The Recursive Porous Agent Simulation Toolkit) as the agent platform to implement our multi-agent system.
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Cruz, Diogo Henrique Marques. "Deep Reinforcement Learning in Strategic Multi-Agent Games: the case of No-Press Diplomacy." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/121255.
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Guan, Tang-Xun, and 關棠勛. "Improving Learning Efficacy of Reinforcement Learning from Seniors' Knowledge ─ A Case Study on TD-GAMMON." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04667405408205434284.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
資訊工程學系(所)
96
Reinforcement learning is a special machine learning method. It is different from supervised learning. It can learn by self-play without using examples. This represents that it can study in an unknown environment, but supervised learning can’t. But the questions we usually meet aren’t located in the unknown environment. In other words, we usually have a lot of experiences that can be referred. Take chess as the example, we have many sources of experiences. In this case, if we don’t use those knowledge may waste those resources. Therefore the goal we study is how to combine self-play and those knowledge. We take TD-Gammon as the example, TD-Gammon is one of the most impressive applications of reinforcement learning. The learning algorithm in TD-Gammon was a straightforward combination of the TD($\lambda $) algorithm and nonlinear function approximation using a multilayer neural network trained by backpropagating TD errors. TD-Gammon learned to play extremely well, near the level of the world's strongest grandmasters. We entered seniors' knowledge in TD-Gammon self-play process, and improving learning efficacy. Moreover, we attempt improving learning efficacy further by using more seniors. Keywords: Reinforcement learning; TD-Gammon
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Rispoli, Mandy Jenkins 1979. "The effects of motivating operations on levels of challenging behavior and academic engagement in the classroom." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18396.
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Young children with autism often engage in challenging behaviors. Such behaviors can lead to social isolation and decreased time spent in instruction. Previous research has demonstrated that antecedent based interventions can reduce challenging behavior in young children with autism. These interventions often alter reinforcement contingencies in order to decrease challenging behavior. However, research has shown that it is also possible to target an individual's motivation to engage in challenging behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a manipulation of the motivating operation on challenging behavior as well as academic engagement for young children with autism. A motivating operation (MO) alters the value of reinforcement as well as the frequency of behavior previously correlated with accessing reinforcement. When the value of reinforcement is decreased and the frequency of behavior correlated with that reinforcement is decreased, the abolishing operation is in effect. One method for reducing the value of reinforcement is to provide the individual with unrestricted access to reinforcement until the individual reaches a level of satiation. Through the use of the abolishing operation it is possible to alter the frequency of challenging behavior without altering reinforcement contingencies. In this study five young children with autism who engaged in challenging behavior were exposed to two conditions. One condition involved a manipulation of the abolishing operation in which participants were given unrestricted access to the consequence maintaining their challenging behavior prior to classroom sessions. In the second condition the participants entered into the classroom session without presession access to reinforcement. The influence of the abolishing operation was assessed with respect to levels of challenging behavior and levels of academic engagement in the classroom. Results demonstrated that presession access to the maintaining consequence of challenging behavior reduced challenging behavior and simultaneously increased academic engagement for all participants.text
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Lin, Hsin-Yi, and 林欣宜. "A Dynamic-Data-Driven Application System Based on Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study of Taiwan Stock Market." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67b732.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊管理研究所
104
Most analysis on time series data are based on a static approach, such as selecting specific time period in order to analyze relation strength. Although they are simple and intuitive, they lack of considerations on data interaction between themselves and on the fact that the data correlation strength will change as time goes by. Consequently, their predictions usually are not accurate. This thesis proposes a dynamic-data-driven application system based on reinforcement learning. This proposed system uses reinforcement learning to find correlation strength between time series data and uses dynamic-data-driven application system to consider the characteristic of data interaction between themselves. The time series data are from 50 Taiwan IPO stock market(Jun. 1, 2015~Jun. 1, 2016), on which its volume is 600-1000 per day. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy is raised from 45.3% to 60.2%. The proposed system can be used in portfolio making reference to the correlation between stocks.
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TWO, THR-EE, and 凃淑麗. "A case study on the structural reinforcement of school buildings of junior high school satisfaction in Pingtung County." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55504317349933082180.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東教育大學
教育行政研究所
102
English ：Taiwan earthquake were frequently.In recent years , several major earthquakes in the school were damage serious. Since 2005, the school buildings earthquake-resistant ability of improved operations, National Center for earthquake engineering research, developed a school structure reinforcement method to improve existing school buildings. After the“921 earthquake”of 1999, National Center also established a earthquake damage database for primary and secondary schools in Nantou County, as school building validation of seismic capacity evaluation method in detail. Then to Chaoyang campus in Pingtung County, whole the school built planning for cases, in the explored school structure capacity of detailed assessment and school up stronger, and in completed up stronger of school building for real user of satisfaction grade; and collected for school overall planning of policy and practices in Japan, British and China, to next stage domestic school building of reference.
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LAI, TZU-CHIANG, and 賴子欽. "Use of Ground Pentrating Radar for the Corrosion Inspection of Reinforcement-A Case Study of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Wall." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96126477076927996133.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
土木工程學系碩士在職專班
100
Currently the ground penetrating radar has been widely used for detection of reinforced concrete components, but few studies have ever conducted in-depth investigation of the detection of corrosion of reinforcing steel within these components by ground penetration radar. Based on the use of electromagnetic wave detection technology of ground penetration radar, in this study we use the reinforcing steel corrosion detector to measure the corrosion current to investigate and analyze the corrosion of reinforcing steel within the structure of retaining wall. The content of this experiment is to select the areas of reinforced concrete with more severe corrosion and exposure of reinforcing steel as the areas of focus for detection, and we use the retaining wall for our field measurement to investigate the extent of corrosion of reinforcing steel based on ground penetration radar detection technology and reinforcing steel corrosion detector. We have studied the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel within the actual site of retaining wall based on non-destructive detection to evaluate the feasibility of using ground penetrating radar for corroded reinforcing steel as the additional determination and evaluation approach.
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Brunelle, Deborah. "Self-monitoring and reinforcement contracting in behavioral self-management of type II diabetes a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science (Community Health Nursing) ... /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68796071.html.
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Yu, Chun-Kai, and 游鈞凱. "Exploration of the Relationship of Riverbed Reinforcement Improvement Programs and Landscape Consistency:A Case Study of Streams in Nan-shih-keng." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41794168830325982218.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
環境與防災設計學系碩士班
101
Riverbed reinforcements are river engineering facilities used to control water flow rate, reduce erosion degree of riverbed and riverbank by vertical and lateral water flow forces, and stabilize riverbank, and they are often used to protect revetment and prevent the collapse of riverbank. Although the construction of riverbed reinforcements can reduce the occurrence of floods, but it also often results in impacts on ecological environment, and even on landscape environment. Therefore, how to properly design riverbed reinforcements or conduct improvements for established riverbed reinforcements, so as to reduce or lower the impacts on ecological environment and landscape environment, is an important research topic in current days. This paper uses streams located in Nan-shih-keng, Shihding District, New Taipei City as a case study to explore the relationship between riverbed reinforcement improvement programs and landscape consistency. First, this study conducted analysis of potential stream environment problems and then proposed improvement and rehabilitation programs for established riverbed reinforcements in streams; next, in order to understand whether the gap between upstream and downstream of river channel can be improved as well as the impact on water depth when different particle sizes of rubble stones are riprapped or piled in downstream of riverbed reinforcements, this study carried out model design and experiments for improvement programs may be used; and finally, adopted non-expert public preference assessment method to explore the relationship between riverbed reinforcement improvement programs and landscape consistency. This study reveals that as a result of the construction of a series of riverbed reinforcements along the streams in Nan-shih-keng, riverbed surfaces are flattened and homogenized, average flow rate is increased, area of fish habitats is decreased, and migration of local native fishes is affected. The riverbed reinforcement improvement and rehabilitation programs proposed in this paper include: (1) improvement programs: lower the height of original riverbed reinforcements, embed rubble stones on riverbed reinforcement surface in or not in intervals, and lay stones in downstream of riverbed reinforcements; (2) rehabilitation programs: remove original riverbed reinforcements, and adopt riprap in river channels. From the analysis of the results of riverbed reinforcement downstream riprap experiment, it is revealed that the required water depth condition suitable for fish migration will be created if lay stones of particle size larger than 70cm in downstream of riverbed reinforcements with longitudinal slope of 1/8 and maintain a gap of 20-40cm. Finally, this study investigated the relationship between riverbed reinforcement improvement programs and landscape consistency, it is shown that river channel rehabilitation programs have high landscape consistency.
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Mota, João Manuel Justo da. "O reforço do comportamento na relação médico-doente." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/30484.
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Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina, apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra.A relação médico-doente é de índole eminentemente comunicacional, estando sujeita à norma da linguagem. O seu carácter único é definido pela sua assimetria e complementaridade, sendo a sua funcionalidade garantia de qualidade comunicacional e por conseguinte de maior satisfação com a interacção tanto por parte do doente como por parte do médico, assim como de adesão do doente à terapêutica prescrita pelo médico. Após revisão bibliográfica focando os modelos e atitudes de comunicação e suas características, assim como os mecanismos de reforço e as suas variantes, com vista a averiguar quais as suas condições específicas de maior potencial de efectividade, revelou-se que a adopção de um modelo centrado no doente (respeitando a abordagem biopsicossocial) é necessária à eficácia do reforço mas que, por outro lado, a sua adopção também implica o reforço do comportamento de comunicação do doente. Não sendo este um facto paradoxal ambas as componentes concorrem, de forma directa e indirecta, para a adesão terapêutica.
The physician-patient relationship is one of an eminently communicational propensity, being subject to the linguistic norm. Its unique character is one of an asymmetrical and complementary nature, once its functionality ensures a high degree of communication quality and hence a more satisfactory interaction for both patient and doctor and it also boosts the patient's adhesion to the doctor's prescribed therapy. After bibliographic revision focusing on the models and attitudes of communication and its characteristics as well as the mechanics of reinforcement and its variants purporting to ascertain their specific conditions of greater effective potential, the adoption of a patient-centred model (following the biopsychosocial approach) has revealed itself as necessary to the effectiveness of reinforcement although, on the other hand, its adoption also implies a reinforcement of the patient's communication. Without it being a paradoxical fact, both these elements combine, in a direct and an indirect way, toward therapeutic adhesion.
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Lai, Chingyi, and 賴靜儀. "The different personality traits of elementary school teachers how to use reinforcements in classroom management.－Case of Miaoly County." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9tbqt6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
教育學系(所)
98
The research applied the personality traits theory and aimed to explore the elementary school teachers how to use reinforcements in classroom management and to explore the difference of personality traits of teachers in different background variables. The research adopt the questionnaire survey method. Before designing research frames, researcher explored the literature to understand the conception and relative research. The research plan the questionnaire by five experts' questionnaire expert validity. Before the experiment, the researcher asked 30 elementary school teachers in Miaoli County to take the pretest. After correcting the questionnaire, the researcher asked 320 elementary school teachers in Miaoli County to complete the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 12.0 with statistic methods, including descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, pearson correlation. The major conclusions of this research were summarized as follows: 1. The condition of the elementary school teachers used the reinforcements in classroom management： （1） The elementary school teachers often take「giving stationery」as material reinforcement. （2） The elementary school teachers often take「reading story books」as active reinforcement. （3） The elementary school teachers often take「praise in public」as social reinforcement 2. The difference of personality traits of teachers in different background variables （1）The scores of agreeableness female teachers is more significant than male ones. The male teacher get the highest score in the score of openness. （2）There is no difference in personality traits between seniority and grades. 3. The difference of teachers in different background variables use reinforcements in classroom management. （1）The female teachers use reinforcements in classroom management are more often than male ones. And male teachers feel harder in using reinforcements than female ones. （2）When using reinforcements, the teachers of teaching period of service within 5 years felt harder than between 16-20 years. （3）Junior-grade teachers used social reinforcements more often than senior-grade teachers. When using reinforcement, middle-grade and senior-grade teachers felt harder than the junior-grade teachers. 4. The correlations of personality of teacher and teacher use the reinforcements in the classroom management demonstrate that the agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and opening personality of teachers are more often using reinforcements in the classroom management. At last, suggestions from the study are provided for teaching and for related researches in the future.
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Steves, Gregory D. "Reinforcement of "place" through community planning : a multi-goal evaluation of City of Richmond Bylaw 7100, Schedule 2.4 ; a case study of Steveston, B.C." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22605.
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Baumann, Paula Kerler. "The Relationship between Individual and Organizational Characteristics and Nurse Innovation Behavior." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2603.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Nurses are a key component of the health care system and have the ability to provide innovative solutions to improve quality and safety for patients, while improving workplace conditions, and increasing recruitment and retention of nurses. Encouraging innovation behaviors among nurses is essential to improving health care. Innovation behaviors are defined as behavior from an employee toward developing new products, developing new markets, or improving business routines in their employing organization. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the relationships among individual and organizational characteristics and employee innovation behavior among nurses. The proposed model, The Framework for Study of Innovation Behaviors among Nurses, was developed based on the work by Kuratko, Hornsby, and Montagno and is specific to nursing innovation behaviors.