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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reinforcement Schedules

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Journal articles

Academic literature on the topic 'Reinforcement Schedules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Reinforcement Schedules"

1

Latham, Gary P., and Vandra L. Huber. "Schedules of Reinforcement:." Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 12, no. 1 (1991): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j075v12n01_06.

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2

Pérez, Omar D., Michael RF Aitken, Peter Zhukovsky, Fabián A. Soto, Gonzalo P. Urcelay, and Anthony Dickinson. "Human instrumental performance in ratio and interval contingencies: A challenge for associative theory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 2 (2018): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1265996.

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Associative learning theories regard the probability of reinforcement as the critical factor determining responding. However, the role of this factor in instrumental conditioning is not completely clear. In fact, free-operant experiments show that participants respond at a higher rate on variable ratio than on variable interval schedules even though the reinforcement probability is matched between the schedules. This difference has been attributed to the differential reinforcement of long inter-response times (IRTs) by interval schedules, which acts to slow responding. In the present study, we

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3

Mawhinney, Thomas C. "Trigger Pulling for Monetary Reinforcements by a Single Subject during Ninety-Nine Ten-Minute Sessions." Psychological Reports 75, no. 2 (1994): 812–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.2.812.

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Reinforcement maximization by identifying and following switching rules that occurred on conFR/VI-10 sec. reinforcement schedules did not occur when the subject experienced conFR/VI-20 sec. reinforcement schedules. Exclusive preference for the schedule with the lower valued N on conFR-N/FR-N schedules occurred as predicted by both matching and maximization theories of operant choice behavior. Additional research is required to assess the reliability of the phenomenon observed and factors upon which its occurrence may depend.

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4

Reed, Phil. "Human free-operant performance varies with a concurrent task: Probability learning without a task, and schedule-consistent with a task." Learning & Behavior 48, no. 2 (2020): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-019-00398-1.

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AbstractThree experiments examined human rates and patterns of responding during exposure to various schedules of reinforcement with or without a concurrent task. In the presence of the concurrent task, performances were similar to those typically noted for nonhumans. Overall response rates were higher on medium-sized ratio schedules than on smaller or larger ratio schedules (Experiment 1), on interval schedules with shorter than longer values (Experiment 2), and on ratio compared with interval schedules with the same rate of reinforcement (Experiment 3). Moreover, bout-initiation responses we

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5

Shah, K., C. M. Bradshaw, and E. Szabadi. "Performance of Humans in Concurrent Variable-Ratio Variable-Ratio Schedules of Monetary Reinforcement." Psychological Reports 65, no. 2 (1989): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.2.515.

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Four women pressed a button in five two-component concurrent variable-ratio variable-ratio ( conc VR VR) schedules of monetary reinforcement. There was no consistent tendency towards “probability matching” (distribution of responses between the two components in proportion to the relative probabilities of reinforcement); three of the four subjects showed exclusive preference for the schedule associated with the higher probability of reinforcement. These results are similar to results previously obtained with pigeons and rats in concurrent VR VR schedules.

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6

Nuijten, Raoul, Pieter Van Gorp, Alireza Khanshan, et al. "Health Promotion through Monetary Incentives: Evaluating the Impact of Different Reinforcement Schedules on Engagement Levels with a mHealth App." Electronics 10, no. 23 (2021): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232935.

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Background: Financial rewards can be employed in mHealth apps to effectively promote health behaviors. However, the optimal reinforcement schedule—with a high impact, but relatively low costs—remains unclear. Methods: We evaluated the impact of different reinforcement schedules on engagement levels with a mHealth app in a six-week, three-arm randomized intervention trial, while taking into account personality differences. Participants (i.e., university staff and students, N = 61) were awarded virtual points for performing health-related activities. Their performance was displayed via a dashboa

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7

Schuett, Mary Andrews, and J. Michael Leibowitz. "Effects of Divergent Reinforcement Histories upon Differential Reinforcement Effectiveness." Psychological Reports 58, no. 2 (1986): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.2.435.

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The effectiveness of differential reinforcement techniques in reducing lever-pressing was studied as a function of natural reinforcement history and prescribed schedule. Based upon a prebaseline, 30 children with natural high rates of responding and 30 children with natural low rates of responding were reinforced for tapping an assigned key for 15 min. on either a differential reinforcement of low rate (drl 5“) or a differential reinforcement of high rate (Conjunctive VR 10-drh 5”) schedule of reinforcement. Responding on the other key was then reinforced for 15 min. on a variable ratio (VR 35

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8

Steinhauer, Gene D. "Behavioral Contrast on Mixed Schedules." Psychological Reports 78, no. 2 (1996): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.2.673.

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Keypecking by 4 pigeons was studied on mixed schedules of reinforcement. Positive behavioral contrast was found when the schedule was shifted from Mixed VI VI to Mixed VI Extinction only when the VI schedule value was small relative to the component duration.

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9

Ferster, C. B. "SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT WITH SKINNER." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 77, no. 3 (2002): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2002.77-303.

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10

Morse, W. H., and P. B. Dews. "FOREWORD TO SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 77, no. 3 (2002): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2002.77-313.

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