Academic literature on the topic 'Reinsurance claims'

As with any other business that has a risk of any incident in the future, the insurance business also needs protection against the risks that may arise in the company so that the company does not lose. Therefore, the need for anticipation in organizing any claims submitted by the insurance company to Reinsurance Company so that insurance company may assign any or all of the risks to reinsurance companies. In the method of reinsurance excess-of-loss there is a certain retention limits that allow reinsurance companies bear no claims incurred on insurance companies. The results of this study showed the average occurrence of claims and the risks that may be encountered by Reinsurance Company during the period of insurance. The magnitude of the risk assumed by the reinsurer relies on the model claims aggregation formed from individual claim size distribution models and distribution models the number of claims incurred in the period of insurance. Besides the magnitude of risk was also determined from the retention limit of insurance and reinsurance method used.

The reinsurance and investment portfolio of insurance companies has always been a hot issue in insurance business. In insurance practice, it is inevitable for insurance companies to invest their own funds in order to expand their capital scale and enhance market competitiveness so as to obtain greater returns. At the same time, in order for insurance companies to disperse insurance risks and to avoid too concentrated claims or catastrophes caused by failure to perform compensation responsibilities, the purchase of reinsurance business has also become an important way. Stochastic control theory is widely used in reinsurance and investment issues. Based on the reinsurance system architecture, this paper establishes a reinsurance delay risk investment model, which reduces the amount of claims to be borne by buying proportional reinsurance to avoid bankruptcy caused by the excessive amount of claims. By using the delayed venture capital model to describe the earnings of insurance companies, the optimal investment and reinsurance strategy are solved under the optimization criterion of minimizing the probability of bankruptcy. By analyzing the model parameter data, the influence of each parameter on optimal investment strategy and optimal reinsurance strategy is discussed.

AbstractReinsurance treaties defined as generalizations of the classical largest claims reinsurance covers are investigated with respect to the associated risk, defined as the variance of the insurer's retaining total claims amount. Instead of the unhandy variance corresponding handier asymptotic expressions are used. With these an asymptotic efficiency measure for comparing two such reinsurance covers is defined. It is shown that with respect to asymptotic efficiency the excess-of-loss treaty is better than the classical largest claims treaty. Furthermore the problem of giving optimal wheights to the ordered claims of a generalized largest claims cover is discussed.

AbstractIn the present paper the author gives net premium formulae for a generalized largest claims reinsurance cover. If the claim sizes are mutually independent and identically 3-parametric Pareto distributed and the number of claims has a Poisson, binomial or negative binomial distribution, formulae are given from which numerical values can easily be obtained. The results are based on identities for compounded order statistics.

Mestrado em Finanças
Na elaboração deste trabalho tivemos por objectivo verificar cientificamente a veracidade de uma teoria existente no mercado segurador, de que o ciclo económico tem impacto na sinistralidade dos ramos patrimoniais. Ainda segundo esta teoria, os cortes na segurança efectuados pelas empresas em dificuldades, o aumento do desemprego e, consequentemente, da criminalidade, o chamado risco moral, provocam o aumento da taxa de sinistralidade. Tomam-se muitas decisões de gestão nas seguradoras com base na teoria acima, porém não existe, em Portugal, qualquer estudo que demonstre a correlação entre as variações do PIB e a sinistralidade. Com este estudo pretendemos verificar cientificamente a veracidade desta. teoria e encontrar variáveis explicativas para a sinistralidade. Atendendo a que os dados de mercado estão muito agregados e que os da seguradora em estudo se limitam a cinco anos, os resultados do nosso estudo não permitiram provar a teoria. No entanto, criámos um "ponto de partida" para que, com dados de mais alguns anos, se consiga concluir sobre a existência ou não de impacto do ciclo económico sobre a sinistralidade.
The purpose of this research is to verify scientifically the theory of the Insurance market about the impact of the economical cycle in property insurance losses. Accordingly to the above theory, the reduction on the investment with security measures taken by Insurance Companies with several economical problems, the unemployment increasing and consequently, criminality, i.e moral risk, causes de increasing of accident rates. Companies take many management decisions based in the above theory, however, in Portugal, it did not exist any study that proves the correlation between PIB and claimed values. The aim of this study is to prove scientifically the appointed theory and also find the causes that my support losses. Since the market database are very aggregated and the variables of the study Insurance Company refers only to 5 years, the result of the Case Study did not allow to prove the veracity of the above theory. Although we consider this is a first approach, hereafter, considering a consistent database, enable to prove the economical impact in accident rates and consequently losses.

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We examinate the relationship between temperature anomalies and direct insurance claims from brazilian insurance market, as well as their effect on a consumption asset pricing model. To accomplish this, we have studied the effect of the claims and temperature anomalies in the opportunities of future investments. We tested a consumption asset pricing model using brazilian time series. Two consumption, two direct insurance claims and four temperature anomalies series were used in these tests. All series belongs to the interval between september 1996 and december 2007, in a quarterly frequency, two years after the beginning of Real plan and one year before the beggining of the credit crisis of 2008. In some cases we used monthly series. We observed positive and significative correlation between direct claims and temperature anomalies. Two models were better than CCAPM. The first with the growth rate of direct claims and the second with the temperature anomalies series elaborated by Goddard Institute of Space Sciences (GISS/NASA). As a result we observed that GISS temperature anomaly series elaborated by GISS is able to affect the future investment opportunities in brazilian capital market
Examinamos a relação entre anomalias de temperatura e séries de sinistros diretos do mercado segurador brasileiro, bem como seu efeito sobre um modelo de precificação de ativos de consumo. Nossa metodologia consistiu na análise da correlação das anomalias de temperatura com a série de sinistros e no efeito dessas séries nas oportunidades futuras de investimento. Testamos um modelo de precificação de ativos de consumo (CCAPM) condicional com as séries temporais brasileiras. Duas séries de consumo, duas séries de sinistros diretos e quatro séries de anomalias de temperatura foram utilizadas na realização dos testes. Todas as séries pertenceram ao período de setembro de 1996 a dezembro de 2007, com freqüência trimestral, dois anos posteriores ao início do plano Real e um ano antes da crise de crédito de 2008. Em alguns casos utilizamos séries mensais. Observamos a existência de correlação positiva e significativa entre as séries de sinistro direto e as anomalias de temperatura. Dois modelos se apresentaram melhores que o CCAPM clássico. O primeiro com a taxa de crescimento da série de sinistros, com pontos que poderíamos considerar como outliers, e o segundo com a série de anomalias de temperatura do hemisfério sul elaborada pelo Goddard Institute of Space Sciences (GISS/NASA). Como resultado observamos que a série de anomalias de temperatura elaborada pelo GISS é capaz de afetar as oportunidades futuras de investimento no mercado de capitais brasileiro.

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In order to verify the relationship between models of development predominantly adopted, Constitutional Economic Law and regulation of reinsurance activity in Brazil, the present work studies the changes perpetrated on the use of claims handling clauses in reinsurance contracts in specific moments of Brazilian history, when intense reforms caused important changes in the models of regulation and development in this country: the Vargas era, the Castelo Branco presidency and the Fernando Henrique Cardoso presidency. To carry out this task, the present study, first and foremost, examines the reasons that led to the monopolization and the insulation of the national reinsurance sector along with the creation of Brazilian Reinsurance Institute (BRI) in 1939 and establishes its relationship with the model of development implanted after the 1930 Revolution, the transition from liberal to social Law and the Economic Law confined in the 1934 and 1937 Constitutions. Hereinafter, these facts are weighed against the rules that started to regulate the contracts signed between the BRI and the national insurance companies, specifically those that refer to claims handling. Next, the evolution of the reinsurance market regulation, the creation of the Private Insurance National System and the monopoly of the BRI over this activity are analyzed against its interaction with the models of development that guided the role played by the Brazilian State in the following decades and the Economic Law introduced into the 1946, 1967 and the 1988 Constitutions. After, the uses of claims handling clauses in the reinsurance contracts signed by the BRI under the ruling of the Decree number 73/66 are analyzed through the examination of the Retrocession and Reinsurance General Norms (RRGN) and the Retrocession and Reinsurance Specific Norms (RRSN), both enacted by the BRI. In the first chapter of its second part, this work verifies the relation between the neo-liberalism of the 1980’s and 1990’s, the social solidarity constitutional directive and the good-faith principle in order to comprehend how the changes in the constitutional text made in the 1990’s and the 2000’s altered the negotiation of reinsurance contracts in Brazil. This is aimed at clarifying the correlation between the de-monopolization and the opening of the Brazilian reinsurance activity, the current Constitutional Economic Law and the announced change in the development strategy implemented by the Brazilian government. In order to understand how private corporations started behaving in the recently opened market, the preset dissertation investigates the use of claims handling clauses in reinsurance contracts through the analysis of collected answers to given questionnaires, Brazilian and foreign doctrine on the matter and reinsurance standard contracts in use nowadays. In this same chapter, the possible changes on the comprehension of the international character of the reinsurance activity will also be examined in order to determine the current importance of the international customs as a hermeneutic model and an evidence of a general practice accepted as law. Finally, this work studies the rules proposed by the Bill nº 2.555/2004 and its Substitutes about the use of claims handling clauses in reinsurance contracts. At this moment, some alternative writings of the articles examined are suggested, in addition to some points to be considered in order to define the amplitude of the freedom to contract those clauses granted to the parties.
Para verificar a relação entre modelos de desenvolvimento predominantemente adotados, Direito Econômico Constitucional e regulamentação da atividade ressecuritária no Brasil, o presente trabalho analisa as alterações acarretadas ao uso de cláusulas de regulação de sinistro em contratos de resseguro em determinados momentos da história brasileira, quando intensas reformas promoveram importantes mudanças nos modelos de regulamentação e de desenvolvimento do país: a Era Vargas, a gestão de Castelo Branco, e o Governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Para isto, o presente estudo primeiramente avalia as razões que levaram à monopolização e ao insulamento do setor de resseguros nacional com a criação do Instituto de Resseguros do Brasil (IRB) em 1939 e estabelece a sua relação com o modelo de desenvolvimento implantado a partir da Revolução de 1930, a transição do Direito liberal ao social e as normas de Direito Econômico contidas nas Constituições de 1934 e 1937. Disto posto, estes fatos são correlacionados com as normas que passaram a reger os contratos firmados entre o IRB e as companhias seguradoras nacionais, especificamente aquelas referentes às regulação de sinistros. Em seguida, a evolução da regulamentação do mercado ressecuritário, a criação do Sistema Nacional de Seguros Privados e o monopólio do IRB sobre esta atividade são analisados a partir de sua interação com os modelos de desenvolvimento que nortearam a atuação estatal nas décadas seguintes e o Direito Econômico consagrado nas Constituições de 1946, 1967 e 1988. Após, são estudados os usos das cláusulas de regulação de sinistro nos contratos de resseguro firmados pelo órgão monopolista sob a vigência do Decreto-Lei no 73/66 a partir do exame das Normas Gerais de Resseguro e Retrocessão (NGRR) e de algumas Normas Específicas de Resseguro e Retrocessão (NERR), ambas editadas pelo IRB. No primeiro capítulo de sua segunda parte, este trabalho averigua a relação entre o neoliberalismo das décadas de 1980 e 1990, a diretriz constitucional da solidariedade social e o princípio da boa-fé para compreender como as alterações no texto constitucional perpetradas nas décadas de 1990 e 2000 modificaram a contratação de resseguro no país. Com isto, é esclarecida a correlação entre a desmonopolização e a abertura da atividade ressecuritária brasileira, o Direito Econômico Constitucional atualmente em vigor e a apontada mudança da estratégia de desenvolvimento implantada pelo Estado brasileiro. Para entender como passaram a atuar os agentes privados, o presente estudo investiga a utilização das cláusulas de regulação de sinistro por meio da análise das respostas aos questionários de pesquisa distribuídos, da doutrina nacional e estrangeira e de modelos contratuais hodiernamente utilizados. Ainda neste capítulo, são investigadas possíveis mudanças sobre a compreensão do caráter internacional da atividade resseguradora para determinar a atual importância do recurso aos usos e costumes internacionais como modelos hermenêuticos e jurídicos. Por fim, o presente estudo analisa as regras propostas pelo Projeto de Lei n° 3.555/2004 e seus Substitutivos sobre o uso de cláusulas de regulação de sinistros em contratos de resseguro. Neste momento, são sugeridas outras possíveis redações aos dispositivos examinados, além de alguns pontos a serem considerados para a definição da amplitude da liberdade das partes de contratar tais cláusulas.

Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais
Este relatório assenta numa análise à sustentabilidade do ramo de Acidentes de Trabalho no contexto do estágio realizado na Allianz Portugal. Inicialmente é explicado o contexto legal do ramo de forma a compreender-se melhor as características específicas deste. Por conseguinte serão detalhados os modelos e pressupostos, utilizados pela Companhia, no cálculo das provisões técnicas de Acidentes de Trabalho. O foco principal será na análise ao tratado de resseguro de Excedente de danos que cobre os custos com sinistros de Acidentes de Trabalho e o seu impacto no resultado técnico. A análise é feita com base no Modelo de Risco coletivo e em indicadores estatísticos como o Value-at-Risk, coeficiente de assimetria, variância e valor esperado.
This report resumes the analysis of the sustainability of Worker's Compensation within the internship at Allianz Portugal. The legal framework of the business is primarily explained as it is important to understand the business specifications. Models and assumptions used, by the Company, in the calculation of technical provisions for Worker's Compensation will be detailed. The main focus of this paper will be in the analysis of the Excess of Loss reinsurance treaty that covers costs from Worker's Compensation and its impact in the technical result. The analysis is based on the Collective Risk Model and statistical indicators, such as Value-at-Risk, skewness coefficient, variance and expected value.

碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
100
In recent years, due to global climate anomalies and frequent natural disasters, we can observe that the loss severity and frequency both increase year by year trend. In view of the insured losses rose year by year, reinsurer, as an upstream role of the insurance industry, its operation result was influenced by the global catastrophe loss hugely. Thus it becomes more and more important to manage the claims for reinsurers. This research focuses on “Reinsurance Claims Management”. We analyzed the meaning and significance of the subject by reviewing current reinsurance market. We also summarized the difference between traditional and current reinsurance claims management skills by considering the organization of reinsurance claims, the latent claims, audit and the application of commutation. After we reviewed this research, we will realize how we reach a different level from traditional to modern claims management by pass through the authorization and knowledge, giving mutual support in underwriting and claims system, making good use of professional consultants, and improving reserve-setting skills.

This chapter details the rights of the reinsurer, one of which is the payment of premium. The premium is the consideration for the contract which proceeds from the reinsured to the reinsurer in return for coverage according to the policy terms. A reinsurer has the right to treat the contract of reinsurance as discharged upon non-payment of the premium if the contract contains an express right to cancel for non-payment of premium. In the absence of such an express clause, cancellation may be justified if it is an implied condition of the contract that the premium would be paid in advance or on the grounds that the reinsured has repudiated the contract by evincing an intention not to pay the premium. Meanwhile, a reinsurer can circumscribe the power of the reinsured to make settlements or other decisions which are binding on it by the use of a claims co-operation clause. A claims control clause gives a reinsurer even more influence in the handling of the original claim by the underlying insured. The chapter then looks at the right of the reinsurer to inspect the reinsured’s records; to declaratory relief; and to subrogation.