Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rejeição de transplantes'
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Dias, Esther Cristina Aquino. "Marcadores moleculares na rejeição aguda subclínica de transplantes renais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8724.
Full textSaueressig, Mauricio Guidi. "Rejeiçao e revascularização indireta do implante de traquéia glicerinada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2757.
Full textDias, Esther Cristina Aquino. "Avaliação molecular da disfunção inicial do enxerto em transplantes renais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8990.
Full textMagalhães, Otávio de Azevedo. "Prevenção de rejeição em transplantes de córnea de alto risco com tacrolimus 0,03% colírio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87165.
Full textAndrade, Luís Gustavo Modelli de. "Expressão dos capilares peritubulares (CD34) e do VEGF na nefropatia crônica do enxerto /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95185.
Full textSantos, Daniela Cristina dos. "Pesquisa da fração do sistema complemento C4d, capilarite e infiltração por macrófagos em biópsias de transplante renal : papel na rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpos e na sobrevida do enxerto /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95861.
Full textBanca: Daisa Silva Ribeiro David
Banca: Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
Resumo: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, que visou estudar o papel do C4d, da capilarite e dos macrófagos na rejeição aguda renal. Foram estudados 76 casos de rejeição aguda entre 1991 e 2009. Primariamente, foi realizada análise histológica e reclassificação de todos os casos nos tipos de rejeição aguda (RA) I, II e III, segundo os critérios de Banff 97 para rejeição aguda do tipo celular (mediada por células T). A capilarite foi classificada pelos escores de Banff e por um segundo método de contagem proposto pelo estudo (ptc média), analisado através da contagem de todas as células inflamatórias intracapilares em 10 campos de aumento 400X. Foi realizado estudo imunoistoquímico para pesquisa de C4d e macrófagos em 69 e 47 casos, respectivamente. Identificamos 46 biópsias como RA tipo I, 21 como tipo II e, 9, tipo III. De 69 biópsias, 20 foram C4d positivas (14 padrão focal e 6, difuso). C4d se associou com glomerulite, capilarite (ptc média) e macrófagos. A capilarite estudada através do escore de Banff apresentou associação apenas com os tipos de rejeição (P=0,04). Entretanto, a capilarite (ptc média) além da associação com o C4d, teve correlação com macrófagos (P=0,01) e com a creatinina no momento da biópsia (CrIcreatinina inicial-P<0,05). Houve significância estatística entre macrófagos e tipos de rejeição, com maior número de macrófagos no grupo de RA tipo II+III (P=0,03) e no escore v3 (P=0,04). A perda do enxerto se associou com C4d positivo, glomerulite e RA tipo III. Em conclusão, o estudo demonstrou associação entre C4d positivo e lesões inflamatórias identificadas nos capilares, tanto peritubulares como glomerulares, com associação também para a infiltração por macrófagos. O conjunto de resultados sugere a possibilidade de componente humoral nos casos estudados
Abstract: We investigate the role of C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries, peritubular capillaritis and macrophage infiltration in acute renal rejection and, we evaluate their associations with morphological and clinical data. The study included 76 patients between 1991 and 2009. Histologic analysis of acute rejection I, II and III types was done by Banff 97 classification. Capillaritis was classified by the ptc Banff scores and by counting cells within peritubular capillaries in 10 high power fields 400X (ptc mean cells). C4d and macrophages were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in 69 and 47 cases, respectivelly. Forty-six biopsies as type I, 21 type II and 9 type III were found. Twenty cases were positive C4d (14 focally and 6 diffuse). There were positive association between C4d staining and glomerulitis, peritubular capillaritis (ptc mean) and macrophage infiltration. Capillaritis using ptc Banff scores showed only statistical significant difference to type of rejection (P=0.04). Capillaritis analyzed by counting cells (ptc mean), beyond association with C4d, correlated to macrophage infiltration (P=0,01) and initial serum creatinine (P<0,05). Macrophage infiltration was significantly different between type I and II+III rejection (P=0,03) and showed increased arteritis score (v3) (P=0,04). Macrophage had also correlation with initial serum creatinine (P=0,004). There was significant graft loss in type III rejection, positive C4d and positive glomerulitis cases The study demonstrated association between positive C4d cases and inflammatory lesions of glomerular and peritubular capillaries; there were more frequency of glomerulitis, peritubular capillaritis (ptc mean) and macrophage infiltrate in the positive C4d cases. These results can suggest a possible humoral component in the studied cases
Mestre
Barbieri, Karina Pereira. "Síntese e avaliação farmacológica de pró-fármacos derivados do ácido micofenólico úteis na prevenção e no tratamento da rejeição de transplantes /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134139.
Full textBanca: Chung Man Chin
Banca: Cintia Duarte de Freitas Milagre
Resumo: Uma das aplicações da terapia imunossupressora é evitar que ocorra rejeição em situações de transplante de órgãos e auxiliar na sobrevida dos indivíduos. O ácido micofenólico (A.M.) é um imunossupressor de caráter anti-proliferativo, inibidor da inosina 5-monofosfato desidrogenase, porém, apresenta baixa biodisponibilidade oral e por isso na terapêutica utiliza-se o seu pró-fármaco: micofenolato de mofetila. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese de pró-fármacos mútuos do ácido micofenólico ligados a derivados ftalimídicos a fim de garantir-lhe melhorias farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas. Os derivados ftalimídicos encontrados na estrutura de compostos, por exemplo, na talidomida, utilizada em doenças auto-imunes, agem como imunossupressores por inibição de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Os pró-fármacos foram obtidos com rendimentos que variaram entre 40-53%. As novas moléculas foram caracterizadas utilizando métodos analíticos como ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), espectrometria na região de infravermelho e espectrometria de massas. Além disso, o coeficiente de partição (log P) foi determinado pelo método de HPLC e usando os programas de Chem Draw® Ultra e AlogPS®.O log P experimental dos derivados apresentou valores entre 2,29 e 4,09. Avaliou-se a citotoxicidade, liberação óxido nítrico (NO) e de citocinas (IL-1β e TNF-α) usando linhagens celulares de macrófagos murinos. A genotoxicidade in vivo foi avaliada usando o teste de micronúcleo. Todos os compostos apresentaram viabilidade celular superior a 70% nas concentrações usadas. O pró-fármaco (E)-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-il) etil6-(4-hidroxi-6-metóxi-7-metil-3-oxo-1,3-dihidroisobenzofuran-5-il)-4-metilhex-4-enoato (3a) apresentou valores de IC50 de 200 μM. Na avaliação da inibição de TNF-α todos os pró-fármacos apresentam atividade nas concentrações utilizadas...
Abstract: One of the applications is immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection occurs in situations of organ transplantation and assist in the survival of individuals. Mycophenolic acid (MA) is an immunosuppressive anti -proliferative character inhibitor of inosine 5 -monophosphate dehydrogenase but has a low oral bioavailability and therefore therapeutic uses is the prodrug thereof: mycophenolate mofetil. This work aimed at the synthesis of mutual prodrugs of mycophenolic acid derivatives linked to ftalimidic to ensure you Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic improvements. The ftalimdic derived from compounds found in the structure, for example in thalidomide used in autoimmune diseases, they act as immunosuppressants by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. The prodrugs were obtained with yields ranging from 40-53 %. The new molecules were characterized using analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the infrared region and mass spectrometry. In addition, the partition coefficient (log P) was determined by HPLC method using programs Chem Draw Ultra ® and AlogPS ®. Experimental log P of the derivatives showed values between 2.29 and 4.09. Cytotoxicity was assessed, the release nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL- 1β and TNF- α) using murine macrophage cell lines. The in vivo genotoxicity was assessed using the micronucleus test. All compounds showed cell viability above 70 % in the concentrations used. The prodrug (E) -2 - (1,3- dioxoisoindolin -2- yl) etil 6 -(4 -hydroxy- 6-methoxy -7-methyl -3-oxo -1,3- dihydroisobenzofuran -5- yl) 4- methylhex -4- enoate ( 3a ) showed IC50 values of 200 mM . In evaluating the inhibition of TNF- α all prodrugs exhibit activity at the concentrations used were the most active, and 3a (E) - (1,3- dioxoisoindolin -2- yl) methyl 6 - (4 -hydroxy -6- methoxy -7-methyl -3-oxo -1,3- dihydroisobenzofuran -5-yl )-4 -methylhex- 4-enoate (3c) with IC50 values of 18.75 mM . In ...
Mestre
Aguiar, Eliana José do Vale. "Transplante de pâncreas na Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/741.
Full textBackground: Type 1 Diabetes is an immunomediated disease which has been suffering an increase in its incidence. Despite the great advances, its current treatment has incomplete efficacy, because it is uncomfortable and it is associated, for example, to hypoglycaemia and does not avoid completely the late complications. In this way, new alternatives have been studied and replacement of islets of Langerhans, by total pancreatic transplantation, or islet transplantation, is a therapeutic modality that has undergone major changes. Purpose: To analyse some islet transplant studies and verify its efficacy and applicability in the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Material and Methods: A research was performed to identify articles in database MEDLINE. The following keywords were used: [type 1 diabetes]; [pancreatic transplantation]; [pancreatic islet transplantation]. Another research using reference lists from articles and with language and authors limits was performed. Results: Nineteen studies, which underwent isolated, islet-kidney or after kidney transplantation, from human donors, in type 1 diabetic patients, were selected. Most of the more recent studies reached 100% of independence of insulin or near, for a temporary period of time after the transplant. Those with longer follow up showed that only 7.5% of the patients remained independent after five years. The partial graft function had better results and it is present in 80% of the patients after five years, with improved metabolic control. The improvement in results was due to developments that have been occurring. The great advances occurred with the introduction of the Edmonton Protocol in 2000, using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppression. Recently, Kyoto Protocol appeared to improve the use of cadaveric donors. These researchers experiment for the first time a living-donor islet transplant. Developments also occurred in the islet preparation techniques. However, complications related to the procedure and immunosuppression are still frequent, and the shortage of donors, making the riskbenefit ratio balance essential in the selection of transplant candidates. Conclusions: Great improvements have occurred in the islet transplantation and what seemed to not succeed, compared with the total transplantation, has become the best option to “cure” Type 1 Diabetes. Despite the findings seem to demonstrate that this strategy can be effective, long term outcomes are not so good. The lack of donors and immunosuppression are the main obstacles, and it has arisen interest in alternative techniques.
Contti, Mariana Moraes. "Ultrassom seriado no pós-transplante renal precoce /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110541.
Full textCoorientador: Luís Gustavo Modelli de Andrade
Banca: Marilda Mazzali
Banca: Luciana Tanajura Santamaria Saber
Resumo: Introdução: O ultrassom (US) é um importante método diagnóstico das causas precoces de disfunção do enxerto renal. Não estão definidos parâmetros seguros para a distinção destas causas de disfunção: Necrose Tubular Aguda (NTA) e rejeição. Torna-se necessário, portanto, o aprimoramento dos métodos complementares para auxílio diagnóstico. Objetivos: O objetivo primário foi definir os parâmetros ultrassonográficos no exame seriado no pós-transplante renal precoce e identificar os preditores de evolução normal, retardo de função do enxerto (NTA) e rejeição. Os objetivos secundários foram: avaliar o Índice de Resistividade (IR), a perfusão renal - pelo Power Doppler (PD) - e o Índice Sistólico (IS). Materiais e Métodos: No período de Junho de 2012 a Agosto de 2013, 79 pacientes que receberam transplante renal de doador vivo ou falecido foram submetidos a dois exames de US: entre o 1º e o 3º pós-operatório (PO) e entre o 7º e o 10º PO. Nos dois exames foram avaliados: IR (nas três segmentares), IS, PD e IR+PD. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: normal, NTA e rejeição. Os achados ultrassonográficos foram correlacionados com o desfecho clínico. Resultados: Ao 1º US o IR nas segmentares superior e média e o PD foram maiores no grupo NTA em relação ao normal. Ao 2º US o IR nas três segmentares e o PD foram maiores no grupo NTA em relação ao normal. O IS não foi diferente entre os grupos em nenhum dos dois exames. A repetição do exame de US não forneceu informações adicionais aos parâmetros já analisados. Com base na análise da curva de característica de operação do receptor (ROC), como chance de NTA, o IR na segmentar média foi o melhor índice isolado (ponto de corte 0,73) e o IR + PD o melhor índice composto (ponto de corte 0,84). O tempo de retardo de função do enxerto e o número de sessões de diálise foram maiores no grupo de IR+PD elevado...
Abstract: Not available
Mestre
Barbieri, Karina Pereira [UNESP]. "Síntese e avaliação farmacológica de pró-fármacos derivados do ácido micofenólico úteis na prevenção e no tratamento da rejeição de transplantes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134139.
Full textUma das aplicações da terapia imunossupressora é evitar que ocorra rejeição em situações de transplante de órgãos e auxiliar na sobrevida dos indivíduos. O ácido micofenólico (A.M.) é um imunossupressor de caráter anti-proliferativo, inibidor da inosina 5-monofosfato desidrogenase, porém, apresenta baixa biodisponibilidade oral e por isso na terapêutica utiliza-se o seu pró-fármaco: micofenolato de mofetila. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese de pró-fármacos mútuos do ácido micofenólico ligados a derivados ftalimídicos a fim de garantir-lhe melhorias farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas. Os derivados ftalimídicos encontrados na estrutura de compostos, por exemplo, na talidomida, utilizada em doenças auto-imunes, agem como imunossupressores por inibição de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Os pró-fármacos foram obtidos com rendimentos que variaram entre 40-53%. As novas moléculas foram caracterizadas utilizando métodos analíticos como ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), espectrometria na região de infravermelho e espectrometria de massas. Além disso, o coeficiente de partição (log P) foi determinado pelo método de HPLC e usando os programas de Chem Draw® Ultra e AlogPS®.O log P experimental dos derivados apresentou valores entre 2,29 e 4,09. Avaliou-se a citotoxicidade, liberação óxido nítrico (NO) e de citocinas (IL-1β e TNF-α) usando linhagens celulares de macrófagos murinos. A genotoxicidade in vivo foi avaliada usando o teste de micronúcleo. Todos os compostos apresentaram viabilidade celular superior a 70% nas concentrações usadas. O pró-fármaco (E)-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-il) etil6-(4-hidroxi-6-metóxi-7-metil-3-oxo-1,3-dihidroisobenzofuran-5-il)-4-metilhex-4-enoato (3a) apresentou valores de IC50 de 200 μM. Na avaliação da inibição de TNF-α todos os pró-fármacos apresentam atividade nas concentrações utilizadas...
One of the applications is immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection occurs in situations of organ transplantation and assist in the survival of individuals. Mycophenolic acid (MA) is an immunosuppressive anti -proliferative character inhibitor of inosine 5 -monophosphate dehydrogenase but has a low oral bioavailability and therefore therapeutic uses is the prodrug thereof: mycophenolate mofetil. This work aimed at the synthesis of mutual prodrugs of mycophenolic acid derivatives linked to ftalimidic to ensure you Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic improvements. The ftalimdic derived from compounds found in the structure, for example in thalidomide used in autoimmune diseases, they act as immunosuppressants by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. The prodrugs were obtained with yields ranging from 40-53 %. The new molecules were characterized using analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the infrared region and mass spectrometry. In addition, the partition coefficient (log P) was determined by HPLC method using programs Chem Draw Ultra ® and AlogPS ®. Experimental log P of the derivatives showed values between 2.29 and 4.09. Cytotoxicity was assessed, the release nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL- 1β and TNF- α) using murine macrophage cell lines. The in vivo genotoxicity was assessed using the micronucleus test. All compounds showed cell viability above 70 % in the concentrations used. The prodrug (E) -2 - (1,3- dioxoisoindolin -2- yl) etil 6 -(4 -hydroxy- 6-methoxy -7-methyl -3-oxo -1,3- dihydroisobenzofuran -5- yl) 4- methylhex -4- enoate ( 3a ) showed IC50 values of 200 mM . In evaluating the inhibition of TNF- α all prodrugs exhibit activity at the concentrations used were the most active, and 3a (E) - (1,3- dioxoisoindolin -2- yl) methyl 6 - (4 -hydroxy -6- methoxy -7-methyl -3-oxo -1,3- dihydroisobenzofuran -5-yl )-4 -methylhex- 4-enoate (3c) with IC50 values of 18.75 mM . In ...
Visentainer, Jeane Eliete Laguila. "Testes prognosticos de rejeição e doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro em transplantes de celulas progenitoras hematopoieticas com doadores HLA identicos / \ Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311000.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:05:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Visentainer_JeaneElieteLaguila_D.pdf: 1194644 bytes, checksum: d07a083add30d2d7b71ee0a06824e08e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo:O transplante alogênico de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas é o tratamento de escolha para muitas doenças hematológicas e imunodeficiências primárias. A seleção de doadores é baseada na definição de moléculas HLA-A e B por sorologia, de alelos HLA-DRB1 e DQB1 por técnicas de biologia molecular e na cultura mista de linfócitos. Apesar disto, a doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (GVHD) é ainda uma grave complicação, que ocorre em aproximadamente 35% dos receptores de medula HLA-idênticos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o poder prognóstico da ocorrência de rejeição e GVHD dos seguintes testes laboratoriais: (1) cultura mista de linfócitos clássica (CML) e potencializada com citocinas exógenas (CMLp); (2) tipagem de genes de citocinas, pela técnica de PCR-SSP e (3) seguimento do nível sérico de citocinas dos pacientes transplantados, empregando-se métodos imunoenzimáticos quantitativos. No estudo, foram avaliados 118 transplantes, com doadores HLA-idênticos, realizados no Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia e Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, de agosto de 1994 a fevereiro de 2002. Na CMLp, a resposta dos linfócitos do doador contra as células do receptor (DxR) foi aumentada 1,9 e 4,1 vezes, com a adição de IL-4 (100 hg/mL) e IL-2 (10 hg/mL), respectivamente. Todavia, a resposta do doador contra suas próprias células (DxD) também sofreu um incremento de 2,0 e 6,4 vezes, respectivamente. Como o tratamento avaliado também induziu aumento das respostas autólogas, o emprego da CMLp não trouxe vantagens adicionais ao método tradicional (CML), que mostrou correlação com a incidência de GVHD crônica. A análise do polimorfismo dos genes reguladores de citocinas mostrou que, os genótipos de TNF-a-308, IFN-g+874, IL-6-174, IL-10-1082, -819, -592 e TGF-b1+869, +915 não foram associados ao risco aumentado de GVHD aguda e rejeição, enquanto o fenótipo de baixo produtor de IL-6 mostrou associação com GVHD crônica. O acompanhamento da variação dos níveis séricos de sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, IFN-g e TGF-b1 dos receptores até 15 semanas pós-transplante revelou que, os níveis médios de sIL-2R e IL-10 foram maiores no grupo que desenvolveu GVHD aguda (776,4 ± 65,5 rg/mL e 10,9 ± 3,3 rg/mL) em relação ao grupo que não desenvolveu esta doença (541,1 ± 17,3 rg/mL e 2,5 ± 2,2 rg/mL). Os níveis de sIL-2R no período de ¿pega¿ do enxerto (1.165,0 ± 179,2 rg/ml vs. 578,0 ± 47,2 rg/ml) e ao tempo da GVHD aguda (926,4 ± 142,5 rg/ml vs. 496,5 ± 48,7rg/ml) também diferiram entre os grupos. A cinética destas citocinas também revelou que os níveis de TNF-a e TGF-b1 foram correlacionados com GVHD aguda. Nas primeiras semanas após o transplante, os níveis de TNF-a foram associados a GVHD aguda (72,7 ± 2,6 rg/mL vs. 38,1 ± 1,7 rg/mL). Nas últimas semanas, os níveis de TGF-b1 foram menores no grupo que desenvolveu a GVHD aguda (7,5 ± 1,4 hg/ml), comparado ao grupo sem a doença (17,0 ± 1,6 hg/ml). Assim sendo, o monitoramento dos níveis séricos de sIL-2R, IL-10, TNF-a e TGF-b1 poderia fornecer ao clínico um indicativo do risco de GVHD aguda, enquanto a genotipagem de IL-6-174 poderia oferecer um novo método para identificar pacientes ao risco de GVHD crônica
Abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the chosen treatment for many hematological diseases and primary immunodeficiency¿s. The donor¿s selection has been based on the serological definition of HLA-A and B, in the definition of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 by DNA-based molecular method and in the standard mixed lymphocyte culture. Regardless, the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still one of the several complications that occur in approximately 35% of HLA-identical bone marrow recipients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic power of rejection and GVHD development of laboratorial assays: (1) standard mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and potencialized (MLCp) with exogenous cytokines; (2) typing of cytokine genes, by PCR-SSP, and (3) following-up of serum level cytokines from transplanted patients, using quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassays. From August 1994 to February 2002, it was analyzed 118 transplants, with HLA-identical donors, who had been performed in the Hematological and Hemotherapy Center and Clinic¿s Hospital at Campinas State University. In the MLCp, the donor lymphocyte response versus receptor cells (DxR) was augmented 1.9 and 4.1 times with IL-4 (100 hg/mL) and IL-2 (10 hg/mL) supplementation, respectively. However, the donor response versus their selves-cells (DxD) also augmented, 2.0 and 6.4 times, respectively. Since this treatment also stimulated an increase of autologous responses, MLCp did not have advantages on relation to standard method (MLC) that showed a correlation with the incidence of chronic GVHD. Cytokine gene polymorphism analysis showed that TNF-a-308, IFN-g+874, IL-6-174, IL-10-1082, -819, -592, and TGF-b1+869, +915 genotypes were not associated to increased risk of acute GVHD and rejection, whereas the IL-6 low producer phenotype showed significant statistical association to chronic GVHD. The following-up of sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, IFN-g, and TGF-b1 recipient serum levels during 15 weeks post-transplant showed that sIL-2R and IL-10 average levels were higher in the group with acute GVHD (776.4 ± 65.5 rg/mL and 10.9 ± 3.3 rg/mL), than in the group without the disease (541.1 ± 17.3 rg/mL and 2.5 ± 2.2 rg/mL). Soluble IL-2 receptor levels at the engraftment and at onset of acute GVHD were also different between the groups with and without acute GVHD (1.165.0 ± 179.2 rg/ml vs. 578.0 ± 47.2 rg/ml and 926.4 ± 142.5 rg/ml vs. 496.5 ± 48.7rg/ml), respectively. The cytokine kinetics also showed that TNF-a and TGF-b1 levels were associated with acute GVHD. In the first weeks after the transplant, high TNF-a levels were associated with acute GVHD (72.7 ± 2.6 rg/mL vs. 38.1 ± 1.7 rg/mL). In the last weeks, TGF-b1 levels were lower in the group with acute GVHD (7.5 ± 1.4 hg/ml) than those in the group without the disease (17.0 ± 1.6 hg/ml). Therefore, the monitoring of sIL-2R, IL-10, TNF-a, and TGF-b1 serum levels after the transplant can provide to physician an indication of acute GVHD risk, while IL-6-174 genotype may offer a new method for identifying patients at increased risk of chronic GVHD
Doutorado
Ciencias Basicas
Doutor em Clínica Médica
Borges, Thiago de Jesus. "Mecanismos da modulação da expressão de MHC II e CD86 em células dendríticas pela DNAK e a diminuição da rejeição em transplantes de pele." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7771.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells. They provide three main signals to fully activate T cells. Signal one is when the complex peptide:MHC (p:MHC) expressed by DC is recognized by T cell receptor; signal two is the expression of co-stimulatory molecules from the B7 family (CD80 and CD86). The third signal consists in the cytokines produced by DCs, which will bias the quality of T cell response. Once one of this signal is blocked/interrupted, T cells are not fully activated. T cells are involved in the eradication of pathogens, but also in the pathogenesis of several disorders and, strategies that modulate signal two are being used to treat these disorders. Novel therapies that inhibit the second signal (checkpoint blockade) or T cell modulation by these molecules have being used/tested to manage tumors, autoimmune disorders and transplant rejection. Our group demonstrated that the M. tuberculosis protein DnaK (prokaryote Hsp70) has an immunosuppressive role on DCs, and can suppress rejection in a murine skin allograft model. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism involved in this response need to be further elucidated. In the present work, we demonstrated that the treatment of murine DC with DnaK could decrease the basal levels TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1 produced by these cells. This modulation was concomitant with a downregulation of the transcription factors C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in a TLR2-ERK-STAT3-IL-10-dependent way. Beyond the signal three, DnaK could also downregulate the expression of MHC II (signal one) and CD86 (signal theree) on DCs, through the induction of a molecule called MARCH1. We developed an-situ treatment of skin grafts with DnaK prior the transplant. We observed that this treatment prolongs allograft survival with a decreased alloimmunity, and this dependent on MARCH1.The molecular pathway TLR2-ERK-STAT3-IL-10 was required for MARCH1 induction by DnaK. Moreover, we found that DnaK modulates a specific skin migratory DC – the CD103+ DCs. This is the major subset involved in skin allograft rejection. We tested in which innate receptors DnaK could bind and found that DnaK could not bind directly on TLR2, but in the LOX-1 and Siglec-E receptor, in a LOX-1/Siglec-E/TLR2 complex. Finally, from the data obtained we patented a new formulation and method to treat allografts prior the transplantation. Thus, DnaK tolerizes dendritic cells through the modulation of the three signals required to activate T cells. We believe that consists an innovative strategy to treat inflammatory disorders, rejection, asthma and sepsis.
Células dendríticas (DCs) são as principais células apresentadoras de antígenos e fornecem três sinais principais para a ativação completa das células T. O primeiro sinal consiste na apresentação do complexo peptídeo:MHC; o segundo sinal é a expressão de moléculas co-estimulatórias da família B7, como o CD80 e CD86, e o terceiro consiste no conjunto de citocinas produzidas pelas DCs que irão moldar o tipo de resposta T que será gerada. Uma vez que algum desses dois sinais é interrompido as células T não são ativadas de forma completa e, ainda, podem entrar em anergia ou apoptose. As células T estão envolvidas não apenas em respostas de defesa, mas também em uma série de patologias, e estratégias que visam sua ativação ou inibição vem sendo usadas no manejo dessas doenças. Terapias que visam a inibição do segundo sinal (checkpoint blockade) ou a modulação das células T pelas moléculas co-inibitórias tem sido testadas e utilizadas para tumores, autoimunidade e transplantes. Nosso grupo demonstrou que a proteína DnaK (Hsp70 procariótica) de M. tuberculosis tem papel imunossupressor em células dendríticas e in vivo, podendo diminuir a rejeição de transplantes cutâneos em camundongos. Porém, os mecanismos envolvidos nessa resposta ainda precisam ser elucidados. No presente trabalho, mostramos que a DnaK foi capaz de diminuir a expressão basal de TNF-α, IFN-γ e MCP-1 em DCs de camundongos. Essa modulação foi concomitante com a diminuição de dois fatores de transcrição – C/EBPβ e C/EBPδ – de maneira dependente da via molecular TLR2-ERK-STAT3-IL-10 nas DCs. Além do terceiro sinal, a DnaK pode modular a expressão dos níveis de MHC II (primeiro sinal) e CD86 (segundo sinal) nas DCs, através da indução de uma molécula chave chamada MARCH1. Em um modelo murino de aloenxerto cutâneo, o tratamento local com a DnaK, antes do transplante, prolongou a sobrevida do enxerto e diminuiu a aloimunidade de maneira dependente de MARCH1.A indução de MARCH1 pela DnaK foi dependente da via molecular TLR2-ERK-STAT3-IL-10 nas DCs. Além disso, demonstramos que a DnaK modula exclusivamente um subtipo de DC migratório da pele – as DCs CD103+. Também observamos que esse subtipo de DC é o principal subtipo celular envolvido na rejeição de transplantes de pele, gerando um conceito biológico novo nessa área. Mapeamos os receptores inatos nos quais a DnaK pode se ligar. Testamos dez receptores inatos e vimos que essa proteína não se liga diretamente no TLR2, mas sim nos receptores LOX-1 e Siglec-E, formando o complexo LOX-1/Siglec-E/TLR2. Finalmente, a partir dos dados obtidos nessa tese, formulamos uma composição e um método para a modulação do enxerto antes da realização do transplante, e depositamos uma patente junto ao INPI. Portanto, a DnaK pode tolerizar as células dendríticas através da modulação dos três sinais necessários para a ativação das células T. Acreditamos que essa estratégia pode ser utilizada no tratamento de patologias inflamatórias, incluindo a rejeição a transplantes.
Joelsons, Gabriel. "Estudo longitudinal de curto prazo da reprodutibilidade e da resposta quantitativa do RNA mensageiro às manobras imunossupressoras para o tratamento da rejeição aguda de transplantes renais : avaliação por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real em células sangüíneas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24266.
Full textMiguel, Gabriel Antonio Stanisci 1978. "Avaliação ecocardiografica da função ventricular de pacientes transplantados e sua correlação com rejeição cardiaca imunologica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311903.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O transplante (TX) cardíaco é uma alternativa para os indivíduos com doença cardíaca terminal. Na evolução pós-TX, a ocorrência de episódios de rejeição é um evento frequente, sendo responsável pelo aumento da morbimortalidade. Uma alternativa relevante seria o emprego de um exame não invasivo que tivesse uma boa acurácia na detecção das alterações da função sisto-diastólica do coração transplantado, pois a biópsia endomiocárdica (BEM) não é um procedimento isento de complicações. Objetivo: Comparar a função ventricular esquerda entre os pacientes transplantados com rejeição cardíaca e os pacientes transplantados sem rejeição; utilizando como referência o grupo controle e correlaciona-la com rejeição cardíaca imunológica. Métodos: Foram realizados ecocardiogramas transtorácicos no período de janeiro de 2006 a janeiro de 2008, para a avaliação prospectiva de 47 pacientes; sendo 17 pacientes (36,2 %) pertencentes ao grupo controle (grupo GC), 18 (38,3%) pertencentes ao grupo de pacientes transplantados sem rejeição (TX0) e 12 (25,5%) pertencentes ao grupo de pacientes transplantados com rejeição (TX1). Comparou-se a função sisto-diastólica entre os três grupos (GC, TX0, TX1). Para o estudo da homogeneidade entre proporções foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher. Para a análise da hipótese de igualdade entre os grupos em relação às medianas, utilizou-se o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis seguido do teste de comparações múltiplas. O nível de significância utilizado para os testes foi de 5%. Resultados: Os grupos não diferiram em relação à idade [34,0 (29,5 - 44,0) X 46,0 (33,5 - 51,5) X 39,0 (32,5 - 54,5) p = 0,354], ao peso [70,0 (57,5 - 85,0) X 66,5 (57,5 - 88,0) X 61,0 (57,5 - 73,5) p = 0,661], altura [1,65 (1,59 - 1,73) X 1,66 (1,64 - 1,70) X 1,69 (1,64 - 1,72) p = 0,821] e superfície corpórea [1,84 (1,58 - 1,98) X 1,75 (1,62 - 2,03) X 1,69 (1,63 - 1,88) p = 0,758]. O grupo GC quando comparado com o grupo TX0, apresentou alteração da função sisto-diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo, expressa através do aumento do Índice de Performance Miocádica (IPM), sendo esta mais significativa nos pacientes do grupo TX1 [0,38 (0,29 - 0,44) X 0,47 (0,43 - 0,56) X 0,58 (0,52 - 0,74) p <0,001]. Conclusão: Foi evidenciado que o Índice de Performance Miocárdica encontra-se aumentado nos pacientes transplantados, em relação ao grupo controle e não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos de pacientes transplantados; portanto, o ecocardiograma mostrou-se como exame de boa acurácia na detecção das alterações da função sisto-diastólica do coração transplantado e não foi confiável como método substituto da biópsia endomiocárdica para o diagnóstico seguro de rejeição cardíaca.
Abstract: Introduction: The transplant (TX) cardiac is an alternative for the individuals with terminal cardiac illness. In the evolution after TX, the occurrence of rejection episodes is a frequent event, being responsible for the increase of morbi-mortality. An excellent alternative would be the job of a not invasive examination that had a good acurácia in the detention of the alterations of the diastolic function of the transplantated heart, therefore the endomyocardial biopsy (BEM) is not an exempt procedure of complications. Objective: Compare the left ventricular function between patients transplated with rejection and cardiac transplant patients without rejection, using as reference the control group and correlated it with immunological rejection rate. Methods: Transthoracic echocardiograms in the period of January of 2006 had been carried through the January of 2008, for the prospective evaluation of 47 patients; being 17 patients (36,2 %) pertaining to the group it has controlled (group GC), 18 (38,3%) pertaining to the group of patients transplantated without rejection (TX0) and 12 (25,5%) pertaining ones to the group of patients transplantated with rejection (TX1). It was compared sisto-diastolic function between the three groups (GC, TX0, TX1). To study the homogeneity of proportions was used Fisher's exact test. For the analysis the hypothesis of equality between the groups in relation to the medians, we used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons. The significance level used for the tests was 5%. Results: The groups did not differ in age [34.0 (29.5 to 44.0) X 46.0 (33.5 - 51.5) X 39.0 (32.5 - 54.5) p = 0.354 ], weight [70.0 (57.5 to 85.0) X 66.5 (57.5 to 88.0) X 61.0 (57.5 to 73.5) p = 0.661], height [ 1.65 (1.59 to 1.73) X 1.66 (1.64 - 1.70) X 1.69 (1.64 - 1.72) p = 0.821] and body surface area [1.84 ( 1.58 to 1.98) X 1.75 (1.62 - 2.03) X 1.69 (1.63 to 1.88) p = 0.758]. The GC group compared with the group TX0, had an alteration of the systolic-diastolic function of left ventricle, expressed by increasing the Miocardic Performance Index (IPM), which is more significant for patients in group TX1 [0.38 (0, 29 to 0.44) X 0.47 (0.43 to 0.56) X 0.58 (0.52 to 0.74) p <0.001]. Conclusion: It was shown that the myocardial performance index is increased in transplant patients in the control group and no significant difference between the two groups of transplant patients, so the echocardiogram showed to be taking good accuracy in the detection of systolic-diastolic function of the transplanted heart and was not a reliable method of biopsy substitute for the confident diagnosis of cardiac rejection.
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
Sahd, Raphael. "Quantificação gênica pré-transplante renal : predição da rejeição aguda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/52959.
Full textBackground. Acute rejection (AR) remains a significant risk factor for kidney-graft failure. Availability of AR prognostic biomarkers during pre-transplant could be helpful to individualize patient´s immunosuppressive treatment. In this study we evaluated the measurement of RNA messenger of different genes involved in the allogeneic response as potential biomarkers of kidney graft rejection. Methods. Pre-transplant samples were obtained from 51 kidney-grafted patients between 2008 and 2009. Expression of the messenger RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the TIM3, FOXP3, Perforin, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and Granulisine genes was measured by real-time PCR technique. Gene expression results were associated with AR occurrence, the presence of bacterial and viral infections up to one year after grafting , and with kidney-graft function at 1, 6, and 12 months. Results. Expression of the TIM3, FOXP3, Perforin and CXCL-9 genes were not correlated with episodes of acute rejection. CXCL-10 and Granulisine gene expressions were significantly lower in the group that presented acute rejection (P<0.05). No significant differences in mRNA expression were observed in patients with infections after kidney transplantation and kidney graft function was not correlated with gene expression. Conclusions. As evaluated in the present study pre-transplant gene expression profiles were not predictive of acute rejection, infection or graft function.
Pepineli, Rafael. "Avaliação do potencial papel imunomodulador de células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas de tecido adiposo, no modelo experimental de transplante renal em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-06042018-120932/.
Full textStudies involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have aroused great interest due to their promising therapeutic potential representing an alternative for the treatment of several pathologies in different organs, including renal transplantation. Chronic rejection is one of the major challenges in late transplantation and is characterized by progressive loss of renal function caused by intense fibrogenesis in the allograft. Conventional immunosuppressive treatments, while significantly reducing acute rejection crises, do not interfere with long-term graft survival. Animal model of kidney transplantation can provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes and bring a new path to treat chronic rejection. The aim of this project was to analyze the therapy with mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADMSCs) in the experimental model of kidney transplantation in rats, focus on chronic rejection and evaluate its potential immunomodulatory effect. The model was established with rats of isogenic strains Fisher (donor) and Lewis (recipient), and the transplanted animals were divided into three groups: ISO (isogenic transplantation from Lewis to Lewis, n = 6), ALO (allogenic transplant from Fisher to Lewis, n = 6) and ALO + ADMSCs (allogenic transplantation, treated with ADMSCs, n = 6). ADMSCs were characterized by adhesion to plastic, differentiation in adipogenic, condrogenic and osteogenic lines and by flow cytometry. One million of cells were inoculated under the renal capsule on the day of the right unilateral nephrectomy (10 days after transplantation). After 6 months, clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed, as well as histological analysis, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. ADMSCs were effective in preventing elevation of serum urea and creatinine, elevation of the Na + and K + excretion fraction as well as maintained creatinine clearence at normal levels. Furthermore, the treatment also prevented the development of proteinuria and preserved blood pressure. Histological analysis showed a significant reduction of macrophages and T cells infiltrate, associated to a decreased of interstitial fibrosis in the ALO + ADMSCs group. In the presence of ADMSCs, there was a significant decrease in the relative expression of INF-y, TNF-alpha, IL1beta and IL-6 factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as a significant increase in the relative expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-4 and IL-10. In conclusion, treatment with ADMSC in a transplantation model could open a new approach to control chronic rejection. This apparent modulation of the immune response may be associated with a possible polarization of macrophages and T cells. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to confirm our findings
Kalil, Antonio Nocchi. "Contribuicao ao estudo da rejeicao apos transplante hepatico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164542.
Full textFrom 1984 to 1992, 707 liver transplantations were anaiyzed with the aim of to detect prognostic factors of chronic rejection. Of the total group, 550 grafts were selected to this study. Tbe incidence of chronic rejection was 7,8% (43 patients). VBDS was observed in 27 patients (4,9%) and chronic vascular rejection in 16 (2,9%). An association greater than expected was observed between VBDS and the following variables: liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure (p = 0,009), clinicai acute rejection after day 20 (p = 0,001), late recidive of acute rejection (p = 0,01), corticoresistance (p = 0,05), OKT3 - resistance (p = 0,0007) and symptomatic CMV infection (p = 0,01). An association smaller than expected was observed between VBDS and liver transplantation for post-hepatitis cirrhosis (p = 0,02), in corticosensible patients (p = 0,05), in patients with no recurrence of acute clinicai rejection (p = 0,003) and in assymptomatic rejection (p = 0,00002). Regarding chronic vascular rejection, an associaton smaller than expected was observed with assymptomatic rejection (p = 0,03), in corticosensible patients (p = 0,03) and in patients with no recurrence of clinicai rejection (p = 0,002). An association greater than expected was only observed with OKT3 - resistance (p = 0,0007). In the same period, 43 transplants with incompatible grafts were performed. Patient survivaJ was 52% at I year and 50% at 5 years, and graft survival rates were 30% and 20% respectively. There is no statistical difference between patient survival with compatible and incompatible liver, but an important difference was observed in graft survival, when compared to compatible grafts (p = 0,0002). The incidence ofhyperacute rejection was 20% (with biopsy), and vascular or biliary complications were developed in 56% o f the patients in this group. With reference to immunoprophylaxis, the SAL therapy was associated with reduction of the rejection episodes (p = 0,04) and more septic complications. The delayed introduction of either SAL (p = 0,013) or ciclosporine (p = 0,037) were associated with more episodes o f hyperacute rejection. Plasmapheresis was associated with more septic complications (p = 0,02). In this group, patients retransplanted late for biliary or vascular complications were alived and well, with I - 5 years follow-up.
Costa, Dacio Carvalho. "Uso de triancinologia subconjuntival no tratamento da rejeição endotelial do transplante de cornea." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311490.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia da injeção subconjuntival de 20 mg de triancinolona associada a prednisolona 1% tópica com a injeção intravenosa de 500 mg de metilprednisolona associada a prednisolona 1% tópica no tratamento da rejeição endotelial de transplante de córnea. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP. Os pacientes submetidos a transplante penetrante de córnea que apresentaram primeiro episódio de rejeição endotelial com até 15 dias do início dos sintomas durante o período de novembro de 2005 a outubro de 2006 foram tratados com injeção subconjuntival de 20 mg de acetonido de triancinolona associado a acetato de prednisolona 1% tópico. Estes pacientes foram pareados por idade e diagnóstico com pacientes submetidos a tratamento com injeção intravenosa de 500 mg de succinato sódico de metilprednisolona associado a acetato de prednisolona 1% tópico e analisados quanto à capacidade de reversão do episódio de rejeição, pressão intraocular aos 30 dias e acuidade visual ao final de 1 ano. Resultados: 16 pacientes foram tratados com 20 mg de triancinolona subconjuntival e prednisolona 1% tópica durante o período de recrutamento e foram pareados com 16 pacientes tratados com 500 mg de metilprednisolona intravenosa e prednisolona 1% tópica. Ao final de 1 ano, o grupo tratado com triancinolona obteve melhores resultados do que o grupo tratado com metilprednisolona (p=0,025), obtendo 15 pacientes com córnea transparente enquanto o grupo tratado com metilprednisolona obteve 10 pacientes. 3 pacientes do grupo tratado com triancinolona apresentaram segundo episódio de rejeição durante o seguimento e foram retratados com sucesso enquanto no grupo da metilprednisolona, 4 pacientes apresentaram segunda rejeição, com 2 pacientes apresentando falência com o retratamento e 2 obtendo sucesso. A pressão intraocular subiu nos dois grupos (p=0,002) após 30 dias, porém não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,433). A acuidade visual melhorou após 1 ano em ambos os grupos (p=0,049) e o grupo tratado com triancinolona obteve melhor acuidade visual (p=0,002). Conclusão: A injeção subconjuntival de 20 mg de triancinolona combinada com prednisolona 1% tópica mostrou-se mais eficaz em reverter episódios de rejeição de transplante de córnea neste estudo caso-controle do que a aplicação intravenosa de 500 mg de metilprednisolona. Estudos adicionais necessitam ser realizados para verificar a segurança e eficácia deste tratamento em grandes populações
Abstract: Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 20 mg subconjunctival triamcinolone in association with topical prednisolone 1% to 500 mg intravenous methylprednisolone in association with topical prednisolone 1% in the treatment of cornea endothelial graft rejection. Methods: Case-control study carried out at State University of Campinas Hospital. Patients submitted to penetrating keratoplasty that presented first episode of corneal endothelial rejection within 15 days of symptoms onset between November 2005 and October 2006 were treated with 20 mg subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetate in association with topical prednisolone acetate 1%. These patients were matched for age and diagnosis to patients that were submitted to a single 500 mg intravenous injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in association with topical prednisolone acetate 1% and analyzed regarding the reversion of the rejection episode, intraocular pressure at day 30 and visual acuity at the end of 1 year. Results: 16 patients were treated with 20 mg subconjunctival triamcinolone and topical prednisolone 1% during the period of recruitment and were matched to 16 patients treated with 500 mg intravenous methylprednisolone and topical prednisolone 1%. At the end of 1 year, the group treated with triamcinolone had a better outcome than the group treated with methylprednisolone (p=0.025), having 15 patients with clear grafts as the group treated with methylprednisolone had 10 patients. 3 patients from the group treated with triamcinolone had new rejection episodes during follow-up and were retreated successfully as in the group treated with methylprednisolone 4 patients had a new rejection episode, with 2 progressing to failure and 2 to success with retreatment. Intraocular pressure rose in both groups (p=0.002) at day 30 but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (p=0.433). Visual acuity improved after 1 year in both groups (p=0.049) and the group treated with triamcinolone had better visual acuities (p=0.002). Conclusions: 20 mg subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide associated with topical prednisolone acetate 1% showed to be more effective than 500 mg intravenous methylprednisolone associated with prednisolone acetate 1% in this case-control study. Further studies need to be accomplished to verify its safety and effectiveness in larger populations
Doutorado
Oftalmologia
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Di, Domenico Tuany. "Avaliação de miRNAs como biomarcadores não invasivos de rejeição aguda em transplante renal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97171.
Full textBackground: kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for a significant portion of patients with end-stage kidney disease. Acute rejection is a major post-transplant complication among other acute disorders and has on graft biopsy the gold standard for diagnosis. Biopsy, however it is an invasive and potentially harmful procedure so it is desirable to develop new noninvasive markers for diagnosing graft dysfunction. Objective: to analyze and quantify the expression of microRNAs miR-142-3p, miR-155 and miR-210 in the peripheral blood, urinary sediment and kidney tissue obtained from patients who developed graft dysfunction after kidney transplantation. Methods: crosssectional study performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology applied to Nephrology (Labman), Center of Experimental Research from Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. The samples are from kidney transplant patients who undertook indication biopsies as a part of investigation of graft dysfunction. Micro-RNAs expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: it was found that in peripheral blood, a significant decrease in the expression of miR-142-3p occurred in patients with acute rejection (n = 23) as compared to the group of patients with other causes of graft dysfunction (n = 68), (P = 0.01). No other significant differences were found in gene expression of miR-155 and miR-210, neither for miR142-3p in the other urine or kidney tissue. Conclusion: miR-142-3p presents differential expression in the peripheral blood of patients with rejecting kidney grafts. The role of miRNAs as biomarkers for kidney graft dysfunction is worth be further explored.
Tambara, Filho Renato 1945. "Estudo da eficácia do ultra-som doppler colorido no diagnóstico da rejeição aguda no transplante renal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/48783.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica
Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do Eco Doppler Colorido no diagnóstico da Rejeição Aguda, foram estudados 25 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal no Hospital da Santa Casa de Curitiba, entre julho de 1991 e agosto de 1993, divididos em dois grupos: o primeiro constituído por 13 transplantes que evoluíram sem complicações clínicas, denominado Grupo Controle; o 2o, denominado Grupo de Rejeição, foi constituído por 10 transplantes que tiveram confirmação histopatológica de Rejeição Aguda entre doze transplantes que evoluíram com alterações clínicas e laboratoriais suspeitas de Rejeição Aguda. Nos pacientes do Grupo Controle, as características qualitativas do Doppler foram uniformes e as artérias renal, segmentar, interlobar e arqueada apresentaram valores médios do índice de Resistência inferiores a 0,652 e do índice de Pulsatilidade inferiores a 1,440, tanto no 2o como no 14° dia de pós-operatório. Nos dez casos do Grupo de Rejeição, as características qualitativas do Doppler mostraram diminuição do fluxo diastólico de uma ou mais artérias no momento da Rejeição, e as artérias renal, segmentar, interlobar e arqueada apresentaram valores médios do índice de Resistência superiores a 0,758 e do índice de Pulsatilidade superiores a 1,635. Os dados levantados permitiram concluir que: a análise qualitativa do Doppler dos transplantes com Rejeição mostrou diminuição do fluxo diastólico de uma ou mais artérias em comparação aos transplantes sem complicações clínicas; os pacientes que evoluíram com Rejeição Aguda apresentaram aumento significativo dos índices de Resistência e de Pulsatilidade em relação aos pacientes que evoluíram sem complicações clínicas; o melhor parâmetro encontrado para o diagnóstico de Rejeição Aguda foi o índice de Resistência da artéria interlobar, que ao valor limítrofe de 0,701 demonstrou sensibilidade de 80,0, especificidade de 84,62, valor preditivo positivo de 80,0 e valor preditivo negativo de 84,62.
Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of the color Echo Doppler in diagnosing renal allograft acute rejection, 25 patients who had undergone kidney transplantion were studied at Hospital da Santa Casa de Curitiba, between July 1991 and August 1993. The patients were divided in two groups: the first, the control group, constituted by 13 patients with no clinical post-transplant complications; the second, the rejection group, constituted by 10 patients with acute rejection confimed by histopathologic exam, out of 12 patientes with clinical and laboratory post-transplant alterations suggesting acute rejection. In patients of the control group, the Doppler qualitative characteristics were uniform and the Resistivity Index's average values for the renal, segmental, interlobar and arcuate arteries were below 0.625; and the Pulsatility Index's average values for the same arteries were below 1.440 both on the 1st and on the 14th day post-transplant. For the 10 patients in the rejection group, the Doppler qualitative characteristics showed a decrease in the diastolic flow in one or more arteries at the moment of rejection and Resistivity Index's average values for the renal, segmental, interlobar and arcuate arteries were above 0.758 and the Pulsatility Index's average values for the same arteries were above 1.635. The data collected enabled us to conclude that: the quantitative analysis of the rejection patients' Doppler showed a decrease in the diastolic flow in one or more arteries compared to the patients with no clinical complications; the patients who had acute rejection had a significant increase of both the Index of Resistivity and the Index of Pulsatility compared to patients who had no clinical complications; the best parameter for diagnosing acute rejection was the Resistivity Index of the interlobar artery which, at the threshold value of 0.701 showed a sensitivity of 80.0; a specificity of 84.62; a positive predictive value of 80,0; and a negative predictive value of 84.62.
Livi, Ana Lúcia. "Adenosina deaminase no diagnóstico de rejeição aguda após o transplante renal Ana Lúcia Livi." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6675.
Full textContti, Mariana Moraes [UNESP]. "Ultrassom seriado no pós-transplante renal precoce." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110541.
Full textIntrodução: O ultrassom (US) é um importante método diagnóstico das causas precoces de disfunção do enxerto renal. Não estão definidos parâmetros seguros para a distinção destas causas de disfunção: Necrose Tubular Aguda (NTA) e rejeição. Torna-se necessário, portanto, o aprimoramento dos métodos complementares para auxílio diagnóstico. Objetivos: O objetivo primário foi definir os parâmetros ultrassonográficos no exame seriado no pós-transplante renal precoce e identificar os preditores de evolução normal, retardo de função do enxerto (NTA) e rejeição. Os objetivos secundários foram: avaliar o Índice de Resistividade (IR), a perfusão renal - pelo Power Doppler (PD) – e o Índice Sistólico (IS). Materiais e Métodos: No período de Junho de 2012 a Agosto de 2013, 79 pacientes que receberam transplante renal de doador vivo ou falecido foram submetidos a dois exames de US: entre o 1º e o 3º pós-operatório (PO) e entre o 7º e o 10º PO. Nos dois exames foram avaliados: IR (nas três segmentares), IS, PD e IR+PD. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: normal, NTA e rejeição. Os achados ultrassonográficos foram correlacionados com o desfecho clínico. Resultados: Ao 1º US o IR nas segmentares superior e média e o PD foram maiores no grupo NTA em relação ao normal. Ao 2º US o IR nas três segmentares e o PD foram maiores no grupo NTA em relação ao normal. O IS não foi diferente entre os grupos em nenhum dos dois exames. A repetição do exame de US não forneceu informações adicionais aos parâmetros já analisados. Com base na análise da curva de característica de operação do receptor (ROC), como chance de NTA, o IR na segmentar média foi o melhor índice isolado (ponto de corte 0,73) e o IR + PD o melhor índice composto (ponto de corte 0,84). O tempo de retardo de função do enxerto e o número de sessões de diálise foram maiores no grupo de IR+PD elevado ...
Barbosa, Erick Acerb. "Cinética dos anticorpos anti-HLA no pós-transplante renal - impacto na rejeição aguda do enxerto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-21012015-152131/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Studies which report and compare clinical and videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment in children with suspected dysphagia are scarce. In the present study, we reported clinical signs and symptoms that may suggest alterations in the pharyngeal phase, noticed during the clinical assessment and videofluoroscopic findings of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing; we identified clinical signs and symptoms associated with alterations in the pharyngeal phase; we identified clinical factors associated with clinical signs and symptoms that may suggest alterations in the pharyngeal phase and with videofluoroscopic findings of oral and pharyngeal phases; and we also verified the influence of age on such alterations. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from clinical and videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment performed in 55 children with ages between 1 month and 7 years and 11 months. For the clinical assessment, the \"Protocol for Clinical Assessment of Pediatric Dysphagia\" was used. In the videofluoroscopy, alterations in oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases were analyzed. For the statistical analysis, Chi-square Test and Fisher\'s Exact Test were used. RESULTS: Cervical auscultation alteration, cough, choking and oxygen desaturation were the most common clinical signs observed. Alterations in the oral phase were less frequent with thin liquid and more frequent with smooth puree consistency. Alterations in the pharyngeal phase were more frequent with thin liquid and less frequent with thickened liquid and smooth puree consistency. In esophageal phase, approximately half sample presented gastroesophageal reflux. Choking was associated with isolated laryngeal penetration with thin liquid. Prematurity and neurological disorders were associated with oxygen desaturation. Significant association between neurological disorders and alterations in oral phase and post-swallow residue in valleculae and pyriform sinuses were found. Gastroesophageal reflux was associated with respiratory distress. In the clinical assessment, children aged between 1-6 months showed less cervical auscultation and vocal quality alterations and more respiratory distress; those between 7-14 months presented more cervical auscultation alteration; those older than 1 year showed more vocal quality alteration. In the videofluoroscopy, children aged between 1-6 months showed less alterations in the oral phase and pharyngeal residue; those between 7-14 months showed more alterations in the pharyngeal phase with thin liquid; those between 15-36 months presented more alterations in the oral phase; those older than 37 months showed more alterations in the pharyngeal phase with smooth puree consistency; those older than 1 year presented more alterations in the oral phase and pharyngeal residue. CONCLUSIONS: The most common clinical signs and symptoms were cervical auscultation alteration, cough, choking and oxygen desaturation. Alterations in the oral and pharyngeal phases were related to different food consistencies. Choking was the only clinical sign associated with isolated laryngeal penetration with thin liquid. Oxygen desaturation was associated with prematurity and neurological disorders. Respiratory distress was associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Alterations in the oral phase and post-swallow residue in valleculae and pyriform sinuses were associated with neurological disorders. Differences for clinical signs related to age were verified. Alterations in the oral and pharyngeal phases which were not expected for age of the population studied were noticed
Santos, Ariany Oliveira. "Papel da laminina na migração de linfócitos T em modelo murino de transplante cardíaco alogênico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/13494.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Durante o processo de rejeição, linfócitos T do receptor são ativados e migram para o enxerto. A glicoproteína laminina (LM) é importante na migração e posicionamento de linfócitos durante a rejeição, porém dados sobre o papel das diferentes isoformas neste processo são escassos. Usando um modelo de transplante cardíaco alogênico, nosso grupo verificou que o tratamento com o anticorpo monoclonal anti-LM diminuiu o infiltrado inflamatório e a deposição de LM nos enxertos cardíacos. No presente trabalho, caracterizamos os linfócitos T presentes nos linfonodos de drenagem e aloenxertos, a expressão das isoformas de LM nos aloenxertos e seu papel na migração dos linfócitos T. Nos aloenxertos, observamos um aumento de linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+, e um maior enriquecimento de linfócitos CD8+ ativados, quando comparado aos enxertos isogênicos. Por qPCR, verificamos que somente a cadeia LAMB3, constituinte da LM332, teve sua expressão aumentada nos aloenxertos. Por imunofluorescência, verificamos uma maior deposição de LM332 e da cadeia LAMB3 nos aloenxertos Para verificar o papel da LM332 na migração dos linfócitos T, realizamos ensaios de migração e observamos uma migração reduzida dos linfócitos T frente a LM332, quando comparado aos grupos controle. Esse resultado sugere que a LM332 pode promover uma forte adesão, influenciando a migração dos linfócitos T alorreativos. A análise das isoformas de LM durante a rejeição será importante para o entendimento da migração das células efetoras durante esse processo e poderá ajudar a definir estratégias terapêuticas
During rejection process, recipient T cells are activated in lymph nodes and migrate to the graft. The glycoprotein laminina (LM) is important in lymphocyte positioning and effector function during alloreactive responses. Using a model of allogeneic heart transplantation, where hearts from neonatal C57BL/6 mice were transplanted in the ear of adult BALB/c recipients, treatment with a nti - LM mAb de creased the cellular infiltrate and LM deposition within the grafts. In this work , we characterized T cells in allografts, evaluate LM isoform expression and their role on T lymphocyte migration in the model described above. In al lografts, we observed an i ncrease of CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes, and a n enrichment of activated CD8 + T cells , when compared to the isografts. By qPCR, only LAMB3 chain, component of the LM332 isoform, was increased in allografts. Additionally, we observed higher deposition of LM332 in allografts by immunofluorescence. To check the role of LM332 on T cell migration, we performed ex vivo experiments and observed a reduced LM332 - driven migratory response of lymphocytes from lymph nodes. Our data sug gest that the predominance of T cells in allografts can be rela ted to an enhanced contact of T cells with LM332, as no haptota ctic effect of the intact LM332 was observed . Analysis of the role of LM isoform s during the rejection process will be important to understand the trafficking process o f effector cells during graft rejection and might help to de fine new therapeutical strategies .
Veronese, Francisco José Veríssimo. "Avaliação de rejeição subclínica em biópsias de vigilância de pacientes transplantados renais com função estável." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139307.
Full textGlasberg, Denise Segenreich. "Monitorização dos anticorpos anti-hla após transplante renal e sua correlação com episódios de rejeição aguda." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7473.
Full textIntrodução: A associação entre a presença de anticorpo anti-HLA doador específico (DSA), em pacientes com prova cruzada negativa por citotoxicidade dependente de complemento (CDC), e a ocorrência de episódios de rejeição mediada por anticorpos (RMA) e menor sobrevida do enxerto já foi demonstrada por diversos autores. Entretanto,estimar a relevância clínica da presença desses anticorpos, em um determinado receptor, é um grande desafio e portanto novas estratégias de monitorização imunológicas são necessárias. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi monitorar a presença de DSA, bem como a variação dos seus títulos durante o primeiro ano após o transplante renal e correlacionar com episódios de rejeição aguda e função do enxerto ao final desse período. Metodologia: Foram analisados 389 soros de 71 pacientes incluídos no estudo. A pesquisa de DSA foi realizada utilizando os testes LABScreen single antigenbeads nas amostras correspondentes aos tempos: pré-transplante, 14, 30, 90, 180 e 365 dias após o transplante. Episódios de rejeição aguda comprovados por biópsia foram analisados de acordo com a classificação de Banff 2007. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) ao final do primeiro ano foi estimada utilizando a fórmula Modificationof Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD). Os pacientes foram inicialmente separados em 3 grupos de diferentes riscos imunológicos (pré-transplante): A) DSA-, B) DSA+ com MFI >1000 e < 5000 e C) DSA+ com MFI > 5000. Num segundo momento, foram novamente agrupados de acordo com o perfil de mudança nos valores de MFI (intensidade de fluorescência média) ao longo do primeiro ano. Resultados: DSA estavam presentes pré-transplante em 15 pacientes. RMA foi mais frequente no grupo C (p = 0,02). De acordo com a variação dos títulos de DSA pós-transplante os pacientes foram novamente agrupados: grupo I) permaneceu DSA- durante todo acompanhamento = 50 pacientes, II) diminuiu ou manteve títulos de DSA em relação ao tempo zero = 13 pacientes e III) aumentou títulos em relação ao tempo zero = 8 pacientes (6 foram DSA de novo). Três pacientes dos grupos I e um paciente do grupo II apresentaram episódios de rejeição aguda celular. Não foi observada oscilação significativa nos títulos de anticorpos durante esses eventos. Nenhum paciente desse grupo apresentou episódio de RMA. Episódio de RMA ocorreu em dois pacientes do grupo III. Em ambos os pacientes foi detectado aumento significativo nos valores de MFI dos DSA em relação ao tempo zero. Não foi observada diferença significativa na TFG entre os grupos analisados nesse estudo. Entretanto, observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na TFG entre os pacientes que apresentaram episódio de rejeição aguda em relação aos que não tiveram, sendo menor nos primeiros (p = 0,04). Conclusão: A monitorização prospectiva dos anticorpos pode ajudar a identificar pacientes em maior risco para ocorrência de RMA e o aumento nos valores de MFI DSA deve ser interpretado como um sinal de alerta, sobretudo em pacientes previamente sensibilizados.
Miguel, Gabriel Antonio Stanisci 1978. "Ecocardiograma como ferramenta de triagem na avaliação de rejeição cardíaca no coração transplantado." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311905.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O transplante (TC) cardíaco é uma alternativa para os indivíduos com doença cardíaca terminal. Na evolução pós-TC, a ocorrência de episódios de rejeição é um evento frequente, sendo responsável pelo aumento da morbi-mortalidade. Uma alternativa relevante seria o emprego de um exame não invasivo que tivesse uma boa acurácia na detecção das alterações da função sisto-diastólica do coração transplantado, pois a biópsia endomiocárdica (BEM) não é um procedimento isento de complicações. Objetivo: Analisar o Índice de Performance Miocárdica como ferramenta para o diagnóstico de rejeição cardíaca e demonstrar sua possibilidade de triagem na seleção de pacientes para BEM. Método: Foram realizados ecocardiogramas transtorácicos no período de janeiro de 2006 a janeiro de 2008, para a avaliação prospectiva de 58 pacientes; sendo 17 pacientes (29,3 %) pertencentes ao grupo controle (grupo GC), 22 (37,9%) pertencentes ao grupo de pacientes transplantados sem rejeição (TX0) e 19 (32,9%) pertencentes ao grupo de pacientes transplantados com rejeição (TX1). Comparou-se a função sisto-diastólica entre os três grupos (GC, TX0, TX1). O teste de Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar se as proporções de gênero e raça eram homogêneas. Para a comparação entre os três grupos, foi utilizado a ANOVA, em caso de normalidade (verificada por meio do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov) e homocedasticidade (verificada por meio do teste de Levene) entre as variáveis; caso contrário, optou-se por utilizar o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de significância utilizado para os testes foi de 5%. Resultados: Os grupos não diferiram em relação à idade [38,47 (±11,17) X 41,18 (±13,83) X 45,95 (±12,87) p = 0,212], ao peso [71,95 (±15,90) X 68,68 (±13,14) X 66,09 (±11,91) p = 0,442], altura [1,66 (±0,11) X 1,67 (±0,05) X 1,68 (±0,06) p = 0,894] e superfície corpórea [1,82 (±0,25) X 1,78 (±0,18) X 1,75 (±0,17) p = 0,603]. O grupo GC quando comparado com o grupo TX0, apresentou alteração da função sisto-diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo, expressa através do aumento do IPM, sendo esta mais intensa nos pacientes do grupo TX1 [0,38 (0,29 - 0,39) X 0,47 (0,42 - 0,49) X 0,60 (0,52 - 0,71) p <0,001]. Conclusão: Foi evidenciado que o ÍPM encontra-se bastante aumentado nos pacientes transplantados com rejeição em relação aos pacientes transplantados sem rejeição e também em relação ao controle; portanto, este índice mostrou-se como informação não invasiva e de boa acurácia na detecção das alterações da função sisto-diastólica do coração transplantado, podendo auxiliar na triagem de pacientes transplantados, clinicamente descompensados e que anteriormente seriam submetidos à biópsia de rotina
Abstract: Introduction: The transplant (TC) cardiac is an alternative for the individuals with terminal cardiac illness. In the evolution after TC, the occurrence of rejection episodes is a frequent event, being responsible for the increase of morbi-mortality. An excellent alternative would be the job of a not invasive examination that had a good acurácia in the detention of the alterations of the diastolic function of the transplantated heart, therefore the endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is not an exempt procedure of complications. Objective: Analyze the Myocardial Performance Index (MPI) as a tool for the diagnosis of cardiac rejection and demonstrate their ability to triage in the selection of patients for EMB. Methods: Transthoracic echocardiograms in the period of January of 2006 had been carried through the January of 2008, for the prospective evaluation of 58 patients; being 17 patients (29,3%) pertaining to the group it has controlled (group GC), 22 (37,9%) pertaining to the group of patients transplantated without rejection (TX0) and 19 (32,9%) pertaining ones to the group of patients transplantated with rejection (TX1). It was compared sisto-diastolic function between the three groups (GC, TX0, TX1). The Qui-quadrado test was used to verify that the proportions of gender and race were homogeneous. For comparison between groups, ANOVA was used, in case of normality (verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and homoscedasticity (verified by Levene's test) between the variables; otherwise opted to using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level used for the tests was 5% Results: The groups did not differ in age [38,47 (±11,17) X 41,18 (±13,83) X 45,95 (±12,87) p = 0,212], weight [71,95 (±15,90) X 68,68 (±13,14) X 66,09 (±11,91) p = 0,442], height [1,66 (±0,11) X 1,67 (±0,05) X 1,68 (±0,06) p = 0,894] and body surface area [1,82 (±0,25) X 1,78 (±0,18) X 1,75 (±0,17) p = 0,603]. The GC group compared with the group TX0, had an alteration of the systolic-diastolic function of left ventricle, expressed by increasing the Miocardic Performance Index (IPM), which is more significant for patients in group TX1 [0,38 (0,29 - 0,39) X 0,47 (0,42 - 0,49) X 0,60 (0,52 - 0,71) p <0,001]. Conclusion: It was shown that the PMI is greatly increased in patients with transplant rejection compared to patients transplanted without rejection and also in relation to the control, so this index proved to be as non-invasive and accurate method for the detection of changes in systolic and diastolic function of the transplanted heart to assist in screening transplant patients clinically decompensated and who previously underwent biopsy would be routine
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Doutor em Ciências
Araujo, Margareth Batistella. "Correlação clinica e imunologica do microquimerismo do sangue periferico e impacto dos fatores imunogeneticos em pacientes brasileiros apos o transplante de figado." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310971.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Introdução - No transplante de figado, numerosos estudos demonstraram o microquimerismo alogênico. As implicações clínicas e imunológicas permanecem inconclusivas. Por outro lado, a influência das desigualdades HLA e a aloreatividade do doador são, igualmente, conflitantes. Na base desses dados controversos, esse trabalho analisou a presença do microquimerismo alogênico no transplante de figado e investigou, prospetivamente, a cinética dos leucócitos do doador relacionados a episódios de rejeição. Estendeu-se esse estudo para determinar a influência dos fatores imunogenéticos nos pacientes após o transplante de figado. Métodos - Foram analisadas, a presença de microquimerismo alogênico, a influência dos alelos HLA e os anticorpos anti-HLA doador- específico envolvendo 50 pares doador/receptor por três anos e dois meses. As análises foram realizadas no sangue periférico do receptor. O DNA foi extraído das amostras e a tipagem dos alelos HLA-DRBl e -DQBl foi realizada pelas reações em cadeia da polimerase, utilizando-se primers seqüência específica (pCRlSSP) e a análise do microquimerismo por nested PCRlSSP. O teste de Citotoxicidade Dependente de Complemento (CDC) foi utilizado para determinar a reatividade de Anticorpos contra um painel de células T e B (PRA) Resultados - O microquimerismo foi detectado em 72% dos pacientes e o efeito do microquimerismo nos episódios de rejeição foi significante (P=0,002), enquanto o efeito das desigualdades HLA não se mostrou significante com uma ou duas desigualdades (p=O,98). Receptores com HLA-DRBl *01(P=0,002), DRBl *04 (p=0,003 e DQBl *03 (P=0,002) mostraram diminuição das freqüências, quando comparadas com indivíduos controles. Os receptores com o alelo HLA-DQBl *02 (P=0,04) mostraram aumento desse alelo em relação aos controles sadios. E receptores portadores do alelo HLA-DRBl *15011 mostraram um fator de risco altamente significativo (P=0,007) no desenvolvimento do transplante de figado. Finalmente, os efeitos dos anticorpos anti-HLA doador-específico no transplante de figado não foi evidente. Conclusões - Esse estudo indicou que o método nested PCR/SSP foi sensível na detecção do microquimerimo alogênico, sendo esse fenômeno observado na maioria dos pacientes estudados. O microquimerismo alogênico esteve associado, significantemente, a episódios de rejeição nos pacientes após o transplante de figado. A análise das desigualdades HLA demonstrou diminuição de episódios de rejeição em pacientes com maior número de desigualdades HLA-DRBl e -DQBl. O alelo HLA-DRBl *15 foi associado ao fator de risco altamente significante no transplante de figado e o prolongamento do tempo de sobrevida foi maior nos indivíduos do sexo masculino. Entretanto, será necessária uma investigação mais específica no microquimerismo alogênico e nos anticorpos anti-HLA devido ao fato de determinados genes HLA parecerem desempenhar um papel na natureza e severidade das doenças relacionadas ao transplante de figado
Abstract: Background - In liver transplant, a large number of studies has demonstrated allogeneic microclrimerism. Clinical and immunological implications remain inconclusive; on the other hand, influence of HLA mismatch and donor alloreactivity also remain conf1icting. On the basis of these controversial data, the present study analyzed the presence of allogeneic microclrimerism in liver .transplant and prospectively investigated donor leukocyte kinetics related to rejection episodes. This study was extended into determining the influenceof immunogenetic factors in patients afier tiver transplant. Methods - Presence of allogeneic microclrimerism, influence of HLA alleles and donor specific anti-HLA antibodies were analyzed involving 50 donor/recipient pairs during a period of three years and two months. Analyses were carried out in peripheral blood of recipients. DNA was extracted from the samples and typing of HLA-DRBl and -DQBl alleles was obtained by Polymerase Chain Reaction using Sequence-Specific Primer (PCR/SSP). Microclrimerism was identified through nested PCR/SSP. The Complement- Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (CDC) test was used to determine Panel Reactive Antibodies (PRA) of T and B cells. Results - Microclrimerism was detected in 72% of patients and the effect of microclrimerism on rejection episodes was found to be significant (p=0.002), while the eifect of HLA mismatch did not show to be significant, with one or two mismatches (p=0.98). Recipients with HLA-DRBl *01 (p=0.002), DRBl *04 (p=0.003), and DQBl *03 (p=0.002) alleles showed decreased frequencies when compared to control individuaIs. Recipients with the HLA-DQB1*02 allele (p=0.04) showed an increase of that allele in relation to healthy controls. Further, recipients carrying the HLA-DRBl *15011 allele showed a highly significant risk factor (p=0.007) in relation to development of tiver transplantation. Finally, eifects of donor specific anti-HLA antibodies on tiver transplant were not evident. Conclusion - The present study showed that the nested PCR/SSP method was sensitive in detection of allogeneic microchimerism,and that phenomenon was observed in the majority of examined patients. Allogeneic microclrimerismwas significantly associated to rejection episodes in post tiver transplant patients. Analysis of HLA mismatch demonstrated a decrease in rejection episodes in patients with a larger number ofHLA-DRBl and -DQBl mismatches. The HLA-DRBl *15 allele was associated to a highly significant risk factor in liver transplantation and survival time extension was greater in male patients. However, a more specific investigation of allogeneic microchimerism and anti-HLA antibodies is necessary, due to the fact that certain HLA genes seem to play a role in the nature and severity of diseases related to liver transplantation
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Dalpiaz, Tiago. "Biomarcadores moleculares na rejeição mediada por anticorpos em transplantados renais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35896.
Full textIntroduction: Acute antibody mediated rejection (ABMR) is currently a major limitation to the success of renal transplantation. Its diagnosis is complex and inaccurate and the development of non-invasive biomarkers can represent promising methods for that. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in kidney transplant patients, the expression of genes related to the antibody mediated rejection and cellular, in renal tissue and peripheral blood. Methods: Crosssectional study with 56 kidney transplant patients divided into the following diagnostic categories according by the Banff 2007 classification: ABMR, acute cellular rejection (ACR), acute tubular necrosis (ATN), ACR+ABMR and normal. We used Real Time PCR to quantify relative expression of genes: CD20, CD138, von Willebrand factor (vWF), FOXP-3 and TIM-3. Results: Patients with ABMR presented, both in renal tissue and in peripheral blood, CD20 and TIM-3 mRNA transcripts significantly increased (P <0.01), in relation to groups ATN and normal. Other results with significantly higher expression in ABMR in relation to the normal group were FOXP-3 in the peripheral blood (P <0.01), CD138 in tissue (P <0.01) and vWF renal tissue and blood (P <0.05). The ROC curves demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950 (P <0.001) for CD20 in peripheral blood. Using the 6.0 cutoff point was obtained 94% sensitivity and 88% specificity for the diagnosis of RAMA. CD138 in renal tissue showed AUC 0, 905 (P <0.001), and 6.0 cutoff point was found 91% sensitivity and specificity 85%. Conclusion: The expression of CD20, both in renal tissue and in peripheral blood, and CD138 in tissue were significantly higher in patients with ABMR. More studies can confirm these findings and enable the use of the expression of these and other genes as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ABMR.
Silva, Ana Carolina Guardia da 1980. "Detecção do DNA viral dos herpesvirus 5 e 6 em biopsias hepaticas de transplantados de figado." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311917.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O Citomegalovírus (CMV) e o Herpesvírus humano 6 são vírus universais pertencentes à subfamília dos betaherpesvírus. Esses vírus permanecem latentes, podendo ser reativados por um período de imunossupressão, como acontece em pacientes submetidos a transplantes de fígado. O CMV é um importante patógeno oportunista, que influencia negativamente esses pacientes. O HHV-6 é um vírus linfotrópico, alem de infectar outras células como monócitos e células endoteliais, usando o receptor celular CD-46. A reativação do HHV-6 tem sido associada com a do CMV e rejeição do enxerto. Nos transplantados de fígado a reativação do HHV-6 tem aparecido junto com a infecção do CMV. O CMV tem sido associado como importante causa de mortalidade e morbidade nos transplantados de órgãos sólidos. Esses vírus podem causar disfunção no enxerto, supressão da medula e pré-disposição para a doença por CMV. Este estudo detectou o DNA do CMV e HHV-6 em 41 transplantados de fígado usando a Nested- PCR. Este método foi escolhido por ser mais sensível e possibilitar a genotipagem. Também analisamos a co-infecção e o impacto clínico desses vírus nos transplantados hepáticos. 145 biópsias foram analisadas (41 - biópsias de doador e 104 - biópsias pós-transplante). 23 (15.8%) das 145 foram positivas para o CMV e 53 (36.5%) positivas para o HHV-6. 19 (13%) tiveram a co-infecção na mesma amostra. 21 pacientes tiveram rejeição ao enxerto e desses 16 tiveram infecção viral. A presença desses vírus observado, nas biópsias hepáticas dos doadores e no pós- transplante, sugere que as infecções no pré-transplante são importante via de transmissão desses vírus aos receptores, causando episódios de rejeição.
Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), belong to the ß-herpesvirus subfamily. These viruses can be reactivated from latency during immunosuppression. period especially after liver transplantation, CMV has been the most important opportunistc infection that negatively influences the outcome of patients. HHV-6 is a lymphotropic virus, but it may also infect other cells, such as monocytes and epithelial cells, using the CD46-molecule as a cellular receptor. HHV-6 reactivations are often seen associated with CMV infection and allograft rejection. In liver transplant patients, HHV-6 reativations are frequently found together with CMV infection. CMV has been implicated as an important causes of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant patients. Both have been related to graft dysfunction, bone morrow suppression, and predisposition to CMV disease. In this study, CMV and HHV-6 DNA were detected in 41 liver transplant patients, using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method was chosen because increase the sensibility and with the products we can be classified into CMV genotypes. We also evaluate the co-infection and the clinical impact between those virus in liver transplant patients. 145 biopsies were tested, (41 - liver donor biopsies and 104 - liver post- transplant), Twenty three (15,8%) of 145 liver biopsies were CMV- PCR positive and fifty three (36,5%) of 145 were positive HHV-6- PCR. Nineteen (13%) of 145 biopsies were both CMV and HHV-6 positive. 21 patients had allograft rejection and 16 had infection for this virus. With the presence of the viruses observed in the samples of the donor and post-transplant, suggests that pre-transplant HHV-6 and CMV infection may be a risk factor post-transplant. They had associated with allograft refection.
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Silva, Daniel Melchiades da. "Rejeição aguda em enxertos renais com disfunção inicial : a influência do regime imunossupressor e da compatibilidade HLA." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8895.
Full textAndrade, Luís Gustavo Modelli de [UNESP]. "Expressão dos capilares peritubulares (CD34) e do VEGF na nefropatia crônica do enxerto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95185.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Not available.
Pecora, Rafael Antonio Arruda. "Associações dos anticorpos anti-HLA pré-formados e da compatibilidade HLA à rejeição celular aguda precoce no transplante hepático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-09082016-154954/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) molecules are the main targets of rejection in solid organ transplantation. Significance of anti-HLA preformed antibodies and HLA compatibility remains unclear in liver transplantation. Majority of liver transplants are performed without assessment of preformed anti-HLA antibodies and HLA-matching. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate associations of preformed anti-HLA antibodies and HLA compatibility with acute cellular rejection (ACR) in the first 90 days after transplantation. METHODS: Prospective cohort of ABO-identical/compatible liver transplants between January 2012 and December 2013. Grafts that survived more than 4 days were included. Anti-HLA class I and II antibodies were determined by solid phase assays (LABScreen® Mixed and LABScreen® ingle Antigen). A mean fluores en e intensity ( I) >= 1.000 was considered as positive for anti-HLA antibodies. Recipients and donors HLA typing for HLA-A, B and DR were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. According to HLA mismatches (MM), transplants were divided in compatible (0-3 MM) and incompatible (4-6 MM). Only biopsy proven ACR episodes, associated with abnormal liver tests, were considered. Banff criteria was used for diagnosis of ACR and episodes were graded as mild, moderate and severe. Cox proportional hazards models were performed and associated hazard ratios (HR) were determined. Free ACR rates were estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis and were compared between groups with the log-tank test. RESULTS: One hundred twenty nine transplants were analyzed. Overall incidence of ACR was 14.7% in 90 days. Assessment of anti-HLA pre-formed antibodies was considered positive in 35.6% of transplants. Regarding HLA compatibility, 91.5% were considered incompatible. Anti-HLA antibodies sensitization was associated with an increased risk of ACR (HR= 4.3; CI 95%=1,3 - 13,5; p=0.012). According to class of antibody, we could observe that class II was associated with an increased risk of ACR (HR=56.4; CI 95%= 4.5 - 709.6; p=0.002). Class I antibodies were considered tendency to increased risk of ACR (HR=2.7; CI 95%= 0.8 - 8.8; p=0,08). A better HLA compatibility was not associated with a lower risk of ACR (HR=0.9; CI 95%=0.2-3.8 p=0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that preformed anti-HLA antibodies with I >= 1.000 are associated with an increased risk of early ACR rejection in liver transplantation. Class II antibodies were also associated with an increased risk of ACR. Class I antibodies were considered tendency. HLA matching had no influence on early acute cellular rejection on this study. Anti-HLA antibodies sensitization could serve as a marker of increased immunoreactivity to the graft. It would serve for tailored immunosuppression
Barbosa, Maria Izabel Neves de Holanda. "Avaliação do PRA e CD30s no transplante renal intervivos. Acompanhamento no 1 ano e após 6 anos em pacientes do Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5592.
Full textSilva, Amanda Cabral da. "MicroRNAs na tolerância operacional no transplante renal humano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-01082018-133908/.
Full textOperational tolerance (OT) is a state of functional stability of the transplanted organ, after stopping immunosuppressive drugs for a period of at least one year. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA that downregulate gene expression of their targets, including genes related to the immune system, playing a critical role in keeping homeostasis. Our objective was to determine whether there is a differential profile of microRNAs in OT in human renal transplantation, indicating their potential participation in the mechanisms of tolerance. We analyzed the serum profile of microRNAs levels in operational tolerance (OT) (n = 8), compared with chronic rejection (CR) (n=5), stable subjects using conventional immunosuppression (STA) (n = 5) and healthy individuals (HI) (n = 5), initially using a panel of primers for 768 miRNAs, by TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) technology. We detected a differential profile in the levels of microRNAs between OT and its opposing clinical outcome - CR - suggesting that the microRNAs can integrate the network of mechanisms involved in human transplantation tolerance. Within this differential profile, some microRNAs showed higher levels in OT: miR-885-5p (p = 0.031), miR-331 (p = 0.009), miR-27a (p = 0.033) compared to CR, while others, miR-1233-3p (p = 0.029), miR-572 (p = 0.028), miR-1260a (p=0.017) and miR-638 (p = 0.047) had lower levels in OT. Comparing OT with the physiological state (HI), 2 microRNAs of the differential profile presented decreased levels in OT: miR-27a-5p, (p = 0.033) miR-1260a (p = 0.017) but no differences for the others, indicating the predominance of preservation of the profile in OT, in relation to the physiological state. Using bioinformatics, we predicted signaling pathways and we found that the target genes of these microRNAs were, predominantly, related to cell death, integrating the granzyme and death receptor pathways. Considering the various targets of the microRNAs comprised in the differential profile and their potential life-and-death effects, in these two pathways, we found a life-to-death ratio of 1.95 in OT and 0.39 in CR, indicating the greater potential to promote death in CR, and life in OT, by the action of these microRNAs. These data indicate that the regulation of pathways related to cell death may integrate the mechanisms of immune tolerance in human renal transplantation. We selected miR-885-5p to validate the findings in a larger number of subjects, and confirmed higher levels in OT (n = 8), in relation to CR (n = 12, p = 0.0063) and in relation to HI (n = 12, p = 0.0035). Considering that CASP3 is a relevant target of miR-885, we interpret that its action in OT can promote a decrease in CASP3 expression and, consequently, favor the preservation of cell survival. We conclude that epigenetic mechanisms can integrate the network of mechanisms of transplantation tolerance, such as by the action of microRNAs, regulating the expression of genes involved in cell survival and death
Ferreira, Susanne Carolinne Penha. "Detecção de estruturas renais reconhecidas por anticorpos não-HLA envolvidos na rejeição humoral em pacientes transplantados renais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-23012009-121037/.
Full textThe transplant of organs is today an option of treatment to several terminal diseases. In spite of all the progress in the field of the transplants, the rejection remains a problem to be solved. The main target molecules for the allogenic response and subsequent allograft rejection are the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). However, there are growing evidences that non-HLA antibodies are associated with transplant rejection. In this study it was investigated the presence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in 11 patients who had early lost their transplanted kidney by irreversible humoral rejection and in 2 ones from renal venal thrombosis. The absence of anti-HLA antibodies against the donor was verified by the negativity of crossmatches performed using the most sensitive assays, at the transplant, at the rejection, and before and after the transplantectomy Antibodies from 9 eluates bound to EAHy.926. Positive and negatives eluates were tested against frozen sections from 6 normal kidneys in order to define the structures to which they were reactive. The reactivity was identified by indirect immunofluorescence method. From 13 eluates evaluated, 4 (isotipe IgG) and 5 (isotipe IgM) reacted to the glomerulus and renal arterial endothelium with intense fluorescence but they did not react to the Bowmans capsule and tubular epithelium. No polymorphism was observed in eluates reactivity. In conclusion, we have shown that non-HLA antibodies may represent a cause of the humoral rejection. These antibodies are probably recognizing antigens of a nonpolymorphic system in endothelial cells present, mainly, in the glomerular capillaries.
Santos, Daniela Cristina dos. "Estudo das células Natural Killer (NK) em biópsias de transplante renal com diagnóstico de rejeição aguda C4d positiva ou negativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-07122016-153344/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical profile of markers related to NK cells from renal allograft biopsies with morphological diagnosis of acute rejection (T-cells or antibodies mediated rejection) and to study associations of those markers with types of rejection, microcirculation injury morphological parameters and graft survival. METHODOLOGY: Historical retrospective study that reviewed 74 biopsies performed between January 2009 and December 2012 in patients with acute T-cell-mediated rejection (n=36) and acute antibody-mediated rejection with (n=19) or without evident C4d deposition (n=19). The study was performed with relevant clinical and laboratory data. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed for CD56, CD57, CD16, CD68, CD3, CD8 and CD4 markers with highlights for CD56 and CD16. Counting of positive cells throughout cortical biopsy was performed in glomerular, interstitial and vascular compartments. Statistical tests were applied according to assumptions set out the goal of the study.RESULTS: DSA-negative biopsies-from patients with acute T-cell mediated rejection (aTCMR) had an increased expression of CD56+ and CD57+ cells (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001) in the interstitial compartment in comparison with donor-specific antibodies ( DSA)-positive biopsies from patients acute antibody-mediated rejection with and without C4d deposition. Interstitial CD56+ cells had an increased expression for presence of glomerulitis (g >= 1) (P = 0.02) and peritubular capillaritis (ptc >= 2) (P = 0.003). Interstitial CD56 + cells with mean superior to 0.56cells/mm2 had worse allograft survival (P = 0.028). CD56+ cells in the interstitial compartment with mean inferior or equal to 0.56cells/mm2 associated with absence or mild peritubular capillaritis (P = 0.012) and mean superior to 0.56cells/mm2 was associated with presence of glomerulitis (P = 0.002). CD16+ cells was increased in the glomerular compartment in DSA-positive biopsies (P = 0.03) and in the presence of glomerulitis (P = 0.009). Interstitial CD16+ cells associated with peritubular capillaritis (P = 0.0001).CONCLUSION: CD56+ cell infiltrates in the interstitial compartment were significantly associated with microcirculation injury scores, especially glomerulitis, acute T-cell mediated rejection and clinical outcomes. CD16+ cell infiltrates in glomerular compartment was associated with acute antibody-mediated rejection and glomerulitis. Our findings showed variations in expression of NK cells markers in renal biopsy different compartments which might suggest the involvement of NK cells in different immune system pathways in acute renal allograft rejection
Viriato, Sampaio Washington Luis 1968. "Depósito peritubular de C4d e infiltração de macrófagos em biopsias de rins transplantados com alterações limítrofes." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309113.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O significado rejeição borderline na biopsia renal permanece controverso. Por outro lado, a presença de depósitos de C4d em capilares peritubulares e infiltração de macrófagos estão associadas à ativação de resposta imune mediada por anticorpos, com pior prognóstico para o enxerto. Objetivos: Analisar a presença de depósitos de C4d em capilares peritubulares e de infiltrado de macrófagos em glomérulo e interstício de biópsias de rim transplantado diagnosticadas como rejeição borderline. Estabelecer a associação entre estes marcadores e o prognóstico do enxerto. Material e Métodos: Biopsias renais classificadas como borderline, sem antecedente prévio de rejeição aguda e com material adequado para reanálise foram incluídas neste grupo. As lâminas foram reavaliadas e reclassificadas de acordo com a classificação de Banff 1997 e posteriores, além de coradas por imunohistoquímica para C4d e macrófagos. Informações demográficas e associadas ao transplante foram coletadas a partir dos prontuários médicos. Resultados: 31 pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão no estudo. A análise das 31 biópsias renais iniciais demonstrou que as biópsias C4d positivas (n= 12) apresentaram associação com maior incidência de retardo de função do enxerto, indicação mais precoce do procedimento de biopsia, maiores índices de necrose tubular aguda degenerativa, maior incidência de capilarite e de infiltração glomerular de macrófagos, porém com menores índices de tubulite, atrofia tubular e fibrose intersticial comparado ao grupo C4d negativo. Cinco pacientes do grupo C4d negativo passaram a apresentar depósitos de C4d em biopsias sequenciais. Pacientes com pelo menos uma biopsia com C4d positivo (n=17) apresentaram pior função do enxerto renal em 6 meses (1,8 ± 0,8 vs. 1,4 ± 0,5; p <0,01), 1ano (2,1 ± 1 vs. 1,5 ± 0,5; < 0,01) e 2 anos pós transplante (2,3 ± 1,3 vs. 1,5 ± 0,7; < 0,05). Em conclusão, na presente série, a expressão de C4d em capilares peritubulares de biópsias renais classificadas como borderline esteve associada a um pior prognóstico do enxerto
Abstract: Impact of borderline rejection in renal graft remains controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of C4d deposits in peritubular capillaries and macrophage infiltration in renal biopsies with diagnosis of borderline rejection and its effect on graft function. Methods: 31 renal transplant recipients, with a diagnosis of borderline rejection were included. Initial and sequential biopsies were analyzed for morphology, C4d and macrophage staining, and compared to clinical data. Results: Initial biopsies showed 12 fragments C4d positive, associated with a higher incidence of delayed graft function, earlier post-transplant time, higher ATN score, capilaritis and glomerular macrophage infiltration, but with lower levels of tubulitis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, compared to C4d negative group. In sequential biopsies, 5 patients from negative group turned C4d positive. Patients with at least one positive C4d biopsy (n=17) showed a worse renal graft function at 6 months (1.8 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 mg/dL, p<0.01), 1 year (2.1 ± 1.0 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5 mg/dL, p<0.01) and 2 years of follow up (2.3 ± 1.3 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL, p<0.05). In conclusion, the expression of C4d in peritubular capillaries of renal biopsies classified as borderline rejection was associated with a worse prognosis for the renal allograft
Mestrado
Clinica Medica
Mestre em Clinica Medica
Santos, Daniela Cristina dos [UNESP]. "Pesquisa da fração do sistema complemento C4d, capilarite e infiltração por macrófagos em biópsias de transplante renal: papel na rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpos e na sobrevida do enxerto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95861.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, que visou estudar o papel do C4d, da capilarite e dos macrófagos na rejeição aguda renal. Foram estudados 76 casos de rejeição aguda entre 1991 e 2009. Primariamente, foi realizada análise histológica e reclassificação de todos os casos nos tipos de rejeição aguda (RA) I, II e III, segundo os critérios de Banff 97 para rejeição aguda do tipo celular (mediada por células T). A capilarite foi classificada pelos escores de Banff e por um segundo método de contagem proposto pelo estudo (ptc média), analisado através da contagem de todas as células inflamatórias intracapilares em 10 campos de aumento 400X. Foi realizado estudo imunoistoquímico para pesquisa de C4d e macrófagos em 69 e 47 casos, respectivamente. Identificamos 46 biópsias como RA tipo I, 21 como tipo II e, 9, tipo III. De 69 biópsias, 20 foram C4d positivas (14 padrão focal e 6, difuso). C4d se associou com glomerulite, capilarite (ptc média) e macrófagos. A capilarite estudada através do escore de Banff apresentou associação apenas com os tipos de rejeição (P=0,04). Entretanto, a capilarite (ptc média) além da associação com o C4d, teve correlação com macrófagos (P=0,01) e com a creatinina no momento da biópsia (CrIcreatinina inicial-P<0,05). Houve significância estatística entre macrófagos e tipos de rejeição, com maior número de macrófagos no grupo de RA tipo II+III (P=0,03) e no escore v3 (P=0,04). A perda do enxerto se associou com C4d positivo, glomerulite e RA tipo III. Em conclusão, o estudo demonstrou associação entre C4d positivo e lesões inflamatórias identificadas nos capilares, tanto peritubulares como glomerulares, com associação também para a infiltração por macrófagos. O conjunto de resultados sugere a possibilidade de componente humoral nos casos estudados
We investigate the role of C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries, peritubular capillaritis and macrophage infiltration in acute renal rejection and, we evaluate their associations with morphological and clinical data. The study included 76 patients between 1991 and 2009. Histologic analysis of acute rejection I, II and III types was done by Banff 97 classification. Capillaritis was classified by the ptc Banff scores and by counting cells within peritubular capillaries in 10 high power fields 400X (ptc mean cells). C4d and macrophages were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in 69 and 47 cases, respectivelly. Forty-six biopsies as type I, 21 type II and 9 type III were found. Twenty cases were positive C4d (14 focally and 6 diffuse). There were positive association between C4d staining and glomerulitis, peritubular capillaritis (ptc mean) and macrophage infiltration. Capillaritis using ptc Banff scores showed only statistical significant difference to type of rejection (P=0.04). Capillaritis analyzed by counting cells (ptc mean), beyond association with C4d, correlated to macrophage infiltration (P=0,01) and initial serum creatinine (P<0,05). Macrophage infiltration was significantly different between type I and II+III rejection (P=0,03) and showed increased arteritis score (v3) (P=0,04). Macrophage had also correlation with initial serum creatinine (P=0,004). There was significant graft loss in type III rejection, positive C4d and positive glomerulitis cases The study demonstrated association between positive C4d cases and inflammatory lesions of glomerular and peritubular capillaries; there were more frequency of glomerulitis, peritubular capillaritis (ptc mean) and macrophage infiltrate in the positive C4d cases. These results can suggest a possible humoral component in the studied cases
Gonçalves, Luiz Felipe Santos. "Efeito do anticorpo monoclonal anti-cd3 no infiltrado inflamatorio intra-enxerto em transplantados renais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164443.
Full textSylos, Cristina de. "Avaliação do peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP) após transplante cardíaco pediátrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-28012009-132750/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The rejection is one of the main causes of mortality after pediatric heart transplant. B natriuretic peptide has been used as a diagnostic method for rejection mainly in adult patients after heart transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To correlate BNP levels collected at the moment of endomyocardial biopsy with rejection, to evaluate BNP as an additional method for coronary artery disease and to compare clinical, echocardiograph assessment and hemodynamic parameters with endomyocardial biopsy findings. METHODS: There were 50 BNP blood samples from 33 children submitted to orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Analyzed parameters included: age, gender, race, blood type, reactive panel, functional class, immunosuppressive regimens, number of rejection episodes, echocardiography findings and hemodynamic parameters. The patients were divided in two groups: with rejection and without rejection. RESULTS: Thirty three children with a median age of 10.3 years (54% female) were studied at median time of 4.2 years after heart transplantation. Endomyocardial biopsy diagnosed nine rejection episodes (27%): three were grade 3A; five were grade 2 and one was humoral rejection. At the moment of biopsy most patients were asymptomatic. Average BNP level was 77.2 pg/ml (144.2 pg/ml in the patients with rejection and 65.8 pg/ml in the group without rejection, p=0.02). BNP level was increased in humoral rejection and in patients with coronary artery disease. ROC curve demonstrates BNP levels over 38 pg/ml to present 100% sensibility and 56% specificity to detect acute rejection. The levels of BNP were higher than 100 pg/ml in most of the patients with coronary artery disease (median of 167.5 pg/ml compared with a 40.5 pg/ml in patients without coronary artery disease). The curve ROC shows a critical cut off value for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease at the level of 90 pg/ml in, with p = 0.01. The hemodynamic parameters did not show significant differences between the patients with rejection and the group without rejection. The echocardiogram presented 44% sensibility and a 17 90% specificity to detect the rejection episode (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Children could be asymptomatic at allograft rejection episodes. BNP level was significantly elevated in children with the allograft rejection episode and may add a valuable information for the rejection assessment. Also, the higher BNP levels associated with coronary artery disease may contribute for its surveillance. Although the echocardiography presented low sensibility to screen for acute rejection episodes, its high specificity enhances its role to structural and functional alterations. The hemodynamic parameters did not contribute for the diagnosis nor presented correlation with the biopsy findings.
Risti, Matilde. "Efeito dos polimorfismos MICA, NKG2D e HLA-G e níveis plasmáticos de sMICA e sHLA-G no prognóstico e episódios de rejeição em pacientes transplantados renais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/49330.
Full textCoorientadora : Profª Drª Sueli Borrelli
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética. Defesa: Curitiba, 31/08/2017
Inclui referências : f.168-186
Resumo: O rim é o órgão mais frequentemente transplantado no mundo. O transplante renal está associado a melhorias significativas na qualidade de vida e na longevidade de pacientes com falência irreversível desse órgão. Mesmo havendo histocompatibilidade HLA entre paciente e doador, terapia com imunossupressores é ainda necessária para minimizar os efeitos de anticorpos que teriam como alvo imune antígenos de histocompatibilidade secundários (MiHAs) presentes no órgão transplantado e que poderiam desencadear a rejeição e perda de enxerto. Pouco se conhece sobre o papel destes antígenos MiHAS, especialmente a molécula MICA, como indutor e alvo de resposta imune. Portanto, foi realizado uma revisão sobre o papel de MICA e anticorpos anti-MICA no transplante renal. A continuidade deste estudo se deu com a investigação de MICA e HLA-G, ambas moléculas com função imunomoduladora antagônica na resposta imune. MICA tem sido considerado como um MiHAs e potencial alvo de resposta imune mediada por anticorpos, enquanto HLA-G é descrito como um inibidor da resposta imune. Genótipos MICA, NKG2D e HLA-G de pacientes transplantados foram avaliados. Nosso estudo teve como principal objetivo desenvolver um Modelo de Pontuação de Risco (MPR) para avaliar pacientes que apresentam um risco maior ou menor de desenvolver a disfunção de aloenxerto renal. Outros objetivos foram: avaliar a relevância de genótipos e fenótipos de MICA (sMICA) e HLA-G (sHLA-G) para o prognóstico dos pacientes transplantados e comparar os níveis solúveis de sHLA-G e sMICA entre os grupos de pacientes transplantados (n=67), pacientes renais crônicos (n=32) e controles saudáveis (n=79). As amostras sanguíneas para análise de plasma foram coletadas no pré-transplante e até três meses após o transplante renal. Utilizou-se a técnica ELISA para avaliação dos níveis plasmáticos de sMICA e sHLA-G. As genotipagens de MICA, NKG2D e HLA-G foram realizadas por PCR-SSOP, RT-PCR e SBT, respetivamente. Esses resultados foram relacionados com 40 variáveis clínicas obtidas dos pacientes transplantados. Dos pacientes renais crônicos e controles saudáveis foram avaliados os genótipos e os níveis de sHLA-G e sMICA, os quais foram comparados com aqueles dos pacientes transplantados. Na construção do MPR estruturado a partir de todas as variáveis não invasivas (demográficas, clínicas, genéticas), aquelas que se mostraram mais fortemente associadas ao risco de disfunção do aloenxerto renal foram: presença de anticorpos HLA doador específico (DSAs), transplantes e transfusões sanguíneas precedentes ao transplante monitorado, abortos prévios, uso de ATG em terapia de indução, gênero masculino e idade dos doadores superior à 55 anos. Interessantemente, na criação do MPR os genótipos MICA e HLA-G não se mostraram como variáveis relevantes para o aprimoramento do modelo. No entanto, o papel antagônico anteriormente hipotetizado, entre MICA e HLA-G foi evidenciado quando genótipos portadores do alelo MICA A5.1 mostraram-se associados a fenótipos alto produtores de sMICA e baixa de sHLAG, enquanto aqueles genótipos portadores de HLA-G*01:04P mostraram- se associados com a alta produção de sHLA-G e baixa de sMICA. Estes achados demonstram a presença de potenciais genótipos-fenótipos MICA-HLA-G característicos a serem encontrados em pacientes com maior ou menor risco imunológico em desenvolver rejeição. Palavras chaves: MICA. HLA-G. NKG2D. transplante renal.
Abstract: The kidney is the most frequently transplanted organ in the world, and this treatment is associated to significant improvements in the quality of life and longevity of patients with end-stage renal disease. Even when there's HLA histocompatibility between patient and donor, a standard immunosuppressive therapy is still needed to reduce the antibody effects that target the MiHAs (minor histocompatibility antigens) present in the transplanted organ, which could be responsible for rejection. Very little is known on MiHAs' function, especially in regards to the MICA molecule. This is the reason why a review on MICA and anti-MICA antibodies in renal transplant was written. This review led to a further research to better understand MICA and HLA-G's roles, two molecules with an antagonist immunoregulatory function. From literature it emerged that MICA has been treated as a MiHA and as a possible target of an antibody-mediated immune response. Meanwhile, HLA-G has been described as an inhibitor of the immune response. In our research, MICA, NKG2D and HLA-G genotypes of kidney transplant patients were taken into account. The target of our study was to find a Risk Score Model (RSM) to evaluate patients exhibiting higher or lower risk for allograft dysfunction development. Other focus points of our study were: to investigate the role of MICA (sMICA) and HLA-G (SHLA-G) genotypes and phenotypes in the prognosis of kidney transplanted patients and compare the levels of soluble HLAG and soluble MICA between groups of transplanted patients (n=67), chronic renal patients (n=32) and control group (n=79). Plasma samples were collected in the time that went from before transplant up to 3 months after transplant. Soluble HLA-G and MICA levels were detected by ELISA, while MICA, NKG2D and HLA-G genotyping was performed by PCR-SSOP, RT-PCR and SBT, respectively. Chronic renal disease patients and controls were evaluated for sHLA-G and sMICA plasma levels, comparing them with those of transplanted patients. The Risk Score Model is composed of 40 non-invasive variables (demographic, clinical, treatment, genetic) obtained from transplanted patients. The ones which showed to be more strictly correlated to the risk of malfunctions of the transplanted organ were: total donor-specific antibodies (DSA), DSA positive against selected donors, previous transplant, previous blood transfusion and previous abortion, use of ATG in induction therapy, male gender and donors' age higher than 50 years. It's noteworthy that, during the creation of the RSM, MICA and HLA-G genotypes didn't appear to be especially relevant variables for the model. Nevertheless, the antagonistic role of MICA and HLA-G has resulted in the association of MICA-A5.1 genotypes with high production of soluble MICA and a low one of soluble HLA-G, while the HLA-G*01:04P genotype was connected with a high production of sHLA-G and a low one of sMICA. These results prove the presence of potentially characteristic MICA-HLA genotypes/phenotypes, which can be found in patients with higher/lower risk of rejection. Keywords: MICA. HLA-G. NKG2D. Kidney transplant.
Candia, Roberto. "A doença vascular do enxerto diagnosticada pela tomografia computadorizada de múltiplos detectores como preditora de eventos maiores em pacientes submetidos a transplante cardíaco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/98/98131/tde-15072014-101449/.
Full textCongestive heart failure (CHD) is a condition characterized by the heart inot meeting the body oxygen demands. For end-stage CHD, refractory to medical treatment, heart transplant is a lifesaver treatment, but its late results may suffer a negative impact if there is allograft vasculopathy, the main reason of late adverse outcome in this population. This condition is is characterized by accelarated atherosclerosis with concentric disease predominant at the mid and distal segments of the coronary arteries. Ischemic symptoms seldom happen for the heart is denervated, and thus, it would be highly desirable to possess a test that could accuratelly foretell the presence of such abnormality. Furthermore, a possible gold standard, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) has been show to lack sensivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate if multidetector computed tomography( MDCT) could identify and thus to predict patients at higher risk of presenting late adverse events. Major events were considered as: sudden cardiac death (SCD), Hear attack, angioplasty, left ventricle impairment and retransplant. Consulting medical records we selected 59 heart transplant patients that underwent MDCT at least 7 years by clinical discretion. Mean age at the time of the exam was 49 ± 11.36 years. Mean post heart transplantantion time was 82.67 ± 36.38 months. Hypertension (HAS) prevalence was 59,32%, hyperlipidemia 57,63% and diabetes was 33,90%. Main pre-transplant CHD cause was ischemic heart disease in 38,98%, followed by Chaga\'s disease, 33.90% and idiopathic dilated cardiomyoapthy. We had 41 patients that also underwent ICA. Comparing both methods we found that MDCT had a sensibility of 100%, a specificity of 77,27%, a positive preditive value of 46,34% and a negative preditive value of 100%. The diagnosis of CAV done by MDCT was a predictor of major events at the follow-up (p=0,001). Other predictors that achieved statistical significance were positive calcium score (p<0,05), class functional (p<0,001) and dilated cardimyopathy dilated as the CHD cause (p=0,027). So we conclude that MDCT has a good accuracy on the diagnosis of CAV, and is a predictor of adverse events. Higher than zero calcium score, lower functional class and dilated cardiomyopathy also related to patient\'s follow-up.
Camargo, Spencer Marcantônio. "Anticorpo anti-AT1R em transplante pulmonar e seu potencial risco para o desenvolvimento de bronquiolite obliterante." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104081.
Full textIntroduction: The presence of specific anti-HLA antibodies (Ab) against organ donors represent a potential risk for the development of rejection in lung grafts. There are consistent evidences about the importance of the anti-receptor for angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) for long-term graft survival in kidney and heart transplantation. However, there is no information about AT1R in lung transplantation and its relationship with bronchiolitis obliterans. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the frequency and impact of the presence of anti-Ac AT1R for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after lung transplantation. Patients and Methods: We studied fifty patients after six months of transplantation. All patients had an aliquot of pre-transplantation serum and other sample at the time of their selection for the study. The serum was tested for the presence of Ab anti-HLA and anti-MICA in a Luminex platform® and anti-AT1R (AT1R) by ELISA,. The mean followup was 78.3 months. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes and also survival time for the development of BO. We compared the patients who never developed anti-AT1R with those who had the preformed antibody or developed it after transplantation. We applied the survival curve of Kaplan-Meier, reverse censoring method, log-rank and Cox regression (anti-HLA anti-MICA, CMV infection and acute rejection). The results were described as relative risk (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) of 95%, with significant P values <0.05. Results: The prevalence of preformed anti-AT1R was 22% and 15,3% de novo. There were no association between preformed anti-AT1R and anti-HLA (P = 0.279, 1.1 [0.8 to 1.7]), with a trend of association with positive anti-HLA post transplantation (P = 0.063; 1.3 [0.9 to 1.8]). Fifty percent (4/8) of the receptors for viral bronchiolitis (BOV) had preformed anti-AT1R, compared to 16.7% (7/42) of the all transplanted patientes for other diseases (P = 0.037, 1.7 [0 8 to 3.4]). There were no association with preformed anti-HLA (P = 0.716) and anti-MICA (P = 0.659). No patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) had anti-AT1R pre-or post-transplant. The relative risk for developing BO when comparing patients with anti-AT1R to those who never expressed antibodies was 1.50 (0.72 to 3.14) [P = 0.282]. Conclusion: There is a trend showing the association between the presence of anti-AT1R and developing BO after lung transplantation. The underlying lung disease seems to have implications in developing anti-AT1R, and viral bronchiolitis obliterans that shows higher risk for onset while LAM minimum risk.
Dummer, Claus Dieter. "Expressão gênica e proteica do fator de transcrição foxp3+ em biópsias do aloenxerto renal e sua associação com a função e sobrevida tardias do rim transplantado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/37425.
Full textBackground. The transcription factor FOXP3 is increased in acute rejection in renal transplant recipients, but its influence in graft function and survival is not clear yet. The aim of this study was to correlate FOXP3 gene and protein expression with graft outcomes, and to evaluate its association with antigen presenting cells in kidney graft biopsies. Methods. We assessed 91 kidney transplant recipients undergoing allograft biopsy for acute or chronic dysfunction, classified by Banff histology. FOXP3 mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR, and FOXP3 protein and dendritic cells (CD83+ DCs) by immunohistochemistry. All analyzes were done in formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. The magnitude of FOXP3 expression was established by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Graft function and survival at 5 years post transplantation were assessed, as well as independent predictors of graft loss. Results. Intra-graft FOXP3 gene and protein expression were significantly correlated (r=0.541, p<0.001). Both FOXP3 mRNA and protein were increased in patients with acute rejection (AR) as compared to those with no rejection (NR) (p=0.039 and p<0.001, respectively) or interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) (p=0.035 and p=0.034, respectively). FOXP3-RNAmhigh (≥ 2.36 log10RNAm ) or FOXP3-proteinhigh (≥ 2.5 FOXP3+ cells/mm2) did not correlate with demographic or transplant variables, but patients with FOXP3-RNAmhigh had higher glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and tended to have a positive delta of GFR at last follow up. CD83+ DCs tended to be increased in biopsies with IF/TA as compared to NR (p=0.065), but were not associated to AR. Patients with FOXP3-RNAmhigh had more CD83+ DCs on biopsy: 0.86 (0.25-4.0) vs. 0.44 (0-1.12) cells/mm2, p=0.032. The cumulative 5-year graft survival of these renal allografts was not influenced by FOXP3 mRNA expression (p=0.69, log-rank test). Neither FOXP3 mRNA or protein were predictors of graft survival, only higher eGFR at biopsy was a protective factor against graft loss. Conclusions: This study gives support for performing FOXP3 molecular analysis in archival tissue of renal graft biopsies, where FOXP3 mRNA and protein had a good correlation. As expected, there was an increased FOXP3 expression in biopsies with AR, and biopsies with FOXP3-RNAmhigh associated with greater number of dendritic cells. In this cohort, FOXP3 was not associated with better renal graft outcomes.
Danilovic, Alexandre. "Efeito protetor da N-acetilcisteína na evolução precoce de receptores de transplante renal com doador falecido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-07052010-150418/.
Full textINTRODUCTION Deceased renal transplant graft survival rates are worse than those from living donors. Reactive oxygen metabolites are believed to be important mediators of various forms of acute kidney injury, such as ischaemic renal failure, radiocontrast nephrotoxicity and ureteral obstruction. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on early outcomes of deceased renal transplant patients regarding graft function and oxidative stress. METHOD Between April 2005 and June 2008, 74 adult primary graft recipients of deceased renal donors were randomly assigned to treatment (NAC) (n=38) or control (n=36) group and prospectively evaluated for 90 days. Treatment group received N-acetylcysteine 600 mg bid po from 0 to 7th postoperative day (PO). Renal function was determined by serum creatinine, Cockroft-Gault estimated GFR (eGFR) at 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th PO and dialysis free Kaplan-Meier estimate curve. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which are markers of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, were determined using the thiobarbituric acid assay from 0-7th PO. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 and Chi-square test, Fisher´s exact test, Student t test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA and log rank test were applied as indicated. RESULTS Biopsy confirmed acute rejection was less frequent, albeit not significant, with NAC (3/38 7.9% vs. 7/36 19.4%, p=0.203). NAC group presented a lower mean serum creatinine during follow-up (p=0.026). NAC group presented a higher mean eGFR (p=0.029). Kaplan-Meier estimate for dialysis free recipients presented less days of dialysis for the NAC group (p=0.008). Oxidative stress was significantly attenuated with NAC (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that N-acetylcysteine enhance deceased renal transplant outcomes by attenuating oxidative stress
Cusinato, Diego Alberto Ciscato. "Associação dos polimorfismos do CYP3A5 e da PGP com a farmacocinética do tacrolimus, nefrotoxicidade aguda e rejeição do enxerto após transplante renal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17133/tde-20082013-151121/.
Full textTacrolimus (TAC) is widely used to prevent acute rejection following solid-organ transplantation. This drug is characterized by a narrow therapeutic index and drug monitoring programs are required both to optimize efficacy and to limit toxicity. TAC is known to be substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 and P-glycoprotein (PGP/ABCB) and its been suggested that genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) of these proteins are highly associated with variations in TAC pharmacokinetics. We investigated the influence of polymorphisms of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 gene on the pharmacokinetic parameters (PK) of TAC and on the incidence of kidney injuries and allograft rejection (AR) in renal transplant recipients. Patients receiving TAC for at least 12 months (n=108) were genotyped (real-time PCR) for CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) and for ABCB1 1236C>T (rs1128503), 2677G>T/A (rs2032582) and 3435C>T (rs1045642) polymorphisms. TAC predose concentration (Co; ng/mL), TAC daily dose (mg/day per kg body weight) and dose-normalized predose concentrations (Co/dose; ng/mL per mg/day per kg body weight) were retrieved from medical records up to 03 years after transplantation. Clinical outcomes were analyzed evaluating renal function in terms of creatinine clearance ( Cockroft-Gault equation) and allograft survival. Kidney injuries and AR diagnostics were established by clinical suspicion and in presence of histological findings in renal biopsies according to the 2007 Banff classification. ABCB1 gene haplotypes were statistically inferred using PHASE software (version 2.1). No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in our study population for the polymorphic loci examined in CYP3A5 and ABCB1. Allelic frequencies of these polymorphisms (6986G 74%; 1236C 60%; 3435C 60% and 2677G 65%) and haplotypes (49% 2677G-3435C-1236C and 30% 2677T- 3435T-1236T) were consistent with other studies in the Brazilian population. Individuals carrying at least one CYP3A5*1 allele required higher TAC dose to achieve similar TAC blood levels as the homozygous individuals for the *3 allele (0.09 ± 0.03 vs.0.06 ± 0.03, mg/day per kg body weight, p<0.001). The presence of the CYP3A5*1 allele was also associated with lower TAC Co/dose compared to CYP*3 homozygous (84.9 ± 43.2 vs. 144.6 ± 66.7 ng/mL per mg/day per kg body weight, p<0.001). Regarding ABCB1 polymorphisms, individuals homozygous for the variant allele of each individual SNP and for the haplotype (TTT) showed higher Co/dose ratio. No associations were found between SNPs or haplotypes and allograft survival or creatinine clearance. We did find, though, that patients carrying GCC haplotype had a higher incidence of chronic rejection. Our findings confirm the effect of CYP3A5 and, less pronounced of ABCB1 polymorphisms, on the TAC pharmacokinetic. On the other hand, we did not find any association between these polymorphisms and relevant clinical outcomes, suggesting that CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genotyping must not be incorporated as a useful clinical tool on the management of kidney transplantation.
Souza, Patrícia Soares de. "Relevância da monitorização dos anticorpos anti-HLA após o transplante renal: estudo clínico e anatomopatológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-25062009-105922/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The aim was to follow prospectively anti-HLA antibodies (Abs) after kidney transplantation and to evaluate their association with acute rejection episodes, C4d staining and graft survival. METHODS: We analyzed 926 sera from 111 transplanted patients until graft lost or during 1 year posttransplant. The antibodies were analyzed using Panel Reactive Antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (PRA-ELISA). Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) were detected by crossmatch tests and characterized by single antigen beads. Acute rejections (AR) were classified by Banff 97 criteria, updated in 2003. RESULTS: According to post-transplant PRAELISA the patients were classified in 5 groups: Group A (n=80): no evidence of Abs pre and post-transplant; Group B (n=8): patients with Abs de novo; Group C (n=5): sensitized patients who sustained the same PRA-ELISA levels; Group D (n=4): sensitized patients who increased PRA-ELISA levels and Group E (n=14): sensitized patients who decreased PRA-ELISA levels during the first year. The overall incidence of acute rejection was 23,4%. Patients from Groups B, C and D had more AR (respectively, 57%; 60% and 100%) than patients from Groups A (18%) and E (7%), (p<0.001). Patients from Group A had lower Banff scores than other groups (p=0.03) and lower rates of C4d positivity on AR biopsies (p<0.001). Among patients with AR, 44% of them had antibodies which appeared/increased during the AR episodes, and 90% were DSA. AR were pure cell-mediated (C4d-/Abs-) in 56% of the cases. The overall incidence of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) was 11%. One-year censored graft survival was lower in patients with AR (p<0.001), specially in those with DSA (p<0.001), C4d+ (p=0.003), and AMR (p<0.003). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that monitoring of anti- HLA antibodies post-transplantation is an useful tool for the diagnosis of antibody-mediated responses, and has prognostic implications in terms of graft survival.
Ticona, Perez Fany Veronica. "Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HLA classe I e II em pacientes submetidos ao transplante renal." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308630.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Este estudo prospectivo avalia os níveis séricos e as especificidades dos anticorpos anti-HLA em receptores de rim de doador cadáver, além de estimar sua influência na etiologia e gravidade das crises de rejeição. Entre os meses de junho de 2004 a agosto de 2006 foram analisados 40 receptores de transplante renal com prova cruzada pré-transplante negativa e acompanhados, clinicamente, no mínimo por 90 dias após o transplante. Os pacientes foram estratificados por sintomatologia clínica de rejeição bem sucedido e mau sucedido, sendo o grupo A composto de 26 casos com rejeição e o grupo B com 14 casos sem complicações. As amostras de soro para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HLA, aplicando os testes imunoenzimáticos (One Lambda Inc.), foram obtidas antes e até 60 dias depois do transplante, pois coincide com o aumento dos níveis de creatinina sérica, nos pacientes com má evolução do enxerto. O resultado dos anticorpos anti-HLA antes do transplante foi negativo. Enquanto o número médio de incompatibilidade HLA (mismatched) entre receptor e doador, considerando os loci HLA-A, B e DR, foi 4/6 em ambos os grupos, sendo que no grupo A as mais freqüentes foram 4/6 e 3/6 e do grupo B somente 4/6. Dentre os 26 pacientes do grupo A, 3 (11,5%) desenvolveram anticorpos anti-HLA detectados nos dias 16, 28 e 46 após o transplante. Os anticorpos desenvolvidos foram específicos aos antígenos do doador, sendo apenas um caso pertencente ao grupo de reação cruzada, no qual se incluía também o antígeno do doador. Estes pacientes desenvolveram rejeição aguda do tipo vascular. Os demais pacientes deste grupo apresentaram crises de rejeição reversíveis com a administração da terapia imunossupressora (ciclosporina, micofenolato e tacrolimus) estabelecida pelos protocolos do Centro Integrado de Nefrologia. Enquanto o grupo B não desenvolveu anticorpos anti-HLA. Embora a casuística seja pequena, os resultados sugerem a importância de desenvolver anticorpos que combatam os antígenos HLA do doador perante a gravidade da crise de rejeição e por conseguinte, na perda do enxerto
Abstract: This prospective study evaluates the seric levels and anti-HLA antibodies¿ specificities of kidney receptor from dead donor, besides to esteem its influence in the etiology and its severity in the rejection crises. From June 2004 to August 2006, 40 transplanted kidney receptors had been analyzed with negative crossed test before of transplant and followed, clinically, at least 90 days after transplant. Patients were grouped by positive and negative rejection of clinical symptoms, being the group A made up of 26 positive cases and group B 14 negative cases. The serum samples for researching anti-HLA antibodies, applying the immunoenzimatic tests (One Lambda Incorporation), had been gotten just before and up to 60 days after the transplant, so that it coincides with increasing creatinine serum levels in the patients with bad evolution of engraftment. The anti-HLA antibodies results before transplant were negative. While the average number of HLA incompatibility (mismatched) between receptor and donor, considering HLA-A, B and DR loci, was 4/6 in both groups. Being in the group A the most frequent had been 4/6 and 3/6 and in the group B only 4/6. Among 26 patients of group A, 3 (11.5%) had developed detected anti-HLA antibodies in days: 16, 28 and 46 after transplant. The developed antibodies had been specific to donor¿s antigens, being only one case belongs to the crossed reaction group, which it had also the donor¿s antigens. These patients had an acute rejection of the vascular type. The others of this group presented reversible crises of rejection using immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine, mycophenolate and tacrolimus) determined by the Institution protocols. Group B did not develop anti-HLA antibodies. Although this sample is small, the results suggest the importance of creating antibodies that battle with donor¿s HLA antigen due to severity of rejection crisis and therefore, its loss
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
Borges, Thiago de Jesus. "Vias efetoras pelas quais a Hsp70 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis inibe a rejeição aguda em um modelo de aloenxerto cutâneo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1331.
Full textTransplantation of solid organs has emerged as a viable therapeutic modality for the treatment of a variety of disorders. Rejection of solid organ allografts is the result of a complex range of interactions involving coordination between both the innate and adaptive immune system. Therewith, a major goal of clinical organ transplantation is to induce a donor-specific unresponsive state in a mature immune system that is free from long-term immunosuppression and chronic rejection. The limitations in the establishment of immunossupressive stratagies led us to search new methods to the modulation of the homeostatic mechanisms that limit and prevent inflammatory responses in allograft tissue. The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has a protective and antiinflamatory role in several animals models like arthritis, colitis, pulmonary fibrosis and brain injury. This protein can modulates both the innate and adaptative immune system. Our group demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp70 (Mt Hsp70) can inhibit bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) maturation; however the mechanisms involved in this process has not been completely elucidated. In the present work, we demonstrated that Mt Hsp70 inhibited the acute rejection in two allograft models (a tumor model and a skin allograft model).In both models, we observed an involvement of Tregs. In addition, s. c. Mt Hsp70 injection leds to an increase in Treg population and IL-10 production in the draining lymph node. We also observed that the inhibition of acute rejection induced by Mt Hsp70 was dependent on the presence of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in the allograft, and not in the host. In BMDCs, we demonstrated that IL-10 production induced by Mt Hsp70 is dependent on TLR2. Also, we analyzed the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and Akt after Mt Hsp70 stimulus. We observed an increase in p-ERK expression, but no difference in p-38 and p-Akt levels. The inhibition of ERK abolished the IL-10 production induced by Mt Hsp70. We propose that Mt Hsp70 effect on DCs can be used as a therapeutic approach in transplantation models.
O transplante de órgãos sólidos emergiu como uma terapia viável para o tratamento de uma variedade de patologias. A rejeição dos enxertos é resultado de uma série complexa e coordenada de interações envolvendo o sistema imune inato e adaptativo. Com isso, o maior desafio no transplante de órgãos sólidos é induzir um estado irresponsivo e específico ao doador em um sistema imune maduro sem que haja uma imunossupressão sistêmica e de longo prazo, tudo isso livre de rejeição crônica. As limitações no estabelecimento de estratégias imunossupressoras nos levaram a buscar novos métodos para a modulação dos mecanismos homeostáticos que previnem e limitam as respostas inflamatórias nos tecidos enxertados. A proteína de choque térmico (Heat shock protein – Hsp) 70 tem um papel antiinflamatório e protetor em modelos animais experimentais como artrite, colite, fibrose pulmonar e danos cerebrais. Essa protéina pode modular tanto o sistema imune inato quanto o adaptativo. Nosso grupo demonstrou que a Hsp70 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt Hsp70) pode inibir a maturação de células dendríticas diferenciadas da medula óssea (bone marrow dendritic cells – BMDCs), porém o mecanismo envolvido nesse processo ainda não foi totalmente esclarecido. Nesse trabalho, demonstramos que a Mt Hsp70 foi capaz de aumentar a sobrevida do enxerto em dois modelos murinos de transplantes (um modelo tumoral e um modelo de aloenxerto cutâneo).Em ambos os modelos, observamos o envolvimento de Tregs. Demonstramos que a administração s. c. da Mt Hsp70 levou a um aumento dessas células nos linfonodos drenantes, além de um aumento na produção de IL-10. Também observamos que a inibição da rejeição aguda induzida pela Mt Hsp70 no modelo de aloenxerto cutâneo é dependente da presença do receptor do tipo toll (toll like receptor – TLR) 2 no enxerto, e não no receptor. Nas BMDCs, vimos que a indução da IL-10 induzida pela Mt Hsp70 é dependente de TLR2. Ainda nessas células, analisamos a fosforilação de moléculas como a ERK, p38 e Akt após o estímulo com a Mt Hsp70. Observamos um aumento na expressão de p-ERK e nenhuma alteração nos níveis de p-p38 e p-Akt. A inibição da ERK aboliu a produção de IL-10 induzida pela Mt Hsp70. Propomos que esse efeito da Mt Hsp70 sobre as DCs pode servir como intervenção terapêutica em modelos de transplantes.