Academic literature on the topic 'Rekombinantní vakcína'

Zapaljenje vimena ili mastitis kod krava je akutno ili hronično zapaljenje izvodnihkanala, parenhima ili intersticijuma jedne ili više četvrti vimena krava. Mastitisse definiše kao odgovor mlečne žlezde na prisustvo mikroorganizama. Mastitisipredstavljaju veliki zdravstveni i ekonomski problem u zapatima visokomlečnihkrava, a mogu se javiti u kliničkoj formi (klinički mastitis) sa raširenošću 1–3% i usubkliničkoj formi (subklinički mastitis) sa raširenošću više od 30%. Staphylococcusaureus izaziva teške akutne mastitise veoma često sa promenom opšteg stanja, ali isubkliničke forme mastitisa. Terapija ovog mastitisa ne daje uvek zadovoljavajućerezultate, pa je vakcinacija jedan od mogućih pristupa u rešavanju ovog problema.Stafilokoke su veoma slabi antigeni, što dodatno onemogućava i otežava pronalazakefikasne vakcine. U literaturi su opisani različiti pristupi pripreme vakcine protivmastitisa izazvanog S. aureusom. Vakcina može da sadrži inaktivisane bakterijeS. aureus, alfa i beta toksoide, proteina A i fibronectin-binding protein kao mogućeantigene u aktivaciji aktivnog imunološkog odgovora. Imunizovanje mlečne žlezdegde se kao antigen koristi inkorporisan lizat S. aureus u biodegradabilne parikule kojeimaju funkciju stimulacije produkcije i opsonizacije antitela, još je jedan od načinapripreme vakcine. Vakcina pripremljena od ekstracelularne komponente S. aureusSA2H (slime associated antigen complex SAAC) pokazala je zadovoljavajuće rezultate.Noviji pristupi pripremi vakcine ukazuju da se kao antigen može koristiti clampingfaktor A (ClfA) Staphylococcus aureusa, kao i deo membrane površinskog proteina kojise zove rTRAP (rekombinantni Target RNAIII Activating Protein) koji je sastavni deoproteina 167 AA patogenih sojeva stafilokoka. Imunoprofilaksa omogućava moderanpristup u rešavanju mastitisa izazvanih sa S. aureus, smanjenu upotrebu antibiotika uterapiji, a samim tim i smanjeno odbacivanje mleka zbog rezidua antibiotika.

The aim of this study was to develop a system for easy production of different veterinary chimeric vaccines based on stable mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) structures. The system is designed for antigens that are problematic in production or stability. First, universal vectors for baculovirus-directed production of chimeric MPyV VLPs or pentamers based on the major capsid protein VP1 were designed to be exploited as vaccines against other pathogens. The different strategies used in this study are based on: A) exposure of selected immunogenic epitopes on the surface of MPyV VLPs by inserting them into a surface loop of the VP1 protein, B) insertion of foreign protein molecules inside the VLPs, or C) fusion of a foreign protein or its part with the C-terminus of VP1 protein, thus forming giant pentamers of a chimeric protein. Candidate vaccine antigens against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of porcine circovirus 2 systemic diseases (PCV2-SD) which causes significant economic losses in swine breeding, were prepared using the constructed vectors. All candidate vaccines induced the production of antibodies against the capsid protein of PCV2 after immunization of mice. The candidate vaccine Var C based on fusion of MPyV and PCV2 capsid proteins, is able to induce production of antibodies with...

K. Babiarová Ph.D. Thesis ABSTRACT Cancer immunotherapy is concerned generally with the activation of cancer immunity specific for tumor antigens (TA) produced by cancer cells. My PhD thesis focused on the development of different types of cancer vaccines expressing various TA and predominantly on the determination of the efficacy of these vaccines. For studying TA-specific cancer cellular immunity in mice immunized with these vaccines, I used mainly the ELISPOT-IFNγ assay. First, DNA, recombinant vaccinia virus (rVACV) and peptide vaccines against WT1 positive tumors were prepared. They consist of a fragment of WT1 protein with motifs predicted to bind to Db murine MHC class I. The administration of peptide vaccines by tattoo delivery in combination with unmethylated CpG motifs and anti-TGFβ monoclonal antibody was the most effective. Next, I was interested in the immunotherapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Hruskova et al. prepared the mouse polyomavirus-like particles (MPyV-VLP) carrying the junction region of BCR-ABL fusion protein (1). In our laboratory, there were constructed the other types of CML vaccines with the expression of the junction region of BCR-ABL fusion protein, such as DNA or rVACV, too. Prepared vaccines failed to induce effective cancer immune response. It seems that BCR-ABL...

1 ABSTRACT The success of cancer vaccines depends on factors associated with the vaccine, which define the main parameters of effective immune responses such as its size and quality, as well as on factors related with the host, represented by the immunosuppressive mechanisms that allow the tumor to escape recognition by the immune system or negatively influence the function of effector T-cells. Attenuated, non-replicating viruses are at present preferred as VACV for safety reasons. A problem may arise concerning their lack of immunogenicity. Through the deletions of non-essential genes, vaccination vectors are therefore developed based on attenuated rVACV capable of replication, which induce a strong immune response. Genes of various immunological adjuvants (e.g., genes for cytokines and costimulatory molecules) are inserted into the vectors for the purpose of eliminating the influence of the immunosuppressive mechanisms of tumors. The first part of the work describes our study of the influence of vCCI on biological properties of rVACV derived from the Prague strain. Testing of vCCI deletion and insertion mutants expressing tumor associated protein HPV16 E7 has shown that secreted vCCI attenuated the virus in vivo, which correlated with reduced levels of the corresponding CC chemokines in the blood compared...