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Kim, Angela. "Relate, Relative, Relationship." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/514.
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Thesis advisor: Susan Michalczyk<br>Isaac Newton's third Law of Motion states that "for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." When things collide, there is an immutable effect on both the initiator and the reactor. In the same way, people are in constant motion, "colliding" with one another and irrevocably changing in the process. It was only when I had to live on my own at Boston College that I realized how much the people in my life had such a powerful influence in my life. They are the ones who guided me to evolve into the person I am today. Swayed by my scientific background, I had always believed that I was mostly predestined by my genetic makeup: who I will ultimately become was written in my DNA from conception. However, living in a suite with seven other women and developing close relationships with people who were so unique made me question everything: my beliefs, my approach, my reactions, my opinions. The first chapter is a personal experience I had with my mother in dealing with the cultural and language barriers we had to face. A great deal of our misunderstandings arose because I was the first generation in my family to be born in America and to pursue a higher education at college. Many children come to a point when they rebel against everything their parents tell them to do because they do not understand why their parents do and say the things they do. It is only after the child and the parents can come to a mutual comprehension of each other that steps can be made toward building a stronger relationship, a relationship that goes beyond the simple acts of obedience — or rebellion — and of giving commands. My parents had immigrated to America in their early twenties in pursuit of better opportunities for their future. It was not until I was older and when my relationship with my mother had deepened that I could begin to comprehend her side of the story, her journey, her past which had influenced her decisions that she had made for her children. In order to recount this experience creatively, pieces of conversations that I had with my mother are woven throughout my scenes and my mother's scenes, which, in their stark contrast, causes a palpable tension. Being able to recount the memories in retrospect gives the ability to compare each experience and to reach an understanding. The second chapter is an exploration of the ripple effect amongst strangers and how individuals are all connected in one way or another. Our influences are felt by those around us, even though we may not be directly connected with them. Opening with a dramatic scene, the reader is taken sequentially backwards in time, tracing the steps that the seemingly unconnected characters had taken, ultimately understanding the woman's motivation. Each individual's secrets and conditions all culminate into that moment where one person tries to take her own life. It is rarely one isolated moment that triggers action. Like a snowball that rolls down a hill, increasing its speed and its size over time, various facets of one's life and of other's lives collect together to produce a bigger consequence of which one is aware. The concluding chapter of this series explores the fictional world of a family dealing with the repercussions of their past actions. Each individual's decisions had ramifications for the rest of the family, which they struggle to deal with years later. Characters face guilt, anger, bitterness, and responsibility, as they are constantly reminded of the day when their lives came crashing down. Instead of telling these characters' story by starting from the past and proceeding to the present in chronological order, I decided to include pieces of information and scenes from their memories for the reader to piece together. In the end, the reader is left with having to make a decision: with whom will he or she ultimately sympathize? Will he or she even make that choice? This comprehensive and tedious project provided many obstacles and tensions throughout the year, but it was a journey and a journey worth taking. Before this year, I was never afforded the opportunity to pursue a goal I had set for myself after watching "A Walk to Remember" in high school: to write a novel. It has been rewarding to see the end product of constant revisions, of constant criticisms, and of constant growth<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: English<br>Discipline: College Honors Program
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Alkhoury, Abboud Cynthia. "Contrôle peptidergique de la douleur : modulation des voies descendantes par les systèmes relaxine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0133.
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La douleur chronique souvent accompagnée d’anxiété et de dépression est un fléau mondial. La modulation de la douleur par les neuropeptides (NP) est bien connu au niveau des afférences primaires et de la moelle épinière. Peu de données sont toutefois disponibles sur leur rôle dans la douleur dans le cerveau. La famille relaxine comprend la relaxine, présente dans le système nerveux central (SNC) et qui possède des propriétés antifibrotiques, et la relaxine-3, strictement exprimée dans le SNC et qui présente des effets anxiolytiques et antidépressifs. Notre objectif est d’étudier la modulation de la douleur par les neuropeptides relaxine et relaxine-3 dans un modèle de douleur inflammatoire persistante chez la souris.Nos résultats démontrent que non seulement le système relaxine-3 / RXFP3, mais aussi le système relaxine / RXFP1 encore très peu exploré dans le SNC, ont des effets analgésiques en conditions de douleur inflammatoire. Les sites d'action de ces systèmes peptidergiques comprennent des régions corticales (cortex cingulaire, claustrum) et sous-corticales (amygdale) qui régulent les voies descendantes et l'intégration sensorielle dans la moelle épinière. Nos données mettent en évidence le potentiel thérapeutique de cette famille peptidergique dont les rôles dans la douleur n'avaient jamais été testés<br>Chronic pain often accompanied by anxiety and depression is a global scourge. The modulation of pain by neuropeptides (NP) is well known at the level of primary afferents and the spinal cord. However, little data is available on their role in pain in the brain. The relaxin family includes relaxin, which is present in the central nervous system (CNS) and has antifibrotic properties, and relaxin-3, which is strictly expressed in the CNS and has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Our objective is to study the modulation of pain by the neuropeptides relaxin and relaxin-3 in a mouse model of persistent inflammatory pain.Our results show that not only the relaxin-3 / RXFP3 system, but also the relaxin / RXFP1 system, which is still poorly explored in the CNS, have analgesic effects in conditions of inflammatory pain. The sites of action of these peptide systems include cortical (cingulate cortex, claustrum) and subcortical (amygdala) regions that regulate descending pathways and sensory integration in the spinal cord. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of this peptide family, whose role in pain has never been tested before
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Vo, Thi Anh Ngoc. "Subordination relative en vietnamien : éléments de comparaison avec le français." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20151.
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Cette thèse propose une description du vietnamien en comparaison avec le français autour du phénomène de la relativisation, dans le cadre de la linguistique typologique et contrastive. Elle s’articule en deux parties. La première traite des questions préliminaires et du cadre typologique. Il s’agit de présenter quelques traits dominants de la langue vietnamienne, langue isolante, par rapport au français, langue flexionnelle, en passant en revue certaines notions de base en linguistique générale telles que sujet/sujet grammatical, thème/rhème, phrase/proposition et subordination/subordonnant. La notion de subordination sera ensuite introduite dans le cadre typologique adopté (Creissels 2006) pour la présentation de la relativisation translinguistique ainsi que pour l’analyse des relatives en français et en vietnamien. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude contrastive des relatives en français et en vietnamien, et cela, avec un double objectif. Le premier est de dégager, aux niveaux morphosyntaxique et fonctionnel, les propriétés de la relativisation en examinant la structure syntaxique du nom de domaine, les stratégies de relativisation, la Hiérarchie d’Accessibilité à la relativisation ainsi que les types de relatives. Le second est de mettre en évidence les particularités du fonctionnement du vietnamien par rapport au français, et plus spécifiquement, la relation minimale (Lemaréchal 1997) entre un nom et une relative et la polyfonctionnalité du relativiseur mà. Cette étude, qui se veut contribuer à la typologie de la relativisation, fournit une description systématique de la subordonnée relative dans une perspective typologique, et jamais une telle étude n’a été entreprise, à notre connaissance, en linguistique vietnamienne<br>This thesis proposes a description of Vietnamese in comparison with French around the phenomenon of relativization in the frame of typological and contrastive linguistics. It is divided into two parts. The first part specifies the preliminary matters and typological framework. It presents some salient features of the Vietnamese language, an isolating language, compared to the French inflected language. It reviews some basic concepts in general linguistics such as subject / grammatical subject, theme / rheme, sentence / clause and subordination / subordinator. The notion of subordination is then introduced into the typological framework adopted (Creissels 2006) for the presentation of crosslinguistic relativization as well as for the analysis of relative clauses in French and in Vietnamese. The second part is devoted to the constrative study of the relative clauses in French and in Vietnamese with two objectives. The first objective is to identify the properties of relativization at the morphosyntactic and functional levels by examining the syntactic structure of the head noun, the strategies of relativization, the Accessibility Hierarchy for relativization and the typology of relative clauses. The second objective is to highlight the peculiarities of the functioning of Vietnamese compared with French, and more specifically, the Minimum relationship (Lemaréchal 1997) between a head noun and a relative clause and the polyfunctionality of the relativiser mà. This study, which aims at contributing to the typology of relativization, provides a systematic description of the relative subordination in a typological perspective, and never such a study has been undertaken, to our knowledge, in Vietnamese linguistics
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El-Hayek, Elissar. "Analyse à large échelle du profil d'expression des gènes dans des chondrocytes articulaires soumis à un stress mécanique de type étirement : la relaxine une nouvelle cible d'intérêt dans les pathologies ostéoarticulaires ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T077.
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Le cartilage articulaire est un tissu conjonctif spécialisé recouvrant les surfaces osseuses et assurant, avec d’autres tissus comme la membrane synoviale, le bon fonctionnement des articulations. Le cartilage est composé d'un type cellulaire, le chondrocyte, qui assure la synthèse et la dégradation d’une matrice extracellulaire essentielle à ses propriétés mécaniques. Les articulations, en conditions physiologique et pathologique, sont soumises à deux stress principaux agissant sur l’homéostasie du cartilage : le stress mécanique et le stress inflammatoire. Le premier objectif de ma thèse était d’étudier l’effet d’un stress mécanique de type étirement sur le profil d’expression des gènes dans des chondrocytes articulaires de lapin en culture primaire en utilisant une approche à grande échelle (micro‐arrays). Nous avons identifié 36 et 57 transcrits répertoriés dans le génome de lapin et dont les taux d’expression sont respectivement augmentés et diminués par un étirement équibiaxial cyclique (5%, 1Hz, 20h). Certains gènes sont connus pour leur implication dans l’inflammation, la mort cellulaire et la dégradation matricielle. Parmi eux, celui de la relaxine (RLN) était le gène le plus induit par l’étirement. La relaxine, hormone peptidique de la superfamille de l’insuline/relaxine, est connue pour son implication dans la reproduction et la grossesse. En revanche son rôle dans le cartilage articulaire restait à étudier. Le deuxième objectif de ma thèse était, par conséquent, de caractériser la fonction de la RLN dans le cartilage. Mes résultats de RT‐PCR quantitative montrent pour la première fois que la quantité des transcrits de la RLN est augmentée par le stress mécanique et le stress inflammatoire (traitement par l’interleukine‐1) dans des chondrocytes articulaires de lapin. De plus, la quantité des transcrits de la RLN est diminuée au cours de la dédifférenciation des chondrocytes. Dans un modèle de gonarthrose induite chez la souris par déstabilisation du ménisque médial, j’ai montré par immunofluorescence que la RLN est principalement présente au niveau des couches superficielles du cartilage de genou et que son expression diminue dans le cartilage arthrosique par rapport au cartilage normal. De plus, le traitement par de la RLN de chondrocytes de lapin augmente l’activité de la métalloprotéinase MMP‐9 impliquées dans la dégradation du cartilage. En conclusion, cette étude montre que la RLN est sensible aux stress mécanique et inflammatoire et la dédifférenciation des chondrocytes. Elle suggère que cette hormone pourrait moduler l’homéostasie du cartilage. La RLN est donc une cible potentielle d’intérêt dans les pathologies ostéoarticulaires<br>The articular cartilage is a specialized conjunctive tissue covering bone surfaces. It ensures, together with other tissues like the synovial membrane, the right functioning of the articulations. The cartilage is formed of one cellular type, the chondrocyte, which is responsible for the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix required for its mechanical properties. The joints, under physiological and pathological conditions, are subjected to two main types of stress that affect cartilage homeostasis: mechanical stress and inflammatory stress. The first objective of my PhD thesisis is to study the effect of stretching, one type of mechanical stress, on the gene expression profile in rabbit articular chondrocytes in culture using a large scale approach (micro‐arrays). 36 and 57 transcripts of the rabbit genome which are up‐regulated and down‐regulated by equibiaxial cyclic tensile stretching (5%, 1Hz, 20h) respectively were identified. Some of these genes are known for their implication in inflammation, cell death and matrix degradation. Among them, the relaxin (RLN) gene is the most induced by stretching. RLN is a peptide hormone that belongs to the insulin/relaxin superfamily. It is known for its implication in reproduction and pregnancy. However, the role of RLN in cartilage is still to be studied. The second objective of my PhD thesis is, consequently, to characterize the function of RLN in cartilage. My qRT‐PCR results show, for the first time, that the RLN transcript levels increase upon mechanical and inflammatory (interleukin ‐1treatment) stress in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Moreover, RLN transcript levels decrease during cell dedifferentiation. In a model of gonarthrosis induced in mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus, I showed by immunofluorescence that RLN is mainly present in the superficial layers of the knee cartilage and that its expression decreases in osteoarthritic cartilage as compared to normal cartilage. Furthermore, treatment of rabbit chondrocytes with RLN increases the activity of the metalloproteinase MMP‐9 involved in cartilage degradation. In conclusion, this study shows that RLN is sensitive to mechanical and inflammatory stress and to chondrocyte dedifferentiation. It also suggests that this hormone could modulate cartilage homeostasis. Therefore, RLN is a potential target in osteoarticular pathologies
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Balliet, Pierre. "La relative en alsace bossue (le groupe verbal dependant relatif dans les parlers de l'alsace bossue)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR20021.
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Appartenant a l'aire germanophone, les parlers d'alsace bossue (partie occidentale du departement du bas-rhin) connaisse nt partiellement un systeme flexionnel analogue a celui de l'allemand. Comme dans d'autres langues modernes, les fonctions pour lesquelles la flexion du groupe nominal a ete abandonnee y sont exprimees par des prepositions, postposit ions, preverbes, ou une combinaison de tels indicateurs fonctionnels. Mais la plupart de ces parlers se caracterisent par l'emploi universel d'un subordonnant relatif invariable (l'interrogatif locatif wo), homonymie economique dans un systeme essentiellement oral, mais d'une precision insuffisante pour exprimer toutes les fonctions sans ambiguite. En co mpensation, les relatifs a fonction complexe (relatifs au datif, relatifs prepositionnels) exigent des substituts de l'antecedent supplementaires, de natures diverses (demonstratif, possessif, pronom personnel, pronom adverbial), dont ce rtains sont invariables, d'autres non. Les relatifs trouves dans cette aire sont des combinaisons analytiques de morphemes discontinus, plus ou moins precises selon les informations qu'elles donnent sur l'antecedent et sur leur fonction. L'enquete par traduction realisee dans dix localites permet l'etude morpho-syntaxique et diatopique de ces combinaisons, illustree par 360 cartes geolinguistiques : quels sont les substituts de l'antecedent preconises dans les diverses localites, quels sont les parlers les plus precis, quelles sont les correlations entre les 92 types de relatifs trouves et les 7 criteres definissant les relatives? enfin, quelle est la repartition dans la phrase des informations vehiculees par le relatif? les modeles proposes n'ont pas tous ete traduits par des relatives. L'enquete revele d'autres types d'expansions verbales de l'antecedent qui font l'objet d'une etude morpho-syntaxique et diatopique similaire. Plus generalement, la compensation de l'economie par l'analyticite dans les systemes oraux caracterise aussi des faits lingui stiques autres que relatifs<br>The dialects of alsace bossue (western prt of the bas-rhin district) belong to the german speaking area and are partly inflected like german. As in other modern languages, the functions formerly performed bu the inflexion of the nom inal group have been taken over by prepositions, postpositions, verbal prefixes and combinations of such functional markers. However, most of these dialects are characterized by the universal use of an invariable relative particle (the locative interrogative wo). This homonymy comes as an economy device in a system which is mainly oral, but it is not precise enough to express every function without ambiguity. As an offset to this loss of precision, relative pronouns with complex functions (dative or prepositional) require various additional substitutes for the antecedent (demonstratives, possessives, personal pronouns, adverbial pronouns), some of which are invariable, others not instead of using pronouns these dialects use relative phrases i. E. Analytical cominaisons of discontinuous morphemes, more orless precise according to the information they gibe on the antecedent and on their function. The survey conducted in ten villages by means of translations enables the morpho-syntactic and diatopic study of these combinations with 360 geolinguistic maps. What kinds of substitutes of the antecedent are used in the various villages? which dialects are the most precise? what are the correlations between the 92 types of relative phrases found and the seven distinctive features of relative clauses? how are the informations that compose the relative function distributed over the sentence? the models we proposed have not ail been translated with relative clauses. The antecedent can have other types of verbal expansions tht have been studied from the ame three points of view. On a wider scale, this balance between economical and analytical trends in oral systems is noticeable in other components than relative phrases
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Penza, Marcus. "Quantifying the Relative Abundance of RXFP-1 (Relaxin Receptor) SpliceVariants Isolated from Cardiovascular Tissue of Rattus norvegicus." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1524223540315162.
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Guerreiro, covita João. "Role of relaxin-3/RXFP3 forebrain networks in the descending control of pain in the mouse." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0121.
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La douleur est un processus biologique complexe qui alerte sur les changements potentiellement délétères de l’environnement et s’avère nécessaire à la survie de l’organisme. Toutefois, l’activation continue de ce système de signalisation peut provoquer des changements maladaptifs qui se caractérisent par des altérations anatomiques et fonctionnelles. La douleur est considérée comme chronique lorsque sa durée dépasse 3 mois. Les douleurs chroniques sont accompagnées de problèmes économiques et sociaux qui font de leur traitement une priorité de santé publique.Le cerveau décode les composantes sensori-discriminatives et affectives de la douleur. Il détermine ainsi le type de douleur (pincement, brûlure, etc.), et sa localisation dans l’organisme, et sa valeur aversive, respectivement. Le cerveau transmet ensuite à la périphérie des informations en accord avec les stimuli reçus, et qui tiennent aussi compte des expériences présentes et passées de l’individu.Le signal nociceptif est modulé à toutes les étapes de sa transmission par la mise en jeu de nombreux systèmes neurochimiques, et en particulier par des neuropeptides. La présence de neuropeptides et de leurs récepteurs dans des aires du système nerveux central (SNC) impliquées dans la transmission douloureuse suggère que les systèmes peptidergiques participent au contrôle de la nociception.La relaxine-3 est un neuropeptide principalement synthétisée dans une région du rhombencéphale appelée Nucleus Incertus (NI). Depuis sa découverte, la relaxine-3 a été impliquée, via l’activation de son récepteur RXFP3, dans le contrôle d’une large variété de comportements tels que l’anxiété, l’éveil, la recherche de récompense. Ces rôles de la signalisation relaxine-3/RXFP3 suggèrent que l’activation du récepteur RXFP3 pourrait contribuer à la modulation de la sensibilité douloureuse.Mes travaux visaient initialement à évaluer les effets de l’activation et de l’inhibition du récepteur RXFP3 sur la sensibilité thermique et mécanique dans des conditions normales et en situation de douleurs persistantes. Nos travaux ont démontré que l’administration centrale, par injection intracérébroventriculaire (icv), de l’agoniste peptidique A2 du récepteur RXFP3, provoquaient une diminution de la sensibilité mécanique mais pas thermique. De plus, l’injection icv de l’antagoniste peptidique R3(B1-22)R augmente la sensibilité mécanique et thermique. Ces données suggèrent que la signalisation relaxine-3/RXFP3 exerce un effet tonique inhibiteur sur la sensibilisation mécanique et thermique, et que la mise en jeu du récepteur RXFP3 pourrait avoir des propriétés antalgiques.De plus, j’ai étudié la mise en jeu de différentes aires cérébrales en comparant l’immunoréactivité c-Fos dans différentes régions après injection de l’agoniste A2. Toutefois, ces travaux n’ont pas révélé de différence dans le nombre des cellules marquées ni dans l’intensité du marquage.L’hybridation in situ de différentes aires cérébrales a permis d’identifier les populations exprimant les ARNm de RXFP3. J’ai analysé la coexpression des ARNm de marqueurs spécifiques, parvalbumine et somatostatine, et déterminé l’expression relative des ARNm de RXFP3 parmi ces populations.Enfin, j’ai examiné une possible anxiété comorbide chez des souris en conditions de douleur inflammatoire. De manière surprenante, le comportement anxieux n’était pas modifié chez ces souris suggérant que ce modèle ne développe pas d’anxiété et que l’activation du RXFP3 cible spécifiquement la transmission nociceptive.L’ensemble de mes résultats montre l’implication du système relaxine-3/RXFP3 dans le contrôle de la douleur, offrant de nouvelles possibilités pour le développement d’outils thérapeutiques en ciblant un système peptidergique susceptible d’impacter plusieurs comportements altérés en conditions de douleurs chroniques<br>Pain is a complex biological phenomenon that is beneficial and necessary for our survival, warning of changes and hazards in the environment that compromise optimal function. However, continuous activation of pain signalling systems results in maladaptive changes characterized by altered tissue and organ structure and activity. Pain lasting more than 3 months is termed chronic pain and it is under these conditions that it becomes a major burden for affected individuals. Chronic pain is also accompanied by serious social and economic burdens, making research in this field a high priority globally.The central nervous system (CNS) acts as a major control centre for nociceptive signal transmission, decoding pain for its sensory-discriminative and aversive components, i.e., deciphering the type of pain (pinch, burn, etc.), its location in the body, and its associated hedonic value, respectively. Once the information is decrypted, neural signals from the brain to the periphery act in accordance with the provided stimulus based on past and current experiences.The nociceptive signal is modulated at every step of this process by an abundance of neurochemical signals, including neuropeptides. The presence of neuropeptides and/or their receptors in areas linked to nociceptive processing and transmission suggests putative roles for these systems in the control of nociception.Relaxin-3 is a neuropeptide that is mainly synthesized in a hindbrain region known as the nucleus incertus (NI). Since its discovery, relaxin-3 has been linked to the control of a wide range of behaviours such as anxiety-like behaviours, arousal, and reward-seeking, through activation of the Gi/o-protein-coupled receptor, RXFP3. These putative roles of relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling suggest a possible link between RXFP3 activation and modulation of pain sensitivity.Therefore, my initial studies assessed the effect of RXFP3 activation and inhibition on mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity in normal and persistent pain conditions. These studies demonstrated that central administration of the RXFP3 agonist peptide, RXFP3-A2, via intracerebroventricular (icv) injection, produced relief of mechanical, but not thermal, pain sensation. Moreover, icv injection of the RXFP3 antagonist peptide, R3(B1-22)R, augmented mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity. These data suggest that relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling has a tonic action in maintaining mechanical and thermal pain thresholds, and the potential for activation of RXFP3 to produce pain relief.Additionally, I examined the possible involvement of different brain areas in these effects, by assessing the number of c-Fos-positive cell nuclei under different conditions. However, these studies revealed no difference in the number of c-Fos-positive cell nuclei or staining intensity in the vehicle- and RXFP3 agonist-treated mice.Further characterization of pain circuit-related brain areas using multiplex in situ hybridization revealed that RXFP3 mRNA is expressed within discrete populations of neurons in these areas. I also evaluated possible co-expression of RXFP3 mRNA with somatostatin and parvalbumin mRNA, and determined the relative proportion of RXFP3 mRNA expression in populations of neurons that express these transcripts.Finally, I examined the possible presence of comorbid anxiety in mice subjected to the persistent pain protocol. However, anxiety-like behaviour was not altered in mice with persistent hindpaw pain, suggesting this model does not display produce anxiety, and that effects of RXFP3 modulation observed specifically targeted nociceptive transmission.Overall, my findings implicate the relaxin-3/RXFP3 system in control of pain transmission, providing new opportunities for the development of therapeutic tools for pain management, by targeting a neuropeptide system that impacts several behaviours that are altered in chronic pain conditions
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Edlund, Peter, and Niclas Magnusson. "Less is more? : Sambandet mellan kapitalskatt och likviditet på Stockholmsbörsen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129716.
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Background and problem: The capital gain tax was introduced in Sweden as late as 1991. Previous studies has shown that capital gain tax can explain differences in investors behaviour that can lead to trading changes and a lock-in effect on the stock market, which directly affects the liquidity of stocks. The problematic is that an illiquid stockmarket, among other things, could lead to that capitals stays in already mature companies and hamper IPOs. Purpose: The study ́s purpose is to study the relationship between capital gains tax and liquidity with control of others factors that might explain differences in liquidity on the stock market. Method: The study is conducted with a quantitative method and it ́s based on data collected from 1992-2000 for companies listed on Stockholm Stock Exchange. The method generated 939 observations for each variable and the study yielded a total of 5643 observations with a final loss of 34,6 % of the study ́s sample. We formed a hypothesis to answer the research question and achieve the purpose of the study. Conclusions: The study ́s results do not reject the study hypothesis of a negative relationship between capital gains tax and liquidity, which means that liquidity falls when capital gain tax rate increase in accordance with the existing theory. A negative correlation between capital gain tax and liquidity, might hamper IPOs of new companies, because the capital stays in the already mature companies and investors are discouraged from more productive investments.<br>Bakgrund och problem: Kapitalskatten infördes i Sverige så sent som 1991. Tidigarestudier har visat att kapitalskatt kan förklara skillnader i investerares beteende som kange upphov till tradingförändringar och en inlåsningseffekt på aktiemarknaden vilketdirekt påverkar aktiers likviditet. Med bakgrund av denna problematik skulle en illikvidaktiemarknad bland annat kunna leda till att kapital stannar i redan mogna bolag ochförsvårar börsintroduktioner. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att studera sambandet mellan kapitalskatt och likviditet medkontroll för andra faktorer som kan tänkas förklara skillnader i likviditet påaktiemarknaden. Metod: Studien genomförs med en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod och baseras på datainsamlad från åren 1992-2000 för företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Denna metodgenererade 939 observationer för studiens respektive variabel vilket gav totalt 5643observationer med ett slutgiltigt bortfall på 34,6% av studiens mätpunkter. Vi utformadeen hypotes för att besvara studiens frågeställning och uppnå syftet med studien. Slutsatser: Studiens resultat förkastar inte studiens hypotes om ett negativt sambandmellan kapitalskatt och likviditet, vilket innebär att likviditeten sjunker närkapitalskattesatsen ökar i enlighet med befintlig teori. Eftersom ett negativt sambandföreligger mellan kapitalskatt och likviditet, finns risken att en hög kapitalskattförsvårar börsintroduktion av nya bolag, att kapital stannar i redan mogna bolag samt attinvesterare avskräcks från mer produktiva investeringar.
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Clark, Emily. "Quantifying the Relative Abundance of the Relaxin Receptor in Cardiac Tissue from Pre-Menopausal and Post-Menopausal Rat Models." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1587410878183115.
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Villot, Clothilde. "Recherche d'indicateurs périphériques de l'acidose ruminale subaiguë chez la vache laitière." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC089/document.
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Chez les ruminants, l’Acidose Ruminale SubAiguë (ARSA) est une maladie d’origine nutritionnelle qui fait suite à une perturbation des fermentations microbiennes et à une acidité anormale du compartiment ruminal. L’installation chronique de ce dysfonctionnement digestif peut avoir une incidence néfaste sur l’efficacité de production et la santé des animaux. À l’échelle de l’individu ou du troupeau, elle aura pour conséquences des retombées économiques négatives pour l’éleveur. Un des problèmes majeurs de cette maladie est qu’elle ne se manifeste pas par des signes cliniques spécifiques. A l’heure actuelle, seul le pH ruminal permet d’objectiver la maladie même si aucun indicateur de pH ne fait l’unanimité, notamment du fait des variabilités importantes liées à la technique de mesure du pH d’une part et à la susceptibilité des animaux d’autre part. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a eu pour objectif d’améliorer le diagnostic individuel de l’ARSA chez la vache laitière en développant une approche multiparamétrique applicable sur le terrain. Nous proposons de nouveaux indicateurs issus de cinétiques de pH mesuré de façon non-invasive avec des bolus intra-ruminaux. Ces nouveaux indicateurs relatifs, calculés quotidiennement sur les cinétiques normalisées sur 0 (NpH), sont le temps passé sous NpH <-0,3, l’écart type et l’amplitude. Ils permettent de pallier les fortes sources de variabilité et présentent l’intérêt d’être transposables entre études et sont plus précis pour caractériser l’ARSA. Parallèlement, nous avons développé des modèles multiparamétriques composés de plusieurs paramètres mesurés simultanément dans différents compartiments biologiques (lait, fèces, salive, sang, urine) ou sur l’animal (comportement). Leur capacité de prédiction de l’ARSA a ensuite été évaluée en élevage. Certains modèles incluant des paramètres périphériques au rumen et simples à mesurer sur le terrain présentent une bonne sensibilité (concentration en urée dans le lait, en bicarbonate dans le sang, pH salivaire), et d’autres ont une bonne spécificité (nombre de buvées de l’animal, pH fécal, concentration en urée dans le lait). Néanmoins, aucun modèle ne renferme un couple sensibilité et spécificité satisfaisant. A l’issue de ce travail nous proposons une stratégie diagnostique fondée sur 4 étapes : 1) l’analyse du contexte de diagnostic de l’ARSA, 2) l’évaluation des facteurs de risques, 3) l’évaluation des modèles multiparamétriques et 4) le calcul d’indicateurs NpH ruminaux des individus à risque<br>In ruminants, subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a nutritional disease that induces an abnormal acidity of the rumen compartment as well as disturbance in microbial fermentation. When the disease becomes chronic, it can lead to negative effects on production efficiency and animal health at the individual or the herd scales, with negative economic consequences for the farmer. One of the major problems of SARA is that there are no obvious clinical signs. Presently, the only benchmark to define SARA is rumen pH. However, no pH indicator is unanimous due to the important variability related both to the measurement technique itself and to the animal susceptibility. In this context, this thesis aimed to improve the individual diagnosis of SARA in dairy cows by developing a multiparametric approach that could be used on field. We propose new indicators of pH kinetics measured noninvasively with intra-ruminal boluses. These new relative indicators, calculated daily (kinetic normalised on 0, NpH), consist of the time spent under NpH < - 0.3, the NpH standard deviation and the NpH range. These indicators make it possible to overcome the strong sources of variability and have the advantage of being transposable while being more accurate to characterize SARA. At the same time, we have developed multiparametric models including a number of parameters measured simultaneously in various biological compartments (milk, faeces, saliva, blood, urine) or on animal behaviour. The models ability to predict SARA has been evaluated on field. Some models including rumen peripheral parameters (concentration of urea in milk, of bicarbonate in blood, salivary pH) have a proficient sensitivity while others have a proficient specificity (number of drinking acts, faecal pH, and urea concentration in milk). However, no model developed is both sensitive and specific enough. The diagnostic strategy we propose is based on 4 steps: 1) analysis of the SARA diagnostic context, 2) assessment of risk factors, 3) evaluation of multiparametric models and (4) determination of ruminal NpH indicators for individuals presenting a high risk of SARA
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Holmqvist, Fernando, and Samuel Desport. "Olikheter i en likvärdig uttagning? : En analys av hur NIU-skolor förhåller sig till relativ ålderseffekt vid uttagningsprocessen." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4790.
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Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka fem lärares syn på talangidentifikation, hur de realiserar uttagningsprocessen till NIU samt hur de förhåller sig till relativ ålderseffekt (RAE) i uttagningsprocessen. Frågeställningarna vi ämnar att besvara är: Hur ser lärarna på talangidentifikation? Hur realiseras uttagningsprocessen vid NIU och vilka utmaningar ser lärarna med uttagningsprocessen? Vilken kunskap har, och hur förhåller sig lärarna till RAE vid uttagningsprocessen? Metod
Metoden som använts är kvalitativ och genomförs med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Målet med våra intervjuer att ta reda på hur lärarna upplever uttagningsprocessen samt deras förhållningssätt i arbetet med RAE. Anledningen till den kvalitativa karaktären är att vi har ett område vi vill kartlägga samt samla djupare information om, i detta fall RAE i samband med uttagning till NIU. Urvalet bestod av fem lärare; lärare 1, lärare 2, lärare 3, lärare 4 och lärare 5 som alla hade olika erfarenheter av läraryrket och arbetet med NIU Resultat
Studiens resultat visar att det finns skillnader mellan de lärare som är involverade i individuella idrotter kontra lagidrotter i vad man anser att en talang bör besitta för egenskaper. För de lärare, lärare 3 och 4 som representerade individuella idrotter framgick det att den idrottsspecifika kunskapen vägde tyngst vid identifiering av en talang och att denna identifiering redan kan göras vid en tidig ålder. Lärare 1,2 och 5 som representerade lagidrotter lade en stor vikt vid att en talang måste besitta psykologiska färdigheter för att kunna identifieras som talang. Vidare visar resultatet att uttagningen är en rättsosäker process där uttagningarna ser olika ut beroende på idrott och i vissa fall skola. Gällande svårigheter med uttagningsprocessen och vad de värderade kom likartade svar fram i form av att de var rädda för att välja bort någon som senare skulle utvecklas. Vid frågan om värdering kom ord som drivkraft och målmedvetenhet fram. Samtliga av de intervjuade lärarna nämner inte att de aktivt tar hänsyn till relativ ålderseffekt i uttagningsprocessen. Lärare 2 och 5 är de lärare som lyfter att de tar hänsyn till den fysiska mognaden i uttagningen men inte vilken tid på året de elever som ansöker till NIU är födda på. Slutsats Studiens resultat belyser ett problem som finns i och med den rättsosäkerhet som råder vid uttagningsprocessen till NIU. Studien visar även att lärarna har olika uppfattning om vad talang är och hur talang identifieras. Resultatet visade att RAE är utbrett fenomen men något som inte tas hänsyn till i uttagningsprocessen till NIU.<br>Aim The aim of this study is to examine how five teachers view talentidentification, how they execute the tryout process to elite academy schools and also how they relate to relative age effect(RAE) in the tryout process. The questions being answered in this study are: 1. How do the teachers view talentidentification? 2. How is the tryout process being performed and what difficulties do the teachers experience with the tryout process? 3. What knowledge do the teachers have in regards to RAE and how do they relate to RAE during the tryout process? Method The method being used is qualitative and is executed by performing semi-structured interviews. The purpose of our interviews is to examine how the teachers experience the tryout process and their approach when working with RAE. The reason for the explorative nature is because we have an area to survey and also gather deeper information about, in this case, RAE in relationship to the tryout process to elite academy schools. The selection consisted of five teachers (teacher 1, teacher 2, teacher 3, teacher 4 and teacher 5) that all had different experiences of working as a teacher and with elite academy school. Results The result showed that there are differences among teachers involved in individual sports in relation to teachers working with team sports, in regards to what kind of attributes a talent should possess. For the teachers, teacher 3 and teacher 4, which represented individual sports it appeared that sport specific knowledge was most important when identifying a talent. This identification can be performed at an early age. Teacher 1, 2 and 5 which represented team sports stressed the importance of the psychological skills that a talent must possess, in order to be identified as a talent. The result also showed that the tryouts is an equivocal process where the tryouts is executed differently depending on the sport and in some cases which school. In regards to difficulties with the tryout process and what the teachers valued similar responses were received. All teachers described the fear of eliminating someone who could possibly develop late and they all valued attributes as drive and dedication. All teachers also mention that they do not take RAE in consideration during the tryout process. Teachers 2 and 5 mention taking the physical development into consideration during the tryout process, however not which month a student applying is born. Conclusions This study brings up a problem that is very current due to the equivocality which is present during the tryout process to elite academy schools. The study also showed that the teachers had different opinions in regards to what talent is and how to identify it. The result showed that RAE is a rife phenomenon however it is not being taking into consideration during the tryout process to elite academy schools.
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Judkins, Courtney Peta. "Pharmacological characterisation of relaxin and the relaxin receptor." Monash University, Dept. of Pharmacology, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9497.
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Zekpa, Codjo Laurent. "Relance autonome ou relance harmonisée : (Théorie et Réalité)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D041.
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A l'heure où les Politiques de relance autonome souffrent d'une insuffisance profonde due à la fois à la mutation de l'espace économique et à l'épuisement des potentialités de croissance, nous pensons qu'une relance harmonisée serait une solution efficace face à la crise. Ce travail constitue un essai de généralisation de la "THEORIE GENERALE" à un espace économique fermé plus vaste que la nation. Solidaire d'une économie monétaire, la "THEORIE GENERALE" présente les qualités nécessaires pour permetter d'expliquer la situation de sous-emploi actuel. Une certaine adaptation de cette théorie au cadre économique actuel demeure une nécessité. L'harmonisation de la "THEORIE GENERALE" au nouvel espace économique exige une conciliation effective entre les mécanismes d'ajustement externe et les processus d'expansion cumulative au niveau interne. Bien que nécessaire, cette voie est pleine d'embûches. Sa réalisation est soumise à deux contraites fortes: - l'intégration réelle de l'espace - l'intégration monétaire de l'espace.
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Steinberg, Gary. "Relative Reality." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1016207660.
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Hagarman, Emmalee. "Relative Being." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555415493329624.
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Reinkoester, Jeremiah N. "Relative primeness." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/585.
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In [2], Dan Anderson and Andrea Frazier introduced a generalized theory of factorization. Given a relation τ on the nonzero, nonunit elements of an integral domain D, they defined a τ-factorization of a to be any proper factorization a = λa1 · · · an where λ is in U (D) and ai is τ-related to aj, denoted ai τ aj, for i not equal to j . From here they developed an abstract theory of factorization that generalized factorization in the usual sense. They were able to develop a number of results analogous to results already known for usual factorization.
Our work focuses on the notion of τ-factorization when the relation τ has characteristics similar to those of coprimeness. We seek to characterize such τ-factorizations. For example, let D be an integral domain with nonzero, nonunit elements a, b ∈ D. We say that a and b are comaximal (resp. v-coprime, coprime ) if (a, b) = D (resp., (a, b)v = D, [a, b] = 1). More generally, if ∗ is a star-operation on D, a and b are ∗-coprime if (a, b)∗ = D. We then write a τmax b (resp. a τv b, a τ[ ] b, or a τ∗ b) if a and b are comaximal (resp. v -coprime, coprime, or ∗-coprime).
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Hjelmberg, Evelina, and Filippa Zeisig. "Företagsförvärvs inverkan på förvärvande bolags aktiepris : En studie på den svenska marknaden med hänsyn till konjunkturläge, förvärvsfinansiering och förvärvsstorlek." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120252.
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Bakgrund: Tidigare studier faller väl i linje med den bakomliggande teorin, att det förvärvande företagets avkastning ska sjunka i samband med offentliggörandet av förvärv. Dock har detta samband ifrågasatts av studier genomförda på senare tid som inte kunnat visa på signifikanta samband och i vissa fall även påvisat positiva avkastningar. Utfallet tycks vara beroende av många variabler varpå konjunkturen, finansieringen av förvärvet och förvärvsstorleken varit återkommande i flertalet studier inom ämnet. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att analysera om och hur företagsförvärv påverkar aktiekursen för det förvärvande företaget vid offentliggörandet av förvärv på den svenska marknaden januari 2004 till december 2014, samt hur konjunkturläget, finansieringen och det förvärvade företagets relativa storlek påverkar avkastningen. Genomförande: För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen genomförs empiriska studier. Analysen av förvärvs påverkan på aktiekurs är av typen eventstudie som utgår från historiska tidsserier över prisutvecklingen för det förvärvande bolagets aktie. Studien utgår från en deduktiv ansats. Resultat: Studien visar att tio dagar kring offentliggörandet av ett företagsförvärv sjunker det förvärvande företagets aktiekurs. Dagsvisa abnormala avkastningar uppvisade signifikant negativ avkastning, förutom dagen för offentliggörandet som inte visade på något statistiskt samband. Det positiva sambandet mellan de abnormala avkastningarna och konjunkturläget visar att det i lågkonjunktur uppstår positiv avkastning och att det i högkonjunktur uppstår negativ avkastning. Valet av finansieringsalternativ har signifikant påverkan då aktier används som finansieringsalternativ, vilket ger i en positiv utveckling av aktiekursen. Denna studies resultat visar även att det finns ett positivt samband mellan förvärvets relativa storlek och den kumulativa avkastningen.<br>Background: Previous studies falls well in line with the underlying theory that the acquiring company’s return will fall at the announcement of acquisition. However, this correlation is challenged by recently conducted studies that have not been able to show significant relationships between acquirers return and announcement of acquisition, and some studies have also demonstrated positive returns. The outcome appears to be dependent on many variables on which economic conditions, funding and target size have been recurrent in many studies within the subject. Aim: The study aims is to analyze if and how the announcement of acquisition affects the stock price of the acquiring company on the Swedish market from January 2004 to December 2014, and how the economic cycle, the funding and the acquired company’s relative size affects the said returns. Completion: In order to achieve the aim of the thesis empirical studies are concluded. The analysis of the acquisition’s impact on the share price is of the type of event study based on the historical time series of the price changes of the acquiring company’s stock. Results: This study shows that, during ten days around the announcement of an acquisition, the acquiring company’s stock price falls and produces negative returns. Daily abnormal returns shows significant negative returns, except for the date of announcement which showed no statistical relationship. The positive relationship between the abnormal returns and the economic condition in the country shows that positive returns occur in recession and negative returns occur in times of economic growth. The choice of funding has significant influence on the abnormal return when the acquirer’s shares are used as funding, providing an increase of the share price. The results also show that there is a positive correlation between the relative size of the acquired company and the acquirer’s return.
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Hamida, Nadia. "Les régulateurs en K-théorie algébrique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077210.
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Meadows, Michael. "Extremist viewpoints in opinion dynamics: relative agreement versus relative disagreement." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687065.
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In our lifetime there has been a marked increase in the number of ways in which people can communicate. This greater connectivity presents an added urgency for developing a solid understanding of the spread of deviant attitudes, particularly when they manifest as violent outbursts. How an otherwise moderate and rational populace can devolve to extremity through self-organisation is a question that must be answered if we hope to understand the underlying causes of atrocities that follow from extremism. That is the main question this dissertation hopes to tackle, specifically with a greater degree of realism and much less reliance on artificial manipulation than is currently present in the accepted literature of Opinion Dynamics. One such attempt at answering these questions is the Relative Agreement model, where agents are paired in order to exchange information about their own opinion. In this model, populations exhibit examples of real world convergences provided a number of initial parameters are specified. This thesis seeks to challenge and improve upon the accepted notion of the Relative Agreement model after finding fault with the published literature through the first known attempt at replication of its findings. Once a discussion of the discrepancies has been completed, a thorough analysis of the model is presented along with a number of suggested improvements to increase the capability and usefulness of the model. This examination is then followed by changing the population from a fully connected graph to a tuneable Klemm-Eguiluz social network to examine the model's properties under more realistic constraints. With this addition it was found that when agents are highly clustered, alternative population behaviours are inhibited, contrary to real world data. As a result, it is noted that the Relative Agreement model must be significantly improved upon, if it is to be applied to real world study. Once this analysis has been completed, a new model is presented, building on the Relative Agreement model and taking inspiration from Social Judgement Theory in psychology, creating the Relative Disagreement model. In this model, a disagreement dynamic is added removing the al1ificial need for pre-existing extremist agents and fixed uncertainties. It is then demonstrated that the Relative Disagreement model is able to exhibit all of the original behaviours, even with the most clustered of agent populations. Thus it can be seen that the Relative Disagreement model presented in this thesis represents a significant step forward in the understanding of extremist opinion spread and formation, the former having up until now required specific parameters to be set and the latter phenomenon being largely ignored in the field of Opinion Dynamics.
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Agboola, Shade. "Smoking relapse prevention : abstinence, relapse, current practice and effective interventions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43623/.
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Smoking remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In 2013/2014, 454,700 hospital admissions in the UK amongst persons 35 years and over were estimated to be attributable to smoking. This accounts for 4 per cent of all hospital admissions in this age group. In 2013, 17% (78,200) of all deaths in adults aged 35 and over were estimated to be caused by smoking[1]. Reducing smoking therefore, remains a major priority for governments and health systems like the UK National Health Service (NHS). Following the publication of the Government’s White Paper, Smoking Kills[2] in 1998, a comprehensive tobacco control strategy was implemented. This strategy was aimed at reducing uptake of smoking and increasing quitting among existing smokers, and involved a combination of population tobacco control interventions (such as price rises, an advertising ban and smoke-free legislation) combined with treatment for dependent smokers through the NHS. A Tobacco Control Plan for England was also produced in 2011 which explained the government’s strategy to reduce smoking through the new public health system[3]. This plan outlined commitments to implement legislation to end display of tobacco in shops, to encourage smokers to quit and remaining quit by using effective forms of support and implementing a policy of using tax to maintain the high price of tobacco. Effective forms of support may be behavioural, pharmacological or a combination of both[3]. In the UK, support is often delivered by stop smoking services (SSS), although smokers, who wish to, may obtain smoking cessation medication from their GP[4]. These SSS have been shown to be cost effective, but the majority, 85% of smokers attending the services, have relapsed by one year. The nature of nicotine addiction means that smoking is a chronic relapsing condition[5], with many smokers unable to sustain abstinence. Smoking relapse rates can be extremely high (up to 90% in the first 3 months)[6], and only 3%-5% of unsupported/untreated quitters maintain their quit attempt for 6 months or longer[7]. This high relapse rate reflects the addictive nature of cigarette smoking and underscores the importance of finding effective relapse prevention interventions for use in routine practice, which can be delivered alongside or after acute cessation has ended. There is no universally accepted definition of what interventions to prevent relapse to smoking (relapse prevention interventions - RPIs) should comprise; many smoking cessation programmes simply modify the content of existing, cessation-orientated support and deliver these as relapse prevention[8]. The paucity of information regarding provision of smoking relapse prevention is in contrast to the wide availability of evidence for the use of acute cessation treatments which has grown rapidly over recent decades. A variety of effective treatments now exist which can increase the chances of stopping smoking up to fourfold compared with no support[9], but research suggests that relapse prevention interventions and treatments are not as widely known or even used. At the time the research was conceived, there was very little information about the effectiveness of RPIs. A number of studies had investigated effectiveness of behavioural support, pharmacotherapies, and combination treatments, as forms of relapse prevention or maintenance treatment, and one Cochrane Review[8] found no evidence for the effectiveness of behavioural RPIs, but this may have been because the review combined smoking outcomes obtained at different follow-up time points after quitting and this may have obscured real effects of RPIs. The review found insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of extended treatment with bupropion and weak evidence for the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy for relapse prevention. There was, therefore, a need to examine current literature and synthesize data from a wide variety of studies, using a different approach from that used in the Cochrane Review to enhance interpretation of findings. In addition to ascertaining whether or not RPIs are effective, there was also a need to explore feasibility of provision within local Smoking Cessation Services. No study had explored feasibility of provision of RPIs within Stop Smoking Services, and whether these interventions would be acceptable to smokers trying to quit, mainly because the use of relapse prevention interventions in a local smoking cessation service was not only relatively new and unproven, there was also no information regarding smokers’ perceptions of relapse prevention interventions Abstinence and relapse during a quit process is still poorly understood, especially relapse after the use of a smoking cessation aid. A few studies had investigated patterns of relapse and abstinence in smokers who quit smoking unaided and two reviews[7 10] found that the majority of relapse occurred in the first two weeks of starting a quit attempt. The majority of smokers who wish to quit smoking use some form of evidence based treatment. It was therefore important to explore patterns of relapse in smokers who have attempted to quit smoking with the aid of a smoking cessation treatment. The work presented here is for the degree of PhD by publication and is based upon five publications in high quality peer reviewed journals between 2009 and 2015. I am the lead author on four of the included papers and the final and corresponding author on one paper. The research forms a coherent body of work informing the evidence base on smoking relapse prevention interventions (RPIs). This has contributed to the evidence base around four key aspects of smoking relapse prevention: knowledge, views and beliefs, effectiveness of smoking relapse prevention interventions, feasibility of delivery of RPIs within UK Stop Smoking Services, and abstinence and relapse patterns amongst smokers who quit smoking with the aid of a pharmacological smoking cessation treatment. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, quantitative research and qualitative research were used to generate the data which supported the exploration of the four themes outlined below. Specifically, the published works have identified: • Knowledge, Understanding, Views and Beliefs: there was no shared understanding of what relapse prevention meant to Stop Smoking Service professionals or the kinds of interventions that should be used for this, but a willingness to provide such treatments was apparent. (Agboola SA, Coleman, T and McNeill, A. (2009). Relapse prevention in UK Stop Smoking Services: a qualitative study of health professionals' views and beliefs. BMC Health Services Research. 9:67 and Agboola SA, Coleman TJ, Leonardi-Bee J, McEwen A and McNeill A (2010). Provision of relapse prevention interventions in UK NHS Stop Smoking Services: a survey. BMC Health Services Research 10:214) • Effectiveness of smoking relapse prevention interventions: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline showed that these interventions are effective for relapse prevention. A meta-analysis of four studies of nicotine replacement therapy found that smokers who used NRT for relapse prevention were 1.56 times more likely to remain abstinent at six months follow-up compared to placebo (95% confidence interval 1.16 to 2.11). A pooled analysis of four studies of bupropion showed evidence for effectiveness at long term follow-up (12 to 18 months) with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.01). A single study of varenicline also demonstrated evidence for effectiveness for relapse prevention. (Agboola S, McNeill A, Coleman T and Leonardi-Bee, J (2010). A systematic review of the effectiveness of smoking relapse prevention interventions for abstinent smokers.<br>Addiction 105, 1362–1380) This was the first time that RPIs had been proven effective, and now that there appeared to be evidence of efficacy, it was appropriate to investigate feasibility of introducing these into routine clinical practice (next study). • Feasibility of delivering relapse prevention: A study investigating the feasibility, uptake and acceptability of offering nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a relapse prevention intervention (RPI) within UK Stop Smoking Services, showed that NRT can be added to existing treatment protocols, and that of 260 SSS clients who were eligible and offered this intervention, 44% (95% confidence interval 38% to 50%) accepted the offer. • Abstinence and relapse patterns: A pooled analysis of 19 trials of varenicline showed that varenicline recruits smokers into abstinence following the target quit date to a greater extent than placebo (point prevalence abstinence increased from 32% [95% confidence interval 25% to 40%] in week two to 54% [95% confidence interval 48% to 61%] in week 12). A higher immediate relapse rate following varenicline treatment discontinuation was also observed, which implied that there would be smokers who would benefit from a longer course of treatment.
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Domhof, Sebastian. "Nichtparametrische relative Effekte." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961894601.
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Nazaikinskii, Vladimir, and Boris Sternin. "Relative elliptic theory." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2640/.
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This paper is a survey of relative elliptic theory (i.e. elliptic theory in the category of smooth embeddings), closely related to the Sobolev problem, first studied by Sternin in the 1960s. We consider both analytic aspects to the theory (the structure of the algebra of morphismus, ellipticity, Fredholm property) and topological aspects (index formulas and Riemann-Roch theorems). We also study the algebra of Green operators arising as a subalgebra of the algebra of morphisms.
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Berg, Eirik. "Relative Motion Calculator." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19200.
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AbstractThe wind power business has in recent times changed its focus from land-based installations to offshore installations. This has presented challenges both technological and financial, mainly related to construction and maintenance. To optimize the availability of the offshore wind turbines it is important to have support vessels and boarding systems that can handle as rough sea conditions as possible, and the relative motions between these vessels and the wind turbines become increasingly important to predict, as the offshore wind business expands.For this purpose, a need has been expressed for a simple tool for quick estimation of such motions. In this thesis, a MATLAB program has been developed for this purpose. It takes various input from the user, such as information on the sea state and the physical situation to be considered, as well as limiting criteria. The program provides the user with information on the local vessel motions and the relative motions between a point on the vessel and a fixed point on the wind turbine, and then compares it to the given criteria. It also gives out various plots to illustrate the motions and the relevant transfer functions.The final version of Relative Motion Calculator, RMC 2.3, features the following options:•Two types of wave spectra•Arbitrary placement of the moving coordinate system•Arbitrary placement of the considered points•Long- or short-crested wave theoryRMC 2.3 has undergone thorough testing to prove its validity, and all test results are reasonable and according to expectation. Although the program is a bit difficult to use, it can be used as intended, for calculating relative motions between a moving point on a vessel and a fixed point. Furthermore, the program might provide a good platform for further development.
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Rau, Alexander V. "Relative-position localization." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403983.
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Malkus, Amy J. "Relapse Prevention Manual." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4700.
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Mckemey, Robert. "Relative local cohomology." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/relative-local-cohomology(9eb51c32-c86b-46db-8c80-391ce9390370).html.
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This thesis will examine Relative Local Cohomology. First we extend many well known theorems about Local Cohomology of finitely generated modules with respect to an ideal of a commutative noetherian rings so that they hold for non-finitely generated modules with respect to certain ideals of non-commutative non-noetherian rings. Then we show how similar results hold for Relative Local Cohomology. In particular we provide a relative version of the Local Duality Theorem. We then examine the links between Relative Homological Algebra and the concept of Structure Theorems and give a bound on the Castelnuovo-Mumford Regularity of rings of invariants based on the Cech Complex.
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Searle, Aaron James. "Automatic relative debugging." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16445/1/Aaron_Searle_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Relative Debugging is a paradigm that assists users to locate errors in programs that have been corrected or enhanced. In particular, the contents of key data structures in the development version are compared with the contents of the corresponding data structures, in an existing version, as the two programs execute. If the values of two corresponding data structures differ at points where they should not, an error may exist and the user is notified.
Relative Debugging requires users to identify the corresponding data structures within the two programs, and the locations at which the comparisons should be performed.
To quickly and effectively identify useful data structures and comparison points requires that users have a detailed knowledge of the two programs under consideration. Without a detailed knowledge of the two programs, the task of locating useful data structures and comparison points can quickly become a difficult and time consuming process. Prior to the research detailed in this thesis, the Relative Debugging paradigm did not provide any assistance that allowed users to quickly and effectively identify suitable data structures and program points that will help discover the source of an error.
Our research efforts have been directed at enhancing the Relative Debugging paradigm. The outcome of this research is the discovery of techniques that empower
Relative Debugging users to become more productive and allow the Relative Debugging paradigm to be significantly enhanced. Specifically, the research has resulted in the following three contributions:
1. A Systematic Approach to Relative Debugging.
2. Data Flow Browsing for Relative Debugging.
3. Automatic Relative Debugging.
These contributions have enhanced the Relative Debugging paradigm and allow errors to be localized with little human interaction. Minimizing the user's involvement reduces the cost of debugging programs that have been corrected or enhanced, and has a significant impact on current debugging practices.
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Searle, Aaron James. "Automatic relative debugging." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16445/.
Full textAbstract:
Relative Debugging is a paradigm that assists users to locate errors in programs that have been corrected or enhanced. In particular, the contents of key data structures in the development version are compared with the contents of the corresponding data structures, in an existing version, as the two programs execute. If the values of two corresponding data structures differ at points where they should not, an error may exist and the user is notified. Relative Debugging requires users to identify the corresponding data structures within the two programs, and the locations at which the comparisons should be performed. To quickly and effectively identify useful data structures and comparison points requires that users have a detailed knowledge of the two programs under consideration. Without a detailed knowledge of the two programs, the task of locating useful data structures and comparison points can quickly become a difficult and time consuming process. Prior to the research detailed in this thesis, the Relative Debugging paradigm did not provide any assistance that allowed users to quickly and effectively identify suitable data structures and program points that will help discover the source of an error. Our research efforts have been directed at enhancing the Relative Debugging paradigm. The outcome of this research is the discovery of techniques that empower Relative Debugging users to become more productive and allow the Relative Debugging paradigm to be significantly enhanced. Specifically, the research has resulted in the following three contributions: 1. A Systematic Approach to Relative Debugging. 2. Data Flow Browsing for Relative Debugging. 3. Automatic Relative Debugging. These contributions have enhanced the Relative Debugging paradigm and allow errors to be localized with little human interaction. Minimizing the user's involvement reduces the cost of debugging programs that have been corrected or enhanced, and has a significant impact on current debugging practices.
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Cavallius, Matilda, and Oskar Rehnstedt. "Befuktning : Installationer, processer och hälsofördelar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215298.
Full textAbstract:
Det finns tydliga hälsofördelar med en relativ fuktighet på 40–60% inomhus. Trots detta finns det idag inga direktiv på hur man ska styra den relativa fuktigheten inomhus. Många gånger diskuteras det kring avfuktning men i denna rapport tas befuktning upp ur ett hälsoperspektiv.I denna studie har det undersökts huruvida befuktningssystem skulle kunna användas i större utsträckning till fördel för människors hälsa.I rapporten redogörs för olika befuktningmetoder samt deras termofysiska processer - adiabatisk eller isotermisk. Dessutom undersöks vad som händer med energin i luften och vattenångan vid olika temperaturer samt vad olika relativ fuktighet har för hälsomässiga för- och nackdelar.Resultatet visar på att det finns både etablerade befuktningssystem samt ett behov av befuktning. Däremot är efterfrågan av befuktning inte speciellt stor i bostäder och branschen ställer sig negativ till befuktning i ventilationssystem.<br>There are clear health benefits of having a relative humidity between 40–60% indoors. Despite this, there are currently no directives on what level the relative humidity should be indoors. Today dehumidification is a common matter but this report is about humidification, from a health perspective.In this study, it has been investigated whether humidification could be used to a greater extent, to the benefit of humans’ health.This report describes various humidification methods and their thermophysical processes - adiabatic and isothermal. It is also explained what happens to the energy in the air and water vapor at different temperatures and how the relative humidity affects our health at different levels.The result shows that there is a need for humidification and that there are several technical solutions available today. However, the demand is low and the industry is not very positive to the idea of humidification in ventilation systems.
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Hadrous, Mohammed. "En kritik av Brad Hookers regelkonsekventialism." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154656.
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This paper focuses on Brad Hooker's moral theory which is a version of rule-consequentialism and is developed in Ideal Code, Real World. The paper starts with a reconstruction of the theory. I then go on to criticize Hooker on mainly two points. The first point is on the matter of the "disaster-clause". I present here a modified example from Leonard Kahn: a choice between saving your own city with all members of your family and friends versus another arbitrary city with a few more people living in it. Hooker does not say much about the extent of a person's obligations and priority towards family and friends. So, it is worth asking: does the theory cohere with what we know about our human nature, and would Hooker's theory and a plausible account human nature reach the same conclusion as far as this particular example is concerned? The second point focuses on the issue of the internalization condition. This comes in two varieties: one can recommend internalization of one code by everyone (absolute rule-consequentialism), on the one hand, or internalization of different codes for different groups (relative rule-consequentialism). Which one should be preferred? I will argue for nation-relative rule-consequentialism, and will do so from a consequentialist perspective. I will do this by first arguing that there exist differences in people's conventional morality – something Hooker does not seem to take into consideration to a sufficient degree. I will try to show that if we have differences in conventional morality, then the reasons for preferring national internalization of codes are stronger from a global perspective.
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Karlsson, Rolf Johan Alexander. "”en kamp på liv og død” : -Ett metaperspektiv på läroböcker, och hur de uttrycker historiekultur." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85089.
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This study is based on the fact that different groups have different historical frames of references, that are based on a group's unique historical cultural structure, within which the individual operates. Research shows, among other things, that people who are perceived to have had a positive significance for their own nation are sometimes highlighted for political reasons. Research also shows that students perceive their textbooks as the only historical truth, which contributes to internalization of a certain history culture. The purpose of the study is to compare different textbooks from Sweden and Norway and in the light of the countries' different experiences compare how the Second World War is presented. The method used is comparison of relative tendency based on two main themes. The theory in the study is based on Jörn Rüsen's description of history culture as divided into three dimensions, which has not been done in a similar way before. History culture has rather been a support concept for, for example, gender. The results show that there are aspects that are portrayed unanimously positive, such as Winston Churchill, while Sweden is described to varying degrees as submissive and weak, which is a contrast to Norway, that is described as fighting and steadfast. Finland is described both positively and negatively in the source material. Furthermore, the results show that analysis of textbooks based on the concept of history culture is feasible even if it has certain problems, and that an approach using history culture can be applied to remedy some problems that previous research has described in relation to history culture in schools.<br>Denna studie tar sin utgångspunkt i faktumet att olika grupper har olika historisk referensram, vilket grundar sig i en för gruppen unik historiekulturell struktur, inom vilken individen verkar. Forskning visar bland annat att personer som uppfattas ha haft en positiv betydelse för den egna nationen ibland lyfts fram av politiska orsaker. Forskning visar också att elever uppfattar sina läroböcker som den enda historiska sanningen, vilket leder till att de internaliserar en viss historiekultur. Syftet med studien är att jämföra olika läroböcker från Sverige och Norge och mot bakgrund av ländernas olika erfarenheter jämföra hur andra världskriget framställs. Metoden som använts är komparation av relativ tendens utifrån två huvudsakliga teman. Teorin i studien utgår från Jörn Rüsens beskrivning av historiekultur som delad i tre dimensioner vilket inte gjorts på liknade sätt tidigare, historiekultur har snarare varit stödbegrepp till exempelvis genus. Resultatet visar att det finns företeelser som lyfts från enhälligt positivt som exempelvis Winston Churchill, medan Sverige i olika grad beskrivs som undfallande och svagt vilket är en kontrast mot Norge som beskrivs som kämpande och ståndaktigt. Finland beskrivs både positivt och negativt i källmaterialet. Resultatet visar också på att en analys av läroböcker utifrån en teori om historiekultur är görbar även om den har vissa problem. Det visar också att en historiekulturell ansats kan tillämpas för att råda bot på problem som tidigare forskning beskrivit i förhållande till historiekulturen i skolan.
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Norin, Max. "Uttorkning av högpresterande betonggolv : Råd och rekommendationer vid mätning av RF." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326060.
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A development project was undertaken within the consortia formed by Polygon and AK-konsult. The aim of this project was to map out the impact of humidity leakages on the result of humidity measurements in concrete slabs according to the so-called RBK-method. It is behind the idea of this development project that the main purpose of this thesis can be derived from. For instance, an evaluation of already existing data material from a RBK-measurement has been done. A method has been retrieved in order to compare the trend of the measured values of the relative humidity with the trend of the expected values of the relative humidity during the drying process. The main goal has been to implement this method as an instrument to analyze the actual drying process. A survey study was undertaken among the employees of the consortia in order to point out the differences that arise during the installation of the measurement equipment prior to measurement according to the RBK-method. The result of the survey has been summarized and analyzed in purpose to catch a wider glimpse over the different kinds of variables that might have an impact on the result from a RBK-measurement. The outcome from the study of the existing measurement data shows that some of the measurement spots tends to dry out faster than the calculated drying process, while other spots indicates a slower drying process. Three of them actually pointed out that they were under humidity, which implies that they still hadn’t reached the stadium of moisture equilibrium with the concrete. The main reason behind the observed discrepancies might have its explanation in the fact that measurement wholes that have been subjected to a big humidity leakage. The consequence of measurement spots subjected to big humidity leakages, is that the measured value of the relative humidity turns out to be much lower than the actual level of the relative humidity in the concrete. An observation has been made in the plausibility analysis and in the Vaisalaproject that the normative equilibrium time exceeds the number of three days that’s been ordained by RBK. A further study of the normative equilibrium time can thereby be recommended to clarify if it still can be compatible with the different kinds of concrete classes of today.
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George, Christina. "Revised syntactic attributes for relative cause simplification and relative pronoun correction." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27245.
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Using previous work for resolving relative clause attachment ambiguities as a starting point, we expanded an existing framework consisting mainly of semantic features to include new syntactic features. We used these new syntactic attributes on their own, as well as with the existing ones in two separate applications. First, we examined sentences containing restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses and classified them according to whether the relative clauses could be removed to simplify the sentences. In the second application, we corrected the selection of relative pronouns in French to English machine translations. To test our revised syntactic attributes, we devised a two-stage system. In the first stage, we used binary classification to perform an initial screening of sentences, followed by a more detailed classification in the second stage. We then evaluated the performance of each stage as well as the system as a whole. In each application, we made specific adjustments and succeeded in demonstrating that the combination of syntactic and semantic attributes was more effective in these classification tasks than relying on one type of attribute exclusively.
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Schweizer, Stephan. "Die Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration als prognostischer Marker bei Hündinnen mit Mammatumoren." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-38094.
Full textAbstract:
In der vorliegenden prospektiven Studie wurde der postoperative Krankheitsverlauf von 93 Hündinnen mit Mammatumoren untersucht. Ziel der Studie war es, eine präoperative Einschätzung der Dignität der Tumoren und der Prognose für die Hündin anhand der Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration zu gewinnen. In einer humanmedizinischen Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass an Brustkrebs erkrankte Frauen mit einer hohen Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration häufiger an einem malignen Tumor erkrankt sind, der Tumor häufiger bereits metastasiert hatte und die Frauen früher starben.
Der Kastrationsstatus (p = 0,132), eine hormonelle Läufigkeitsunterdrückung (p = 0,960), vorausgegangene Graviditäten (p = 0,780) und das Auftreten von Pseudograviditäten (p = 0,138) bei den an Mammatumoren erkrankten Hündinnen hatten keinen Einfluss auf die präoperativ bestimmte Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration.
An Mammatumoren erkrankte Hündinnen und gesunde Kontrolltiere hatten keine unterschiedlichen Relaxin-Plasmakonzentrationen (p = 0,813). Die Relaxin-Plasma-konzentrationen von Hündinnen mit einer Herzerkrankung aus der Patientengruppe waren identisch mit denen der herzgesunden Hündinnen aus der Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,328).
Innerhalb der Patientengruppe war es hinsichtlich der gemessenen Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration unerheblich, ob die Hündinnen einerseits an einem solitären oder an multiplen Mammatumoren erkrankt waren (p = 0,470), oder ob andererseits bei ihnen einseitig oder beidseitig Mammatumoren feststellbar waren (p = 0,371).
Weder die Tumorgröße (p = 0,518) noch eine Ulzeration (p = 0,746) wirkten sich auf die Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration aus. Das Vorliegen von Nahmetastasen (p = 0,131) oder eines malignen Mammatumors (p = 0,240) führte zu keiner erhöhten Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration. Entsprechend war auch das Stadium der Erkrankung ohne Einfluss auf das gemessene Relaxin (p = 0,829).
Im Rahmen der Verlaufsuntersuchung gab es keinen Unterschied zwischen den präoperativ und den sechs Monate postoperativ bestimmten Relaxin-Plasmakonzentrationen (p = 0,983). Weder eine Rezidivierung des Mammatumors (p = 0,084) noch eine Metastasierung des Tumors in die Lunge sechs Monate postoperativ (p = 0,200) waren anhand der präoperativ bestimmten Relaxin-Plasmakonzentrationen vorhersehbar. Auch lieferte Relaxin keinen Hinweis auf einen Tod infolge der Mammatumoren (p = 0,205).
In dieser Arbeit konnte nach Auswertung der vorliegenden Daten kein Hinweis auf die Verwendbarkeit der Relaxin-Plasmakonzentration als prognostischer Marker für an Mammatumoren erkrankte Hündinnen gefunden werden.
Es konnte, wie in vorherigen Studien, bestätigt werden, dass Hündinnen mit Tumoren kleiner 3 cm (p = 0,001) und Hündinnen im Stadium I der Erkrankung (p = 0,009, p = 0,022) eine signifikant niedrigere Wahrscheinlichkeit haben innerhalb des ersten Jahres postoperativ an den Folgen des Mammatumors zu versterben als Hündinnen mit größeren Tumoren oder in einem höheren Stadium der Erkrankung. Hündinnen, die an einem ulzerierenden Mammatumor erkrankt waren (p = 0,002) oder bei denen histopathologisch nachweisbare Metastasen in den regionären Lymphknoten vorlagen (p = 0,001), hatten eine signifikant niedrigere Wahrscheinlichkeit das erste postoperative Jahr zu überleben. Die Tiere, bei denen sechs Monate postoperativ Metastasen in der Lunge festgestellt werden konnten (p = 0,001) oder bei denen es zu einer Rezidivierung des Mammatumors kam (p = 0,001), hatten eine sehr hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit innerhalb des ersten postoperativen Jahres zu versterben.
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Huijer, Abu-Saad H. "Verplegingswetenschap en de verpleegkundige praktijk een onderlinge relatie /." [S.L. : Maastricht : s.n.] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12951.
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Goslin, Jérôme. "Reconstitution de l'évolution du niveau marin relatif holocène dans le Finistère (Bretagne, France) : dynamiques régionales, réponses locales." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0039/document.
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Depuis la fin de la dernière période glaciaire, chaque région du globe a connu une évolution du niveau marin relatif - ou niveau marin « ressenti » - qui lui est propre, principalement conditionnée par la conjonction de la remontée globale « eustatique » du niveau marin et des dynamiques isostatiques, responsables des mouvements verticaux de la surface terrestre. Ces derniers, encore en cours aujourd’hui, jouent un rôle majeur dans l’augmentation actuelle du niveau marin. Malgré d’importants travaux menés au Royaume-Uni au cours des dernières décennies, la connaissance de l’évolution du niveau marin relatif holocène et des dynamiques isostatiques sur la façade Atlantique ouest-européenne demeure largement imparfaite, notamment en ce qui concerne les côtes françaises. De par sa position géographique, le Finistère se pose comme un jalon idéal afin de renforcer les connaissances dans ce domaine. A ce titre, cette thèse a eu pour principaux objectifs d’obtenir une courbe fiable de remontée du niveau marin relatif holocène pour le Finistère et d’évaluer l’apport de nouvelles connaissances à ce sujet pour la compréhension des dynamiques isostatiques régionales. Dans un premier temps, un important travail de terrain a été réalisé sur différents sites répartis tout autour de la péninsule Finistérienne. Une nouvelle méthode multi-proxies, développée à partir de l’utilisation novatrice d’indicateurs géochimiques et microstratigraphiques, a permis de reconstituer l’évolution du niveau marin au cours des 8000 dernières années à partir des séquences sédimentaires prélevées. Nos résultats démontrent que le Finistère a connu une remontée continue du niveau marin relatif à des rythmes décroissants durant l’Holocène. Cette évolution a provoqué de profonds bouleversements dans l’organisation et le fonctionnement des systèmes sédimentaires côtiers dont les implications sont discutées. En particulier, de nouvelles hypothèses sont proposées quant à l’origine de la baisse pluri-métrique du niveau marin jusqu’alors invoquée autour de 3000 B.P. Dans un second temps, nos résultats ont été confrontés aux reconstitutions du niveau marin obtenues dans le sud-ouest de l’Angleterre ou dans le sud du golfe de Gascogne, ainsi qu’aux résultats produits par des modèles géophysiques de réajustement isostatique. Ces comparaisons ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives quant à la compréhension de l’amplitude et de la chronologie des dynamiques isostatiques holocène à l’échelle du nord-ouest de l’Europe<br>Since the Last Glacial Maximum, the different regions of the world underwent specific relative sea-level evolutions, principally under the joint influences of the worldwide “eustatic” sea-level rise and regional isostatic dynamics. The latter, still going on today, appear to play a major role in the contemporaneous sea-level rise. Despite of the several studies made on the subject in the UK within the last decades, only little knowledge appears available on the relative sea-level evolution and on the isostatic dynamics at the scale of the Western Europe Atlantic façade, and particularly on the French Atlantic coasts. Due to its geographical position, the Finistère region stands out as a potentially ideal region for providing new material on the subject.This PhD work aimed to produce a new and reliable Holocene relative sea-level curve for the Finistère region. At first, sedimentary sequences were retrieved from several sites located all around the Finistère peninsula. In order to reconstruct RSL from these sequences, an innovative multi-proxy method was developed, conjointly using geochemical and microstratigraphic indicators. Our results bear out that, in the Finistère region, the Holocene RSL followed a continuous rise at progressively decreasing rates during the last 8000 yrs B.P. This evolution led to massive disruptions in the organization and functioning of the coastal sedimentary systems which are discussed. In particular, new hypotheses are proposed to explain the pluri-metric drop in RSL that was formerly invoked ca. 3000 B.P. The results we obtained were then compared to the RSL data available in the south-western UK or the south of the Bay of Biscay, along with glacio-isostatic adjustment geophysical models. These comparisons provide new enlightments on both the amplitude and the chronology of isostatic dynamics at the scale of the north-western Europe during the Holocene
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Rapaport, Joan. "A relative affair : the Nearest Relative under the Mental Health Act 1983." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249787.
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Christensen, Daniel Porter. "Terrain-Relative and Beacon-Relative Navigation for Lunar Powered Descent and Landing." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/253.
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As NASA prepares to return humans to the moon and establish a long-term presence on the surface, technologies must be developed to access previously unvisited terrain regardless of the condition. Among these technologies is a guidance, navigation and control (GNC) system capable of safely and precisely delivering a spacecraft, whether manned or robotic, to a predetermined landing area. This thesis presents detailed research of both terrain-relative navigation using a terrain-scanning instrument and beacon-relative radiometric navigation using beacons in lunar orbit or on the surface of the moon. The models for these sensors are developed along with a baseline sensor suite that includes an altimeter, IMU, velocimeter, and star camera. Linear covariance analysis is used to rapidly perform the trade studies relevant to this problem and to provide the navigation performance data necessary to determine which navigation method is best suited to support a 100 m 3-σ navigation requirement for landing anytime and anywhere on the moon.
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Buske, Elias. "Fuktegenskaper hos Quartzene impregnerat med salter." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12541.
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Svenska Aerogel AB has developed the material Quartzene® which is of the typeprecipitated silica and contains calcium - magnesium silicate ((Ca, Mg) SiO3). Thematerial is used for molecular filtration of contaminated air. Qartzene™, which is inpellet form, is porous and has a high internal surface which is a requirement for themolecular filtration. With the use of various impregnations, filtration can affect thedesired outcome. As an example Quartzene® can be impregnated with Potassiumhydroxide and clear the air of Sulfur dioxide, SO2 (Svenska Aerogel AB, n.d).Svenska Aerogel AB has developed Quartzene® further and new areas of application hasarosee, one of these areas is how the material function within dehumidification. Thepurpose of this study is to research and analyze how different impregnation salts effecthow Quartzene® function in terms of moisture absorption and moisture desorption.Quartzene® is a hygroscopic material, which is a material that easily absorbs and exudatesmoisture from the air. Materials with high porosity absorb moisture by adsorption andcapillary condensation. A hygroscopic material strives for equilibrium with ambientenvironment which is illustrated in a sorption curve where moisture absorption is set inrelation to relative humidity. In this study the jar method is used to measure moistureabsorption, this is shown with the use of sorption curves. The jar method uses saturatesalt solutions to create environments whit a set relative humidity. Quartzene® – pellets areplaced in jars and weighed at regular intervals to determine the moisture absorption.The results of this study indicate that impregnations affect the way that Quartzene®function in terms of moisture absorption and moisture desorption. Some of theimpregnations affect the material to absorb more moisture than Quartzene® that has notbeen impregnated, while others affect the material to absorb less moisture. The resultsalso show that sodium – based impregnation gives similar results as Quartzene® that hasnot been impregnated.
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Geser, Alfons [Verfasser]. "Relative termination / Alfons Geser." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102529386X/34.
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Studd, James Peter. "Absolute and relative generality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9bb22c54-e921-420f-acdc-aee0828bdea8.
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This thesis is concerned with the debate between absolutists and relativists about generality. Absolutists about quantification contend that we can quantify over absolutely everything; relativists deny this. The introduction motivates and elucidates the dispute. More familiar, restrictionist versions of relativism, according to which the range of quantifiers is always subject to restriction, are distinguished from the view defended in this thesis, an expansionist version of relativism, according to which the range of quantifiers is always open to expansion. The remainder of the thesis is split into three parts. Part I focuses on generality. Chapter 2 is concerned with the semantics of quantifiers. Unlike the restrictionist, the expansionist need not disagree with the absolutist about the semantics of quantifier domain restriction. It is argued that the threat of a certain form of semantic pessimism, used as an objection against restrictionism, also arises, in some cases, for absolutism, but is avoided by expansionism. Chapter 3 is primarily engaged in a defensive project, responding to a number of objections in the literature: the objection that the relativist is unable to coherently state her view, the objection that absolute generality is needed in logic and philosophy, and the objection that relativism is unable to accommodate ‘kind generalisations’. To meet these objections, suitable schematic and modal resources are introduced and relativism is given a precise formulation. Part II concerns issues in the philosophy of mathematics pertinent to the absolutism/relativism debate. Chapter 4 draws on the modal and schematic resources introduced in the previous chapter to regiment and generalise the key argument for relativism based on the set-theoretic paradoxes. Chapter 5 argues that relativism permits a natural motivation for Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. A new, bi-modal axiomatisation of the iterative conception of set is presented. It is argued that such a theory improves on both its non-modal and modal rivals. Part III aims to meet a thus far unfulfilled explanatory burden facing expansionist relativism. The final chapter draws on principles from metasemantics to offer a positive account of how universes of discourse may be expanded, and assesses the prospects for a novel argument for relativism on this basis.
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Edwards, Darren J. "Spontaneous and relative categorisation." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43199.
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Caravati, Paula Ciavarella. "Obesity Relapse in Women." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26817.
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Obesity and relapse after dieting pose a significant threat to an increasing number of adults in this country. Resistance to treatment and high relapse rates make this problem frustrating for patients and practitioners. There is limited research on relapse causation; research on social and life circumstance factors is uncommon. Given the limitations of existing research, the purpose of this study was to investigate the natural course of obesity relapse. A purposive sample of eight obese women, ages 31-57, was selected. All of the women relapsed at least one or more times throughout their lives. A qualitative study design was used to examine and integrate their attributions for relapse.
The qualitative paradigm was selected because it allowed for an inclusive study of relapse without confining the investigation to a predetermined set of responses. Information was gathered on contributory factors: physical, social and psychological, but not limited to these areas. These factors were reported in a case study format. Verbatim quotes were used to provide descriptive information and insight into individual cases. Cases were analyzed for main attributions; key words and phrases were used to develop categories. Common themes were derived from these categories and examined across the cases.
Conventional wisdom about the factors, which contribute to obesity relapse, was challenged by this research study. Excess calories and decreased physical activity were not the only conditions that were contributory to the respondentsâ relapses. Diverse social and psychological issues often combined with physical factors to dominate the respondentsâ attributions. The relapse attribution themes commonly represented in the case studies included: the impact of food restriction, the impact of having personal choice taken away, negative emotions, physiological factors, lifestyle demands and the return to familiar food habits.
Based on this study, it is recommended that obesity practitioners consider assessment and treatment modalities that are holistic. A paradigm shift away from traditional approaches may be a necessary step in providing more effective treatment. Additional research, which focuses on life circumstances and obesity relapse, is needed.<br>Ph. D.
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Ranoelison, Ralainarisoa. "LaConstruction relative en malgache." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20053.
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La construction relative en malgache se réalise par trois structures : 1)La marque du défini ny ou le dem en simple ou en double occurence suivi d'un prédicat qui peut être une forme verbale, un adjectif ou un nom. 2) nom+pred : le simple accolement à un nom du prédicat qui lui sert d'expansion. 3)La séquence nom+dem+pred-expansion. Toutes les fonctions peuvent être relativées : sujet, objet et les cc. La première structure est une relative substantivale, dans ce cas le syntagme ny (dem)+pred est orienté vers l'individu qui fait ou qui subit l'action. Les deux dernières structures se font par procédure d'enchâssement d'une expansion à l'intérieur d'une phrase matrice. La troisième structure diffère de la deuxième par le fait que le pred-expansion est introduit par des dem en simple ou en double occurence. . .<br>Relative construction in Malagasy is carried out by three structures : 1)The definite article or the demonstrative pronoun in simple or double occurence followed by a predicate which may be a verbal form, an adjectif or a noun. 2)Noun+pred : the simple joining with a noun from the predicate which serves an expansion of it. 3)The sequences noun+dem+pred-expansion. All the functions can be relativized : subject, object, locative, temporale, etc. Complements (ou adverbial phrases (of time, plec, etc. ). The first structure is a substantival relative. The two last structures are done by embedding a pred-expansion is introduced by the demonstratives in simple or in double occurence grammaticalized in relative pronouns. .
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Geisler, Christer. "Relative infinitives in English /." Uppsala : Uppsala university, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357619723.
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Haig, Geoffrey. "Relative constructions in Turkish /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37048004g.
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Scotch, Allison. "EFFECTS OF BODY MASS INDEX ON RELAPSE RISK IN PEDIATRIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA PATIENTS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/539825.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.<br>Background. Rates of childhood obesity in the United States have risen dramatically in recent decades, with more than 31% of children currently classified as overweight or obese. This raises concerns about the effects of weight on outcomes for pediatric illness, including cancer. There is some evidence of poorer outcomes for pediatric leukemia patients who are overweight or obese, and studies in adults have suggested negative impacts of obesity in numerous cancer types. To date, there are no studies investigating outcomes in overweight and obese children with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Our hypothesis was that higher body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis is associated with increased risk for HL relapse.
Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 101 pediatric HL patients treated between 1980 and 2010 at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, a large pediatric oncology referral center in the Southwestern United States. Data was abstracted from electronic and paper medical charts as well as survival clinic follow‐up records. We performed logistic regression and conducted a survival analysis to test whether body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was associated with time to disease relapse. For this pilot study, we conducted a primary analysis as well as several exploratory secondary analyses with the goal of generating hypotheses to be tested in future large studies of this population.
Results. In the primary analysis comparing underweight and normal children to overweight and obese children, none of the patient characteristics – sex, race, age, clinical risk level, or radiation status – were significantly associated with BMI group. In the univariate analysis of HL relapse, children in the overweight/obese group had an increased unadjusted odds ratio of 1.58 (95% CI: 0.50‐5.28), but this was not statistically significant. Exploratory analyses categorizing BMI groups in various ways also suggested an association between increased BMI and risk for HL relapse, though this failed to reach statistical significance. No potential confounders were associated with HL relapse except radiation status (p=0.004), although we were unable to calculate an odds ratio due to a lack of patients in some subgroups. In the survival analysis, radiation was the only variable significantly associated with time to HL relapse. Kaplan‐Meier curves of relapse‐free survival time did not show a significant difference between BMI groups in the primary analysis, but secondary analyses suggested a nonsignificant trend toward decreased long‐term disease‐free survival in patients with higher BMI.
Discussion. The relatively small sample size for this pilot study precluded demonstration of statistically significant differences in HL relapse risk or time to relapse between BMI groups. However, exploratory analyses suggested a trend toward increased risk for relapse and shorter disease‐free survival in patients with higher BMI, and these results merit further investigation in larger studies. Multi‐center collaborative studies will be required to attain sufficient sample sizes to accurately assess clinical prognosis in this patient population. Improving our understanding of how BMI affects pediatric cancer outcomes is an important step toward identifying patients at increased risk and determining how best to individualize treatment and monitoring plans for overweight and obese children.
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Dormaar, Jacobus Marius Maarten. "Consensus in psychotherapy." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5561.
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Ong, Lucille Mei Lin. "Communication between doctors and cancer patients taping the initial consultation /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/81188.
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Bosworth, Scott B. "Cerulean warbler relative abundance and frequency of occurrence relative to large-scale edge." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3116.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 53 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-35).