Dissertations / Theses: 'Relation causale'

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Chota, Samson. "Étude de la relation causale entre les oscillations cérébrales et la perception en utilisant des techniques non invasives de stimulation cérébrale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30110.

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Dans cette thèse, j'étudie le rôle causal des oscillations neurales dans les mécanismes d'échantillonnage temporel. Les manuscrits originaux des chapitres II et III sont consacrés à l'échantillonnage perceptuel dans la bande alpha. L'hypothèse est que cette forme d'échantillonnage a des effets sur la perception du temps dans notre système visuel. Nous l'avons testé en manipulant des oscillations alpha avec une stimulation rythmique tout en observant des changements dans la perception du temps relatif des stimuli visuels. Outre les oscillations comportementales, il existe également des signatures neurales qui font allusion à la périodicité intrinsèque avec laquelle les cortex sensoriels collectent les informations. La nature oscillatoire des échos perceptifs implique fortement que le système visuel réverbère sélectivement la composante 10 Hz de son entrée. Si nous pouvions étendre ces échos perceptuels à d'autres modalités, nous aurions la preuve que ces modalités collectent également des informations de façon périodique et qu'elles utilisent des mécanismes similaires pour ce faire. Dans les manuscrits originaux du chapitre IV, j'ai cherché à savoir si nous pouvons trouver des échos perceptuels dans le domaine tactile. Les mécanismes d'échantillonnage périodique du cerveau semblent pouvoir être dissociés en un mécanisme d'échantillonnage perceptif de bas niveau et un mécanisme d'échantillonnage attentionnel de haut niveau. L'échantillonnage attentionnel est supposé être plus flexible et dépendant de la tâche et il a récemment été démontré qu'il est causé par l'activité rythmique thêta chez les macaques. La confirmation de ces résultats chez l'homme nous aiderait à identifier le mécanisme oscillatoire responsable des fluctuations de l'attention. Le manuscrit original du chapitre V présente une étude dans laquelle nous reproduisons les résultats comportementaux de l'étude sur les macaques chez les humains. L'endroit du champ visuel à partir duquel les mécanismes d'échantillonnage de l'attention peuvent recueillir des informations dépend entièrement de la position de nos yeux. Les saccades et les fluctuations de l'attention doivent donc être hautement coordonnées. Une façon de synchroniser ces deux systèmes est l'activité oscillatoire. Il a été proposé que les saccades et les fortes transitions visuelles remettent à zéro la phase des oscillations thêta, ce qui permet de traiter les stimuli pertinents en temps voulu. Si ce mécanisme repose effectivement sur une activité rythmique, nous devrions pouvoir la perturber et observer les erreurs correspondantes dans l'échantillonnage attentionnel.[...]
It should have become clear now that oscillatory activity has profound effects on multiple aspects of our perception and is strongly involved in the way we sample our visual environment. Many of these relationships however are poorly understood, specifically in their causal-directional nature. In this thesis, I investigate the causal role of neural oscillations in temporal sampling mechanisms. The original manuscripts in chapter II and III are dedicated to perceptual sampling in the alpha band. It is hypothesized that this form of sampling has effects on time perception in our visual system. We tested this by manipulating alpha oscillations with rhythmic stimulation while observing changes in perceived relative timing of visual stimuli. Besides behavioral oscillations there are also neural signatures that hint at the intrinsic periodicity with which sensory cortices collect information. The oscillatory nature of perceptual echoes strongly implies that the visual system selectively reverbrates the 10 Hz component of its input. If we could extend these perceptual echoes to other modalities we would have evidence that 1. these other modalities also process information periodically and 2. that they utilize similar neural mechanisms for this purpose. In the original manuscripts in chapter IV I investigated if we can find perceptual echoes in the tactile domain. The periodic sampling mechanisms of the brain seem to be dissociable into a more low-level perceptual and a more high-level attentional sampling mechanism. Attentional sampling is assumed to be more flexible, task dependent and has recently been hypothesized to be caused by theta rhythmic activity in macaques. Providing support for these findings in humans would help us to identify the oscillatory mechanism that is responsible for behavioral attentional fluctuations found in many studies. The original manuscript in chapter V presents a study in which we replicate behavioral findings of the macaque-study in humans. Which location in the visual field attentional sampling mechanisms can collect information from depends entirely on the position of our eyes. Saccades and attentional sampling need therefore be highly coordinated. One way to synchronize these two systems is through oscillatory activity. It has been proposed that saccades, and surprisingly also strong visual transients, can reset the phase of theta oscillations which in turn allow for well timed processing of relevant stimuli. If this mechanism indeed relies on rhythmic activity then we should be able to disrupt it and observe corresponding errors in attentional sampling. The original manuscript in chapter VI investigates which effects strong visual disruptions have on the perceived relative timing of two stimuli. During my doctorate I sought to answer the following research questions: 1. Is the occipital alpha rhythm causally involved in discretely sampling visual information? (chapter II and III) 2. Is there a link between oscillatory activity and rhythmic sampling in the somatosensory system? (chapter IV) 3. Can we manipulate theta rhythmic activity to modulate attentional sampling? (chapter V and VI)

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Plante, Céline. "Relation entre le Modèle de croyances relatives à la santé, le Sentiment d'efficacité personnelle, l'Attribution causale de la maladie et l'observance aux auto-soins diabétiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ56959.pdf.

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Plante, Céline. "Relation entre le modèle de croyances relatives à la santé, le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle, l'attribution causale de la maladie et l'observance aux auto-soins diabétiques." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.

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Tarnovanu, Horia. "Causation and responsibility : four aspects of their relation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7060.

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The concept of causation is essential to ascribing moral and legal responsibility since the only way an agent can make a difference in the world is through her acts causing things to happen. Yet the extent and manner in which the complex features of causation bear on responsibility ascriptions remain unclear. I present an analysis of four aspects of causation which yields new insights into different properties of responsibility and offers increased plausibility to certain moral views. Chapter I examines the realist assumption that causation is an objective and mind-independent relation between space-time located relata – a postulate meant to provide moral assessment with a naturalistic basis and make moral properties continuous with a scientific view of the world. I argue that such a realist stance is problematic, and by extension so are the views seeking to tie responsibility attributions to an objective relation. Chapter II combines the context sensitivity of causal claims with the plausible idea that responsibility ascriptions rest on the assessment of causal sequences relating agents and consequences. I argue that taking context sensitivity seriously compels us to face a choice between moral contrastivism and a mild version of scepticism, viz. responsibility is not impossible, but ultimately difficult to identify with confidence. I show why the latter view is preferable. Chapter III explores the concern that group agents would causally (and morally) overdetermine the effects already caused by their constituent individuals. I argue that non-reductive views of agency and responsibility lack a coherent causal story about how group agents impact the world as relatively independent entities. I explain the practical importance of higher-order entities and suggest a fictionalist stance towards group agency talk. Chapter IV analyses the puzzle of effect selection – if causes have infinitely many effects, but only one or a few are mentioned in causal claims, what determines their selection from the complete set of consequents? I argue that the criteria governing the difference between effects and by-products lack clarity and stability. I use the concerns about appropriate effect selection to formulate an epistemic argument against consequentialism.

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Wechs, Julian. "Relations causales multipartites en théorie quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY008.

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Ces dernières années, une grande attention a été portée à l'étude des relations causales en théorie quantique. Plus particulièrement, il a été montré qu'il est possible de concevoir des scénarios dans lesquelles des parties réalisent des opérations qui sont compatibles avec la théorie quantique, mais qui ne peuvent pas être intégrées dans une structure causale globale. De tels ordres causaux indéfinis sont intéressants d'un point de vue fondamental, mais aussi sous l'angle de l'informatique quantique, étant donné qu'ils sortent du paradigme habituel des circuits quantiques, dans lequel on présuppose un ordre causal bien défini. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier des relations causales indéfinies dans des scénarios comportant plus de deux parties. Comparées au cas bipartite, les situations multipartites font apparaître des aspects et problèmes nouveaux qui nécessitent d’être clarifiés afin de comprendre fondamentalement les structures causales quantiques indéfinies, et de mettre en évidence leurs implications et leur utilité potentielle pour l’informatique quantique.Une approche particulière pour étudier des relations causales quantiques est le formalisme des matrices de processus. Dans ce formalisme, le concept de la non-séparabilité causale a été introduit afin de qualifier des scénarios qui ne sont pas compatibles avec un ordre causal. Dans le chapitre 2, nous étudions comment généraliser ce concept au cas multipartite, comment caractériser des processus multipartites causalement (non)-séparables, et comment certifier la non-séparabilité causale multipartite. Un autre sujet important est de déterminer quels scénarios quantiques avec un ordre causal indéfini sont physiquement réalisables, et comment ils peuvent être réalisés concrètement. Dans le chapitre 3, nous introduisons deux nouvelles classes de processus quantiques multipartites qui sont réalisables en pratique et nous caractérisons les matrices de processus correspondantes. En particulier, nous définissons la classe des circuits quantiques avec un ordre causal contrôlé de manière quantique. L'exemple le plus simple d'un tel circuit est le quantum switch : un protocole dans lequel l'ordre entre deux opérations est contrôlé par un qubit dans un état de superposition, et qui définit un processus causalement non-séparable. La classe que nous introduisons contient des exemples plus généraux de processus causalement non-séparables avec de nouvelles propriétés. Nous montrons ensuite comment la caractérisation des processus de cette classe nous permet d'étudier de nouvelles applications de la non-séparabilité causale. Dans le chapitre 4, nous étudions un effet particulier de communication quantique dans un scénario avec un contrôle cohérent entre deux canaux quantiques. Ceci nous conduit à une analyse plus générale de la notion de canal quantique contrôlé de façon cohérente, qui implique certaines subtilités. Dans le chapitre 5, nous abordons un autre problème inhérent aux scénarios multipartites, qui est de savoir si un phénomène donné est véritablement multipartite (<< genuinely multipartite >>) ou non. Plus particulièrement, nous étudions des corrélations (non)-causales << véritablement multipartites >>. Dans le chapitre 6, nous mettons en évidence que des valeurs faibles anormales sont possibles sans post-sélection. Enfin, dans le chapitre 7, nous montrons qu'une certaine classe de matrices de processus tripartites, à savoir celles qui sont unitairement extensibles, ont une réalisation sur des sous-systèmes dits temporellement délocalisés, c'est-à-dire des sous-systèmes quantiques qui ne sont pas associés à un temps bien défini. Cette classe est plus grande que la classe des circuits quantiques avec un ordre causal contrôlé de manière quantique. Un point intéressant est qu'elle contient des processus qui violent des inégalités causales
In recent years, the investigation of causal relations in quantum theory has attracted a lot of interest. In particular, it has been found that it is possible to conceive of scenarios where some parties perform operations that are compatible with quantum theory locally, but that cannot be embedded into a global background causal structure. Such indefinite causal structures are of interest from a fundamental point of view, but also from the perspective of quantum information processing, since they do not fit into the usual paradigm of quantum circuits, which assumes a definite causal order. The main aim of this thesis is to study indefinite quantum causal relations involving more than two parties. Compared to the bipartite case, there are many new aspects and complications that arise in multipartite situations, which need to be clarified in order to fundamentally understand quantum causal structures, and to shed light on their implications and potential usefulness for quantum information processing.A suitable mathematical framework for the investigation of quantum causal relations is the process matrix formalism. In this framework, the notion of causal nonseparability was introduced in order to qualify scenarios that are incompatible with a definite causal order. In Chapter 2, we study how to generalise this concept to the multipartite case, how to characterise multipartite causally (non)separable quantum processes, and how to certify multipartite causal nonseparability. Another important topic is to determine which quantum scenarios with indefinite causal order are physically implementable, and how they can be realised concretely. In Chapter 3, we introduce two new classes of physically realisable multipartite quantum processes, and characterise them in terms of their process matrix descriptions. In particular, we define the class of quantum circuits with quantum control of causal order. The simplest example of such a circuit is the quantum switch, a protocol in which the order between two operations is controlled by a qubit in a superposition state, and which defines a causally nonseparable process. The class we introduce also contains more general examples of causally nonseparable processes with new features. We then show how the process matrix characterisation of this class allows us to search for new quantum information processing applications of causal nonseparability. In Chapter 4, we investigate a particular quantum communication effect in a scenario involving coherent control between two quantum channels. This leads us to a more general analysis of the notion of a coherently controlled channel, which involves certain subtilities. In Chapter 5, we turn to another problem that arises in multipartite scenarios, namely whether a given phenomenon is genuinely multipartite or not. More particularly, we study genuinely multipartite (non)causal correlations. In Chapter 6, we show that anomalous weak values are possible without post-selection. In Chapter 7, we show that certain tripartite process matrices, namely those that are unitarily extensible, have a realisation on so-called time-delocalised subsystems, i.e., quantum subsystems that are not associated with a definite time. The class of unitarily extensible tripartite process matrices is larger than the class of quantum circuits with quantum control, and in particular contains processes that violate so-called causal inequalities

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Eryilmaz, Cevirgen Aysegul. "Causal Relations Among 12th Grade Students." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614970/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study is to invetigate the causal relationships among 12th grade students&rsquo
geometry knowledge regarding prisms and pyramids, spatial ability, gender, and school type. Path analysis was used to test the relationships among knowledge factors (declarative, conditional, and procedural knowledge), spatial ability factors (spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial perception ability), gender (female and male), and school type (general high schools and Anatolian high schools). Knowledge factors and spatial ability factors were determined by carrying out confirmatory factor analysis for the Prisms and Pyramids Knowledge Test and Purdue Spatial Visualization Test separately. Results revealed the bilateral relations among students&rsquo
declarative, conditional and procedural knowledge
and the bilateral relations among spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial perception ability. When relations among spatial ability factors and knowledge factors were examined, the importance of the students&rsquo
spatial abilities on geometry performance was exposed explicitly. Spatial visualization and mental rotation ability have positive direct effects on all knowledge factors. Additionally, spatial perception ability have positive direct effect on declarative and procedural knowledge. On the other hand, school type has positive direct effects on students&rsquo
geometry knowledge factors and spatial ability factors. These effects exposed the superiority of students in Anatolian high schools in respect of students in general high schools. Moreover, direct effects of gender on mental rotation ability, spatial perception ability, and declarative knowledge were found. Although, results presented the male superiority in mental rotation and spatial perception abilities, direct effect of gender on declarative knowledge indicate the female advantage.

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Taylor, Christopher Nigel. "A formal logical analysis of causal relations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.564138.

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Causal relations of various kinds are a pervasive feature of human language and theorising about the world. Despite this, the specification of a satisfactory general analysis of causal relations has long proved difficult. The research described in this thesis is an attempt to provide a formal logical theory of causal relations, in a broad sense of 'causal', which includes various atemporal explanatory and functional relations, in addition to causation between temporally ordered events; and which involves not only necessity associated with physical laws, but also necessity associated with laws and constraints of various other types. The key idea which motivates the analysis is that many types of causal relation have in common certain underlying abstract properties, regardless of the nature of the participants involved. These properties can be expressed via an axiomatisation, initially viewed as applicable to 'event causation', but subsequently re-interpreted in a more abstract and general way. Given the wide variety of models for the axioms, there are not likely to be powerful general methods for computing the causal relationships defined: instead it is likely to be more productive to use methods tailored to particular models.

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Guha, Amal. "Compréhension de textes et représentation des relations causales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161089.

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Cette thèse porte sur la notion de distance causale dans la représentation mentale du texte lu (hypothèse du modèle de situation). J'ai d'abord étudié dans la littérature, notamment philosophique, comment on définissait la relation de causalité "dans les choses". Une telle définition semblant hors d'atteinte, j'ai élaboré des définitions opérationnelles de la distance causale, à la fois dans la réalité et dans le modèle de situation. J'ai conduit deux expériences sur des chaînes causales (i. e. des séquences de phrases dans lesquelles chacune décrit la conséquence de la précédente) partielles issues de textes de vulgarisation, recueillant des jugements de plausibilité sur les couples cause-conséquence présentés. Il s'avère que la distance causale mentale (plausibilité) est d'autant moindre que le nombre d'intermédiaires sautés (approximation de la distance causale réelle) est important. On ne trouve pas d'effet du rang de lecture dans la plausibilité jugée. Par ailleurs, la familiarité du participant avec le thème abordé augmente la plausibilité jugée. Il est présenté une série de descripteurs du temps, de l'espace, et des protagonistes, qui permet de qualifier la relation entre les événements décrits par deux phrases. Ces descripteurs sont prédicteurs (à 41 %) de la plausibilité. La causalité est donc une dimension à part entière du modèle de situation, mais elle peut être en grande partie ramenée aux autres dimensions de la situation, que sont le temps, l'espace, et les protagonistes. Nous suggérons que ces données situationnelles peuvent fournir la base d'une décision "fruste" pour entreprendre ou non une inférence causale lors de la lecture d'un texte.

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Sellner, Daniela Bettina. "The access to causal relations in semantic memory." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966247035.

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Labadal, Abdelkrim. "Alliances technologiques et croissance economique : Impacts et relations causales." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10022.

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Les alliances stratégiques sont l’une des manifestations de la mondialisation. Elles ont marqué le début des années 1980 et n’ont pas cessé de se multiplier. Les alliances stratégiques ont fait l'objet de plusieurs recherches aussi bien en organisation industrielle que dans le domaine des sciences de la gestion. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette optique. Il s’agit de chercher la présence de liens de causalité entre les alliances technologiques et la croissance économique. Pour atteindre notre objectif, nous analysons, dans le premier chapitre, le concept d'alliances stratégiques. Dans le second chapitre, nous exposons le problème des alliances technologiques et la place qu’elles occupent parmi les théories de la croissance économique. Soulever toutes les questions relatives à leur efficacité d’une part et leur stabilité d’autre part, font l'objet d'un troisième chapitre. En utilisant la théorie des jeux évolutionniste, nous montrons que les alliances sont en mesure de résister à la présence de firmes qui opèrent seules sur le marché. À la fin de la thèse, dans un quatrième chapitre, nous concluons à l’existence d’un impact, tant quantitatif que qualitatif, des alliances technologiques sur la croissance économique
Strategic alliances are one manifestation of globalization. They marked the beginning of 1980 and have continued to multiply. Strategic alliances have been subject of several studies in industrial organization and also in the field of management sciences. This thesis is part of this context. We are looking the presence of causal links between technological alliances and economic growth. To achieve our objective, we analyze, in the first chapter, the concept of strategic alliances. In the second chapter, we expose the problem of technological alliances and their place among the theories of economic growth. Raise all matters relating to their effectiveness on the one hand and stability on the other hand, are the subject of a third chapter. Using the theory of evolutionary games, we show that alliances are able to resist the presence of firms that operate only on the market. At the end of the thesis, in a fourth chapter, we conclude that there is an impact, both quantitatively and qualitatively, technology alliances on economic growth

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Fiévé, Estelle. "Rôle des composantes temporelles dans l'évaluation des relations causales." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112253.

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L'information causale est transmise par l'interaction d'un bon nombre de facteurs, principalement les composantes temporelles, c'est ce que nous avons mis en évidence dans un premier temps. Nous avons donc testé le rôle du temps, de l'aspect et du type de verbe sur l'évaluation de la relation causale entre deux évènements. L'" aspect " est la manière dont l'action du verbe est distribuée dans le temps, par rapport au " temps " qui localise un évènement par rapport à un autre. Nous concluons à un effet faciliteur de certaines associations de temps sur l'évaluation de la causalité (notamment quand le texte commence par un imparfait). Puis, nous avons testé si la nature du verbe (état, action ponctuelle ou continue) influençait l'évaluation de la causalité. Là encore, certains verbes facilitent ou gênent l'évaluation de la causalité, mais sans interagir avec le temps des verbes. Principalement, un verbe d'achèvement en première phrase facilite la compréhension -plus rapide- par rapport à un verbe d'état. Nous avons enfin utilisé nos résultats expérimentaux pour tenter une approche de la représentation aspectuo-temporelle à l'aide de réseaux d'intervalles. Nous représentons les procès avec les différents composants du repérage temporel du récit ainsi que leurs relations à l'aide de l'algèbre des intervalles temporels d'Allen. À partir de l'analyse de ces relations, nous mettons en évidence de nouvelles relations entre les aspects de chaque phrase et examinons leur incidence sur la causalité. Reprenant les travaux de Dorr et Gaasterland (2002), nous proposons une approche du temps et de l'aspect qui nous permet de déduire les connecteurs envisageables entre deux procès donnés
Causal information is transmitted by the interaction of a lot of factors, mainly the temporal components, it is what we have highlighted in a first experiment. We have thus tested the role of tenses, aspects and the type of verbs on the evaluation of causal relation between two events. The "aspect" refers to the way in which the action of the verb is distributed in time, compared to "tenses" which locate an event compared to another. We conclude that there is a facilitator effect of some associations of tense on the evaluation of causality (in particular when the text starts with imperfect). Then, we have tested if the nature of the verb (state, specific or continue action) influence the evaluation of causality. There still, some verbs facilitate or disturb the evaluation of causality, but without interacting with the tense of the verb. Mainly, a verb of achievement in the first sentence facilitates the comprehension - faster- compared to a verb of state. We have finally used our experimental results to try an approach of the aspectuo-temporal representation using intervals networks. We represent processes with the various components of the temporal location of the story and their relations using the Allen's algebra of temporal intervals. Starting from the analysis of these relations, we highlight new relations between the aspects of each sentence and examine their incidence on causality. Taking up the works of Dorr and Gaasterland (2002), we propose an approach of time and aspect which enables us to deduce the possible connectors between two given proccesses

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Miranda, Ackerman Eduardo Jacobo. "Extracting Causal Relations between News Topics from Distributed Sources." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-130066.

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The overwhelming amount of online news presents a challenge called news information overload. To mitigate this challenge we propose a system to generate a causal network of news topics. To extract this information from distributed news sources, a system called Forest was developed. Forest retrieves documents that potentially contain causal information regarding a news topic. The documents are processed at a sentence level to extract causal relations and news topic references, these are the phases used to refer to a news topic. Forest uses a machine learning approach to classify causal sentences, and then renders the potential cause and effect of the sentences. The potential cause and effect are then classified as news topic references, these are the phrases used to refer to a news topics, such as “The World Cup” or “The Financial Meltdown”. Both classifiers use an algorithm developed within our working group, the algorithm performs better than several well known classification algorithms for the aforementioned tasks. In our evaluations we found that participants consider causal information useful to understand the news, and that while we can not extract causal information for all news topics, it is highly likely that we can extract causal relation for the most popular news topics. To evaluate the accuracy of the extractions made by Forest, we completed a user survey. We found that by providing the top ranked results, we obtained a high accuracy in extracting causal relations between news topics.

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Estrada, Fernandez Zarina. "Arguments and clausal relations in Pima Bajo." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185467.

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This dissertation is a study of Arguments and Clausal Relations of Pima Bajo within the framework of Categorial Unification Grammar. The theoretical framework explored assumes the existence of three major categories--the Argument Categorizing Element, The Propositional Radical, and the Proposition--and studies the structure building mechanisms which account for those categories. The major categories are taken to be feature-value complexes which combine, via unification, with different type of pronominal forms. It is shown that the notion of arguments as feature-values and the application of a categorial unification grammar accounts for the structure of simple as well as for complex constructions. The final part of the dissertation discusses a phonological algebra which accounts for the linear order of elements.

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Sahraoui, Arderrazak. "Modélisation et inférence des relations causales dans les systèmes physiques." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA132051.

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Nous presentons dans cette these une nouvelle approche pour la comprehension et la modelisation de la causalite dans les systemes physiques fabriques par l'homme. Contrairement a la plupart des approches deja existantes basees essentiellement sur des connaissances structurelles, notre approche fait appel a des connaissances fonctionnelles afin de pallier les insuffisances des methodes structurelles pour expliciter plus de relations causales. En effet, une meilleure connaissance des principes physiques de fonctionnement des composants dans un domaine donne permet d'etablir une hierarchie causale entre les composants basiques, laquelle hierarchie peut etre par la suite combinee avec des connaissances structurelles pour definir les relations causales qu'etablissent entre eux des composants assembles dans un meme systeme. Nous avons applique notre approche a un domaine restreint de l'electronique. Le monostable, un circuit de reference simple mais tres riche en enseignements nous a servi de guide pour l'etablissement d'une hierarchie causale entre des composants electroniques et definir des regles d'influences non contextuelles. Le meme circuit nous a servi egalement pour proposer une modelisation causale a base d'automates fonctionnels communiquants pour les systemes dont le fonctionnement se fait selon plusieurs etats.

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Crosby, Danielle Annik. "Children's causal attributions for economic inequality : relation to age and socioeconomic environments /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Grondin, Pierre. "La perception des objets impliqués dans des relations causales et non causales chez les enfants de 6 mois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43100.

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Le but de la présente étude est de vérifier, à l'aide de la technique de l'habituation-réaction à la nouveauté, si les enfants de 6 mois portent bel et bien attention à chaque objet lorsqu'ils perçoivent des événements. Trente-six enfants sont ainsi habitués à des lancers causaux et non causaux, et ensuite soumis à une substitution de l'un ou l'autre des deux objets. Les résultats démontrent que la substitution apportée au deuxième objet est notée plus rapidement que celle apportée au premier, peu importe la nature causale ou non du lancer. Ces résultats signifient que les enfants de 6 mois perçoivent les deux objets impliqués, mais consacrent davantage leur attention sur le deuxième quand ils traitent ce genre de situations.

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DIEHL, CLAIRE. "Analyse de la relation de causalite dans les executions reparties." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10091.

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Le travail decrit dans cette these appartient au contexte general de la mise au point de systemes distribues. Notre approche vise a pouvoir analyser au cours de leur deroulement les executions reparties, aussi bien pour observer et comprendre leur fonctionnement que pour tester automatiquement si il est correct. L'analyse de l'ordre de causalite du aux echanges de messages est un probleme fondamental, nous l'etudions a la lumiere de la theorie des ensembles ordonnes. Cela nous permet de comprendre le fonctionnement des algorithmes d'estampillage habituellement utilises, horloge de lamport et estampilles vectorielles de mattern, mais aussi d'en mettre d'autres en evidence: estampillage par des intervalles, calcul de la reduction transitive de l'ordre de causalite. Nous abordons le probleme de la verification a la volee de proprietes logiques sur une trace d'execution par l'etude de l'ensemble de ses coupures coherentes. Cet ensemble a une structure de treillis et nous mettons au point un algorithme qui le construit dynamiquement. Un des points fondamentaux qui ressort de ce travail est que l'utilisation de la theorie des ordres partiels est indispensable pour concevoir des algorithmes efficaces en temps et en memoire

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O'Connor, Katherine. "Causal Relations Between Cognitive Control and Language| A Conflict Adaptation Study." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590850.

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Whether neural substrates underlying conflict resolution, or the ability to choose an appropriate response from number of alternate options, are shared across disparate domains is currently unclear. This thesis sought to extend previous studies examining this question by asking whether conflict adaptation occurs between Stroop (a non-syntactic task well-studied in the conflict resolution literature) and two different language tasks. Evidence for bidirectional behavioral interaction between processing of sentences with syntax-semantic conflict and Stroop was found in Experiment 1; however, there were no behavioral interactions between a multiword production task and Stroop in Experiment 2. The difference between these two studies could be consistent with either a domain-general or domain-specific model of conflict processing, as it is unclear whether interactions were not found due to differences in levels of conflict processing or differences in domains of conflict processing. Further research should focus on better distinguishing between these two possibilities. Finally, we also suggest that future research should better characterize the time course of conflict processing.

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Saraswat, Krishan. "Constraints on geometry from causal holographic information and relative entropy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62879.

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In this thesis we find constraints to asymptotically anti de-Sitter space dual to holographic conformal field theory states using the holographic duality. A recent conjecture involving the causal holographic information surface propsed that for smooth asymptotically anti de-Sitter spacetimes that obey the null energy condition, the area of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface will always be less than or equal to the area of the causal holographic information surface. This conjecture is explored in three dimensional spacetimes that are dual to translation invariant states on the boundary conformal field theory in two dimensions. A series expansion of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface and causal holographic information surface is derived, and is used to translate the constraint between the ar- eas of the two surfaces into a constraint on the asymptotic structure of such geometries near the conformal boundary. The translated constraints are compared to the constraints given by the null energy condition - and it is found that the first two leading order constraints are the same. We then outline some preliminary results of an ongoing project whose goal is to understand the dual of relative entropy of holographic states defined on null cone regions on the conformal boundary. We derive the modular Hamiltonian for vacuum states defined on null cone regions in a conformal field theory using known results for modular Hamiltonians on null planes. We also derive the Ryu- Takayanagi surface associated with such null cone regions. Using these results, it is argued that, for null cones whose base is cut by a constant time cut, will not give new constraints beyond what is already known for ball shaped regions.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

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Dutra, Vania Lúcia Rodrigues. "Relações conjuntivas causais no texto argumentativo." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=261.

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Considerando-se a concepção de conjunção adotada por Halliday e Hasan (1977), esta Tese de Doutorado trata, especificamente, das relações coesivas conjuntivas causais em textos do tipo argumentativo. Fundamentado principalmente no Funcionalismo Lingüístico, especialmente no modelo sistêmico-funcional de Halliday (2002), e na noção de seqüência textual desenvolvida na análise pragmático-textual de Jean-Michel Adam (1992), este trabalho identifica as relações coesivas conjuntivas causais e explicita seu sentido com base na interpretação dessas relações como externas ou internas, considerando-se os sentidos que os segmentos textuais por elas conectados expressam: sentido chamado externo (interpretado no âmbito da função ideacional da linguagem) ou interno (interpretado no âmbito da função interpessoal da linguagem). Para tanto, são analisadas ocorrências dessas estruturas em seqüências argumentativas, todas elas componentes estruturais de textos do tipo argumentativo. Confirma-se a hipótese de, nesse tipo de texto, as relações conjuntivas causais configurarem-se majoritariamente como relações internas, demonstrando uma preocupação maior do enunciador com as relações inerentes à organização do discurso, ao processo comunicativo em si nas formas de interação escritor-leitor, do que com as formas inerentes aos fenômenos, aos eventos que são relatados pela língua. Busca-se, em última análise, contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das relações entre gramática e discurso em língua portuguesa, desenvolvendo uma descrição que leva em conta a funcionalidade das estruturas léxico-gramaticais na constituição dos textos.
Taking into account the conjunction conception adopted by Halliday and Hasan (1977), the present work deals, especifically, with the causal conjunctive cohesive relations in argumentative texts. Mainly based on Linguistic Functionalism, especially on the functional systemic model of Halliday (2002) and on the notion of textual pragmatic analysis of Jean-Michel Adam (1992), this work explains its meaning based on the interpretation of such relations as internal and external, considering the meanings that textual segments conected express: external meaning (interpreted in the area of the ideational function of language) or internal meaning (interpreted in the area of the interpersonal function of language). To accomplish this we analyse the occurences of such structures in argumentative sequences, all of them structural components of the argumentative texts. We confirm the hypothesis that, in this type of text, the causal conjunctive relations are most often characterized as internal relations, demonstrating a greater concern of the speaker as regards relations inherent to discourse organization, to the communicative process in itself in the writer-reader interaction rather than with the forms which are inherent to the phenomena, events that are reported by language.We also aim at contributing to a better comprehension of the relations between grammar and discourse in portuguese language, developing a description that takes into account the functionality of the lexical-grammatical structures in the constitution of texts.

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CALDAS, LUIZ EDUARDO CARDOSO. "CAUSAL CONJUNCTIVE RELATIONS IN A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE: LANGUAGE PROCESSING, READING AND TEACHING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23446@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Com base no conceito de conjunção de Halliday e Hasan, esta pesquisa de caráter psicolinguístico busca verificar o processamento de relações conjuntivas causais internas e externas, bem como o papel dos conectivos nesse processamento. Para isso, primeiro foi feita uma atividade exploratória de produção textual junto a alunos de sétimo e oitavo anos do Ensino Fundamental, para verificar se nessa faixa de escolaridade eles já utilizam relações conjuntivas causais internas e externas, e se as realizam léxico-gramaticalmente por meio de conectivos. Confirmado o uso dessas relações, foram realizados testes de compreensão leitora off-line e teste cloze em turmas do oitavo e nono do Ensino Fundamental, respectivamente. O resultado da análise estatística dos dados indicou que as relações conjuntivas causais sob investigação apresentam custos de processamento distintos. Nos testes de compreensão, em que a tarefa do participante consistiu na verificação de afirmativas relativas ao conteúdo depreendido do texto, as relações conjuntivas causais externas foram mais facilmente processadas. No teste cloze, em que o estabelecimento de relações entre orações é feito pelo aluno e, nesse sentido, mais dependente de seu conhecimento extralinguístico e do tipo de conectivo que pode expressar adequadamente tais vínculos semânticos, as relações externas parecem ter trazido mais custo para o processamento do que as internas. No caso das internas, além da identificação do caráter argumentativo do texto, pistas de ordem linguística, tais como emprego de recursos modalizadores, em especial de adjetivos, e tempo/modo verbal, podem ter facilitado o reconhecimento do tipo de relação (independentemente de ter-se efetuado uma compreensão mais efetiva do texto). Em relação à presença ou ausência de conectivo, não foi verificado efeito principal dessa variável em nenhum dos experimentos, o que pode, em princípio, ser relacionado à força da relação causal entre as orações, que, mesmo na ausência do conectivo, é possível ser recuperada pelo aluno nos textos utilizados. Este trabalho representa uma contribuição para a questão da leitura em sala de aula, particularmente no que tange à compreensão de textos de natureza argumentativa, em que as relações conjuntivas causais internas e externas comparecem substancialmente, e devem, portanto, ser mais bem abordadas nas aulas de todas as disciplinas, trabalhando-se uma interpretação que vá além da superfície textual.
Based on the concept of conjunction as presented by Halliday and Hasan, this research, which has a psycholinguistic character, aims to verify the processing of internal and external causal conjunctive relations, as well as the role of connectives in this processing. For this, it was first made an exploratory activity of writing with students from 7th and 8th grades of elementary school , to see whether in this level of schooling they already use internal and external causal conjunctive relations, and if they do it lexical- grammatically through connectives . Having confirmed the use of these relations, we performed the off -line reading comprehension test and cloze test in classes from the 8th and 9th grades of Elementary Education, respectively. The result of statistical analysis of the data indicated that the causal conjunctive relationships under investigation have different processing costs. In the comprehension tests, where the task of the participant was the verification of statements about the content inferred from the text, external causal conjunctive relations were more easily processed . In the cloze test , in where the establishment of relations between sentences is done by the student and, thus , depend more on its extra-linguistic knowledge and on the type of connective that can appropriately express such semantic links, external relations seem to have brought more cost to the processing than the internal ones. In the case of the internal ones, beyond identifying the argumentative character of the text, linguistic cues, such as the use of modal resources, especially adjectives and the use of certain verb tenses and moods, may have favored the recognition of the type of relation (regardless of having had a more effective understanding of the text). Regarding the presence or absence of connective it was not observed a main effect of this variable in any of the experiments, which can, at first, be related to the strength of the causal relationship between clauses, which even in the absence of connective can be retrieved by the student in the texts used. This work brings a contribution to the question of reading in the classroom, particularly with regard to text comprehension of argumentative nature, in which internal and external causal conjunctive relations appear substantially, and should therefore be best addressed in class from all subjects, exercising an interpretation that goes beyond the surface of the text.

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Di, Francisco Maria Nezu Christine M. "Psychopathy, negative emotions of anger and depression, and causal attributions : relation to sexual aggression /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860%20/839.

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Pavillon, Gérard. "Arc ii : un algorithme d'apprentissage par induction probabiliste: etude des relations de dependance et des relations de dependance causales." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066425.

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Cette these aborde le probleme de l'apprentissage des relations de dependance et des relations de dependance causales. Les motivations de ce travail reposent sur un ensemble de problemes poses par la gestion d'une base de donnees medicale. Les connaissances produites sont des relations entre faits. Les relations sont etablies en utilisant une strategie basee sur la dependance probabiliste. Les relations de nature causales font intervenir le temps en distinguant entre des evenements (faits dates) et des conditions (faits non dates). La notion de relation complete, qui prend en compte tous les faits pertinents disponibles, est definie. Les notions de relation simple et elementaire, qui ne prennent en compte que les faits pertinents, sont egalement definies. Dans le cas des relations de dependance causales, les situations de cause fallacieuse et de cause indirecte sont etudiees. Les relations sont representees sous forme de regles, auxquelles est associe un ensemble de facteurs permettant de preciser leur nature, leur degre de certitude et leur signification statistique. Le systeme arc ii implemente l'ensemble de ces notions. Il s'agit d'un systeme general, independant du domaine d'application. Ce systeme a ete teste sur des donnees medicales et, lorsque la comparaison etait possible, evalue a l'aide d'une regression logistique

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Atallah, Caroline. "Analyse de relations de discours causales en corpus : étude empirique et caractérisation théorique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20072/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous interrogeons sur les réalisations linguistiques des relations causales selon une approche sémantique et pragmatique du discours. Bien que la causalité occupe une place centrale dans les théories du discours, il n’existe pas de consensus quant aux relations qui lui sont associées. Confrontant les propositions faites dans la littérature avec nos observations sur des données attestées, nous proposons de contribuer à l’enrichissement d’une théorie du discours spécifique : la SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Cette thèse se situe donc à l’interface entre linguistique de corpus et linguistique théorique. Les analyses qui y sont menées s’appuient sur le corpus EXPLICADIS, corpus de français écrit constitué spécifiquement pour répondre à l’objectif visé. L’annotation de ce corpus en relations de discours causales nous a ainsi autorisée à procéder à l’analyse de ces relations selon une approche originale qui consiste à prendre pour point de départ la relation elle-même et non ses marqueurs. Cette approche nous a permis d’offrir une vision unificatrice de la causalité en caractérisant les relations de discours qui lui sont liées dans le cadre théorique de la SDRT. Elle nous a également permis de mener des études quantitatives et comparatives sur corpus. Notre travail dresse, en outre, un panorama des moyens d’expression de la causalité observés à l’écrit en français
The purpose of this thesis is to study the linguistic realizations of causal relations, according to a semantic and pragmatic approach of discourse structure. Even though causality is a central phenomenon in most theoretical frameworks on discourse, to date there is no consensus on the relations associated to it. Confronting the hypotheses put forward in the literature with our own observations on the basis of attested data, we offer to enrich a specific discourse theoretical model, i.e. SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Therefore, this study stands at the interface between corpus linguistics and theoretical linguistics. The analyses we carried out are based on the EXPLICADIS corpus, which is a written French corpus built specifically to meet the objective. Annotating this corpus with causal discourse relations allowed us to analyze these using an original approach which consists in starting from the relation itself rather than its markers. This approach provided us with the opportunity to offer a unified vision of causality by characterizing the different discourse causal relations in the framework of SDRT. It also provided us with the opportunity to conduct quantitative and comparative corpus studies. Our work also includes an overview of the different means of expression of causality that are documented in written French

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Meissner, Antje. "Les déterminants de la prise de décision dans le couple : une analyse causale." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21056.

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L'objectif de ce travail était de mieux comprendre la perception de l'influence de chaque époux sur des décisions spécifiques en essayant d'identifier certains facteurs expliquant cette preception et de prendre en compte les relations entre ces facteurs. La première partie consistait en une revue de la littérature et tout d'abord une présentation de la variable à expliquer, la perception de l'influence de chaque conjoint. Concernant les facteurs expliquant la perception de l'influence, l'accent a été mis sur les déterminants familiaux : 1. Le cycle de vie familial ; 2. Les ressources ; 3. Les normes en matière de rôles des époux ; 4. La communication dans le foyer parental et ; 5. La formation des parents. En somme, la revue de la littérature a permis de relever certains concepts du domaine du comportement du consommateur et des domaines avoisinants susceptibles [d']influencer le processus de décision conjugale. La deuxième partie a présenté un modèle réunissant les différentes variables. L'enjeu principal était de mettre simultanément des relations déjà connues à l'épreuve. L'enquête finale a été réalisée sur un échantillon de convenance par un quetionnaire auto-administré. Le modèle proposé était soumis à des analyses sur la base des équations structurelles. Les résultats des analyses ont tout d'abord confirmé une tendance générale vers une prise de décision commune. Poutant, le modèle initialement symétrique, ne l'était plus après les analyses, ce qui confirme que le couple ne peut être traité comme une unité homogène. De plus, l'approche décision par décision a été confirmé par des modèles finaux distincts en fonction de la décision analysée. Même si les résultats statistiques montrent des indices peu satisfaisants, des applications pratiques des résultats s'imposent, notamment dans le domaine de la publicité. Ainsi, les résultats permettent de relever les facteurs qui déterminent la décision et cette connaissance est impérative pour une publicité efficace.

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Pederson, Thomas. "From Conceptual Links to Causal Relations — Physical-Virtual Artefacts in Mixed-Reality Space." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137.

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George, Christina. "Revised syntactic attributes for relative cause simplification and relative pronoun correction." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27245.

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Using previous work for resolving relative clause attachment ambiguities as a starting point, we expanded an existing framework consisting mainly of semantic features to include new syntactic features. We used these new syntactic attributes on their own, as well as with the existing ones in two separate applications. First, we examined sentences containing restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses and classified them according to whether the relative clauses could be removed to simplify the sentences. In the second application, we corrected the selection of relative pronouns in French to English machine translations. To test our revised syntactic attributes, we devised a two-stage system. In the first stage, we used binary classification to perform an initial screening of sentences, followed by a more detailed classification in the second stage. We then evaluated the performance of each stage as well as the system as a whole. In each application, we made specific adjustments and succeeded in demonstrating that the combination of syntactic and semantic attributes was more effective in these classification tasks than relying on one type of attribute exclusively.

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Puissant, Emmanuelle. "La relation associative d'aide à domicile : spécificités, remises en cause, résistances." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE006.

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Cette thèse analyse la relation associative d'aide à domicile selon une méthodologie inductive et une posture socio-économique. L'objectif de la première partie est de construire cet objet de recherche. Le premier chapitre retrace la construction sociale du secteur de l'aide à domicile, en montrant le rôle pionnier des associations. Le deuxième chapitre fait état du caractère globalement dégradé des emplois et du travail dans le secteur. Il pointe toutefois le rôle sécurisant des associations. Le troisième chapitre analyse pourquoi la loi de développement des services à la personne de 2005 bouleverse le secteur, et singulièrement les associations. L'objectif de la deuxième partie est de développer des outils conceptuels afin d'éclairer la problématique dégagée dans la première partie. Le chapitre 4 conceptualise sous la forme d'un triangle, trois types de relations qui tissent le secteur ; les relations de service, salariale et de travail. Cette organisation triangulaire appelle un cadre théorique et analytique socio- économique. Le chapitre 5 a pour objectif d'analyser ces relations dans le contexte association, en considérant qu'elles font partie d'un système. La troisième partie est d'analyser les enjeux et les évolutions à l'œuvre au sein du secteur associatif du point de vue de l'articulation entre les trois relations identifiées. Le chapitre 6 montre que les relations de travail et d'emploi sont indissociables dans le cadre associatif, ce qui invalide le caractère non qualifié du travail. Le chapitre 7 analyse comment les relations de travail et de service s'articulent dans le cadre d'une relation d'usage, Enfin, dans un contexte institutionnel changeant, le chapitre 8 revient sur le difficile équilibre entre les différentes relations
This PHD thesis analyses the personal care aid, especially as developed in non-profit organizations. The aim of the first part is to build the research object. The first chapter recounts the slow development of personal care aid as an activity sector. The second chapter shows the difficult conditions of` care work. The third chapter analyses why the law to develop home care services, changed the whole sector of personal care aid. The second part develops some "conceptual tools" to enlighten the problems shown in the first part. In chapter 4, three types of relationships that exist in this sector are conceptualized-like a triangle: the service relationship, the employment relationship, and the work p relationship. The relationships that appear in this triangle in the context of non-profitmaking organizations are analyzed in chapter 5, considering that they are part of` a system. The goal of the third part is to analyze the stakes and the development of the sector of` non-profitmaking organizations, taking into account the three identified relationships. The chapter 6 shows why the work and employment relationships are inseparable. The chapter 7 analyzes how specific the work and service relationships are in the non-profit organizations in the field of personal aid care. In a moving context, chapter 8 deals with the necessary balance between the different relationships

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Kurki, Milja Helena. "Rethinking the concept of cause in international relations theory." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/c7d75d4d-d2d4-40ba-a777-f22b79168dc2.

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This thesis seeks to analyse and rethink the treatment of the concept of cause in contemporary International Relations theorising. It is argued that International Relations theorising, in line with the dominant philosophical traditions in twentieth century philosophy of science and social science, is deeply informed by an empiricist `Humean' philosophy of causation. The acceptance of Humean assumptions concerning causation leads to an array of meta-theoretical and theoretical problems in the discipline, notably to the dichotomisation of `causal' and `non-causal' approaches and the tendencies towards theoretical reductionism. The thesis seeks to rethink the Humean framing of causation through `deepening' and 'broadening' the meaning of the concept of cause. Causation is given ontological grounding through following the insights of philosophical realism. The ontological deepening of the concept of cause allows us to overcome some of the key methodological, epistemological and ontological problems of the `rationalist' causal theorists in International Relations, while avoiding the anti-causal conclusions of the `reflectivist' theorists. Moreover, it is argued that through revisiting the Aristotelian philosophy of causation we can develop more nuanced understandings of the different ways in which social causes work and, crucially, interact. It is argued that broadening the concept of cause allows us to conceptualise not just `pushing and pulling' causes, but also `constraining and enabling' conditioning causes. The deeper and broader account of cause allows us to deal with some of the central metatheoretical and theoretical problems that Humeanism has given rise to in International Relations theorising. The causal-constitutive theory dichotomy can be seen as misleading. Also, through adopting the philosophical and conceptual tools advanced here, International Relations theorising can be directed towards more ontologically holistic, methodologically pluralist and epistemologically reflective causal analyses of world politics.

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El, Aouni Mustapha. "Géophagisme et anémie : relation de cause à effet ? : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25280.

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Kuhn, Jill Ann. "Cue-to-consequence effects in an associative account of causal attribution." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/652.

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32

Boudon, Sylvain. "Biologie évolutive des pathovars de "Xanthomonas arboricola", agent causal de phytobactérioses émergentes." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20199.

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KINIE, ABEL. "Detection de relations de causalite et estimation de temps de retard en epilepsie." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN1A045.

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Le travail presente dans ce memoire a pour objectif d'etudier plus en detail les relations entre les signaux observes en stereoelectroencephalographie et recueillis chez des patients souffrant d'une epilepsie focale du lobe frontal et cherche a verifier que la decharge paroxystique se fonde sur une organisation plus complexe constituee d'ensembles distribues relies par des connections anormalement facilitees. Le premier chapitre presente le domaine d'etude qui a servi de base a ce travail. La premiere partie examine le contexte de l'etude, les modalites d'observation et les caracteristiques particulieres (nature spatio-temporelle, etc. . ) de l'epilepsie. La seconde partie de ce chapitre propose une demarche de resolution possible en l'inscrivant dans un formalisme relevant des sciences de l'ingenieur. Le second chapitre examine les travaux realises dans le passe qui ont tente de repondre, parfois d'une maniere differente, au probleme des estimations de causalite entre signaux et de temps de retard. A la vue de cette synthese bibliographique, des outils methodologiques sont retenus: les fonctions d'intercorrelation et de coherence, la quantite moyenne d'information mutuelle, le coefficient de regression non lineaire et les cumulants d'ordre trois. La fin de ce document cherche a les confronter et surtout a les comparer d'une maniere objective. Le chapitre trois decrit sommairement les elements theoriques cles de chaque methode retenue. Il presente ensuite i) comment des statistiques scalaires peuvent etre construites pour tester deux hypotheses (h0: independance - h1: rejet de l'hypothese d'independance), ii) lorsque h0 est rejetee, comment le retard, s'il existe, peut etre estime. Le quatrieme chapitre concerne l'analyse de situations de simulation se voulant les plus proches possibles de la realite. Il cherche a prendre en compte l'influence des bruits (supposes refleter des activites synchrones superposees aux signaux d'interet), du canal de transmission pouvant etre lineaire ou non lineaire. Ce chapitre tente de mettre a plat l'ensemble des methodes et d'etablir une hierarchie entre les methodes pour les deux points i et ii) du paragraphe precedent. Le dernier chapitre nous ramene au cur du probleme traite puisque six crises d'epilepsie du lobe frontal recueillies par stereo-electro-encephalographie sont etudiees en detail. Les conclusions tirees des methodes sont ensuite comparees a celles du clinicien et les differences, lorsqu'elles existent sont discutees. Cette etude montre que des relations interstructures s'etablissent aux alentours de la decharge paroxystique critique et que la vitesse de propagation de cette derniere est plus lente que celle de l'activite neuronale normale

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Peramageli, Fotini. "Emotional and behavioural difficulties : causal attributions for social and working relations in Greek primary school children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021769/.

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Emotional and behavioural difficulties are present in many children's lives. Prevalence and stability estimates have called for early identification and intervention. Several factors have been identified which relate to emotional and behavioural difficulties and conclusions have been drawn on how children with EBDs differ from the non-EBD. One area which has not been adequately researched is the relationship between emotional/behavioural difficulties and social cognition and more specifically to causal attributions. Children's causal attributions have been found to relate directly to their emotional and behavioural reactivity, so the objective of the present research was to identify the way children with EBDs perceive and interpret social situations of peer rejection and school failure. Two studies were carried out. The first study dealt with the identification process of emotional and behavioural difficulties in primary school children, aged 8-11yrs old, in Athens, Greece. The Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire for completion by teachers and parents was used for 266 children from 2 state schools. The prevalence rate was estimated at the 35% level. Sex and social class differences were also identified. Three groups of children were identified in the first study for participation in the second study. One group included children identified by parents and teachers on two occasions (the pervasive and stable group), one identified twice by teachers only and one twice by parents only. Each of the three groups was matched with a control in terms of sex, age and SES. It was found that children in all the three EBD groups have consistently failed to choose internal self-attributions in comparison to their controls i.e. selfattributions for failure and rejection in social and work relations were mainly external for the EBD groups whereas they were both internal and external for the controls. There were no differences between the two groups for the other attributions i.e. other attributions for failure and rejection in social and work relations were both external and internal, for both the EBD and control groups. No differences were identified between EBD and control groups in terms of children's ability to anticipate others' hurt feelings. However, differences were found between the pervasive EBD and control groups in children's reactions to anticipating hurt feelings. The EBD group children revealed both internal and external reasons, although they were able to realise, that internal reasons hurt more. The control group children only revealed the external reasons. These results enhance our understanding of the heterogeneity and situation specificity of EBDs and have major implications for assessment and identification measures. They also shed some light on the relationship between EBDs and causal attributions and can have useful educational, social and psychological implications for the children themselves as well as for their significant others.

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Lapandry-Bayoudh, Françoise. "L'évolution de la coopération franco-tunisienne : la remise en cause d'une relation privilégiée ?" Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOD007.

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Les relations de coopération franco-tunisiennes ont vu le jour au lendemain de l’indépendance de l’Etat tunisien en 1956. En effet, la vague de décolonisation des années soixante entraina le réaménagement des rapports entre les puissances colonisatrices et les territoires colonises. La coopération est apparue comme un moyen d'assurer la pérennisation des liens historiques entre ces deux pays. Elle a évolué dans son organisation et dans son champ d'intervention. Les pays nouvellement indépendants ont cherché à être reconnus en tant qu'Etat à part entière. D’autant que le contexte des années soixante-dix s'y prêtait avec la revendication pressante d'un nouvel ordre économique international. Des transformations sont donc intervenues dans les rapports de coopération. La nouvelle approche de la coopération est basée sur l'idée de réciprocité entre les partenaires, plus ou moins réalisée dans les faits. Par ailleurs, les relations de coopération traduisent l'évolution politique de part et d'autre de la méditerranée. Leur caractère structurel est corrigé par des éléments conjoncturels qui la perturbent ou la renforcent. L’appartenance de la France à une Europe de plus en plus intégrée, va introduire une autre dimension dans ses rapports avec la Tunisie. En outre, toute une série d'évènements politiques de nature interne à chaque Etat vont influer sur l'évolution de la coopération. L’initiative de la mise en œuvre de cette dernière dépend d'une diversité d'acteurs appartenant soit à la sphère publique soit au secteur privé. Son cadre institutionnel a connu une certaine évolution des instruments juridiques dans le souci d'une homogénéisation. Elle englobe des domaines varies dont trois principaux : l'économique, le financier et le culturel. La transformation des objectifs et des moyens s'exprime dans les différents secteurs et ne correspond pas forcement aux ambitions de départ. Son avancée est perceptible à travers le partenariat et les différentes sources de financement qui l'ont alimenté. Néanmoins, certains déséquilibres persistent, inhérents à la période coloniale notamment au niveau culturel ou la coopération a été fortement influencée par la présence française
Upsurge of the process of de-colonization in the sixties brought about a readjustment of the relationships between the colonizing countries and the colonized territories. Cooperation appeared as a means of perpetuating the historic links that had prevailed earlier. In the course of years, this cooperation has undergone an evolutive process both in its organization and in its implementation. Newly independent countries endeavored to be recognized as fully-fledged nations, encouraged by the political environment of the seventies, and, in particular, the pressing demand for an international economic order. As a consequence, changes occurred in the cooperation relationships. The new approach to cooperation is based on the notion of reciprocity between partners, which in fact, has been achieved more or less successfully. Besides, cooperation relationships reflect the political evolutions on either side of the Mediterranean. Their structural features are constantly modified by crises and fluctuations that disturb or reinforce them. The fact that France belongs to a gradually unified Europe is likely to bring a new dimension to its relationships with Tunisia in addition, claims of domestic political events may influence the evolution if this cooperation in the future. In fact, the initiative of its implementation is in the hands of a variety of deciders belonging both to the public and private sectors. Its institutional environment also has undergone changes, as the legal instruments were modified so as to ensure a greater homogeneity. Its scope extends to various fields, among which the economic, financial and cultural branches. The transformation of the objectives and means of action is felt in each of these sectors, and it does not necessarily

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Marshman, Elizabeth. "The cause relation in biopharmaceutical corpora: English and French patterns for knowledge extraction." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6385.

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One of the most important aspects of a terminologist's work is extracting conceptual information about terms from texts. Because this task is so time-consuming, researchers are trying to develop tools which will extract conceptual information semi-automatically. Many of these tools are based on the use of linguistic indicators called knowledge patterns. This thesis aims to identify some knowledge patterns in English and French which indicate the conceptual relation of cause and effect. This relation, though not as widely studied as those of generic to specific or part to whole, is critical in many subject fields including medicine and pharmaceuticals. For this reason, our research focuses on biopharmaceutical texts. Our methodology involved building representative corpora in English and French, and then identifying possible knowledge patterns. The precision of the identified patterns was calculated in order to predict their possible effectiveness for semi-automatic knowledge extraction. We discuss some of the issues observed in the process of identifying these patterns, and those which might affect the subsequent implementation of the patterns for semi-automatic knowledge extraction. A brief interlinguistic comparison of the English and French patterns identified is also included. Our research shows that the subject field of biopharmaceuticals contains many potentially productive knowledge patterns for the cause relation. However, there are also many issues which must be taken into account when identifying patterns and developing knowledge extraction tools.

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Monteillet-Geffroy, Mélanie. "Les conditions de l'enrichissement sans cause dans les relations de famille." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0005.

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L’application des conditions de l'enrichissement sans cause dans les relations de famille est particulière. Le lien familial, les relations affectives perturbent l'application traditionnelle de ce quasi-contrat. La condition de subsidiarité qui permet de délimiter le champ d'application de l'action de in rem verso est interprétée d'une manière très souple. Les plaideurs sont traités différemment selon leur qualité (époux, concubins, partenaires d'un pacs, enfants), selon qu'ils bénéficient ou non d'une institution spécifique (salaire différé, prestation compensatoire, indemnité exceptionnelle d'équité). Cela aboutit à des injustices quant à la recevabilité ou irrecevabilité de l'action en enrichissement sans cause. La condition d'absence de cause qui permet de savoir si un déséquilibre patrimonial doit être corrige est faussement caractérisée. L’action de in rem verso ne s'exerce généralement qu'au-delà du titre juridique (dépassement de la contribution aux charges du ménage, dépassement du devoir de piété filiale). Il y a donc seulement absence partielle de cause. De plus, les déplacements de valeurs sont souvent justifies (intention libérale) dans ce domaine ou les relations entre les parties sont empreintes d'affection. En définitive, la pratique jurisprudentielle révèle une inadaptation quant à l'application des conditions de l'enrichissement sans cause dans les relations de famille. Une indemnisation devrait être assurée par un droit spécial plus adapté.

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Haynes, Sarah Kirksey. "Student reading performance in relation to selected causal variables and a teaming process for improving higher order thinking skills." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2009. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/60.

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It was proposed to examine student motivation and teacher expectation for student performance in reading in relation to teachers' perceptions of instructional supervision, planning and preparation, instructional delivery, preservice college preparation, reading endorsement certification, teacher professional development, grade level teaching assignment and parental involvement. The results of a teacher survey indicated that student motivation was correlated with teacher expectation about students' performance on the Georgia Criterion Reference Competency Tests (CRCT), and both were correlated with preservice college training, instructional delivery and parent involvement. Based on the survey results, a treatment was conducted to enhance teachers' capabilities to teach for higher order thinking skills in reading in the second grade of a metropolitan Atlanta elementary school. There was no significant transfer on the CRCT from the treatment.

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Battle, Danielle Sanders. "Student mathermatics performance in relation to selected causal variables and a teaming process for improving higher order thinking skills." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2009. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/52.

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It was proposed that student mathematics gain scores on the Georgia Criteria Referenced Competency Test (CRCT], motivation ant1 teacher expectation might be explained by teacher perceptions of the selected independent variables: Instructional I leadership, professional development, teacher methodology, achievement lesson planning, teacher instructional delivery and teacher college preparation. The correlation design did not include a control group. Thirty-seven of the 48 teachers responded to a 51 -item, five-point ordinal scale questionnaire in a metropolitan Atlanta elementary school. Significant correlations were student CRCT performance; motivation and teacher expectations were intercorrelated and all three variables were significantly correlated with the Achievement Lesson Planning system (ALPS), college preparation, instructional supervision, math grouping, and staff professional development. Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) were only significantly related to CRCT and teacher expectation. Based on these results. five third grade teachers were selected for treatment, and were asked to rate their 95 students' ability to respond to higher order thinking skills in addition to providing teacher and student demographic information. Based on the results of both surveys, a treatment was conducted to counteract the identified causal variables for low student responsiveness in teaching of higher order thinking skills in order to improve student mathematic performance. The researcher (the principal) trained the third grade teachers to function as a Grade Achievement 1em (GAT) on the Empowerment Management of meeting (EMOM) model and to utilize the ALPS to plan lessons so as to counteract the causal variables for low student performance and to teach for higher order thinking skills utilizing the Observation Based Instructional Assessment System (OBIA). The results of ANOVA indicated that all teachers made significant gains on the teaching of HOTS in mathematics. In a factor analysis, HOTS gain scores in mathematics were loaded in component I inversely only with teacher gender. The results of regression analysis indicated that student CRCT math performance was significantly predicted only by their Pre-CRCT score and teacher rating of their math performance. It was suggested that the principal provided professional development at the Grade Achievement Team (GAT) level in the Management of Meeting (EMOM) model for conducting Achievement Lesson Planning System (ALPS) and Observation Based Instructional Assessment (OBIA) on the teaching of higher order thinking skills (HOTS).

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Gobeli, Brett Robert. "A two-year causal comparative study of Illinois school districts' instructional expenditures and their relation to student achievement growth." Thesis, Aurora University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10148299.

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The distribution of funds is critical to support quality education and represents large portions of school district's overall budget. With the increase of expenditures in education in the United States, the changes are not evident with increased student achievement. The problem that this study addressed is the spending of districts and student achievement growth. There has been mixed research evidence from the research regarding the relation between the size of a district’s educational budget and students’ level of educational achievement. Based upon the mixed results established by previous research, this study has determined, within the state of Illinois, if a relationship between the funding and student achievement growth exists. In particular, the study assesses the relation between expenditures in the instructional expenditures of school districts and student achievement growth. This study adds to the body of evidence on utilization of resources with particular emphasis on the budget spent for instruction and student achievement growth. In particular, the study assesses if there was a correlation between the instructional expenditures and academic achievement growth for public school districts in Illinois.

This quantitative longitudinal, causal comparative study of extant data investigated the relationship of the independent variables of instructional expenditures, district size, teacher experience level, and teacher salary level as they relate to student achievement growth. The determination of student achievement growth was measured by examining American College Testing (ACT) composite scores from one year to the next. A final analysis was completed to determine the evidence of a relationship over two years of study.

A further discussion of research results, their role in the larger field of student growth research, and suggestions for future research were provided. The summary of the research findings was shared regarding student achievement growth in relation to the proportion of the district's budget for the instructional expenditures, size of the district, type of district, income level of student families, teacher experience level, and teacher salary level.

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Reid, Suzanne Louise. "Invariance seeking action: Acquisition and blocking effects of causal attribution in the workplace." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1108.

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KHOURY, LINDA. "L'anaphore comme marqueur de la relation cause-consequence en francais contemporain (ecrit et oral)." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA030070.

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L'etude vise a demontrer que la relation anaphorique est une des marques fondamentales de la relation cause-consequence en francais contemporain tant a l'ecrit qu'a l'oral. Apres avoir brievement retrace l'historique de l'evolution des connecteurs et de la notion de "consequence" dans les grammaires du francais, on etudie les valeurs de differents connecteurs consecutifs, et on interprete leur statut "anaphorique", ou "non-anaphorique". On y precise egalement les types de relation anaphorique entre les constituants des deux enonces de cause et de consequence. Enfin on y presente une etude de la distribution des modes, des temps et des aspects
Thios study aims at showing that the anaphoric relation is one of the fondamental signs of the relation cause-consequence in contemprary french as well in the writter or oral language. After a short historic summary of the evolution of connectors and the notion of "consequence" in the french grammar, one is studing values of the different consecutive connectors, and are is analysing their "anaphoric" or "no anaphoric" status. One egually precises the styles of anaphoric relation between the constituents of the two termes cause and consequence. Finally one presents a study of the distribution of forms, tenses and aspects

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Sadeh, Mohammad Javad [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Spang. "Considering unknown unknown: reconstruction of non-confoundable causal relations in biological networks / Mohammad Javad Sadeh. Betreuer: Rainer Spang." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035808706/34.

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Eun, Yong-Soo. "Foreign policy analysis : developing a theoretical scheme for fuller causal explanations of foreign policy behaviour and undertaking in-depth, comparative case study." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/45163/.

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Why do states behave as they do in world politics? Put differently, how can analysts develop a more precise and complete explanation of the causation of foreign policy behaviour? Drawing upon the insights of actor-specific Foreign Policy Analysis scholarship, this thesis argues that we need an approach which posits a human agent as an important analytical category in its own right. However, this thesis also emphasises that the state‘s foreign policy behaviour cannot be fully explained solely in terms of the actions and intentions of individual human agents. While it is indeed conscious human agents who make foreign policies, the parameters of their capacity to do so are constrained and/or facilitated by the structural conditions with which their nations are confronted. The key point here is that structural and agential sources of the state‘s foreign policy behaviour should neither be deemed exclusive nor be granted explanatory priority a priori. In this regard, this thesis presents rationales and guidelines for why and how one should pursue a multicausal approach to the study of foreign policy behaviour. Relatedly, it explores the structure-agent problem in international relations and rethinks currently dominant conceptions of causation in the field of IR. Then this thesis establishes a multicausal framework for the analysis of foreign policy behaviour. The framework consists of three factors associated with human (agential) elements and international structural conditions. With the aim of discerning the fruitfulness of the multicausal approach advocated here and of producing the empirical evidence that shows causation of complex foreign policy actions, this thesis undertakes intensive and comparative case study. The specific question that the case study aims to answer is why South Korea and Australia reacted to the US-led war in Iraq as they did: these two cases have neither received appropriate empirical attention nor been provided with any satisfactory theoretical explanation. The empirical findings gained from the case study leads to a testing and refinement of existing leading IR theories. Also, based on the case study findings and on the multicausal analytical framework built, this thesis creates an integrated theory of a particular type of foreign policy behaviour (i.e. weaker state behaviour vis-à-vis a dominant power) which encompasses both structural and agential perspectives. In a related vein, it discusses the role of theory for IR scholarship and modes of construction of IR. Ultimately it is suggested that a multicausal approach can contribute to the cumulative development and refinement of predictions and generalisations about why states behave as they do on the world stage.

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Richards, Marina G. A. "Causal attributions in schizophrenia : an investigation of clients' and relatives' causal attributions about the illness : this will be examined in relation to clients' perceptions of family relationships, knowledge about schizophrenia and family distress." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57911/.

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Many clients with severe mental health problem, live in the community with their relatives. Research in the area has indicated that exacerbation of psychotic symptoms in clients is strongly associated with the emotional atmosphere in the family. The presence of high expressed emotion has been linked with relapse. However, recent research suggests that it is the causal attributions which relatives make to explain the illness symptomatology, which is most predictive of relapse. Relatives viewing clients' symptoms as being controllable by the client has been associated with hostility in relatives. Little has been said in the literature about the subjective experiences of clients. The present study investigated the causal attributions which clients and relatives made to explain the manifestation of the illness. Causal attributions made to explain positive symptoms, negative symptoms and behavioural problems were examined and compared. Clients! perception of their relationship with a key relative and their affective state was measured. Participants knowledge about schizophrenia, and relatives levels of distress were also examined. The clients in the present study were men under fifty with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Key relatives also participated. A cross sectional correlational and comparative methodology was employed. A mixture of quantitative data and qualitative information was generated. A key finding was that the nature of attributions made was determined by symptom category. Positive Symptoms were deemed to be the least controllable symptom and Behavioural Problems were considered the most controllable. Relationships existed between the attributions made by clients and relatives. Depression in clients was related to them attributing their illness to personal factors, and a reporting negative feelings about there relationship with a key relative. Findings are discussed in relation to literature, research and clinical practice.

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Kramdi, Seifeddine. "A modal approach to model computational trust." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30146/document.

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Le concept de confiance est un concept sociocognitif qui adresse la question de l'interaction dans les systèmes concurrents. Quand la complexité d'un système informatique prohibe l'utilisation de solutions traditionnelles de sécurité informatique en amont du processus de développement (solutions dites de type dur), la confiance est un concept candidat, pour le développement de systèmes d'aide à l'interaction. Dans cette thèse, notre but majeur est de présenter une vue d'ensemble de la discipline de la modélisation de la confiance dans les systèmes informatiques, et de proposer quelques modèles logiques pour le développement de module de confiance. Nous adoptons comme contexte applicatif majeur, les applications basées sur les architectures orientées services, qui sont utilisées pour modéliser des systèmes ouverts telle que les applications web. Nous utiliserons pour cela une abstraction qui modélisera ce genre de systèmes comme des systèmes multi-agents. Notre travail est divisé en trois parties, la première propose une étude de la discipline, nous y présentons les pratiques utilisées par les chercheurs et les praticiens de la confiance pour modéliser et utiliser ce concept dans différents systèmes, cette analyse nous permet de définir un certain nombre de points critiques, que la discipline doit aborder pour se développer. La deuxième partie de notre travail présente notre premier modèle de confiance. Cette première solution basée sur un formalisme logique (logique dynamique épistémique), démarre d'une interprétation de la confiance comme une croyance sociocognitive, ce modèle présentera une première modélisation de la confiance. Apres avoir prouvé la décidabilité de notre formalisme. Nous proposons une méthodologie pour inférer la confiance en des actions complexes : à partir de notre confiance dans des actions atomiques, nous illustrons ensuite comment notre solution peut être mise en pratique dans un cas d'utilisation basée sur la combinaison de service dans les architectures orientées services. La dernière partie de notre travail consiste en un modèle de confiance, où cette notion sera perçue comme une spécialisation du raisonnement causal tel qu'implémenté dans le formalisme des règles de production. Après avoir adapté ce formalisme au cas épistémique, nous décrivons trois modèles basés sur l'idée d'associer la confiance au raisonnement non monotone. Ces trois modèles permettent respectivement d'étudier comment la confiance est générée, comment elle-même génère les croyances d'un agent et finalement, sa relation avec son contexte d'utilisation
The concept of trust is a socio-cognitive concept that plays an important role in representing interactions within concurrent systems. When the complexity of a computational system and its unpredictability makes standard security solutions (commonly called hard security solutions) inapplicable, computational trust is one of the most useful concepts to design protocols of interaction. In this work, our main objective is to present a prospective survey of the field of study of computational trust. We will also present two trust models, based on logical formalisms, and show how they can be studied and used. While trying to stay general in our study, we use service-oriented architecture paradigm as a context of study when examples are needed. Our work is subdivided into three chapters. The first chapter presents a general view of the computational trust studies. Our approach is to present trust studies in three main steps. Introducing trust theories as first attempts to grasp notions linked to the concept of trust, fields of application, that explicit the uses that are traditionally associated to computational trust, and finally trust models, as an instantiation of a trust theory, w.r.t. some formal framework. Our survey ends with a set of issues that we deem important to deal with in priority in order to help the advancement of the field. The next two chapters present two models of trust. Our first model is an instantiation of Castelfranchi & Falcone's socio-cognitive trust theory. Our model is implemented using a Dynamic Epistemic Logic that we propose. The main originality of our solution is the fact that our trust definition extends the original model to complex action (programs, composed services, etc.) and the use of authored assignment as a special kind of atomic actions. The use of our model is then illustrated in a case study related to service-oriented architecture. Our second model extends our socio-cognitive definition to an abductive framework that allows us to associate trust to explanations. Our framework is an adaptation of Bochman's production relations to the epistemic case. Since Bochman approach was initially proposed to study causality, our definition of trust in this second model presents trust as a special case of causal reasoning, applied to a social context. We end our manuscript with a conclusion that presents how we would like to extend our work

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Zhang, Shuxiu. "The dragonomic diplomacy (De)code : a study on the causal relationship between Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation and the influence of multilateral economic regimes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/747/.

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Since the reformation of the Chinese economy, two notable trends have developed. First, the growing prominence of multilateral economic regimes (MERs) on the political agenda of Beijing has propelled deepened engagements between Chinese policy actors and institutions, and the agencies of MERs. This development is accompanied by a second trend, which is a growing dynamism in China’s economic diplomacy within the multilateral arenas. This dynamism is reflected in the evolving national preferences and approaches for multilateral economic negotiations, from outright resistance to gradual flexibility, and in some cases, acceptance. The simultaneous and parallel developments of these two trends stem a curiosity on whether a causal relationship exist between the deepened China-MER engagements and the dynamism of China’s economic diplomacy. Has Beijing’s open-door policy to global economic integration opened new windows of opportunity for the MER agencies to influence China’s economic diplomacy and its preference formation? In what way(s) and/or in which capacities can the agencies of MERs assert influence on China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? Under what conditions is this form of external influence successful? What are the long-run implications of the deepened China-MER engagements on Beijing’s economic diplomacy preference formation structure? What does the China-MER relationship tell us about China’s economic diplomacy preference formation in the 21st century? Although China’s partake in the international political economy has received much scholarly attention, few studies have attempted to decode China’s economic diplomacy preference formation, and even fewer have investigated the important nexus between the China-MER relationship and the behaviours of Chinese economic diplomacy. This thesis is a response to the knowledge deficit in these regards. By examining China’s participation in the multilateral climate change, and trade 4 negotiations, the thesis addresses the primary research question, how do multilateral economic regimes and their agencies influence China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? The study finds that the MER agencies do affect Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation. However, their influence peaks at an absorption level whereby Chinese preferences adapt to external preferences but not to the extent of reforming traditional principles and beliefs. The comparatively more effective ways of asserting influence for the MER agencies is through a costs-and-benefits calculus, information dissemination, shuttle diplomacy proximity talks, and informal negotiation practices. In general, Chinese policy actors do not refute the influence of the MER agencies; rather they absorb and adapt to it. In addition, the MER agencies assert influence at different stages of the preference formation, and over time, implicitly establish themselves as integrated policy actors in Beijing. On the whole, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding about how, why, and when international linkages matter in China’s economic diplomacy, and to the extent of driving preference transformation. The study provides useful analytic lenses that flesh out the variety of functions the MER agencies have in shaping and informing China’s national preferences and negotiation approaches. At the same time, it offers a fuller description of how the Chinese policy actors and institutions respond to (implicit) external interventions in its policy processes. Consequently, this thesis is a significant contribution that adds value to the scholarly debates and knowledge-building about one of the most important political and economic phenomenon of our time.

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Park, Wonsil. "Sémantique et représentation formelle de verbes qui expriment les relations causales : augmenter, conduire, créer, déclencher, diminuer, entraîner, entretenir, pousser, provoquer." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040069.

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La causalité est une des notions les plus fondamentales à la fois dans les sciences et dans la vie quotidienne. Par rapport aux autres relations, telles que l'agentivité, la transitivité sémantique, la factitivité, qui mettent en relation deux entités entre elles, la causalité est une relation interprétée entre deux situations. Notre étude a pour but d'analyser les indicateurs linguistiques pour appréhender les relations causales dans les textes, en particulier les textes médicaux. Le domaine médical montre bien la complexité de la notion de causalité. Le schéma de causalité proposé par l'étude présente, constitué de trois étapes, Observation-Interprétation-Validation, prend en compte le processus du diagnostic médical et la structure des textes contenant les relations causales. Nous avons construit une typologie des relations causales à partir de neuf verbes polysémiques, indicateurs de causalité, analysés dans le formalisme des schèmes sémantico-cognitifs. Ces verbes portent divers types d'informations : le temps, les rôles sémantiques des arguements, le type de situations, etc. Le modèle de la Grammaire Applicative et Cognitive permet d'analyser la polysémie verbale au niveau sémantico-cognitif et de structurer les différentes significations en réseau
Causality is one of the most fundamental notions, not only in sciences but also in everyday life. Compared to other relations, such as agentivity, semantic transitivity, factitivity, which organize relations between two entities, causality is an interpreted relation between two situations. This research involves analyzing linguistic indicators in order to apprehend causal relations in medical texts. Medicine well accounts for the complexity of this notion, causality. Our causal schema, composed of three steps, Observation-Interpretation-Validation, takes into account the medical diagnostic process and the structure of texts that explain causal relations. Nine French verbs are analyzed in a formalism called semantico-cogntive scheme and they transport various types of information : time, semantic roles of arguments, situation types and so on. We have established a typology of causal relations that is based on the semantic analysis of these nine verbs. Applicative and Cognitive Grammar allows to analyze multi-significant verbs at the semantico-cognitive level and helps us to understand various meanings of a verb in its network

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Härtl, Holden. "Cause und Change : Thematische Relationen und Ereignisstrukturen in Konzeptualisierung und Grammatikalisierung /." Berlin : Akademie Verl, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39294119g.

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Binici, Sevda. "Preschool Teachers’ Inferential Questions during Shared Reading and Their Relation to Low-Income Children’s Reading Comprehension at Kindergarten and First Grade." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405429590.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relation causale'

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