Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relation structure/activité'
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Chaurand, Frédéric. "Relation structure-activité des fluoroquinolones, place d'une nouvelle molécule : la trovafloxacine." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P203.
Full textGehin, Eric. "Relation structure-activité au niveau du site actif de l'héparine." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P035.
Full textPehourcq, Fabienne. "Relations structure-activité dans la série des 2-amino-2-oxazolines." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2B002.
Full textDebord, Jean. "Relation structure chimique-activité biologique pour quelques phosphoramides et benzamides." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2331.
Full textNasri, Issad. "Synthèse et activité antifongique de thiols polyfonctionnels et dérivés apparentes : relation structure chimique-activité antiadhérente." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10459.
Full textNahoum, Virginie. "Alpha-amylases de mammifères et d'insectes, relation structure/fonction." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30010.
Full textLidy, Sandrine. "Synthèse et étude structure-activité de molécules à activité antidiabétique et/ou antiobésité." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P633.
Full textRoche, Annie. "L'apport des nouveaux dérivés imidazoliques dans les mycoses." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P083.
Full textHerga, Sameh. "Relation structure-fonction de l'acylase I et de l'aspartoacylase : implication pathologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30022.
Full textAcylases are enzymes which hydrolyze acylamino acids releasing a free amino acid and an acidic group. Different types have been described according to the substrate. We studied kidney rat acylase I (rr-ACYI), human acylase I (ACYIh) and human aspartoacylase (ASPh). The proteins were expressed as recombinant proteins using the E. Coli prokaryotic system. We showed that any cysteine residue was implicated during the catalysis phenomenon and that D82 belonging to the H80xD82x’ motif is to ensure a proper protonation of H80 residue implicated in zinc coordination. For the first we described a novel inborn error of metabolism with ACYIh deficiency. By site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated that R353C mutation observed in the patient was responsible for enzyme deficiency, in correlation with mRNA level. Finally, we confirmed that ASPh, an enzyme involved in the Canavan disease, is a zinc metalloenzyme. H21, E24 and H116 were characterized as amino acids implicated in the metal coordination and that are in the vicinity of the catalytic E178
Vachoud, Laurent. "Étude de la relation structure-propriétés des gels de chitine." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10137.
Full textErent, Murielle. "Nucléoside diphosphate kinases. Stabilisation de la protéine par la structure quaternaire." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28510.
Full textIoannidou, Axiotis Stella. "Nouveaux médicaments psychotropes en série hétérocyclique oxygénée : synthèse-configuration-conformation, relation structure-activité." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10047.
Full textZeghbib, Narimane. "Synthèse de nouveaux inducteurs chimiques de la maladie de Parkinson : étude relation structure/activité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1168/document.
Full textA N-aryl pyridinium derivative (PF) has shown promising results as a chemical inducer of Parkinson's disease (PD). Its in vitro and in vivo administration has induced the appearance of characteristical cellular markers of PD but following a much slower kinetics than currently available PD inducers. These preliminary studies have suggested the existence of a link between the N-aryl pyridinium moiety and the ability of the molecule bearing it to chemically induce PD. These results have therefore led to the preparation of structurally related compounds, able to mimic more closely the biochemical mechanisms involved in the onset of PD.Using the same starting material - an aniline derivative - two synthetic pathways have been followed and have led to diversely functionalized N-aryl pyridiniums. The first pathway, based on the Zincke reaction, afforded compounds without hydroxyl group on the pyridinium ring. The second pathway, including a key step of anodic activation and inspired the preparation of PF, led to 3-hydroxy-N-aryl pyridiniums. For both synthetic routes, the nature of the starting material has implied the modification of previously protocols described to gain access to the targeted molecules. The toxicological evaluation of these N-aryl pyridiniums gave rise to a structure / activity relationship study. The results of this study have led to the identification of structural elements allowing both the inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the induction of in vitro neurotoxicity. It was also possible to identify for the first time, a parameter for the modulation of dopaminergic cell penetration and hence the activity of these chemical inducers of PD
Sai͏̈d, Abdou Elmadjid. "Contribution à l'étude de la relation structure-activité des psoralènes utilisés en thérapeutique." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA3502.
Full textChemin, Caroline. "Relation structure-activité de vecteurs colloïdaux type liposomes pour la vectorisation d'un anticancéreux." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114846.
Full textS12363 has a strong in vitro anticancer activity but also a high in vivo toxicity. To improve its therapeutic index this drug was encapsulated into liposomes. The first part of this thesis has demonstrated that the drug was localized in the vicinity of the bilayer and partially embedded into the phospholipids. A pharmacokinetic study has shown that the formulation was stable in vivo. Then a biodistribution as well as an efficacy studies were investigated. S12363-liposomes were able to significantly restrict tumor progression and increase mice survival
Xu, Zhou. "Etude des relations structure-activité de la protéine du prion." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077079.
Full textPrion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders related to the misfolding of the endogenous protein PrP. At least two conformations are accessible by this protein, an a-helical normal one, PrPc, and a P-sheet enriched amyloid one, PrPSc. Stanley Prusiner's « protein only » hypothesis proposes that the infectious agent of these diseases may be exclusively made of PrPSc protein. The latter has first been identified in infected brains as aggregated amyloid deposits, which were resistant to proteinase K degradation. Although breakthrough knowledge has been gained in the past decades about the physico-chemical properties of the infectious agent, the transmission phenomenon, the pathological spread of the disease in animals and the cellular mecanisms implicated, important issues remain unanswered, such as the understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of different regions of thee protein. In this thesis, we tried to bring forward some insights into these functions and their properties. On the one hand, we identified a protective role of PrPc in the maintenance of genomic stability through its unstructured N-terminus region. On the other hand, our data suggest that the two C-terminal helices H2 and H3 may be the sufficient and necessary domain for prion conformational change and replication. Based on these results, we propose a functional model for the different regions of the protein. In particular, m molecular mecanisms of H2H3 domain conversion stimulate our fundamental understanding of the conformational change of PrP relatively to the concept of prion in general
Tavet, Fabrice. "Nouveaux derives de la piperazine : synthese, relation structure-activite, proprietes pharmacologiques." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P617.
Full textPoissonnier-Durieux, Sophie. "Conception et synthèse de ligands naphtaléniques et tétrahydronaphtaléniques sélectifs du sous-type réceptoriel MT2 de la mélatonine." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2P015.
Full textEstevez, Yannick. "Activité leishmanicide de plantes issues de la pharmacopée traditionnelle Péruvienne et de molécules de synthèse : étude relation structure activité." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519174.
Full textFrochot, Céline. "Étude d'un décapeptide à activité de type benzodiazépine issu d'une protéine du lait bovin." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL104N.
Full textPerrin, Wolff Mallory. "Etude de l' apoptose induite par les glucocorticoides dans les lymphocytes T : relation de structure-activité et rôle protecteur de l' interleukine-2." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P632.
Full textLafrance, Mylène. "Relation structure-activité, distribution et fonctions des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : NTS2 et APJ." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5396.
Full textPauthe, Emmanuel. "Approches cinétiques et moléculaires de la reconnaissance enzyme-substrat : application à l'étude de l'activité protéolytique de la thermolysine." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1139.
Full textNguyen, Dinh Tho. "Synthèse chirale de modèles de mycotoxines trichothécènes : étude de la relation structure-activité biologique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112319.
Full textPerez, Marc. "Conception, hémisynthèse et évaluation biologique de composés à visée antitumorale à partir de produits naturels." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066760.
Full textThis manuscript reports the semisynthesis of anticancer compounds starting from securinine, an alkaloid found in the shrub Securinega suffruticosa. A set of compounds was obtained by cleavage and functionnalization of the scaffold of securinine. 1,6-addition reaction have been developed to afford further analogues. Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions such as Heck, Sonogashira and Suzuki couplings have been used for the synthesis of new C14 or C15 substituted securinine derivatives. The anticancer properties of these derivatives were assayed against four cancer cell lines and were used to define the structure-activity relationship of securinine. Noteworthy, potent cytotoxic derivatives displaying an IC50 of 60 nM have been obtained
Koralewski, Frédéric. "Anticorps anti-idiotypique à activité cholinestérase : Caractérisation des relations structure-fonction." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1205.
Full textBrudieux, Véronique. "Extraction, modification enzymatique et caractérisation chimique de nouvelles structures pectiques : application de la relation structure/activité à la dermocosmétique." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7d830b54-6fee-461e-8c54-9cd84e773544/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4060.pdf.
Full textPolysaccharides and, more particularly, pectins are molecules of biological interest that, as exemplified by the present work, can be used by the dermocosmetic industry. The SILAB company and the Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles mounted a joint prospective study on this theme. Firstly, we studied the chemical variability of type I rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I) extracted from 11 different plant materials. Experimental protocols designed for three of these materials (chestnut bran, apple marc and grape marc) have been transferred and optimised at a scale allowing their industrialization and, for one of them (chestnut bran), its marketing. The chemical structure of the tested RG-I explained their ability to modulate keratinocyte proliferation. In a second part, we studied a substituted galacturonan of the apiogalacturonan family, extracted from the seaweed Zostera marina. We characterized the chemical structure of this polysaccharide by the means of NMR spectroscopy and we studied its properties in relation to cellular and molecular oncology
Mey, Anne. "Relation structure-activité des lipopolysaccharides : étude à l'aide d'analogues déacylés du LPS de Klebsiella pneumoniae." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T153.
Full textSall, Cheikh. "Synthèse et étude de relation structure activité d'analogues structuraux à mobilité restreinte de la primaquine." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOPE01.
Full textMore half of the cases of world malaria occurs in Africa of the south-Sahara, which by its climate and its tropical ecology creates the favorables conditions for the development of mosquitos intermediate vectors of malaria. The rising up of the pharmacoresistance of Plasmodium ssp and the mosquitos, leads us in the search of new alternative at the medicamentous level in particular to the development of a new original structure to reason 1,10-phenanthroline with interesting pharmacological activities. The improvement of the biological activities of this skeleton by a series of pharmacomodulations led initially to the access of derived N-10 alkylated 1,10-phenanthrolines which are presented in the salt form. In the second time, a conformational analysis of the primaquine by molecular modeling highlighted the structural analogy of some derivatives of 1,10-phenanthroline with this drug, which made it possible to reach a second generation of molecules. Finally, the development of a original method of oxidation led to the preparation of a third generation of derivatives having an additional lactonic ring on the reason 1,10-phenanthroline. The biological activities in vitro of these compounds were evaluated on the P. Falciparum. The analogs with compact conformation of the primaquine in particular those presenting a methoxy group exhibit antiplasmodial and antigametocidal activities more interesting than primaquine. Selectivity indexes of of these compounds were also given by using cancer cell lines
Vialle, Émilie. "Réactivité des polyéthers ionophores et des coumarines : vers des systèmes moléculaires efficaces pour la santé animale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867741.
Full textRaynaud, Isabelle. "Etude des relations structure-activité quantitatives (QSAR) des cytokinines : synthèse et activité biologique de nouvelles molécules actives." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0022.
Full textMahdar, Elkbir. "Réactivité à l'état solide en relation avec l'organisation cristalline : application à des composés éther 18-couronne-6 - phénols." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10105.
Full textLepeltier, Elise. "De la squalénisation à la terpénisation de nucléosides : relation entre nucléolipide, structure supramoléculaire et activité biologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070640.
Full textQuijada, Pinango Jessica. "Relation structure/activité de tanins bioactifs contre les Nématodes Gastrointestinaux (Haemonchus contortus) parasites des petits ruminants." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15130/1/quijada.pdf.
Full textVilardaga, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude des récepteurs aux hormones gastrointestinales: relation structure-activité du récepteur de la sécrétine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212413.
Full textBoutar, Mohamed. "Synthèse et étude de la relation structure-activité d'analogues de l'acide tenuazonique, phytotoxine de Pyricularia oryzae." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112032.
Full textPyriculariosis is a widespread disease of rice whose causal agent is the fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Tenuazonic acid (TA) (3-acetyl 5-sec-butyl pyrrolidine-2,4-dione) is the olny phytotoxic metabolite detected in infected rice leaves in sufficient amounts. Besides being phytotoxic, TA possesses also antibacterial, anitviral and antitumor activity. Its phytotoxic activity is revealed by the inhibition of root growth in rice, lettuce and datura and by the presence of necrosis in rice when the toxin is applied on the leaves. In this work, we investigated the chemistry of this compound in order to discern its mechanism of action and its precise role in rice infection. Numerous structural analogs were synthetized essentially through variation in the chemical nature and the absolute configuraiton of the C5 substituent in addition to modifications on the 3-acetyl group (imine, oxime, enolether. . . . ) The structure-activity relationship of this compounds was examined and the origin of the toxic effects of TA was specified through biochemical and biological methods. Tritium-labelled TA synthetized in order to stady its penetration into cells and its diffusion in infected rice leaves. The synthesis of active esters of N-acetoacetyl-isoleucine is also reported
Esmieu, Charlène. "Etude de la relation structure-activité de complexes bio-inspirés de la réductase de l'oxyde nitreux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV044/document.
Full textStructure-activity relationships in copper complexes bio-inspired from nitrous oxide reductase N2O is a powerful greenhouse gas and is involved in the ozone layer destruction, which makes it degradation very interesting. N2O is an intermediate of the catalytic cycle of bacterial nitrification. Indeed, in biology a metalloenzyme can reduce N2O with two electrons to N2 and H2O. The active site of nitrous oxide reductase, the CuZ center, contains a unique combination of four copper ions bridged by a sulfide ion. In order to obtain complexes able to activate N2O and deepen the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme we have developed models based on the CuZ center. Binuclear copper containing the {Cu2(μ-S)} pattern that is supposed essential to N2O activation have been synthetized. Mixed valent complexes described in this work were fully characterized and their activity toward N2O was evaluated. These complexes are the first model like this capable of N2O reduction. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and theoretical studies have also allowed us to propose a reaction mechanism, which passes through the formation of an adduct complex-N2O. We were also able to highlight the crucial role of the exogenous water molecule in this mechanism. In parallel, the solution stability of different disulfide bonds present in tetranucleating ligands in the presence of CuII was evaluated. The reactivity of the disulfide bond is dependent upon the binding of copper ions near sulfur atoms. Three ligands with different amino groups were tested, each having a specific reactivity. We have shown for one of them that the oxidation of the disulfide bond could be carried out in the absence of strong oxidizer, water acting as the nucleophil
Poulin, Lucie. "Étude de la relation structure-fonction de la protéine BI-1 chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23101/23101.pdf.
Full textFardet, Anthony. "Caractéristiques physiques et physio-chimiques des aliments en relation avec leur digestion : influence de la structure du réseau protéique des pâtes alimentaires sur l'accessibilité et la digestion de l'amidon." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30008.
Full textLe, Saux Agnès. "Le transporteur mitochondrial d'Adenine-nucléotides chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae : approches moléculaires des relations structure-activité." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28334.
Full textElderwish, Sabria. "Synthèse de spiro-oxindoles ligands des prohibitines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF019.
Full textThe scaffold proteins prohibitins-1 and 2 (PHB1/2) play many important roles in coordinating many cell signaling pathways and represent emerging targets in cardiology and oncology. The investigation of the diverse physiological roles of PHBs is hampered by the complexity of their various post-translational modifications and also by the lethality consecutive to their genetic inactivation.We report herein two convenient and robust syntheses of the new PHB ligand 2'-phenylpyrrolidinyl-spirooxindole and its analogs. We identified some analogs that protect cardiomyocytes against the toxicity induced by doxorubicin and identified the structural requirements for this activity. We also synthesized some tools that were used to find that both PHB1 and PHB2 are targeted by these spirooxindoles. Such compounds may be used as pharmacological probes to explore the role of PHBs and may provide the basis for the development of new drugs candidates to treat cardiac diseases or cancers
Řihakova, Jitka. "Études in vitro et in vivo de la relation structure activités antibactériennes de la divercine recombinante « DvnRV41 », une bactériocine de classe IIa." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2137.
Full textThis research project has several goals. First, a major goal is to determine the structure function relationship of divercin V41, and to understand its mode of action. Then the second one is the heterologous expression of divercin V41 in Lactococus lactis. To achieve these scientific objectives, several molecular biology methods, site-directed mutagenis, circular dichroism, spectroscopy, biochemistry méthods have been used and several collaborations have been established. In the study of structure and function relationship of Dvn RV41, eight derivative peptides were produced by site directed mutagenesis and each derivative peptide was modified in one specific amino acid. The activity of all variants against Listeria monocytogenes EGDe and Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 in vitro appeared to be decreased, as compared to DvnRV41. The decrease in activity of four variants was shown also in a murin model against Listeria monocytogenes EGDe. The results showed that the central region of DvnRV41 was necessary for the antibacterial activity and was important for the correct spatial position of DvnRV41 for its mechanism of action
Chagnon, Félix. "Étude de la relation structure-activite de la tomatidine, un stéroïde alcaloïde aux propriétés antibiotiques contre les souches persistantes de Staphylococcus aureus." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/74.
Full textFugier, Martine. "Relation microstructure et propriétés mécaniques à différentes vitesses de déformation de films de polypropylène." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10215.
Full textZnati, Mansour. "Investigation phytochimique et biologique d'espèces du genre Ferula : synthèse d'analogues structuraux et étude de la relation structure-activité." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30062.
Full textWishing to enhance not studied medicinal plants and discover new biologically and pharmacologically active natural products, we studied some volatile and non-volatile extracts of plants: Ferula tunetana and F. Lutea (Apiaceae). The chemical composition of the flower oil from F. Lutea and the leaves, seeds, stems and roots of F. Tunetana, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by combination of GC/FID, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The phytochemical investigations of flowers of F. Lutea undertaken on these two extracts using preparative liquid chromatographic column at atmospheric pressure (CC), high pressure chromatography (flash chromatography) and preparative TLC allowed us to isolate two new compounds from n-butanol (E)-5-ethylidenefuran-2(5H)-one-5-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (P1), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enoic acid (P5 ), and three known compounds Verbenone-5-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (P2 ), methyl caffeate (P3 ) and chlorogenic acid (P4 ). We were also isolated seven compounds isolated from the first time from ethyl acetate of flowers of F. Lutea: methyle 3, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinate (P6), 3,5-O-dicafeoylquinic acid (P7), Narcissin (P8), (-)-Z-Deltoin (P9), (-)-marmesin (P10), Isoimperatorin (P11), 2,3,6 trimethyl benzaldehyde (P12). The pure compounds have had their structure elucidated using sepctroscopics methods: mass spectrometry (DCI-SM and ESI-MS) and NMR spectroscopy, 1D and 2D experiments (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) and diffraction of X-ray for compound (P5) We isolated a good quantity of Deltoin (10) which allowed us to perform a series hémisynthesis of 1,3-dipolar to access new isoxazolines and aziridines derivatives. Within the framework of synthesizing similar natural substances, we prepared a series of novel flavonol derivatives. The biological activities of essential oils, organic extracts, pure compounds and synthesized products were evaluated by in vitro bioassays: microbiological (against various strains of bacteria and fungi), antioxidant (towards radical DPPH and ABTS), 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxic (on one human colon cancer cell lines HCT 116 and two ovary cells lines IGROV-1 and OVCAR-3) activities
Leprince, Jérôme. "Contribution à la recherche des relations structure-activité de l'octadécaneuropeptide ODN : études pharmacochimiques in vitro et in vivo." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES007.
Full textLabat, Laurence. "Relations structure-activité des dérivés arylpropioniques antiinflammatoires non stéroi͏̈diens appliquées à leur liaison aux protéines plasmatiques et à leur liaison aux tissus." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2B005.
Full textLombard, Murielle. "Activité superoxyde réductase : mise en évidence d'une nouvelle activité enzymatique impliquée dans la lutte contre le stress superoxyde." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10012.
Full textCarriel, Lopez Diego. "Etude sur la relation fonction-structure de la lysine décarboxylase de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV011/document.
Full textThe lysine decarboxylase (LDC) belongs to a family of decameric PLP-dependent enzymes that catalyse the reaction transforming L-Lysine into cadaverine while consuming a proton. They are known to be involved in polyamine metabolism and during acid and oxidative stress responses.In enterobacteria like Escherichia coli, two paralogs are present, LdcI and LdcC. LdcI takes part in acid stress response by buffering bacterial cytoplasm. LdcC is produced during stationary phase and also when bacteria face fluoroquinolone treatment. The cadaverine produced by LDCs is known to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is capable of blocking outer membrane proteins, thus reducing the permeability of molecules responsible for acid and oxidative stresses. The activity of the LDCs from E. coli is coordinated with the stringent response (nutrient starvation) in order to prevent intracellular L-Lysine depletion. The stringent response signal molecule ppGpp is able to bind directly to LDCs and inhibit their enzymatic activity. However, the inhibition of the LdcI can be prevented by the formation of a cage-like complex with its partner RavA allowing bacteria to face the challenge of both acid and nutrient stresses.Since mechanisms allowing bacteria to counter stress challenges are important for displaying full virulence, we wondered if the opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be using LdcA to counter stress conditions that have already been described for LdcI in enterobacteria. During my PhD, we addressed this question by using different but complementary approaches.First of all, we used promoter-gene fusions and western-blot analysis to determine the conditions in which ldcA was expressed and its product synthesized. We could observe that ldcA is expressed on stationary phase under aerobic conditions in rich media and also during nitrate-respiring anaerobic conditions. As previously described in literature, we also confirmed that ldcA expression is regulated by ArgR and fully induced when L-Arginine is present in the growth medium. Even though we found out that acid and oxidative stress conditions do not induce the expression of ldcA, we obtained new data suggesting that other regulation mechanisms such as the quinolone signal system (PQS) could be involved in ldcA expression.In paralell, we constructed an ldcA mutant and its complemented strain to understand whether LdcA was involved in acid and oxidative stress response. Although the data obtained by using manual screenings and high-throughput technologies (Biolog) revealed that LdcA is not displaying the same functions as LdcI, we discovered that the cadaverine produced by LdcA is needed for full growth fitness when growing in minimal medium using L-glutamate as carbon source. Since slow growing phenotypes are linked to heightened bacterial persistence and because cadaverine has been shown to reduce the persisters population, we also examined if the presence of LdcA is modifying the amount of persisters during carbenicillin treatment. Our data has confirmed that this is indeed the case.Finally, by combining phylogenetic and structural analysis, we discovered that LdcA belongs to a different subgroup of bacterial LDCs. Sequence alignments show that key residues needed for binding ppGpp are not present in the predicted binding site which also suggests that the enzymatic activity is not inhibited by this molecule. And biochemical analysis has confirmed that this is indeed the case as it is the case for Arginine decarboxylases.Our work shows that, in spite of the fact that LdcA catalyses the same enzymatic reaction and shares the same structural fold than LdcI and LdcC, it is not implicated in acid stress or oxidative stress responses. Its role is linked to physiological effects of cadaverine and to the relationship between L-lysine and L-Arginine catabolism
Commare, Bruno. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux agonistes de récepteurs métabotropiques du glutamate." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P621/document.
Full textGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is responsible of the majority of synaptic transmissions. In contrast, this natural amino acid is also involved in numerous neuropathologies and particularly in case of glutamate overconcentration in the synapse. Metabotropic glutamate receptors, that can modulate synaptic transmission, thus constitute promising therapeutic targets. These receptors are divided in three groups and our laboratory has been focused in group III and especially subtypes 4 which own interested properties in symptomatic treatment of pain and Parkinson Disease. The lack of pharmacological tools targeting this receptor prompts us to synthesize novel orthosteric agonist from the hit compound LSP4-2022. This molecule was obtained after several chemical optimizations from (S)-PCEP discovered from virtual screening. During my Ph.D., we could refine the structure-activity relationship of LSP4-2022 synthesizing new fluorinated and heterocyclic derivatives. Besides, a second study was carried out to identify the configuration of the two diastereomers which form tested compounds