Academic literature on the topic 'Relational Contexts (Family and Society'
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Journal articles on the topic "Relational Contexts (Family and Society"
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Khurana, Kamal, and Aneeta Joshi. "Marital Satisfaction and Spiritual Personality: A Relational Overview." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/15747.
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Family is the generator of manpower and an institution for society. Overall growth of society depends on this social institution Marital satisfaction is one of the factors that influence the stability and persistency of family. The aim of this study is to identify relation between marital satisfaction and spirituality. The population under study consists of married couple living in national capital region. 500 questionnaires were circulated to seek response whereas after removing incomplete responses and cleaning of data it results in to sample of 382 individuals consisting of 225 male and 157 female respondents. Marital quality index (Norton, 1983)24 and Daily spiritual scale (Underwood, 2002)31 are used to seek responses. Reliability analysis and exploratory factors analysis is used to check the reliability of the scale in Indian Context. Additionally, a confirmatory factor analysis is performed to validate the scale and develop a model. The study provides an insight that will help in improving marital satisfaction in institution of family.
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Lee, Guozhang. "Navigating complex end-of-life decisions in a family-centric society." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019876304.
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End-of-life decision making frequently involves a complex balancing of clinical, cultural, social, ethical, religious and economic considerations. Achieving a happy balance of these sometimes-competing interests, however, can be particularly fraught in a family-centric society like Singapore where the family unit often retains significant involvement in care determinations necessitating careful consideration of the family’s position during the decision-making process. While various decision-making tools such as relational autonomy, best interests principle and welfare-based models have been proposed to help navigate such difficult decision-making processes, their application in practical terms, however, is dubious at best. This case report is presented to highlight these issues and explore the utility of these frameworks within the Singapore end-of-life care context when the interests of the family may be dissonant from those of the patient.
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Wong, Odalia, and Beatrice Chau. "The Evolving Role of Filial Piety in Eldercare in Hong Kong." Asian Journal of Social Science 34, no. 4 (2006): 600–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853106778917790.
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AbstractIn our study, we examine how prevalent the notion of filial piety remains in a modern Chinese society like Hong Kong as an initiative for individuals to become caregivers for their parents, and how it is practiced in actual caregiving scenarios. From the experiences of the caregivers analyzed in our paper, it can be seen that the Confucian notion of filial piety as a cultural norm still runs deep even in a post-industrial society like Hong Kong. However, the respondents in our study have adopted aspects of this filial norm to suit their own experiences and actual circumstances in their everyday caregiving practices. We also found that a relational approach to filial behavior with its emphasis on 'felt obligation' seemed to offer an apt interpretation of the respondents' motivations while engaging in caregiving for their parents. Specifically, caregiver obligations are negotiated commitments that can perhaps only be accurately interpreted in their highly personal family contexts. In addition, the notion of reciprocity, or giving back to one's parents, was also a prevalent factor, which reflected that emotional bonds binding the parents and children remained important, as was the empathy for elderly parents.
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Gómez Mestres, Sílvia, Jose Luis Molina, Sarah Hoeksma, and Miranda Lubbers. "Bulgarian Migrants in Spain: Social Networks, Patterns of Transnationality, Community Dynamics and Cultural Change in Catalonia (Northeastern Spain)." Southeastern Europe 36, no. 2 (2012): 208–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633312x642112.
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We analyze the Bulgarian migrant social networks in two localities (Roses and Barcelona) of Northeastern Spain (Catalonia), in order to determine the sociodemographic profile of Bulgarian migrants in these localities and assess the different patterns of adaptation (which means selective cultural changes to fit better with dominant practices) and community dynamics developed in each place. The methodology used is the structured interview supported by an open-source program (EgoNet) for collecting personal network data, along with participant observation and in-depth interviews. In addition, Bulgarian migrant associations and entities in Spain have been identified as a part of the global pattern of adaptation of this group. We show that local context matters for the type of adaptation of migrants. Therefore, in small contexts it is possible to form part of a denser and more homogeneous ethnic network, having at the same time a similar proportion of Catalan-Spaniard contacts as in larger towns. Small contexts favor segmented (or dual) adaptation to the host society. This adaptation manifests important and substantial differences between the public sphere (visible to the host society) and the private sphere (family life and close friends).
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Almuhtaseb, Mona I. A., Francesca Alby, Cristina Zucchermaglio, and Marilena Fatigante. "Social support for breast cancer patients in the occupied Palestinian territory." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e0252608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252608.
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Previous research indicates that social support is beneficial to cancer patients in adjusting to the stress of the disease. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of 36 semi-structured interviews, this article explores sources and types of social support in Arab-Palestinian women with breast cancer. Results show that members of the immediate family, husbands in particular, are reported to be the most supportive social sources. Given the limitations that characterize access to cancer care in the occupied Palestinian territory (OPT) and the collectivistic values of the society, women with breast cancer seem to rely mainly on their husbands to handle emotional, functional and informational needs. Emotional support includes the provision of care, trust, reassurance, and companionship. Functional support includes the practical assistance that the cancer patients receive in terms of financial support, attendance during treatment or help with domestic chores and childcare. Accessing appropriate informational support can be quite challenging in the OPT since available information is not always reliable. The family plays a key role in mediating communication with doctors. Contact with breast cancer patients and survivors is also a source of supporting information, with however a possible negative impact in terms of emotional coping. In this context, the immediate family becomes a fundamental resource for coping and a relational space that mediates connections with others, including doctors, acting as a “proxy” between the patient and the social environment. Findings are discussed in light of the historical and sociocultural context of the OPT.
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Mahmud, Hasan. "Social Determinants of Remitting Practices among Bangladeshi Migrants in Japan." Sociological Perspectives 60, no. 1 (August 2, 2016): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121415613965.
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Why do migrants send remittances? Through ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews among Bangladeshi migrants in Tokyo, this article explores the social determinants of migrants’ remitting practices. It offers a realist analytical approach following Durkheim’s perspective on how society determines an individual’s action. It recognizes social relations between the migrants and their families and relatives as the essential foundation for remitting to occur, while migrants’ adherence to social norms, as well as legal and social exclusion in the destination, causes them to participate in various qualitatively distinct remitting practices. Therefore, it argues that migrants’ social relations to the family and community cause them to remit, and changes in these relations result in subsequent changes in their remitting. It complements the New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM) approach by incorporating the social (both relational and spatial) context of remitting. By bringing in migrants’ agency, it also overcomes the limitations in social-cultural approaches that prioritize structural determinants.
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Tilleczek, Kate. "Early Childhood Transitions and Critical Praxis." Journal of Childhood Studies 37, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v37i2.15197.
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This paper presents literature and findings on childhood transitions in public education. Set in the context of shifts in Canada to full day kindergarten, it makes visible the range of human relational and structural concerns that must be considered in the practice of researching and facilitating transitions for children. The paper draws upon a review of international literatures and a longitudinal, three-year qualitative study of 795 students, parents, and educators in 37 families of schools who conversed about the character and meaning of transitions. Such long-term enactments of transitions as they occur are scarce but important in making visible the complexity and nuance of childhood transitions. Findings include the importance of a critical praxis for transitions which gets at the roots of the social organization and inequality in research and educational practice. The paper addresses critical praxis as found in three early childhood education frameworks (Australia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada). Attention to being, becoming, and belonging for all children and the fit between human and structural concerns at the levels of society, community, school, and family form core elements of critical praxis. Transitions are best understood and facilitated as over time, complex social ensembles.
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Santos, Mónica, Armando Almeida, Catarina Lopes, and Tiago Oliveira. "Teletrabalho na perspectiva da Saúde Ocupacional." Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional 10 (December 31, 2020): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31252/rpso.05.09.2020.
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Introduction/ background/ objectives The possibility of doing work at home dates back several centuries; however, technological development has allowed for the creation of new jobs based on it and eventually fully executed outside the employer’s premises. In addition, the pandemic situation associated with SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) has encouraged many institutions to initiate or intensify telework. The purpose of this review was to summarize the most relevant data about the topic, in the context of Occupational Health. Methodology This is a Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2020, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Telework is working at home, or at least outside the employer’s conventional facilities, but in a previously stipulated and approved location, using technology. In this review, data on the historical evolution of the work were summarized, highlighting the various Industrial Revolutions. Some national and especially international statistics were also included in the context of Telework. The main sub-types of Telework are also briefly described and what are the desirable characteristics in teleworkers and telemanagers. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages mentioned in the consulted bibliography are highlighted. Conclusions Generally speaking, the perception of advantages and disadvantages depends on the employee’s characteristics (such as personality, flexibility, autonomy, competence, need for socialization, posture and commitment to work); characteristics of the employer (management, malleability, valorization of human resources, means and procedures); the tasks themselves (ease or not of being teleworked); family characteristics (number of elements, age of children and relational quality); the household (size, lighting, furniture, equipment, area exclusive or not for the Telework); traffic, pollution and urban safety; as well as consequences for the relationship with the company, work and personal life (family and society); that is, the same aspect can be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage, depending on the global context. Furthermore, in reality, Telework has such a diversity of conditions and characteristics, that consensus conclusions are not possible. It is necessary for each institution to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of inserting the Telework and, if it decides to proceed, have a sense of what are the factors that can enhance and compromise the success of the project.
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IMBER-BLACK, EVAN. "Caring in Multiple Relational Contexts of Adversity: Implications for Family Therapy." Family Process 49, no. 2 (June 2010): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01314.x.
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Kodan Çetinkaya, Semanur, and Başaran Gençdoğan. "The relationship between marital quality, attitudes towards gender roles and life satisfaction among the married individuals." Psychology, Society, & Education 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v6i2.511.
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Abstract: Society imposes different roles on women and men in the family and the society, concerning their gender. “Gender Role Concept” is very important in terms of the fact that it is related all parts of life of individuals, behaviors, perceptions and attitudes of men and women (Çelik, 2008). In this perspective, gender roles, which affect individuals’ lives, cannot be isolated from the factors which affect marriage. In this context, the reflections of gender roles on marriage and also the effects of marriage, which is one of most important decisions of individuals, on quality of life were explored. For this purpose, the relationships between these three concepts were discussed. This research was a study of the relational model. The universe of this study included married individuals living in the province of Bayburt and Erzurum, and 639 individuals were participated to the research which was voluntary basis. The data were collected by using the “Marital Life Scale”, “Gender Roles Attitudes Scale” and “Life Satisfaction Scale”. These analyses were made on the data obtained from the study; t-test for independent groups, regression and correlation. According to study a positive and significant relationship was found between the marital quality, gender roles and the life satisfaction. There was found a significant differentiation; between the quality of the marriage and having children or family intervention; between the attitudes towards gender roles and gender, spouse’s employment status or having children; between the life satisfaction and gender or spouse’s employment status. La relación entre calidad marital, actitudes hacia los roles de género y satisfacción de vida entre personas casadas Resumen: La sociedad impone diferentes roles sociales a las mujeres y hombres en el seno familiar respecto a su género. El concepto de “roles de género” es muy importante dado que se relaciona con todas las partes de la vida, conductas, percepciones y actitudes de hombres y mujeres . En esta perspectiva, los roles de género, los cuales afectan a la vida de las personas, no pueden ser aislados de los factores que afectan el matrimonio. En este contexto, este artículo explora la reflexión sobre los roles de género en el matrimonio, como una de las decisiones más importantes de la persona, y también los efectos del matrimonio sobre la calidad de vida. Para este objetivo, las relaciones entre estos tres conceptos fueron discutidos. y se presenta un modelo relacional. En este estudio participaron voluntariamente 639 individuos casados que vivían en la provincial de Bayburt y Erzurum. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de la escala de vida marital, la escala de actitudes hacia los roles de género, y la escala de satisfacción con la vida. Para el análisis de los datos se realizaron pruebas t para grupos independientes, análisis de regresión y correlaciones. Los resultados indicaron una relación significativa y positiva entre la calidad marital, los roles de género y la satisfacción con la vida. Una diferencia significativa fue encontrada entre la calidad marital de acuerdo al criterio tener hijos y la intervención familiar, las actitudes hacia los roles de género basado en el género, el estatus del trabajo del cónyuge, tener hijos y la satisfacción con la vida basado en el género y el estatus laboral del cónyuge.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Relational Contexts (Family and Society"
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Canlas, Jerevie Malig. "Relational and Social Contexts as Predictors of Satisfaction and Stability Among Asian-White Couples." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3232.
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Research suggests that interracial couples are more distressed and have lower stability compared to their endogamous counterparts. Interracial relationships involving Whites and Asians, however, seem to be an exception. To explore this exception, the pathways to relationship stability among endogamous and exogamous Asian-White couples were compared. Using Analysis of Covariance, partner empathy, social approval, relationship satisfaction, and relationship stability for endogamous and exogamous Asian-White couples were compared, while holding length of relationship constant. Actor and partner effects of partner empathy and social approval on relationship satisfaction and relationship stability, as well as that of relationship satisfaction on relationship stability, were compared between the racial pair groups using structural equation modeling. Endogamous Asian couples consistently scored lowest in relational and social factors, as well as in relationship outcomes. Relational factors more strongly predict relationship satisfaction and stability among White men regardless of partner's race than among Asian men. Empathy predicts relationship satisfaction and stability among exogamous women no differently than among endogamous women. Social contexts, however, influence relationship outcomes differently between endogamous and exogamous couples. Lastly, both actor and partner effects of relationship satisfaction on relationship stability did not differ across groups.
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Gimba, Marcelo de Freitas. "Trajetórias de pessoas usuárias de drogas: narrativas, contextos relacionais e (re) significações em Comunidades Terapêuticas." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2018. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/400.
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Inserido na linha de pesquisa Família nas Ciências Sociais, esta pesquisa doutoral versa sobre narrativas de trajetórias de pessoas usuárias de drogas institucionalizadas em Comunidades Terapêuticas no Brasil e Portugal. O recorte histórico-geográfico está matizado pelos anos de 2014 a 2017, com residentes no Estado da Bahia-BR e na cidade do Porto-PT. Observou-se, através de aproximação qualitativa com base em entrevistas em profundidade, que as vulnerabilidades podem ser agravadas com uso de drogas, interferindo de forma significativa nas relações familiares, sociais e nos projetos de vida. Isto posto, esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a história de vida referente a um grupo de pessoas que consumiam crack e outras drogas até o ingresso em Comunidades Terapêuticas (CTs). Foi elaborado por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de pesquisa de campo em cinco Comunidades Terapêuticas, participaram das entrevistas: três profissionais do Governo do Estado da Bahia das áreas de Direitos Humanos e drogas, seis profissionais das Comunidades Terapêuticas (Assistentes Sociais, Psicólogos(as) e Monitor(a)) e onze pessoas internadas entre as cinco Comunidades Terapêuticas. Como metodologia de pesquisa adotou-se a Grounded Theory (Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados) e como instrumento de recolha foram utilizados três tipos de entrevistas: uma para os(as) profissionais do Estado da Bahia; uma para os(as) profissionais das Comunidades Terapêuticas e outra para os(as) internos(as). Construídas especificamente para esta investigação, com escopo de analisar: o início de uso das substâncias psicoativas, processo de acesso e aquisição das drogas, as violências sofridas e praticadas, políticas públicas sobre drogas desenvolvidas no Brasil e as vivências em Comunidades Terapêuticas e os contextos relacionais. Os principais resultados revelam que: o início do uso de substâncias psicoativas sofre grande influência de grupos de amigos/pessoas da intimidade, despertando a curiosidade; que as maiores violências (físicas e psicológicas) e práticas de delitos ocorrem na busca das substâncias psicoativas; as pessoas estão mais sujeitas às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs/AIDS) por terem seus corpos transformados em “moeda de troca” e negligenciarem em medidas de segurança (por exemplo: uso de preservativos); as mulheres estão sujeitas à gestação indesejada ou não planejadas; a necessidade de adequação das políticas públicas sobre drogas e as Comunidades Terapêuticas. Apesar das críticas, são equipamentos de importância, para os Governos (Brasil e Portugal) como políticas de enfrentamento a dependência das drogas.
Inserted in the research line Family in the Social Sciences, this doctoral research deals with narratives of trajectories of people using drugs institutionalized in Therapeutic Communities in Brazil and Portugal. The historical-geographical cut is shaded by the years 2014 to 2017, with residents in the State of Bahia-BR and in the city of Porto-PT. It was observed, through a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews, that vulnerabilities can be aggravated by drug use, interfering significantly in family, social and life projects. This put, this doctoral thesis aims to describe and analyze the history of life referring to a group of people who consumed crack and other drugs until joining Therapeutic Communities (CTs). It was elaborated through a bibliographical review and field research in five Therapeutic Communities. The interviews were: three professionals from the Government of the State of Bahia from the areas of Human Rights and drugs, six professionals from the Therapeutic Communities (Social Assistants, Psychologists, and Monitor (a)) and eleven people interned among the five Therapeutic Communities. Grounded Theory (Data Based Theory) was used as research methodology and three types of interviews were used as a collection tool: one for the professionals of the State of Bahia; one for the professionals of the Therapeutic Communities and another for the interns. Specifically constructed for this research, with scope to analyze: the beginning of use of psychoactive substances, process of access and acquisition of drugs, violence suffered and practiced, public policies on drugs developed in Brazil and experiences in Therapeutic Communities and relational contexts . The main results reveal that: the beginning of the use of psychoactive substances is influenced by groups of friends / people of intimacy, arousing curiosity; that the greatest violence (physical and psychological) and practices of crimes occur in the search for psychoactive substances; people are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections (STIs / AIDS) because their bodies have become a "bargaining chip" and neglect security measures (eg, use of condoms); women are subject to unwanted or unplanned pregnancies; the need for adequacy of public policies on drugs and the Therapeutic Communities. In spite of the criticisms, they are important equipment, for the Governments (Brazil and Portugal) like policies of facing the dependence of the drugs.
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Smith, Nathan J. "Does Video Game Content Matter? An Examination of Two Competing Ideas." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6026.
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The current paper addresses the associations between video game content (i.e., physically aggressive, relationally aggressive, and prosocial) and physical aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in two distinct developmental periods. The purpose of the paper is to test whether playing video games with a particular type of content influences behaviors over time, or whether individuals who have higher levels of physical aggression, relational aggression, or prosocial behavior prefer to play games with similar content. Two theories will be simultaneously examined and tested in order to determine the relative merit in using each in research examining the relationships between video game content and positive and negative behaviors. More specifically, this paper will address the General Aggression Model/General Learning Model (GAM/GLM) and the Uses and Gratification Theory. The GAM/GLM, at their core, predict that exposure to video game content will build a cognitive schema which will guide how an individual should behave when confronted with a later social encounter (Anderson & Bushman, 2002). Contrarily, Uses and Gratification would suggest that a person chooses to play video games with a particular type of content, and that video games should not influence behavior. Specifically, according to the theory, individuals should seek out video games in order to fulfill their inward feelings and motivations (e.g., an individual with aggressive tendencies would play games with more violent and aggressive content) (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1973; Whiting & Williams, 2013). A careful analysis showed a significant relationship between each type of video game content and its' corresponding behavior among adolescents, which supports the assumptions of the GAM and GLM. There was no relationship between video game content and behavior among preschoolers. With the exception of relational aggression of physically aggressive content, there was no support for Uses and Gratification Theory, in that preschoolers' and adolescents' levels of physical aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior were not related to the preference for video games with different types of content. The analysis adds significantly to the current literature by showing a relationship between video game content and behavior over a four year period.
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Moore, Adam Mousley. "Relational Diagnosis and Psychotherapy Treatment Cost Effectiveness." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2927.
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Despite a call by researchers for estimates of the treatment clinical and cost effectiveness for relational problems, very little has been done to answer this call. The present study is an examination of actual treatment costs and recidivism rates for patients treated for a relational problem (either in individual or conjoint therapy sessions) in the CIGNA network. Despite the fact that this study compares treatment provider cost-effectiveness for treating relational problems, analyses do not control for average amounts paid by provider license type. Policymakers and third-party payers may use such clinical-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness data to make decisions regarding treatment of relational problems and funding allocation. The present study is also the first to compare the costs of couples therapy versus family therapy for relational problems.
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Cramer, Christine Marie. "Relational Aggression/Victimization and Depression in Married Couples." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5664.
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The current study investigates the correlates of partner-directed relational aggression in married couples. In particular, this study looks at the connection between romantic relational aggression and the personal outcome of depression. Both the experience of victimization and perpetration of romantic relational aggression are considered. Victimization may be linked to depression through the concept of the “looking glass self” and reflected appraisals. Aggression, in contrast, may be linked to depression through dissatisfaction with one’s own aggressive tendencies in the relationship and a lack of “relational self-esteem”. Couples who completed the RELATE assessment were asked to report on their partner’s engagement in relationally aggressive strategies (both the love withdrawal and social sabotage subtypes) toward them. These scores were then used to predict self-reports of depression of both spouses. Bivariate correlations showed, with only one exception, that all aggression strategies were modestly yet significantly correlated with depression for aggressors and victims. In the SEM structural model, controlling for covariates, female love withdrawal was found to significantly predict male depression and male love withdrawal marginally predicted male depression. In this respect, victimization showed a stronger link to depression than aggression. There was no difference between social sabotage and love withdrawal in their predictive value. Women were found to report more aggression (of both subtypes) and depression. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Dalton, Hilary. "Exploring the Connections and Tensions Between Sacrifice and Self-Care as Relational Processes in Religious Families." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6680.
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The relational processes of sacrifice and self-care both influence every human relationship and as such, every human has to learn how to engage in them. Families are one of the many communities in which one must address sacrifice and self-care. This study provides a qualitative exploration of the relational processes of sacrifice and self-care among a sample of 198 highly religious (Abrahamic faiths) families. In-depth analyses explored motivations, types, and related family processes among family relationships. Five themes from the data about how families perceived and addressed the relational processes of sacrifice and self-care are discussed: (1) tensions between sacrifice and self-care, (2) motivations of sacrifice and/or self-care, (3) types of sacrifice, (4) types of self-care, and (5) processes in faith and family relationships. The ways that participants discussed struggling to address these processes are discussed along with why these ideas are important for marriages and families.
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Keister, Emily Kim. "Russian Parenting: Interactions with Relational Aggression over Time." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2183.
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The current study considers Russian parenting (psychological control) and child relational aggression across a decade. We used parent and child driven path analyses to test whether peer-directed and romantic relational aggression is associated with psychological control both concurrently as well as longitudinally. Using AMOS, parent and child driven models were compared and the parent driven models were found to have more significant concurrent and longitudinal linkages. Maternal psychological control was significantly stable over time; relational aggression was also stable over time for girls. Maternal psychological control at Time 1 was associated with relational aggression for girls at Time 1 and with peer-directed and romantic relational aggression for boys and girls at Time 2. Paternal psychological control was also associated with relational aggression for boys and girls at Time 2. Consistent with previous research, psychological control is particularly associated with relational aggression.
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Babineaux, Lauren, Elizabeth Ledet, Brennan Higginbotham, and Sun-A. Lee. "Helicopter Parenting and College Students' Relational/Social Aggression." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/3.
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The current study will examine the dynamics among helicopter parenting, college students’ psychosocial outcomes, such as self-esteem, depression, and relational/social aggression. Helicopter parenting is commonly defined as parental over-involvement to their children’s live, which can negatively affect children’s self-esteem and depression self-efficacy since helicopter parenting, in general, is argued as not developmentally appropriate parenting for young adult children. The current study specifically will examine whether college student’s self-esteem and depressive symptoms would mediate helicopter parenting and children’s being relational/social aggression toward peers. The study uses about 208 undergraduate students at one of major universities in southern region in the U.S.
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Kimball, Elisabeth R. "How Receiving and Providing Relational Compensators and Religious Expectations Influence Religious Experiences." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8486.
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Much research has been done on the concept of why people remain religious, formulating Rational Choice Theory. This involves the idea of compensators and religious expectations. In addition, other research and subsequent theories go into the duality of religious expectations and relational compensators—these relational compensators include love, support, forgiveness, and kindness from others. However, research has rarely explicitly explored what reportedly encourages individuals to stay in religious institutions despite religious demands. Through qualitative interviews with 198 highly religious families, this study analyzed the various expectations and demands individuals and families encounter, as well as the relational blessings they report receiving as a result of their religiosity. Findings indicate a complex connection between religious expectations and relational compensators, where some expectations are relational and may provide blessings for individuals who follow them. These findings indicate that some highly religious individuals do not view fulfilling certain religious expectations as a sacrifice. More research should be done to better understand why religious individuals of varying levels of religiosity remain religious as well.
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Meek, Gregory Scott. "Exploring relational processes in families of gay youth." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154133.
Full textBooks on the topic "Relational Contexts (Family and Society"
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Childhood, youth and violence in global contexts: Research and practice in dialogue. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Kawabata, Yoshito. Cultural Contexts of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0017.
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Theories and models suggest cultural influences on children’s family and peer socialization. It is conceivable, therefore, that the development of relational aggression, which is a part of developmentally salient social experiences, may appear differently, depending on cultural contexts. The goal of this chapter is to summarize cross-cultural, international studies that have examined the development of relational aggression in various cultural contexts. Specifically, studies are reviewed that have evaluated psychometric properties of measures and have explored social-cognitive processes, peer relationships, victimization experiences, and psychopathology among relationally aggressive children and adolescents across cultures. Finally, developmental and clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Hopcroft, Rosemary L., ed. Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology, and Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology, and Society explores a growing area within sociology: research that uses theory and/or methods from biology. The essays in this handbook integrate current research from all strands of this new and developing area. The first section of this book has essays that address the history of the use of method and theory from biology in the social sciences; the second section has papers on evolutionary approaches to social psychology; the third section has chapters describing research on the interaction of genes (and other biochemicals such as hormones) and environmental contexts on a variety of outcomes of sociological interest; and the fourth section includes papers that apply evolutionary theory to areas of traditional concern to sociologists-including the family, fertility, sex and gender, religion, crime, and race and ethnic relations. The last section of the book presents two chapters on cultural evolution.
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How to Nurse: Relational Inquiry with Individuals and Families in Shifting Contexts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.
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Contexts for Young Child Flourishing: Evolution, Family, and Society. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2016.
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Hopcroft, Rosemary L. Introduction. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.1.
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This chapter provides an overview of The Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology, and Society. Chapters in the first part of this book address the history of the use of method and theory from biology in the social sciences; the second part includes chapters on evolutionary approaches to social psychology; the third part includes chapters describing research on the interaction of genes (and other biochemicals such as hormones) and environmental contexts on a variety of outcomes of sociological interest; and the fourth part includes chapters that apply evolutionary theory to areas of traditional concern to sociologists—including the family, fertility, sex and gender, religion, crime, and race and ethnic relations. The last part of the book presents two chapters on cultural evolution.
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Coyne, Sarah M., and Jamie M. Ostrov, eds. The Development of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.001.0001.
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The Development of Relational Aggression provides a rich and detailed literature review on developmental processes associated with the perpetration of relational aggression (and related terms of indirect aggression and social aggression) across childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood (with a brief mention of relational aggression in adulthood). Relational aggression is defined as behavior that is intended to harm another’s relationships or feelings of inclusion in a group. Unlike physical aggression, the scars of relational aggression are more difficult to see. However, victims (and aggressors) may experience strong and long-lasting consequences, including reduced self-esteem, loneliness, substance use, eating pathology, depression, and anxiety. This volume begins by providing an overview of the field, including a discussion of definitions, developmental trajectories, methodology, and theoretical approaches. Additionally, the volume examines the biobehavioral and evolutionary processes associated with this type of behavior. The book also examines a number of risk factors and socializing agents and contexts (e.g., family, peers, media, school, culture) that lead to the development of relational aggression over time. An understanding of how these behaviors develop will help inform intervention strategies to curb the use of relational aggression in schools, peer groups, and family relationships, which are addressed in an extended chapter.
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Chassin, Laurie, Clark C. Presson, Jonathan T. Macy, and Steven J. Sherman. Cigarette Smoking from Adolescence to Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0014.
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In this chapter, findings from a long-term, cohort-sequential, multigenerational study of cigarette smoking are used to illustrate the importance of a developmental approach for (1) understanding trajectories of smoking behavior (in relation to other forms of tobacco use) and the conditions and challenges of the developmental periods that show transitions in smoking status (particularly adolescent smoking onset and challenges for parents with adolescent children), (2) understanding heterogeneity in these trajectories because differing trajectories may have different etiological underpinnings as well as different implications for the intergenerational transmission of smoking, (3) recognizing that development unfolds within the larger context of societal and historical change and that societal change can influence outcomes, and (4) considering development within a family systems and multigenerational context.
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Marshall, E. Anne, and Kathryn Butler. School-to-Work Transitions in Emerging Adulthood. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.27.
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For emerging adults, embarking on a career is both exciting and daunting—social changes and globalization have yielded increasing opportunities together with increasing challenges. Planning and flexibility are essential for success. In this chapter, the authors examine how these changes have impacted educational and work transitions, beginning with a broad snapshot of workforce participation, followed by a discussion of globalization effects and labor market shifts. Relational and family influences are seen to be influential in the context of work and career decisions. They identify several issues of particular significance to emerging adults, such as rapid societal change, cultural influences, work expectations, and increasing demands for knowledge and skills. New pathways to work are described, along with the transitions experienced among special populations such as the economically disadvantaged, immigrants, and international students. Current research illuminates these opportunities and challenges and emphasizes the need for culturally appropriate and meaningful transition supports.
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Schimpfössl, Elisabeth. Rich Russians. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677763.001.0001.
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This book looks at representatives of the top 0.1 per cent of Russian society: their stories, trajectories, ideas about life, and how they see their role and position at the top of Russian society. They are explored through their own stories: eighty interviews with multimillionaires and billionaires, and their spouses and children, conducted between 2008 and 2017. These people grew up and lived through a historically unique period of economic turmoil and social change following the collapse of the Soviet Union. When taken in a wider historical context, however, we see the repetition of a time-honored process whereby new money becomes respectable money. Rich Russians applies the sociological frameworks of Max Weber and Pierre Bourdieu in substantiating the claim that bourgeois Russians have acquired all sorts of cultural and social resources that help consolidate their power individually and as a group. They have elaborated more distinguished and refined tastes, rediscovered their family history, and begun actively engaging in philanthropy. Most importantly, they have worked out a narrative for themselves justifying why they deserve their elitist position in society—because of who they are and their superior qualities over others—and why they should be treated as equals by the West. This new, empirically grounded research helps us to understand the Russian bourgeois elite and its increasingly complex relations with Western societies.
Book chapters on the topic "Relational Contexts (Family and Society"
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Irtelli, Floriana. "Introduction: Society, Family, Subjects." In Contemporary Perspectives on Relational Wellness, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91050-5_1.
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Aguilar-Raab, Corina. "Mindfulness- and Compassion-Based Interventions in Relational Contexts." In Systemic Research in Individual, Couple, and Family Therapy and Counseling, 223–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36560-8_13.
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Kuczynski, Leon, and C. Melanie Parkin. "Pursuing a dialectical perspective on transaction: A social relational theory of micro family processes." In The transactional model of development: How children and contexts shape each other., 247–68. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11877-013.
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Koops, Judith C. "Nonmarital Fertility in Europe and North-America: What Is the Role of Parental SES and Own SES?" In Social Background and the Demographic Life Course: Cross-National Comparisons, 35–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67345-1_3.
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AbstractPrevious research has shown that parental as well as own socio-economic status (SES) influence nonmarital fertility. This chapter examines to what extent the effect of parental SES on partner status at first birth is mediated through own SES. Data from the Generations and Gender Survey, British Understanding Society Survey, Dutch Survey on Family Formation, American National Survey on Family Growth, and Canadian General Social Survey are used to examine 16 national contexts. In the majority of countries, the effect of parental SES on the likelihood of having a first birth in cohabitation and in marriage is partly explained by the intergenerational transmission of SES. A direct effect of parental SES is found in Canada, USA, Norway, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, and Romania. The effect of parental SES on the likelihood of having a first birth while being single and in marriage is partly explained by the intergenerational transmission of SES. In the USA, Austria, and Norway, a direct effect of parental SES was also found. The results suggest that in addition to the intergenerational transmission of SES, differences in family aid may influence the transition to adulthood. It is also possible that parental SES influences the motivation and ability to prevent pregnancies.
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Chaves, Covadonga. "Wellbeing and Flourishing." In The Palgrave Handbook of Positive Education, 273–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64537-3_11.
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AbstractThe presence of childhood and adolescent mental illness has risen significantly in recent years. The challenges that modern society poses necessitate providing children with the cognitive, social, and emotional competencies that help them avoid future mental illness as well as flourish socially and professionally. Positive psychology has introduced models of mental health in childhood to incorporate both the ‘treatment/prevention approach’ (i.e., treating and preventing mental disorders; removing negative states) as well as the ‘promotion approach’ (promoting life satisfaction; increasing positive states). In that sense, wellbeing can be defined as feeling good, functioning well, and doing good for others. Flourishing implies feeling satisfied with life and having the ability to live to the fullest. School and family contexts are important in the promotion of wellbeing in childhood. Nowadays, there is evidence that points to the positive association between levels of wellbeing and students’ academic performance, social abilities, and physical and psychological health. Many of the lifelong habits, beliefs, behaviours, and attitudes that a person carries are established in the family context. In this chapter, advances in the incorporation of positive psychology in these developmental environments are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the efficacy of interventions in preventing future psychological problems as well as in promoting childhood wellbeing, and the importance of political commitment to the achievement of generalized and sustainable changes over time is analysed.
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Eisler, Riane. "Societal Contexts for Family Relations." In Contexts for Young Child Flourishing, 61–78. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190237790.003.0003.
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Datchi-Phillips, Corinne. "Family Systems (The Relational Contexts of Individual Symptoms)." In The Initial Psychotherapy Interview, 249–64. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385146-8.00012-2.
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"Sociodemographic Factors and the Infl uence of Institutional Contexts." In Cohabitation, Family & Society, 87–115. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203028230-10.
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Phoenix, Ann, Uma Vennam, Catherine Walker, and Janet Boddy. "Ways of understanding family practices across contexts." In Environment in the Lives of Children and Families. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447339199.003.0002.
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This chapter explores the situated, dynamic, and relational complexities, and of the ways in which space, place, and time intersect with meanings of environment in the everyday lives of children and families. It sets out to disrupt assumptions of Minority to Majority world learning, and homogenising notions of cross-national in/comparability, through a methodological approach designed to create an analytic conversation across diverse contexts within and between India and the UK. The chapter focuses on the relationality and materiality of everyday lives, devising a multi-method approach in order to capture the interconnectedness of family lives and practices. It uses a common world approach that seeks to avoid the unhelpful binarisations of big and small or ‘global’ and ‘local’ environments, which act as a barrier to understanding.
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Jeung, Russell M., Seanan S. Fong, and Helen Jin Kim. "Ancestral Roots." In Family Sacrifices, 27–46. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190875923.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 offers a genealogical exploration of how Chinese traditions have shaped Chinese American religious affiliations and familism. Chinese adopt a plurality of beliefs for utilitarian purposes through their religious repertoire based in Chinese Popular Religion. Given their mixture of beliefs and practices that have no names, Chinese tend to identify as “nothing in particular.” Another factor contributing to the high rates of Chinese American religious nones is Confucian thought, which oriented Chinese society toward religious skepticism and an agnostic, symbolic interpretation of religious rituals. These twin approaches toward religion are the roots of modern-day Chinese atheism and agnosticism. Both reinforce the primacy of familial relations. These two traditions have undergone changes through modernization, migration, and the religious context in which they take root. The chapter ends with a survey of how these traditions have been transformed by Chinese state modernization, acculturation to the American context, and racialization.
Conference papers on the topic "Relational Contexts (Family and Society"
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Kurbanova, Lida. "Legal Pluralism In Regard Of Marriage And Family Relations In Society." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.251.
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Nikolić, Nataša. "THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT OF THE FAMILY FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TALCOTT PARSONS` STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL THEORY IN COMPARISON WITH SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN FAMILY." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.231n.
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Today, there are numerous theories about the family and each of these theories approaches the basic issues of the family in a specific way. This paper deals specifically with the structural functionalistic view of the family, and since Talcott Parsons was one of its most important representatives, attention is focused on his approach to the family. The aim of our paper is to try to give a critical review of how Parsons saw the family, its functions, structure, roles, relationships between its members, the values it aspired to, i.e. to look at the whole educational context of such a family. Also, we will try to compare the basic assumptions of his theory with some dominant characteristics of the functioning of a modern, i.e. to assess whether the so-called. ideological familism continues to sustain in the manner and functioning of the family of Western society. We came to the conclusion that despite the general social aspirations for the family to be based on democratic relations, much of what was characteristic of the family in the middle of the last century remains unchanged in practice, and some things are even intensified. The construct of intensive parenting was noticed as a big problem because it creates unrealistic demands for both parents and children.
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Oprea, Daniela. "School Effects of Attachment Break in Context of Economic Migration of Parents." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/23.
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Romania is going through a period of economic transition, subject to the pressures of globalization that affect the evolution of the family, at the micro social level, structurally, from the behaviour and relational point of view. The continuous process of changes in the labour market, the inefficiency of the association between vocational training and job satisfaction, the financial difficulties felt by most families but also the challenge of modernity have emphasized the phenomenon of migration in the last decade. The departure of parents who have to work abroad has become a worrying phenomenon with a higher incidence in the eastern half of the country. It has got complex effects on the evolution of the family, especially on the children left at home with one of their parents or their tutors. Nowadays, the studies show more and more situations of neglect in which children become victims and suffer emotionally and physically. They also suffer various abuses, they are exploited through work or sex. In schools, there is a new profile of special educational requirements (not deficiencies), the profile of children left at home without parental support. It is worrying the migration phenomenon seen as a value model by the young generation and its negative effects at school level: decrease of motivation for learning or school abandonment. The present study discusses a review of the current scientific literature objectively, which examines the impact of breaking attachment relationships between children and parents on socio-emotional development and school outcomes. The Romanian society knows an important socio-economic phenomenon, which has grown since 1990: migration. In 2017, a study carried out at the request of the Romanian Government recorded more than 85,000 children left home alone with one of the parents or without parental supervision. We aim to analyse what effects at school and socio-emotional level have the loss of attachment ties having as moderators the gender of the migrant parent, the duration of the separation, the age at which the separation occurs. When these relationships are interrupted, the child’s emotional development is affected, his emotional balance having repercussions in his social life. The purpose of this study is to identify, monitor the dimensions of the phenomenon in intensely affected areas (Braila and Galati counties), the psycho-pedagogical aspects of children with migrant parents exposed to situations of vulnerability, marginalization and to propose a program of educational strategies in order to optimize school motivation. The main objective of the research is to identify, evaluate and involve them into adaptive actions that have as their objective the rebalancing of the socio-affective relations
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Nanetti, Sara. "FAMILY AS RELATIONSHIP IN THE POST-MODERN SOCIETY: SUGGESTIONS FROM THE RELATIONAL SOCIOLOGY." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocialf2018/1.6/s01.010.
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Sekot, Aleš. "Parents and their Children’s Sports." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-29.
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An essay is rooted in the exploration of broader complex context of the phenomenon of phys-ical motion and sportive activities in contemporary sedentary society. It is at that time the topical problem of pointed parenting styles that is freshen and enliven in the context of edu-cational support aiming to active life orientation, including regular sportive activities. The spe-cific accents and educational methods of parenting are playing crucial role in this respect at the level of authoritative, authoritarian, liberal and neglecting styles (Sekot, 2019). Parenting styles prefiguring motivation of children to regular sportive activities and responsible attitude to life. And such process is going under way of socialization factors and impacts, bringing up to date the sociological links and context of mutual relation to motivation of children and youth to sport also in the context of organizational sportive activities out of the family. Now-adays we face forming socially and culturally determined relation child – parents – trainer (coach). Like this relation yields in the context of the climate of consumerist postmodern soci-ety adoring top elite athletes. Such cultural milieu forms potential conflicts of interests of mo-tivation, experience and pointing separate participants of such „triangle“. Given situation aim our effort to the crucial topic of parental responsibility as well as to growing educational and socialization importance of trainers and coaches. During the synergic process are pervaded practical aspects of the importance of age and motivation; but parental role is in this respect utterly essential and indispensable. Parental role is growing when parents play modelling role by way of mutual sportive activities with children. Thus, as it is in the essay substantiate with relevant research pieces of information and empirical data on parental role in motivation of children to regular physical activity and sport.
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Burcik, Vladimir, Fred Kohun, and Robert Skovira. "Analyzing the Affect of Culture on Curricular Content: A Research Conception." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3112.
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A research conception is developed to enable qualitative and quantitative research on the affect of culture on the curricular content of business and information systems degree programs. The frame raises the interconnected issue of globalizing business and information systems education (theories of organization, management, and employees’ motivation, and the use of information systems) and the affects of a society’s culture. The paper asserts that a society’s culture affects the business and information systems curricula. The essay assumes that any organization is an info-scape (an information landscape). A person’s culture shapes tacitly his or her understandings of the nature and functionality of an organization and its information systems and how to manage them. The conception, following Hofstede and Hofstede, presents an understanding of the Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance dimensions and four organizational views: the organization as Pyramid, Market, Machine, and Family. The conception also proposes a relation of organizational type to organizational governance styles: Monarchical, Feudal, Federal, and Anarchical. Finally, the conception also includes the relationship between organizational models and styles of managing organizations: Directive, Analytic, Conceptual, and Social.
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Pilatti, Angelina, Adrian Bravo, Yanina Michelini, Gabriela Rivarola Montejano, and Ricardo Pautassi. "Contexts of Marijuana Use: A Latent Class Analysis among Argentinean College Students." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.23.
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Background: Substance use and the association between substance-related variables and outcomes seem to be context dependent. We employed Latent Class Analysis (LCA), a person-centered approach, to identify distinct subpopulations based on contexts of marijuana use. We also examined whether the resulting classes differ in a set of marijuana-related variables that hold promise as potential targets of interventions. Method: A sample of 1083 Argentinean college students (64% women; M age = 19.73±3.95) completed an online survey that assessed substance use and related variables (motives for substance use, protective behavioral strategies [PBS] and internalization of the college marijuana use culture). For the present study, only data from students that reported last month (i.e., past 30-day) marijuana use (n = 158) were included in the analysis. Participants reported whether or not they used marijuana in different places (i.e., own house, party at home, friends’ house, parties at friends' house, university party, non-university party, bar, dance-club, outside [street, park], or pregaming) or social contexts (i.e., alone, with family members, strangers, boyfriend/girlfriend, close friend, small group of same-sex friends, ≥10 same-sex friends, small co-ed group of friends, ≥10 co-ed friends). Results: LCA identified a 2-classes model for marijuana use context. Class 1 comprised 40% of last-month marijuana users. Students within this class endorsed a high probability of consuming marijuana across different places (e.g., at home, at parties, outdoors) and social contexts (e.g., close friend and in small same sex and coed groups). Participants in Class 2 exhibited a low endorsement of marijuana use across contexts, yet they reported a moderate to high probability of using marijuana with a small group of same-sex friends or with the close friend, at a friend’s home. The two classes significantly differed, as shown by Student’s t, on all marijuana outcomes (i.e., use and negative consequences) and marijuana-related variables (motives, PBS and internalization of the college marijuana use culture). Students in class 2 exhibited significantly less marijuana use, both in terms of frequency and quantity, and less marijuana-related negative consequences than those in class 1. The latter class exhibited more normative perceptions about marijuana use in college, more marijuana use motives -particularly social, coping and expansion motives- and less use of PBS than students in class 2 did. Conclusions: Our findings revealed subpopulations of college students that are heterogeneous regarding contexts of marijuana use, patterns of use and in a number of relevant variables. These distinctive subpopulations require different targeted interventions.
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Luan, Xiaoying, and Yi Zhang. "A study on the mode of public participation in Chinese urban design under the concept of multi-body participation. Community building oriented with multi-age participation." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gxie2200.
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With the society and economy of China entering the transition period, people's requirements for urban life show a trend of diversification and high standards. Urban design is no longer limited to physical space but starts to carry out multi-angle and multi-level comprehensive consideration on the social and spatial problems of symbiosis. In this context, the innovative social governance and the quality improvement of urban public space that highlights the role of the public have become hot topics. As the main body of city users, ordinary people entering into the deep and substantial participation from the superficial and symbolic is the only way for urban design to transform from the expert-led "optimal scheme" to the "reasonable scheme" recognized by pluralistic bodies. In the process of western democratic politics, the participation theory that focuses on the construction of micro democracy is prevalent, and the public participation based on pluralism has become the theoretical basis for the planning participation. Besides, the concept of communicative planning and collaborative planning, which emphasize cooperation and consultation, also enriches the connotation of multiple participation. Due to different systems and awareness, it is difficult to promote public participation under China's national conditions. Community building, the interdisciplinary product of urban design and social governance under communities, is regarded as the experimental field for participating in the reform. Therefore, under the current administrative system and regulations, this paper tries to make use of the grass-roots management mode with Chinese characteristics to establish an inclusive multi-participation mechanism. It allows residents of different ages can go deep into the process of community building by taking the family unit. Meanwhile, some suggestions and strategies are raised for effective participation. We hope the bottom-up process of urban design in microscale can be an effective instrument to reflect the public's will and repair social relations at the same time, while explore and solve urban problems in diverse cooperation.