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Canlas, Jerevie Malig. "Relational and Social Contexts as Predictors of Satisfaction and Stability Among Asian-White Couples." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3232.
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Research suggests that interracial couples are more distressed and have lower stability compared to their endogamous counterparts. Interracial relationships involving Whites and Asians, however, seem to be an exception. To explore this exception, the pathways to relationship stability among endogamous and exogamous Asian-White couples were compared. Using Analysis of Covariance, partner empathy, social approval, relationship satisfaction, and relationship stability for endogamous and exogamous Asian-White couples were compared, while holding length of relationship constant. Actor and partner effects of partner empathy and social approval on relationship satisfaction and relationship stability, as well as that of relationship satisfaction on relationship stability, were compared between the racial pair groups using structural equation modeling. Endogamous Asian couples consistently scored lowest in relational and social factors, as well as in relationship outcomes. Relational factors more strongly predict relationship satisfaction and stability among White men regardless of partner's race than among Asian men. Empathy predicts relationship satisfaction and stability among exogamous women no differently than among endogamous women. Social contexts, however, influence relationship outcomes differently between endogamous and exogamous couples. Lastly, both actor and partner effects of relationship satisfaction on relationship stability did not differ across groups.
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Gimba, Marcelo de Freitas. "Trajetórias de pessoas usuárias de drogas: narrativas, contextos relacionais e (re) significações em Comunidades Terapêuticas." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2018. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/400.
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Inserido na linha de pesquisa Família nas Ciências Sociais, esta pesquisa doutoral versa sobre narrativas de trajetórias de pessoas usuárias de drogas institucionalizadas em Comunidades Terapêuticas no Brasil e Portugal. O recorte histórico-geográfico está matizado pelos anos de 2014 a 2017, com residentes no Estado da Bahia-BR e na cidade do Porto-PT. Observou-se, através de aproximação qualitativa com base em entrevistas em profundidade, que as vulnerabilidades podem ser agravadas com uso de drogas, interferindo de forma significativa nas relações familiares, sociais e nos projetos de vida. Isto posto, esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a história de vida referente a um grupo de pessoas que consumiam crack e outras drogas até o ingresso em Comunidades Terapêuticas (CTs). Foi elaborado por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de pesquisa de campo em cinco Comunidades Terapêuticas, participaram das entrevistas: três profissionais do Governo do Estado da Bahia das áreas de Direitos Humanos e drogas, seis profissionais das Comunidades Terapêuticas (Assistentes Sociais, Psicólogos(as) e Monitor(a)) e onze pessoas internadas entre as cinco Comunidades Terapêuticas. Como metodologia de pesquisa adotou-se a Grounded Theory (Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados) e como instrumento de recolha foram utilizados três tipos de entrevistas: uma para os(as) profissionais do Estado da Bahia; uma para os(as) profissionais das Comunidades Terapêuticas e outra para os(as) internos(as). Construídas especificamente para esta investigação, com escopo de analisar: o início de uso das substâncias psicoativas, processo de acesso e aquisição das drogas, as violências sofridas e praticadas, políticas públicas sobre drogas desenvolvidas no Brasil e as vivências em Comunidades Terapêuticas e os contextos relacionais. Os principais resultados revelam que: o início do uso de substâncias psicoativas sofre grande influência de grupos de amigos/pessoas da intimidade, despertando a curiosidade; que as maiores violências (físicas e psicológicas) e práticas de delitos ocorrem na busca das substâncias psicoativas; as pessoas estão mais sujeitas às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs/AIDS) por terem seus corpos transformados em “moeda de troca” e negligenciarem em medidas de segurança (por exemplo: uso de preservativos); as mulheres estão sujeitas à gestação indesejada ou não planejadas; a necessidade de adequação das políticas públicas sobre drogas e as Comunidades Terapêuticas. Apesar das críticas, são equipamentos de importância, para os Governos (Brasil e Portugal) como políticas de enfrentamento a dependência das drogas.
Inserted in the research line Family in the Social Sciences, this doctoral research deals with narratives of trajectories of people using drugs institutionalized in Therapeutic Communities in Brazil and Portugal. The historical-geographical cut is shaded by the years 2014 to 2017, with residents in the State of Bahia-BR and in the city of Porto-PT. It was observed, through a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews, that vulnerabilities can be aggravated by drug use, interfering significantly in family, social and life projects. This put, this doctoral thesis aims to describe and analyze the history of life referring to a group of people who consumed crack and other drugs until joining Therapeutic Communities (CTs). It was elaborated through a bibliographical review and field research in five Therapeutic Communities. The interviews were: three professionals from the Government of the State of Bahia from the areas of Human Rights and drugs, six professionals from the Therapeutic Communities (Social Assistants, Psychologists, and Monitor (a)) and eleven people interned among the five Therapeutic Communities. Grounded Theory (Data Based Theory) was used as research methodology and three types of interviews were used as a collection tool: one for the professionals of the State of Bahia; one for the professionals of the Therapeutic Communities and another for the interns. Specifically constructed for this research, with scope to analyze: the beginning of use of psychoactive substances, process of access and acquisition of drugs, violence suffered and practiced, public policies on drugs developed in Brazil and experiences in Therapeutic Communities and relational contexts . The main results reveal that: the beginning of the use of psychoactive substances is influenced by groups of friends / people of intimacy, arousing curiosity; that the greatest violence (physical and psychological) and practices of crimes occur in the search for psychoactive substances; people are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections (STIs / AIDS) because their bodies have become a "bargaining chip" and neglect security measures (eg, use of condoms); women are subject to unwanted or unplanned pregnancies; the need for adequacy of public policies on drugs and the Therapeutic Communities. In spite of the criticisms, they are important equipment, for the Governments (Brazil and Portugal) like policies of facing the dependence of the drugs.
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Smith, Nathan J. "Does Video Game Content Matter? An Examination of Two Competing Ideas." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6026.
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The current paper addresses the associations between video game content (i.e., physically aggressive, relationally aggressive, and prosocial) and physical aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in two distinct developmental periods. The purpose of the paper is to test whether playing video games with a particular type of content influences behaviors over time, or whether individuals who have higher levels of physical aggression, relational aggression, or prosocial behavior prefer to play games with similar content. Two theories will be simultaneously examined and tested in order to determine the relative merit in using each in research examining the relationships between video game content and positive and negative behaviors. More specifically, this paper will address the General Aggression Model/General Learning Model (GAM/GLM) and the Uses and Gratification Theory. The GAM/GLM, at their core, predict that exposure to video game content will build a cognitive schema which will guide how an individual should behave when confronted with a later social encounter (Anderson & Bushman, 2002). Contrarily, Uses and Gratification would suggest that a person chooses to play video games with a particular type of content, and that video games should not influence behavior. Specifically, according to the theory, individuals should seek out video games in order to fulfill their inward feelings and motivations (e.g., an individual with aggressive tendencies would play games with more violent and aggressive content) (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1973; Whiting & Williams, 2013). A careful analysis showed a significant relationship between each type of video game content and its' corresponding behavior among adolescents, which supports the assumptions of the GAM and GLM. There was no relationship between video game content and behavior among preschoolers. With the exception of relational aggression of physically aggressive content, there was no support for Uses and Gratification Theory, in that preschoolers' and adolescents' levels of physical aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior were not related to the preference for video games with different types of content. The analysis adds significantly to the current literature by showing a relationship between video game content and behavior over a four year period.
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Moore, Adam Mousley. "Relational Diagnosis and Psychotherapy Treatment Cost Effectiveness." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2927.
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Despite a call by researchers for estimates of the treatment clinical and cost effectiveness for relational problems, very little has been done to answer this call. The present study is an examination of actual treatment costs and recidivism rates for patients treated for a relational problem (either in individual or conjoint therapy sessions) in the CIGNA network. Despite the fact that this study compares treatment provider cost-effectiveness for treating relational problems, analyses do not control for average amounts paid by provider license type. Policymakers and third-party payers may use such clinical-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness data to make decisions regarding treatment of relational problems and funding allocation. The present study is also the first to compare the costs of couples therapy versus family therapy for relational problems.
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Cramer, Christine Marie. "Relational Aggression/Victimization and Depression in Married Couples." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5664.
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The current study investigates the correlates of partner-directed relational aggression in married couples. In particular, this study looks at the connection between romantic relational aggression and the personal outcome of depression. Both the experience of victimization and perpetration of romantic relational aggression are considered. Victimization may be linked to depression through the concept of the “looking glass self” and reflected appraisals. Aggression, in contrast, may be linked to depression through dissatisfaction with one’s own aggressive tendencies in the relationship and a lack of “relational self-esteem”. Couples who completed the RELATE assessment were asked to report on their partner’s engagement in relationally aggressive strategies (both the love withdrawal and social sabotage subtypes) toward them. These scores were then used to predict self-reports of depression of both spouses. Bivariate correlations showed, with only one exception, that all aggression strategies were modestly yet significantly correlated with depression for aggressors and victims. In the SEM structural model, controlling for covariates, female love withdrawal was found to significantly predict male depression and male love withdrawal marginally predicted male depression. In this respect, victimization showed a stronger link to depression than aggression. There was no difference between social sabotage and love withdrawal in their predictive value. Women were found to report more aggression (of both subtypes) and depression. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Dalton, Hilary. "Exploring the Connections and Tensions Between Sacrifice and Self-Care as Relational Processes in Religious Families." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6680.
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The relational processes of sacrifice and self-care both influence every human relationship and as such, every human has to learn how to engage in them. Families are one of the many communities in which one must address sacrifice and self-care. This study provides a qualitative exploration of the relational processes of sacrifice and self-care among a sample of 198 highly religious (Abrahamic faiths) families. In-depth analyses explored motivations, types, and related family processes among family relationships. Five themes from the data about how families perceived and addressed the relational processes of sacrifice and self-care are discussed: (1) tensions between sacrifice and self-care, (2) motivations of sacrifice and/or self-care, (3) types of sacrifice, (4) types of self-care, and (5) processes in faith and family relationships. The ways that participants discussed struggling to address these processes are discussed along with why these ideas are important for marriages and families.
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Keister, Emily Kim. "Russian Parenting: Interactions with Relational Aggression over Time." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2183.
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The current study considers Russian parenting (psychological control) and child relational aggression across a decade. We used parent and child driven path analyses to test whether peer-directed and romantic relational aggression is associated with psychological control both concurrently as well as longitudinally. Using AMOS, parent and child driven models were compared and the parent driven models were found to have more significant concurrent and longitudinal linkages. Maternal psychological control was significantly stable over time; relational aggression was also stable over time for girls. Maternal psychological control at Time 1 was associated with relational aggression for girls at Time 1 and with peer-directed and romantic relational aggression for boys and girls at Time 2. Paternal psychological control was also associated with relational aggression for boys and girls at Time 2. Consistent with previous research, psychological control is particularly associated with relational aggression.
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Babineaux, Lauren, Elizabeth Ledet, Brennan Higginbotham, and Sun-A. Lee. "Helicopter Parenting and College Students' Relational/Social Aggression." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/3.
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The current study will examine the dynamics among helicopter parenting, college students’ psychosocial outcomes, such as self-esteem, depression, and relational/social aggression. Helicopter parenting is commonly defined as parental over-involvement to their children’s live, which can negatively affect children’s self-esteem and depression self-efficacy since helicopter parenting, in general, is argued as not developmentally appropriate parenting for young adult children. The current study specifically will examine whether college student’s self-esteem and depressive symptoms would mediate helicopter parenting and children’s being relational/social aggression toward peers. The study uses about 208 undergraduate students at one of major universities in southern region in the U.S.
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Kimball, Elisabeth R. "How Receiving and Providing Relational Compensators and Religious Expectations Influence Religious Experiences." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8486.
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Much research has been done on the concept of why people remain religious, formulating Rational Choice Theory. This involves the idea of compensators and religious expectations. In addition, other research and subsequent theories go into the duality of religious expectations and relational compensators—these relational compensators include love, support, forgiveness, and kindness from others. However, research has rarely explicitly explored what reportedly encourages individuals to stay in religious institutions despite religious demands. Through qualitative interviews with 198 highly religious families, this study analyzed the various expectations and demands individuals and families encounter, as well as the relational blessings they report receiving as a result of their religiosity. Findings indicate a complex connection between religious expectations and relational compensators, where some expectations are relational and may provide blessings for individuals who follow them. These findings indicate that some highly religious individuals do not view fulfilling certain religious expectations as a sacrifice. More research should be done to better understand why religious individuals of varying levels of religiosity remain religious as well.
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Meek, Gregory Scott. "Exploring relational processes in families of gay youth." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154133.
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Martin, Matthew P. "The Hurtful Relationship: A Longitudinal Study of Relational Aggression and Physical Health in Marriage." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2198.
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Previous literature has examined the link between overt marital conflict and physical health and found that negative interactions in marriage may lead to poorer health. Moreover, recent studies have identified relational aggression as a type of covert marital conflict. However, none have tested for effects of relational aggression on physical health in marriage. The purpose of this research is to further study this type of conflict by examining longitudinal dyadic data to determine how subtle, indirect marital conflict like relational aggression affects the health of spouses. Data from 316 couples, from the first two waves of the BYU Flourishing Families Project, were examined using structural equation modeling. The main finding of this study was that wives who withdraw support and affection from their husbands may experience poorer health a year later. This partner affect was not found to be true for husbands. Clinical implications are discussed, as well as recommendations for future research.
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Baxter, Kathleen Diane. "The Relationship Between Frequency of Incest and Relational Outcomes with Family-of-Origin Characteristics as a Potential Moderating Variable." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3923.
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As we examined research on the relational effects of incest on survivors, several researchers noted that some of the negative outcomes may be moderated by certain family characteristic variables. Using RELATE data, we examined a subsample of females and males who reported being survivors of incest in childhood and compared them on key family-of-origin processes such as mother and father's marital satisfaction as well as family violence. We used a path analysis to determine whether family processes, specifically functional parents' marriage and low physical violence, moderate the relationship between incest and marital quality in adulthood. Functional family-of-origin processes significantly moderated the relationship between sexual child abuse and adult marital quality for female survivors (β = -.55, p <.001) and for male survivors (β = -.43, p <.001). Therapists who work with survivors of sexual abuse should not only recognize the effects of childhood sexual abuse on individual and relational functioning, but should also recognize the familial context in which the incest occurred as well as the long-term relational effects on an adult survivor. The results of this study imply that family therapy should be part of the treatment and prevention of sexual abuse.
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Hawkley, Jennifer Nicole. "Romantic Relational Aggression in Parents and Adolescent Child Outcomes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3897.
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The purpose of this study was to examine marital romantic relational aggression in parents and its impact on adolescent relational aggression, adolescent romantic relational aggression, internalizing, and school engagement with self-regulation as a potential mediator. Gender differences were also examined. Adolescents were from 328 two-parent families in a large north-western city in the United States and were between 12 and 17 years of age (M=14.24, SD=1.00, 51% female) at time 4. All independent variables except adolescent self-regulation were measured at wave 4, and all adolescent variables were measured at wave 5. Results indicate that higher levels of romantic relational aggression from mother to father was directly related to higher relational aggression in girls and lower romantic relational aggression in boys one year later. Father romantic relational aggression was directly and negatively related to romantic relational aggression in girls one year later. Mother romantic relational aggression was indirectly related to all outcomes in females only, in the predicted directions, through adolescent self-regulation. Father romantic relational aggression was indirectly related, in the predicted directions, to relational aggression, internalizing, and school engagement in boys only. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Hughes, Anthony Allen. "The Relationship Between Couple Attachment and Sexual Satisfaction with Covert Relational Aggression as a Mediator: A Longitudinal Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2173.
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Using questionnaires, self report, and partner report of spouse, this longitudinal investigation examined the relationship between couple insecure attachment, covert relational aggression, and sexual satisfaction of each partner one year after their initial assessment, while controlling for sexual satisfaction at the time of our initial assessment. Findings showed that wives were more impacted by both actor and partner effects of covert relational aggression. Wives' sexual satisfaction was predicted by the increase in insecure attachment of both self and spouse through covert relational aggression. Wives insecure attachment did not cause a significant decrease in husbands' sexual satisfaction at time 2. Husbands were also impacted but to a lesser degree. An increase in husbands' insecure attachment showed a significant increase in husbands' covert relational aggression. The increase in his covert relational aggression did not, however, predict a significant decline in sexual satisfaction for husbands.
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Lund, Diane S. "Adolescent and parental perceptions of adolescent self-disclosure communication and relational satisfaction." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3666.
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As children approach adolescence, their communication relation&hip with their mothers and fathers undergoes significant transformation. Research has hitherto been conducted on family communication as an isolated variable. This study analyzed adolescent and parental perceptions of adolescent self-disclosure and relational satisfaction by adolescents and parents.
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Stinnette, Delinda. "Locus of control and adjustment to vision loss among people with Age Related Macular Degeneration." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/722.
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People aged 65 and older account for 12.8% of the population and for 30% of all visually impaired individuals. Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) has been identified as a significant public health issue, with a potential 8 million Americans at risk. While the literature supports a connection between LOC and adaptation to ARMD, there is a gap in the current literature supporting this relationship even when other factors are controlled (i.e. age, sex, education, type of ARMD, when diagnosed, the use of medical treatments, the use of visual assistance devices, participant engagement in rehabilitation, and depression). The present survey study used hierarchical regression to examine the relationship between LOC and adjustment to ARMD while controlling for these factors. A sample of 75 adults aged 60 and older diagnosed with ARMD for at least 6 months completed the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale-Form C (MHLC), the Adaptation to Age-Related Vision Loss Scale (AVL) and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS). LOC accounted for 30% of the variance in adjustment beyond what was explained by the control variables, with higher internal LOC being associated with greater adaptation to loss. The present results add to the existing literature and enhance social change initiatives by guiding the development of interventions to mitigate the difficulties experienced by people with ARMD, reduce their dependency on others, and improve their ability to maintain their quality of life.
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Eliason, Sarah Annis. "The Mediating Role of Relational Aggression Between Neuroticism and Couple Attachment and Relationship Quality in Long-Term Committed Relationships." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6698.
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Much of the literature regarding relational aggression in romantic relationships has focused on the behaviors and outcomes of the actor and victim independently. Additionally, the relationships studied usually cover emerging adult samples, and rarely expand to long-term committed relationships, such as cohabiting or married couples. In this paper I sought to determine if relationally aggressive behaviors in long-term committed relationships over time resulted as a function of individual predictors (e.g. neuroticism), or as a process of couple interactions (e.g. couple attachment); and how these traits directly and indirectly (through relational aggression) influenced relationship quality. An Actor Partner Independence Model (APIM) was run using 1,558 individuals from the RELATE study. Anxious attachment was the strongest predictor of relational aggression. For both men and women, participating in relationally aggressive behaviors had a direct influence on their own relationship quality. Anxiously attached partners were more likely to be relationally aggressive and to have more relationally aggressive partners. Female, as well as male, relational aggression partially mediated the link between male and female anxious attachment, and female relationship quality. For men, only their own relational aggression mediated the link between male and female anxious attachment, and their own relationship quality.
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Alsulami, Abdulwahab M. "Examining Online Communication Attitude and its Antecedent Factors on Relational Closeness among Purely Online Friendships in Saudi Society." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1554175691616345.
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Meng, Karl Nathan. "Couple Implicit Rules for Facilitating Disclosure and Relationship Quality with Romantic Relational Aggression as a Mediator." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3836.
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This study examines the association between couple implicit rules related to facilitating disclosure and marital quality with husband and wife romantic relational aggression as potential mediators. Couples (N-353 couples) who participated in the Flourishing Families Project, reported on their use of couple implicit rules related to disclosure. Results indicated that implicit rules for couple disclosure were positively related to marital quality for both husbands and wives. Those couples who reported more use of implicit rules related to disclosure were also likely to use less romantic relational aggression. In turn, both husband and wife romantic relational aggression was negatively related to their own as well as their partner's marital quality. Romantic relational aggression was a significant mediator between couple implicit rules for disclosure and marital quality for both husbands and wives. Implications for marital therapy are discussed.
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Okhotnikov, Ilya A. "PATHWAYS FROM RELIGIOSITY TO COUPLE’S SATISFACTION THROUGH RELATIONAL VIRTUES AND EQUALITY IN TWO CULTURES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/67.
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To explore relational processes of couple’s satisfaction this study drew on the relational spirituality framework (Mahoney, 2010) in order to test a relational religiosity model to evaluate the effects of public, private, ideological, intellectual, and experiential religiosity that were mediated by relational virtues of commitment, sacrifice, forgiveness, and sanctification and relational equality on couple’s satisfaction in two cultures. Data for this component used convenience samples of English-speaking respondents (hereafter American sample; n = 1,529) and Russian-speaking respondents (hereafter Russian sample; n = 529). Results provided evidence to partially support relational religiosity model; specifically commitment, while a statistically significant intervening element, worked alongside other relational virtues such as (a) sanctification, as hypothesized, to positively mediate the indirect effect of ideological religiosity on couple’s satisfaction for the American men, (β = .17, 95% BCa CI [.11, .24], p < .001); (b) sanctification, as hypothesized, to positively mediate the indirect effect of experiential religiosity for the Russian men (β = .39, 95% BCa CI [.12, .65], p = .002); and (c) sacrifice and forgiveness, contrary to the hypotheses, to negatively mediate the indirect (β = -.20, 95% BCa CI [-.35, -.06], p = .005) and total (β = -.27, 95% BCa CI [-.43, -.12], p = .001) effects of ideological religiosity on couple’s satisfaction among Russian women.
The second approach to this topic followed the family systems perspective, to examine the effect of religiosity on respondents’ own and their partners’ satisfaction with the relationship via the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006). This dyadic approach used samples of 435 American couples (n = 870) and 129 Russian couples (n = 258). The results provided evidence to support an actor effect of husbands’ religiosity on their own couple’s satisfaction for the American (t = 2.00, p = .046, β = .15, 95% CI [.01, .29]) and Russian (t = 3.65, p < .001, β = .45, 95% CI [.21, .70]) husbands. Moreover, APIM testing provided sufficient evidence to support a positive partner effect in that husband’s religiosity predicted their wives’ satisfaction with the relationship in the American (t = 2.06, p = .041, β = .17, 95% CI [.01, .33]) and Russian (t = 2.77, p = .006, β = .37, 95% CI [.11, .64]) couples. The parallels between the cultures strongly resembled existing cross-cultural dyadic scholarship providing compelling evidence to support cultural similarities rather than differences and suggesting that cross-cultural relational dissimilarities might not exist in the ways religiosity is linked to couple’s satisfaction; however, the differences between male and female respondents in each culture might be worth studying further. Additionally, this dissertation’s results and scholarship mentioned above reveal that religiosity and couple’s satisfaction may be indifferent to cultural variations suggesting these phenomena may be universal rather than culture-specific. Outcomes of this dissertation may benefit researchers, educators, policy makers, and practitioners who are interested in relationship virtues and religiosity's effect on couple’s satisfaction, which is known to provide a positive connection to the psychological, social, physical, and spiritual well-being of couples.
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Price, Amber A. "How Does External Referencing Define Sense of Self and Link to Relational Well-Being?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8900.
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As individuals develop, it is natural to reference social situations to learn about the self. Even as adults, some learning about the self comes from interactions with others. However, when adults consistently allow others to define their sense of self, their focus may shift away from connection and intimacy toward external factors. No studies have examined how allowing others to define the sense of self is associated with intimacy and satisfaction in relationships. Using structural equation modeling, this study examined whether allowing others to define the self is associated with a decrease in emotional intimacy, relational satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction and whether this relationship might be mediated by sense of self. I used a sample (n = 421) of U.S. adults in committed sexual relationships. Three common ways of allowing others to define the self—emotional fusion, externalized self-perception, and social comparison—were considered relative to the relational outcomes. Gender differences in the model were also considered. Results showed a negative association between all three ways of allowing others to define the self and all three relational outcomes for men, and negative associations between emotional fusion and externalized self-perception and all three relational outcomes for women. These associations were mediated by sense of self such that those who reported allowing others to define the self, also reported a weaker sense of self. Having a strong sense of self was positively associated with emotional intimacy, relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. This indicates that looking to outside sources to define the self may hinder intimacy and satisfaction in relationships. Further implications are discussed.
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Clifford, Charity Elaine. "Attachment and Covert Relational Aggression in Marriagewith Shame as a Potential Moderating Variable: A Two Wave Panel Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3628.
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Using a two-wave APIM Structural Equation Model, this study investigated how husband and wife attachment styles predict husband and wife covert relational aggression one year later with husband and wife shame as potential moderating variables. Data was taken from 308 married couples in waves three and four of the Flourishing Families project using self-report and partner report of spouse questionnaires. Findings showed that an individual's attachment insecurity predicts their use of relational aggression. Wives' relational aggression is predicted by an increase in husbands' relational aggression. An increase in wives' insecure attachment had less of an impact on husbands' relationally aggressive behavior. Shame predicts the use of relational aggression. Shame moderates some of the actor and partner relationships, showing that in certain cases, as shame increases the relationship between attachment strategy and relational aggression also increases. Clinicians are advised to assess and treat partners as a couple as one partner's attachment and shame may affect the other's behavior, and those high in shame and insecure attachment are more likely to use covert relational aggression.
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Gordon, Nicole R. "Cooking with Couples: A Grounded Theory Study on the Relational Aspects Found in the Cooking Interactions of Couples." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/46.
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Cooking is a universal activity which all humans can relate to on some level. Historically, cooking has continued to connect people across cultures and time, simultaneously providing nutritive sustenance as well as socio- and psychological benefits. Medical and mental health practitioners only in recent years have utilized cooking in a therapeutic process, and most of those cooking activities available tend to focus on cooking from an occupational and nutrition-education stance. A gap in the literature pertaining to cooking and its therapeutic applications exists around the relational nature underlying the cooking process, especially as it pertains to couples. While marriage and family therapists have used a number of creative experiential modalities in therapy for years, such as art and music therapy, cooking has been especially underutilized in comparison, despite its therapeutic and relational applicability. Therefore, this study was conducted to offer a foundation for understanding how the interactions in a kitchen can highlight relational elements between people.
Eight couples (16 participants) who have lived together for at least two years and who cook together often were interviewed in their homes. A constructivist grounded theory methodology was used for this study, and subsequent to data analysis, a three-part theory describing the relational components of couple’s cooking interactions emerged, called The Couple’s Cooking Triad. The theory is made up of Relationship Skills, Emotional Connections, and Languaging. Results from this study, organizing the complex interactions of couples in a kitchen, indicate further use by marriage and family therapists in an experiential therapeutic capacity.
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Marshall, Shawna J. "Interactions Among Italian Preschool-Age Children: Aggression, Victimization, and Sociometric Status." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/920.
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This study examined social interactions between Italian preschoolers based upon sociometric status groupings. The sample consisted of 267 Italian preschoolers (mean age 64 months) taken from early childhood classrooms in southern Italy. Drawing on previous research, preschoolers' physical and relational aggression and physical and relational victimization as measured by peer nominations were analyzed. Structural equation modeling using Mplus was used to test the model, and SPSS 15 was used to run analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to examine the interaction between sociometric status and preschoolers' behaviors toward peers. Findings generally support previous research with American children as well as cross-cultural research regarding physical and relational aggression, victimization, sociability, and sociometric status groupings. Results indicate that popular children displayed high levels of social behavior, low levels of aggression, and experienced little victimization, while rejected children demonstrated high levels of aggression and victimization and low levels of social behavior. The most striking finding was that controversial children, similar to rejected children, showed high levels of aggression and victimization. Gender differences indicated that boys were more relationally and physically aggressive and victimized than girls, with the exception of controversial status girls.
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Gerhardt, Clara, Kristie Chandler, and Celeste Hill. "Collaborative Teamwork: For Better or For Worse." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2018/schedule/15.
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This poster presentation describes the group dynamics within a collaborative learning setting. In the Parenting class, which is a requirement within the Human Development and Family Science major, students are encouraged to choose their own groups which will then function as family units for the duration of the semester. The learning principle behind these team exercises is twofold: on the one hand the groups have to cover curricular material and access information related to best parenting practices. On the other hand, by being part of a group themselves, they have to reflect on the challenges that may occur within family units, and this entails meta-cognition. The groups have to collaborate to complete tasks similar to the way families deal with real-life challenges. One of the first tasks concerns parenting techniques in the case of disruptive behavior of children. The groups have to access best parenting practices and resources by accessing sites that list and describe evidence based parenting programs. They have to find best outcomes as a family, and outline the appropriate parenting techniques. It becomes apparent to group members that a family unit has a permanence that has to be accepted, respected, and used a as tool. Not exiting from a group necessitates negotiating skills, display of mutual acceptance and collaboration. The instructor of the class has been trained in the basics of group dynamics, and serves as a resource to guide the students; and can comment on the observed process. Theoretically groups are predicted to go through phases of forming, norming, storming, performing and ultimately adjourning, first described by Tuckman (1965). This sequence is illustrated with descriptions of real-life events occurring in the classroom. When students choose their own groups, the underlying learning principle is to make them responsible for their choices and deal with the unanticipated surprises and challenges. This strategy is intentional. Inevitably, during the semester, cracks appear in these happy units, and students complain that they cannot work in this group, or with that person. When there is dissent in the group, it also provides the perfect learning opportunity. Dynamics of dissent can occur in any group, including family groups. Students are reminded that family groups have permanence and in a similar fashion they cannot change their groups once they have chosen them. Hence the focus shifts to finding techniques and ways of restoring the group homeostasis and thereby implied functioning. In doing so, students are encouraged to follow several steps: one is to understand their group’s behavior according to a systems approach and becoming acquainted with systems theory. Subsequently they need to find ways to resolve the conflict in a respectful manner and become productive. Students realize the parallel between their functioning as a group and many parenting situations. As part of the conflict resolution they need to implement structure in combination with the welcoming qualities of nurture. The student working groups find that just like families, they ultimately have to display constructive coping strategies to support group cohesion and functionality.
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Opper, Candace Jane. "Carry That Weight." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1210.
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This creative personal essay examines the long-term effects of surviving a friend's adolescent suicide. The piece begins with the story of the narrator's suicide loss, and subsequently follows her on a quest to understand her grief. She explores cultural perceptions of suicide in America, such as the dialogue around suicide, suicide prevention objectives, the suicide survivor experience, suicide tourism, and media responses to suicide--all reflecting her relationship to the subject. In the end, the narrator returns to the place where her quest began, carrying the wisdom she has gleaned from her inquiries.
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Bikhazi, Sacha Leah. "Understanding Psychological Control Through Differences Between Shame and Disappointment: Implications for Childhood Agression." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/822.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the potentially unique roles that parental use of two psychological control dimensions, shame and disappointment, play in predicting children's relational and physical aggression. It was additionally of interest to investigate whether warm/involved parenting would moderate the effects of these forms of psychological control on both types of childhood aggression. Based on a review of literature, it was hypothesized that parental use of shame would positively predict aggression in children, whereas parental use of disappointment would not be significantly associated with childhood aggression. Additionally, it was hypothesized that warm, involved parenting would have varied interactions with shaming and disappointment. Specifically, it was expected that warmth and involvement would exacerbate the aversive affects of shaming (leading to more child relational aggression), but that warmth and involvement would enhance the effect of disappointment to curtail relationally aggressive behavior. The participants were 217 fourth grade children (100 boys, 117 girls) and their parents (184 fathers, 216 mothers) from two school districts in an urban, moderate-sized community in the Western United States. Separate regression models were conducted for pairs of psychologically controlling and positive parenting dimensions in order to test for the main effects of the variables and also potential interaction effects. Additionally, this study explored the interactions between warm/involved parenting and shame and disappointment as they affected childhood aggression. To a large extent, the hypotheses were confirmed. In line with expectations, parental use of shame was significantly and positively associated with both physical and relational aggression, whereas disappointment was not. Interestingly, mothers' use of shaming significantly predicted relational aggression in all models for both boys and girls, whereas physical aggression was predicted only twice, once in the mother-son dyad and once in the father-daughter dyad. Two forms of warmth and involvement emerged in exploratory factor analysis: expressive warmth and supportive involvement. These positive parenting dimensions demonstrated very few main effects and only one significant moderating effect, which was on the relationship between shame and physical aggression. Specifically, post hoc analysis showed that fathers' use of shaming significantly and positively predicted boys' physical aggression only when supportive involvement was low. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Kersting, Karen E. "THE TICKING OF THE “BIOLOGICAL CLOCK”: WORRY ABOUT FUTURE FERTILITY IN NULLIPAROUS WOMEN." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3903.
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Abstract
Title: The Ticking of the “Biological Clock”: Worry about Future Fertility in Nulliparous Women
By: Karen Kersting, M.A., M.S.
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013.
Major Director: Kathleen M. Ingram, J.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Modern women are waiting until later in their lives to have children than women of previous generations, a trend influenced by a number of factors including financial stability, dating norms, and career goals and responsibilities. As women age, their fertility may decline in ways that make it less likely that they will be able to become pregnant and increase the odds having a child born with a birth defect. Some women are known to experience worry about whether they will be able to become pregnant when they are ready to try. The primary purpose of this study was to assess how much women are worrying, what demographic and cultural factors predict higher levels of worry, and if worry about future fertility is related to symptoms of distress. Through online recruitment, 598 nulliparous women between the ages of 25 and 40 years completed a cross-sectional, self-report survey. Mean scores on measures of future fertility worry revealed a low-to-moderate, but consistently present level of worry. As hypothesized, multiple regression analysis showed that higher levels of endorsement of the personal importance of motherhood were related to higher levels of future fertility worry, as was age and the interaction of age and importance, but to a lesser extent. Knowledge of fertility was not related to increased worry. Additionally, higher levels of future fertility worry were shown to be related to higher levels of symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiety. And an open-ended question revealed that women hold a variety of reasons for not wanting to become pregnant presently, including career, relationship, and financial concerns. Overall, the study contributes rigorous findings to a previously unstudied research question and population: How much do nulliparous women who have not experienced infertility worry about their fertility? And what influences that worry? The findings imply that media, researchers, practitioners, the general public, and even women themselves may have held errant assumptions about the thoughts and feelings of nulliparous women, and that worry about fertility is complex, generally moderate, and closely related to personal values.
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Drew, David, and Jessica Banks. "RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: AN EXPLORATION OF RELUCTANCE AMONG PRACTITIONERS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/858.
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Across the United States, an overwhelming majority of the population claim that religion and spirituality beliefs shape their worldview and assist in coping with life stressors. Yet, the literature has shown that mental health practitioners reported discomfort integrating religion and spiritually in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to explore whether license-holding mental health professionals in Southern California develop reluctance toward addressing religion/spirituality with their clients. Through snowball sampling, 52 clinicians composed of social workers, counselors, marriage and family therapists, nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists were recruited across Southern California (N =52). The participants were measured descriptively based on (a) confidence in their ability to integrate client beliefs into treatment and (b) their comfort discussing topics related to RS with their clients. Results revealed an overall level of reluctance ranging from 15 percent (for comfortability) to 25 percent (for ability) among the study participants. Licensed clinical social workers reported slightly lower reluctance level than other licensed professionals. Implications of the findings were discussed.
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Humphrey, Branna. "It’s Not All ACEs: The Role of Negative Parental Influences and Criminal Thinking in Juvenile Offending Behaviors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3889.
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The role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and criminal thinking in causing criminal behavior has been explored extensively in criminal justice research. Based on the concepts of ACEs and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Scale, the negative parental influences and criminal thinking styles of 1,354 juvenile offenders were examined to establish that negative parental influences and criminal thinking are separately associated with juvenile problem and offending behavior, and that criminal thinking mediates the relationship between negative parental influences and juvenile problem and offending behavior. Analyses showed support for criminal thinking as a pathway from negative parental influences to juvenile problem and offending behavior. Focuses for juvenile offender intervention programs are suggested.
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Wheeler, Patricia R. "Love On - The Life of a Suicide Survivor: A Performance Autoethnographic Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3045.
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Suicide touches the lives of millions of people each year in this country alone, yet conversations about suicide loss and survival after a loss remain taboo and often do not happen. The story I performed for this performance autoethnographic study centers on my life as a survivor of suicide. It provides a starting point for dialog regarding trauma, grief, and suicide loss. The narrative was constructed directly following the sudden death of my father, which had a direct effect on my ability to produce artistic work. The development, staging and performance of the story were altered to account for the situational depression I experienced during my creative process.
I received feedback from the audience on what aspects of my telling were well developed, and what needed further development. I was able to experience the importance of balance in an autoethnographers personal life when writing about trauma and experiencing it directly.
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Nichols, Bridget M. Satinover. "Exploring and Explaining Consumer Competition: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding the Phenomenon." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/832.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the phenomenon of “consumer competition.” The overarching objective is to help researchers and marketing practitioners understand how the phenomenon is created, how consumers experience competition, and to begin to inspect its effects. Consumer competition is defined as the active processes of striving against others for the acquisition of a consumption object. To date, this phenomenon has been under-researched, despite its prevalence in many marketing and consumer-related domains.
An extensive literature synthesis provides the foundation for understanding competition and competitiveness in general from a multi-disciplinary perspective. Based on the synthesis of literature and respective theory, this research contends that a scarcity effect contributes to consumer competition. It also contends that competitive situations may be purposely created by retailers, who may or may not understand its benefits and/or consequences to the people involved.
This dissertation examines the phenomenon in two manners. First, an exploratory study seeks to enrich our understanding of how consumers experience competition in a retail setting. Employing the grounded theory method, researching participants engaged in a competitive shopping context offers insight into the meaning of competition, the motivation for competing, the experiential components of competing, and the outcome of participating in a competitive shopping situation. Second, an experiment tests the influence of scarcity messages on consumers’ perceptions of a competitive purchase situation and the related purchase interest.
The results of the research are multi-faceted. It provides managerial insight into an effect of scarcity not yet examined: perceptions regarding the competitive nature of a purchase situation. This is an important distinction given the influence of perceptions on behavior. It also provides insight to enrich our understanding of how consumers engage in competitive shopping behavior and how they reflect on competitive situations in the retail domain.