Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relations extérieures – Afrique du Nord – Chine'
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Mei, Dan Michal. "Muddling through with Chinese characteristics : Beijing’s energy policy and its oil diplomacy in West Asia and North Africa." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0033.
Full textChina’s “energy diplomacy” has been the subject of much debate and controversy ever since the country became a net oil importer in 1993. Observers and analysts watched with unease as Beijing appeared to be unleashing its National Oil companies (NOCs) to compete for global oil resources and lock them up for China’s own use. China’s diplomacy has been said to be put to the service of its energy needs and ever since 1993 and oil supply security was deemed to be the utmost objective of foreign and strategic policy. This dissertation aims to challenge that view and to provide a new way of analysing the interactions between energy and diplomacy in China. It posits that the country’s overseas energy activities in the early 1990s were not the outcome of a comprehensive, rational plan devised in Beijing but rather the result of a series of incremental and disjointed policy steps taken by different actors, each pursuing their own goals and interests. It is the aim of this study to analyse how this energy diplomacy evolved by looking at the actors shaping it and the interactions between them: how did China’s overseas energy activities come about? What were their implications for China’s diplomatic strategy in the Middle East? How, and when, did oil security reach the top of the policy making agenda and what have been the main features of the policy process, from agenda setting to implementation? Is there a “Chinese grand strategy” for locking up oil? What are the tensions underlying China’s oil diplomacy?
Jiang, Chung-Lian. "La conception chinoise des relations avec l'Afrique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010315.
Full textAurégan, Xavier. "Géopolitique de la Chine en Côte d'Ivoire : la puissance chinoise à l'école ivoirienne et africaine." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/182189643#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFrom Adjamé trader, through the Embassy and finally to the public aid granted by the Chinese government, this thesis analyzes the Sino-African relations by the Ivory Coast’s prism, only allowed scale to highlight the plurality of the Chinese geopolitical issues and the actors integrated into this global China-Africa phenomenon. In Ivory Coast, since the 1983 bilateral recognition and its latent or manifest crisis, these elements are the production of knowledge and the decentralized cooperation (Think Tanks and twinning), institutional support and cooperation projects, trade and investment, relationships, representations, and finally actors and their games of a pragmatic Chinese power who is forging its African experiment through the case of the Ivory Coast
Wang, Yun Wen. "L'évolution de la diplomatie de la République populaire de Chine en Afrique : contribution à l'étude des processus décisionnels et des stratégies d'influence." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010326.
Full textSabeur, Cherif Khaled. "Le Maghreb dans les relations extérieures du Sénégal (1960-1980)." Paris, INALCO, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INALA001.
Full textLee, Chul-Ho. "Le développement régional autour du golfe du Bohai et du fleuve Tumen : régionalisme et coopération internationale en Chine du Nord et du Nord-Est." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0040.
Full textRamos, Sylvie. "La politique maghrébine de l'Espagne socialiste : 1982-1992." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D005.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the policies adopted by the spanish socialists towards the maghreb during the period 1982-1992. With this in mind, the first part is dedicated to the socialits planes in that zone, and to their ambitions as seen through analysis of party speeches. Parts 2 and 3 are based on two hypotheses: -on the one hand, especially since 1986, it is impossible to fear for spain's and the maghreb's relations on a strictly bilateral basis. We have to bear in mind the choices made in joining the eec, the preservation of the atlantic alliance and the consequences thereof. -on the other hand, in spite of the speeches on globalisation, the policies conducted by the maghreb countries is based on the very different treatment handed out to the various five members of the zone which in its own right poses problems of stability and of balance of power. Libya and mauretania are marginalized. Relations with tunisia arereduced to the essentials, only morocco and algeria seem to be esential partners to spain, albeit with a clear predominance on the moroccan side. Is there not a danger that the policies of the maghreb might be reduced simply to those of morocco ? The final title is a contrasted assessment of the achievements of the socialists. Very pragmatically, the socialists have managed to overcome much litigation, to institutionalize political links and to increase the economic dimension in the relati0ns between spain and the maghreb. Morocco has particularly benefited from this charge
Guessoum, Henia. "Organisation spatio-économique des relations entre l'Europe et le Maghreb." Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA0001.
Full textIn 2007, the European Union was extended to two new partners: Bulgaria and Romania. It currently constitutes a political and economical space of 27 states members. This extension represents a challenge as regards integration, which obliges the European Union to set up organizational strategies and spatial distributions of activities and wealth within itself. In this perspective, we seek to measure the evolution of the intensity and the impact of the trade flows involved in the globalization such as: trade flows, capital, information and foreign direct investments, etc. The economical, spatial and institutional interactions will be studied via econometric and gravity models. We will also study, the intra-European and extra-European exchanges limiting ourselves to the borders countries of Europe. We will privilege in particular the relationships between the European Union and the Maghreb countries. Indeed, these relationships deeply evolved in the middle of the years 1990. This evolution was translated into the introduction of association agreements, which the centerpiece is the progressive institution of a free trade area. Both parties foreseeing particularly a reciprocal tariff dismantling taking account of the economical situation of these countries, main Maghreb exports benefit from a free access to the European market, whereas the Maghreb tariff elimination is spreading over a maximum period of twelve years which would begin at the time of the agreements would come into effect
Kinana, Essaid. "Les relations inter-arabes : les rapports Maroc-Machrek." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10040.
Full textSeveral factors relating to common language, history and civilization link Morocco to Machrek and beyond, to the whole Arab community. This moral linking-up was made tangible by independent Morocco's adhering to the league of Arab states (institutional expression of the Arab world's unity). Within this organization in fact, Morocco was to lay down the main lines of its Arab policy, earmarked by great moderation. Such policy, as well, found, at the Arab summit conferences, the ideal framework for making its dynamic action tangible of Moroccan diplomacy within the Arab system. However, if its multilateral relations (permanent and intermittent) with the whole Arab world have been inspiring its bilateral relations, noticeably with the states of the Arab middle-east, other factors have been intervening to Orientale the latter. Among these factors, the analysis of internal determinators has been stressed linked to tensions within the Moroccan political system and this in relation to the country's territorial integrity. The impact of these factors on the orientation of morocco-Machrek bilateral political relations (and in a general way on Moroccan foreign policy) has been conclusive. Such orientations have had very real repercussions on the cultural, economic and financial relations between morocco and each of the states in the region. The evolution of these relations and their future have been examined on the level of the second part of the present study
Makambo, Mafelly. "La rivalité sino-soviétique en Afrique : 1955-1988." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010266.
Full textSantos, Martins Verónica Borges dos. "L' européanisation de la politique étrangère de la France et du Portugal : le cas du Maghreb dans la construction d’une politique étrangère pour la Méditerranée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0034.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand how the interaction between the European and national levels may have an impact on French and Portuguese as well as European foreign policy outcomes with respect to Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, based on two case studies that focus on the external dimension of cooperation in immigration and fight against terrorism matters between 1995 and 2007. In the analysis of the problematic, we use in a complementary way interests, institutions and ideas as analysis variables and issues like the strategic interactions among actors and the weight of institutions on actors’ preferences and ideas. In the first part, we begin by considering the European Union’s foreign policy applying the analytical framework of Bretherton and Vogler, linked to the concept of « civilian power ». Based on the fact that France as well as Portugal have developed bilateral relations with the Maghreb countries, we also analyze the foreign policy of those state actors. In a second part, within the europeanisation conceptual framework and the new-institutionalism theoretical framework (historic, rational and sociological), both case studies show that national preferences are resistant to changes and that projection predominates. Nonetheless, they also reveal, on the one hand, reception through absorption namely in the crossloading movements and, on the other, the influence of international and domestic factors over the inflexions of national preferences
Abdeltif, Marroun. "L'affrontement entre européens et musulmans au sud de la Méditerranée occidentale aux XVe et XVIe siècle : l'échec de l'action ibérique au Maghreb." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO3A001.
Full textEl, Khalil Amina. "La politique extérieure des Etats-Unis vis-à-vis du Maghreb pendant les années Reagan." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030127.
Full textThis thesis shows that the relationships between the United-States and the Maghreb during the Reagan years reached an unprecedented level. This was due as much to the nature itself of Reaga’s foreign policy (re-establishment of the american leadership in the world, containment and roll-back of soviet influence, strengthening of alliances with allied countries, fight against international terrorism) as to the diversity of the Maghreb countries (monarchy in Morocco, socialist republic in Algeria, republic in Tunisia, Jamahirya, or "gathering of the masses", in Libya). In the U. S. Foreign policy, Maghreb appeared, in turn, as a mediator, an ally and a target. Algeria was the first to play a mediation role in 1980, when chosen by Iran to act as a go-between with the U. S. In the negotiation to free the american hostages. Then it was Morocco's turn, helped by Algeria and Tunisia, to be a mediator in the arab-israeli conflict (fez peace plan in 1982, Hassan II - Peres meeting in 1986). This resulted in a strengthening of the links between the U. S and these countries, as the secretary of state, Alexander Haig, was a firm believer of the strategic importance of the southern shore of the mediterranean sea. If the U. S. Had an obvious geopolitical interest in seeking alliances in this area (landing rights on Moroccan air bases, increased military assistance to Tunisia in order to contain Libyan expansionism), these countries also benefitted from them (for Morocco, military assistance and diplomatic support in the western Sahara conflict, for Tunisia, military assistance against Libyan expansionist views). Lastly, the increasing tensions between the U. S. And Libya resulted in Maghreb being a target during the american retaliatory air raids (operations prairie fire and el dorado canyon in 1986)
DIALLO, ABDRAMANE. "Les relations commerciales et diplomatiques entre l'occident chretien et le maghreb a la fin du moyen age (13e - 16e siecles)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010684.
Full textDurand, Stéphanie. "La Chine, nouvel acteur du développement en Afrique ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D018.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
CAMARA, SALOUM MOHAM. "La mauritanie et le maghreb : evolution des relations de 1970 a 1989." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010283.
Full textMauritania, turning point state between black africa and white africa, had been admitted in the 70s as full member in the arabian maghreb. In this entirety, where unity comes under the field of illusion, mauritania to have a successful integration has to privilege the construction of a modern state and the valorization of bilateral relations. However, mauritania, because of its procnastication reinforced by the western sahara war, never had managed a self-governing foreign policy in relation to algeria an marocco
Rossignol, Raphaël. "Dimensions stratégiques et sécuritaires de I'exploitation des ressources naturelles d'Afrique subsaharienne par la Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0140.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the economic and political relations between China and sub-Saharan Africa to the extent that they involve security issues. The selected angle is used to link three perspectives, starting from a classical approach measuring the real importance and describing the mechanisms of China-Africa economic relations. Then follows a more detailed discussion about the terms of the exploitation of African natural resources by Chinese publicly owned companies. Finally ensues an analysis of the role played by those of these Chinese enterprises that work in the defense industry at large. This thesis examines how China deploys strategic thinking around the competition between Beijing and the Western powers for the operation and control of African natural resources. In this context, the risks faced by Chinese companies are represented as well by the political instability of some of the countries where they operate, and by the interventions of foreign powers in these conflicts to protect competing interests of those in Beijing. These conflicts are indeed likely to break Chinese supplies to prevent Chinese companies to operate and even to overthrow or weaken political allies of Beijing. To counter those risks, China is increasing its military commitment to the continent by selling its trading partners defenses in the form of weapons and military training. These exchanges involve the Chinese defense industries, which are also conglomerates operating in the exploitation of natural resources. These companies are therefore at the heart of this competition between China and the Western powers, as part of their activities (arms transfers) is expected to offset the destabilization caused by the other party (the exploitation of natural resources)
Raissouni, Omar. "Financement et ajustement des comptes extérieurs : (étude centré sur les pays du Maghreb, 1974-1984)." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131000.
Full textThis study has shown, at last that the deconnexion of the external constraint from the internal ajustments, due to international indebtedness, has rapidily reached limits. These limits have forced the ldc's to adjust drastically their external accounts in order to adapt their needs to their importation capacity. Consequently, their economic growth have been affected negatively. In the maghreb countries, the limits of indebtedness have obliged these countries, one after the other, to adopt different adjustment policies. Morocco which has been the most affected by negative external chocs, has been also the first con fronted to the adjustment. The adjustment policies applied by these countries, have succeeded to reduce their external imbalances, but their economic growth as well as the living standard of the population, were notably affected, particularily in morocco were the adjustment has been the most drastic. In spite of that, the indebtedness level of these countries remain high. Consequently, the adjustment effort should be maintained, but this adjustment should be selective : elimination of wastes, wrestling against fiscal fraud and escape, reduction of expenses that have little effect of stimulating economic activity, particulary import-competing and exported oriented industries, finally increase of direct taxes contribution to the government revenues. More fundamentaly, however, in order to avoid deflationary adjustments and prepare the conditions of a sustainable growth in the long, these countries must elaborate a new policy of international insertion and engage in that way a structural adjustment process : exploration of the possibilites of new manufacturing exports development, stimulation of food production (above all cereals), development of local equipment goods production in order to break down the gearing between increase of industrial production and increase more then proportionally of equipment goods imports
Moujahid, Mohammed. "Recherches sur les causes juridiques et institutionnelles de la crise actuelle des relations entre la C. E. E. Et le Maghreb." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10043.
Full textThe relations between the european economic community and the maghreb have historical, cultural, economic as well as geopolitical foundations. The maghreb - e. E. C relations were institutionalized in 1976 according to the "comprehensive and balanced" mediterranean poli- cy adopted in 1972. Our analysis of maghreb - e. E. C relations shows the cooperation agreements to be wanting in many respects. But, on top of this, the policy of the european community tends to be more and more protectionist at the expense of maghreb interests and the consequences, in real terms, of spain and portugal joining the e. E. C have proved to be adverse to maghreb interests. It is in this unfavorable context that the e. E. C has decided to redifine its relations with the maghreb in accordance with the more general framework of a comprehensive regional approch extended to the whole of the mediterranean. Moreover, one is bound to admit that the community has gone even further than the stric- tly commercial approach which had presided so far over its relations with its partners. Hence, the getting together of the maghreb countries in economic cooperation would be not only a retaliation aining at a reneval of the relations but a positive step towards a more effective
Kouttroub, Smail. "Les relations euro-maghrébines à l'heure de la mondialisation et de l'élargissement à l'Est." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0604.
Full textThe project of thesis will try to analyze the current context of euro-maghrébines relations at one time when europe knows deep changes : enlargement in the East , project of European constitution , and his place on the international scene. These changes planned for 2004 with the adhesion of the Central and Easten European country as well as the dynamics initiated by globalization market economy, triumph over the values democrtaic , regional integration. . ) will not be without direct consequences on the the immediate neibourg of Europe : the Maghreb. This study will be devoted to the stakes , challenes and prospects wich globalization and enlargement in the East with the area maghrébine pose. Will be tackled as will the political and geostrategic , economic and culturel problems for that. We will finally try to analyse , one by one , the future scenarios of the euro--maghrébines relations per hour of gllobaliszation and enlargement of the Europeen Union
Abodohoui, Alexis. "Influence of Chinese management soft power on African skills development." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36633.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the Influence of Chinese management soft power on African skills development. The fundamental research question is: how were Africans who studied in China influenced by Chinese soft power? Have they developed managerial skills like Chinese managers or entrepreneurs? To answer these questions, the first article offers a synthetic perspective of the works done on China-Africa between 2014-2015. Based on this literature review, Chinese investments in Africa, the actors, and motivations, mode of entry, impacts and management challenges were analyzed in the light of theories in international management. This review offers new perspectives for exploring Chinese investments in African countries and contributes to the body of knowledge on Sino-African relations. In the second article, due to the growing integration of the two regions, a comparison of managerial practices between China and African countries was made. The purpose of this article is to facilitate this understanding through a critical analysis of the literature. Based on our analysis, some similarities and divergences related mainly to management foundations, managerial styles, networking and entrepreneurship were identified. The third article analyzes, through acculturation theory, the influence of Chinese culture on the managerial practices of Africans trained in China. Based on multiple linear regression, this article analyzes not only the effect of acculturation on the development of entrepreneurial capacities but also the moderating role of networking on the different on acculturation. As for the last article, it makes it possible to identify the managerial and entrepreneurial capacities developed by Africans during their stay in China. Using an interpretive methodological approach and based on the Soft Power theory, the themes that emerge from the cognitive repertoire of African managers and that reflect the capacities developed are: network development, risk-taking, optimism and pragmatism. The results of this study provide new perspectives for the exploration of Chinese soft power in Africa. They show that China does not only influence through aids, investments, economic model, etc. but it also inspires many countries due to its management ideas known as Chinese Management Soft Power. Keywords: managerial practices; soft power; African management; Chinese management; knowledge transfer; entrepreneurship, capacity building, cultural adaptation; investments.
Bassan, Martina. "Une vision chinoise sur l’Afrique : sociogenèse du champ d’expertise sur l’Afrique en Chine." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0039.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the evolution of China’s expertise of Africa and the rise of a champ of African studies “with Chinese characteristics” in the 21st century. From a historical perspective, the author investigates the origins and the development of China’s knowledge on Africa, in order to highlight how African studies in China went from being a marginal field of research in the 1950s to become a hot issue in the 2000 along with the development of China-Africa relations. From a sociological perspective, the author also investigates the evolving conditions and motivations of China’s Africa watchers. She shows how they have come to legitimize and diffuse their expertise vis-à-vis the Chinese government and to what extent their increasing professionalization has contributed to the rise of an epistemic community of China’s Africa Watchers. Finally, a study of their intellectual productions reveals that China’s Africa Watchers have been developing in the 21st century new strategies of intellectual interventions, in order to support China’s foreign policy by connecting Africa-China developmental initiatives to a broader “global perspective”, thus offering a realistic alternative to North—South patterns which dominate the liberal governance model. By investigating how knowledge is produced, assimilated and repackaged by the community of Chinese experts on Africa, this study not only explores the content and the characteristics of China’s knowledge of Africa, but it also highlights narrative patterns and the importance of storytelling as a source of power in the construction — or the contestation — of the relations between actors in the international system
Sijilmassi, Fath'Allah. "Les relations économiques entre l'Union européenne et le Maghreb : le libre échange est-il la solution ?" Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21050.
Full textMaataoui, Abderrahim. "Les enjeux du système financier marocain à l'aube du troisième millénaire." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0056.
Full textNachet, Mohamed. "Le Maghreb dans l'ordre mondial : de l'ancrage forcé au dépassement volontaire." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0034.
Full textMokhefi, Geist Mansouria. "Les Etats-Unis et la guerre d'Algérie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0016.
Full textMohamed. "La coopération CEE/Maghreb." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0027.
Full textHadjri, Bouhadjar. "Les enjeux de la coopération entre zones d’inégal développement : le cas du partenariat euro-méditerranéen." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21027.
Full textZouiri, Hassane. "Le partenariat euro-méditerranéen, contribution au développement du Maghreb : cas du Maroc." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0018.
Full textThe Mediterranean Region is more than ever a dedicated place where important questions about its own future are raised. Thus characterized by interdependant economic and cultural fields, the Mediterranean region deals more particularly with political, economic and cultural disparities. The preocuppying situation as well as the strategic role of the south mediterranean countries marked the starting point of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process), the said Declaration being adopted during the Conference in Barcelona held in November 1995. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership seemed to be a unique and ambitious initiative, which laid the foundations of a new regional relationship aimed at encouraging understanding between cultures and the definition of a common area of peace and stability through the reinforcement of political and security dialogue in order to promote economic and social relations between the peoples. A decade after, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership's assessment appears mitigated: on the one hand, concrete benefits have been achieved, however on the other hand the lack of progress on some critical areas has provoked insatisfaction and disappointment. This statement being agreed by all constitutes a real asset as for reforming and boosting the Barcelona Process which is a fundamental catalyst, pointing out the fact that the southern and eastern mediterranean countries are logically bound to provide all the requirements needed for their national development. In this respect, the South-South Integration, and more particularly the building of Maghreb Union, should be prescribed with acuteness. It shall be also stated that fighting injustice, reducing inequalities and including all the components of the society should become a condition of continuity and not of priority for any country. Providing sustainable development to the whole humanity can be reached only if all of these parameters are respected
Gaudreault, Francis. "Étude des investissements directs étrangers sud-africains et chinois en Afrique : Les préférences politiques et les implications idéologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29436/29436.pdf.
Full textHaddad, Afef. "Migrations internationales et libre-échange : caractéristiques particulières de l'émigration des compétences et importance de l'effort technologique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010025.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the analysis of the relationship between international migration and international trade paying attention to the special characteristics of the brainy migrants. The integration of the human capital externalities and social capital permitted to have considerable results in relation to international trade theory. Although international migration is often considered as a substitute for international trade in goods so that trade liberalization can be a solution for migration problems, in many important cases such as cross country differences in technology, migration costs and adjustment costs, it can be a complement for international flows of commodities. The aim of this thesis is to replace the theory of international migration among the recent developments of international trade by focusing on the special determinants of brain drain. The empirical analysis is focused on a survey of brainy migrants and foreign students in france
Bondaz, Antoine. "De l’insécurité à la stabilité : la politique coréenne de la Chine de 2009 à 2014." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0045.
Full textSince the financial and economic crisis of 2009, China's foreign policy has been presented as more assertive and likely to destabilize the Asia-Pacific region. However, using a neoclassic realist framework, we consider that because of an insecurity complex due to the lack of parity with the United States, China’s foreign policy is characterized by the implementation of a strategy of "maintaining stability" in the Korean peninsula in order to guarantee its continued ascent. China is facing a rise paradox, its capabilities are increasing but its insecurity is not reduced. Chinese academics emphasize the power gap with the United States, present their country as a fragile and partial power, and consider the US rebalancing strategy in the Asia–Pacific as a containment strategy. This insecurity complex leads China to avoid instability in the peninsula since it could provoke the collapse of the North Korean regime and open a Pandora's Box. From 2008, the Korean peninsula has become deeply unbalanced due to the political transition in Pyongyang, and the election of a conservative president in Seoul. China implements its stabilization strategy which results in an unconditional support to its neighbor at the expense of its relations with Seoul and Washington. The partial rebalancing between the two Koreas in late 2012 enables China try to weaken the US and Japanese influence in the region while maintaining its priority to stability. Beijing staged a tactical change following the third North Korean nuclear test, and adopts an equidistant Korea policy
Louati, Sami. "Les impacts de l'élargissement de l'Union Européenne sur les relations euro-méditérranéennes : le cas de la tunisie." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0861.
Full textThe Eastward enlargement of the European Union effective 1 May 2004 is seen by residents South of Mediterranean (including Tunisia) as a warning sign to their traditional relationships for decades with their Northern neighbor In their view, enlargement is pregnant benefice of dual nature : political, strategic and security (not military) on the one hand, and social, economic other, these beneficts bogged down the normal stat e of their relationships with the new Europe of 27. Which looks increasingly towards the East. Face that inevitable reality, the Maghreb countries ( including Tunisia) must urgently must find alternatives fruit of their South-South relations which remain suitable solution and perspective
Elmidaoui, Yassir. "Les relations Nord-Sud : le cas du partenariat euro-méditerranéen." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0302.
Full textAt the time of the extraordinary summit which proceeded in Barcelona in November 1995, twenty-five countries of the European Union and twelve Mediterranean countries decided to launch a euro-Mediterranean total partnership, the idea of the partners being to manage to turn a page of rupture which marked the relations between two banks during several years. Indeed, this bridge, set up on a sea where, on both sides, one attends a growing number of tensions and conflicts, constituted the single enclosure of dialogue and exchanges between the States of the Mediterranean basin. In spite of the domination of Europeans as regards decisions, this choice remains inescapable for the good neighborhood in the area. Any time, without a real engagement on behalf of the two Mediterranean partners, in particular the strong implication of the European Union to build a true project of regional integration, the euro-Mediterranean process is likely to be in the basket of the human history
Bokilo, Julien. "La stratégie de l'enracinement et ses conséquences sur le développement en Afrique, le cas de la Chine au Congo." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0111.
Full textThe transition, from an economic system based on autarky and central planning to a market system, has turned China into a communist country capitalism oriented, in which coexist billionaires and hundreds of thousands of laborers. To run this massive economic engine, China has developed and deployed a local implementation strategy in the African continent (as it provides access to raw materials) and has introduced this new collaboration as equally beneficial for each partner, in the words "win-win". The following report proposes to analyze the relevance of this economic exchange in the context of South-South asymmetric cooperation, bringing special focus on the case of Congo - Brazzaville since 1964. The ambition of this study is, on the one hand, to help the leaders of developing countries to improve their economic cooperation with developed or emerging countries and, on the other hand, to contribute to the debate on asymmetric exchange and its dynamics in economic cooperation between rich and poor countries. The challenge is to demonstrate the asymmetrical nature of trade between China and Africa and, particularly in the case of Congo, to point out the discriminating factor of the exchange: the lack of technology transfer and service clauses in most of the agreements and contracts signed between the Congo and China - while China imposes these specific clauses in the contracts signed with deve10ped countries, as in the purchase of Airbus aircraft. We will strive to understand how the transfer of technology influence the cooperation between the countries, bearing in mind that in the era of globalization, technology should play a major role in economic exchange
Thiollet, Hélène. "Migrations et intégrations dans le sud de la mer Rouge : migrants et réfugiés érythréens au Soudan, au Yémen et en Arabie Saoudite 1991-2007." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0055.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the role played by migrants and refugee from Eritrea in the evolution of international relations in the Arab world and on the political transformations in the countries of origin and the countries of asylum and immigration. Starting with individual itineraries and collective mobilization within diasporic communities, we describe the sociological functioning of migration networks around the Red sea. We compare this sociology of Eritrean migrations to the strategies and management devices used by States, governmental and inter-governmental organizations to control fluxes and diasporic communities. We reckon that migration policies and integration policies fail considering the resilience of the social and political processes favoring mobility and settlement of Eritrean abroad in the Arab world. We claim that mobility itself is a factor of political change in a context of low institutionnal integration and that migration, through social and informal way, provokes crucial political transformations at the national and regional level
Sodalo, Rosalie. "La recherche d'un équilibre entre l'investisseur chinois et l'Etat africain d'accueil de l'investissement." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010340.
Full textWestern media typically portrays Chinese presence in Africa unfavorably. Chinese are accused of impairing good governance, breaching local labour laws, and impeding the transfer of technologies. This PhD thesis examines these risks; including the Jack of transparency on the part of Chinese investors and the difficulties faced by African states in protecting their interests. Analysis of South African and Cameroonian legal systems shows that the degree of risk facing African countries depends greatly on local business laws. In addition, the thesis makes a point seldom raised in debates about China-Africa relations: Chinese direct investments need, more than western countries, to be secured. According to the author, this is for two reasons. Firstly, Sino-African legal and judiciary cooperation, compared to existing relationships between the West and Africa, is limited. Secondly, Chinese investments into Africa present unanticipated problems with private international law. Among others, determining applicable laws can be problematic in the event of a conflict between a Chinese investor and his African partner. In situations where risks are shared by both the Chinese investor and the African host state, the author addresses the limits of international investment law, as well as the failings of Sino-African bilateral investment treaties, and proposes solutions to balance the scales and mitigate risks
Hammamoun, Saïd. "La conditionnalité politique dans les accords d'association entre l'UE et les pays du Maghreb : contribution à l'étude d'une politique juridique de projection." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0728.
Full textThe object of this study aims to analyze the political conditionality as a legal policy of projection applied within the framework of the association agreements between the EU and the Maghreb countries (Barcelona process). It was focused on precise issue that related to ambiguities of the normative logic which underlies the European step in this area. Its analysis reveals, however, that the effectiveness of such a policy depends on the existence of a credible prospect able to give it signification, or else its implementation appears inconsistency and prolongs the debate on its legal validity (human rights clauses)This situation imposes from now on a redefinition of the partnership approach so that the Mediterranean identity of the EU's foreign relations is developed as a prospect different from accession but distinct from a simple externalisation of the EU's internal policies (cooperation in the fields of Justice and Home affairs). A clarification of the normativeness of such a policy seems an essential requirement. It goes from there the visibility of the EU's external relations at the time when it seems to be defined in normative power logic within the framework of its current borders (European neighbourhood policy)
Cho, Choonho. "Le problème de sécurité dans la zone du Pacifique du Nord-Est (1959-1978)." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30027.
Full textMost of the studies about the zone of north-eastern pacific and its future are made from an economical point of view. On the contrary, our analysis concerns to the political and military aspect. This is not the work of an archivist, but a synthesis which is supposed to be used as a practical tool for researchers interested in the evolution or in special facts of the international relations in the north-eastern pacific. We have shown this period's specificity, regarding the past other ones, in two ways, which are causally connected. The sino-sovietic conflict of 1960 on one side has shown that national peculiarities can change the nature of the communist system. Consequently, on the other side, americans started to think that the different communist systems could cancel each other out. This new conception can explain the easing of the relations between the usa and china (from 1959-1978) in order to neutralize north vietnam and ussr. As a consequence, and in spite of a certain expansion between 1959 and 1978 (but a weaker one than between 1945-1959), communism has been dismantled in asia. Although america is still the main foreign power in the region, the after cold war could make unuseful the system of military bases settled after 1945. Despite of their bad feelings about some aspects of the american policy, non-communist countries are still dependent on its military power. The american political power in pacific asia seems even stronger than some thirty years ago. Free from the vietnam mess, the usa are therefore more capable to intervene freely. Moreover, the usa are in front of clients constantly wanting for support. Nevertheless, the unstable life of these under-systems which guarantee the usa's political power in the region could weaken its strong position
Diaby, Fodé Siré. "Les stratégies des entreprises chinoises en Afrique : quels objectifs, quelle coopération ?" Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0010/document.
Full textFor the last three decades, the Chinese economy has multiplied it GDP by 15. In order to maintain a strong home economical growth and insure a constant supply of raw material and energy, China turned towards the African continent by quickly and firmly multiplying its foreign direct investments during the last ten years. By becoming the second largest business partner of Africa, as well as a strategic investor, a financial supplier and associated for the development; China has now overturned the balance of powers which had been established since the decolonization of Africa. The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of the Chinese FDI on the growth rate of 38 African countries between 2003 and 2011. We have centred our reflection on the following questions: What are the impacts of the economical cooperation between China and African countries on poverty, unemployment and; does this cooperation encourage the possibility to start a real process of economic development in Africa? In order to come to a conclusion on this matter, we have analyzed the way through which China achieves economical growth, the foundations of China’s African Policy, as well as the reasons for Chinese companies to invest in Africa and the political and economical impacts of China’s Policy in Africa. Finally, we led an empirical study measuring the effects of the Chinese FDI in Africa. Thanks to our econometric study, we came to the conclusion that the Chinese FDI has no significant effect on the GDP per capita of these 38 African countries. Because they are invested in sectors which end up creating less local employments and which, eventually do not allow a real transfer of technologies …
Meniaoui, Nora. "De l'obsession sécuritaire européenne au besoin de prospérité maghrébin : plaidoyer pour un réel dialogue euro-maghrébin." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405475.
Full textIdlahcen, Elhabib. "L'application des normes internationales dans l'ordre juridique interne des états du maghreb : le cas du Maroc, de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0301.
Full textThe analysis of reports between the international law and the internal law of three States from the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) turns out at the same time interesting and complex. Interesting as far as she allows to realize not only the evolution of these reports in the legal order of every State, according to let us let us revise constitutional. But also, to determine the degree of the integration of the State within the international community, as well as the area of the respect which reserves every State for the standards with international in particular conventional reach.As a consequence, judge from the Maghreb is called to adapt himself to the new requirements of a new international order considering the human being as main actor in the training(formation) of the international legal rule. Yet, it is necessary to indicate that the judges from the Maghreb tend to apply that the international capacities pulled by the multilateral and bilateral international commitments. The expression of the sovereignty of the State is essential. The distrust towards any rules or instruments which can put in danger the sovereignty of these States is omnipresent in reports and spirits of the political and legal class of these countries.It is not enough to set up a Constitution to congratulate itself, it is again necessary to apply it. The respect for its spirit and for its measures, conditions its success. Besides, of French inspiration, the fundamental Laws of these States are presumed to adhere to the benchmark model. Yet, the practice takes away them more than it moves closer to them to the source
Türke, András István. "La politique étrangère, de sécurité et de défense de l’Union Européenne des fondements à l’évolution récente : Quel rôle dans le processus de stabilisation à la péripherie de l’Union et dans l’évolution des relations nord-sud en liaison avec l’ONU?" Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030172.
Full textThis thesis examines recent developments in foreign and defence policy of the European Union in its complexity: Theaters considers the most important areas the Balkans (Bosnia-Herzegovina, FYROM) and Africa (DRC, Sudan). Regarding the theatre of war of the Balkans, WEU has carried out several operations after the crisis in 1991. One can examine the similarities, elements that developed, and lessons learned from these actions vis-à-vis to those of the ESDP. The Balkans is considered as a region bordering on the European Union, a zone of influence of Europe, but other powers are also present. What are the objectives of creating zones of influence? Is the Union seeks another methods to follow in regard to military operations, police missions, and diplomatic management of crises in Africa, of the distant theatres of war? The thesis examines whether the experience and practice of certain regions can be applied "anywhere in the World". In Africa the colonial legacy of some European countries, the rich local natural resources, the system of financial support for underdeveloped areas by European resources are the elements of the complexity in the African theatres of war. How political games are played in this region and what are the conclusions of diplomacy and European missions? The main question, to which the thesis attempts to answer, is to what extent the EU can become an international player in the process of stabilization at its periphery, and in the development of North-South relations in cooperation with the UN. How can the EU turn its economic power to a political power in the international system of the twenty-first century by building good relations with key actors and international bodies, including the USA and the UN? What kind of role can it play in the prevention and crisis management? How do we conceive of cooperation between the institutions of the European Union and those of NATO?
Sadio, Adama. "Conditionnalité politique de l'aide publique au développement des partenaires occidentaux à l'Afrique : analyse des actions francaises en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR020/document.
Full textMade in against the international backdrop of democratization and aspiration for the freedom of sub-Saharan African peoples, the landmark decision of the La Baule summit of June 1990 was France's commitment to conditioning its ODA to the democratic efforts of sub-Saharan African countries. Paris took this decision with a view to: 1. Encouraging the democratic opening of African States as a prerequisite for peace and economic development.2. Defending and promoting values of liberal democracy that she considers universal. On the other hand, the flagrance of the relationship between democracy and development is relative. Cultural relativism often poses a problem to the principle of the universality of democratic values and human rights. Moreover, African potentates invoke cultural relativism to exonerate their bad democratic faith. Despite a trend towards the normalization of electoral processes on the continent, a lot of work is yet to be done to establish genuine Rule of Law in sub-Saharan Africa. As regards its implementation, France’s poltitical conditionnality strategy pursuing this objective in sub-Saharan Africa is not always true to the spirit of La Baule. The personalized state relations, the primacy of the geostrategic interests of France, etc., often get the upper hand over the democratic ideal of La Baule. France remains very present in sub-Saharan Africa where its multinationals are very strongly settled. France has a hold over the control levers of the economy through its multinationals like Bolloré, Orange and Areva. However, beyond this appearance, there is a regression of French influence on the continent. This decline is linked to endogenous dynamics such as national opinions and political leadership seemingly aware of the geostrategic stakes that now represent sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, there are exogenous dynamics, particularly related to the breakthrough of China, whose strategic orientation in its African policy undermines the effectiveness of France's political conditionality
Dina, Lagnona. "La relation franco-malgache face aux nouveaux enjeux géopolitiques dans le sud-ouest de l'océan indien. La relation d'une présidence à un État (1990-2009)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3012.
Full textThe south western region of the Indian Ocean appears as one of the traditional French influence zones. Upholding the leadership of France in the area requires a solid and amicable relationship with the countries bordering the Indian Ocean. France’s goal is to remain the first main partner of all the French speaking countries in the area. Often described as “the gate to the Indian Ocean”, Madagascar is one of them. The Malagasy political instability jeopardizes the island’s relationship with France. With national imperatives in mind, Malagasy government officials try for a shift in foreign policy with each new presidency. In this regard, instability is one of the main features of French- Malagasy relationship. Putting at risk the perpetuation of the French influence in Madagascar, its consequences can spread all over the “French speaking Lake”. For France, keeping Madagascar under French influence is critical as it meets with France’s post-cold war foreign policy’s objectives such as: the perpetuation of French power (average) over several regions in an oligopolar world. Preventing the influence of other powers like China or South Africa in Madagascar is impossible. Therefore, for France, the challenge consists of strengthening existing relationships for the purpose of upholding post-cold-war status quo
Gueriniai, Garadi. "La question palestinienne dans les politiques maghrébines depuis les accords de camps David de 1978 aux accords d'Oslo 1993." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030016.
Full textThrough a reading of the history of inter-Arab policies, including the Palestinian question, of the Maghreb countries, we are asked to understand on what basis the Maghreb countries have reacted in a certain way. Have they promoted their affiliation to the Arab world, considering the Palestinian question to them, or is the national interest, which explains why this or that behavior? The treatment of this central question of our research led us to see two kind of policies: one tries to couple between the interest on one side, while maintaining relations with Israel, because we know that to be clearly seen to eyes of Westerners in general and Americans in particular need to be normalized with the Jewish state, or at worst, do not be bitter against him, and solidarity with the Palestinians on the other side. However, this kind of behavior is unsustainable as both party in question are opposed, leading the partisans of this policy to cover up their contacts with the Israelis. That’s why we have difficulty to understanding certain policies and behaviors. The second policy is based on solidarity, without giving importance to the interest. Finally, inter-Arab solidarity between the Maghreb and the rest of the Arab world in general and the Palestinian question in particular, in the last twenty years has been marked by the permanent crisis of inter-Arab political system. In the Maghreb, the political question of the Saharan conflict has become a major obstacle to starting a project unit and a common foreign policy. Political realism and economic pragmatism became the refrain of the new discourse of leaders of the Maghreb
Monnet, Rodolphe. "La politique extérieure de l'Inde en Afrique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB025.
Full textSince 2001 and the reshuffling of the balance of power, India has become one of the influential actors in an increasingly multipolar international context. The current groundswells are reshuffling powers between Nations in shaping new alliances and new power games. India is, more than ever, involved in this trend since the current Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, came to power in 2014. He conducts an ambitious foreign policy as a means to make his country a global and respected power. The context of the issue detailed in this document is: to what extent does Africa's place in India's foreign policy enables India to reach this status of power? This thesis investigates the following three themes: Firstly, the Indian Ocean's place in the Indo-African relationship should reflect Africa's role in India's will to make the Indian Ocean region a peaceful and secured space in which India is a decisive player in front of powerful and heterogeneous political actors. Secondly, this thesis focuses on assessing Africa's role in India's initiatives to be an influential player on politics on the international agenda through international bodies, its bilateral relations with African states and the Indian diaspora settled down in these countries. Thirdly, India's search for that particular status goes through the economic area and the assessment of India's economic footprint in Africa to better establish its influence on that Continent. This study tries to shed the light on India's foreign policy while the United States are reassessing their involvement in the Indian Ocean, and while China is setting up its "One Belt, One Road" and India and Japan have just come together to propose a new partnership to Africa
Bénazéraf, David. "Produire la ville avec les Chinois en Afrique : l'impact des pratiques chinoises d'urbanisme dans les trajectoires urbaines africaines." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010560.
Full textUrban development has become a growing sector within China-Africa relations. The Chinese contribute to the urbanization process in Africa. By combining development aid and business, a number of Chinese stakeholders – urban planning and design institutes, construction firms, and real estate developers – design and build there, on various scales, a great variety of projects such as urban roads, housing estates, satellite-towns, special economic zones planned as new cities. Chinese urban development projects in Africa have sped up the metropolization processin the largest African cities by making suburban areas denser and denser. This has contributed to the development of a new urban stratum in Africa. Chinese projects have been boosting the rise of the African urban middle class by facilitating access to better standards of living. At the same time, the export of Chinese urban development practices conveys an image of success andallows China to strengthen its soft power
中国对非洲城市发展的贡献: 中国城市规划式对非洲城市化的影响城市发展已成为中非合作越来越重要的行业。中国对非洲城市化进程作出了贡献。众多中国城市建设专业机构(城市规划设计研究院,施工企业,房地产开发商)在非洲设计和建造各类的城市发展项目: 城市道路、住宅区、卫星城市和经济特区。中国在非洲城市发展项目对加快特大城市的大都市化和密集化作出了贡献。这些项目已经推动一些非洲城市开始产生新的城市阶层。在非洲的中国项目推动非洲中产阶层的崛起,帮助他们方便获得更好的生活条件。同时,中国城市规划设计的走出去传达中国城市发展的成功形象,有利于中国加强自己的软实力。关键词:中非合作,城市发展,城市发展实践,大都市化,城市阶层,房地产,全球化,软实力,援助,新兴国家和发展中国家。
Bouhou, Kassim. "La politique étrangère américaine au Maghreb après la guerre froide [1989-2001]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030034.
Full textIn history, United States did not focus on North African issues. American leaders consider that this part of the world is under European influence, especially under French influence. The Second World War, decolonization in the 1950s and 1960s and the Western Sahara dispute in the 1980s are the periods during which American presence has been the most active. Yet, the Maghreb was not kept out the stakes and challenges facing the world in the 1990s. How did the Bush and Clinton Administrations consider the North African authoritarian regimes, socially weakened by endemic debts and unable to provide an alternative response to the popular call for Islamist parties ? In the making of American foreign policy, which actors are bound to the Maghreb region ? Which roles played the Congress, the media, the political parties as the Maghreb faced the booming of Islam as a political force ? Are there any interests of American parties or American political and economic clans in the Maghreb ? Are there any antagonist positions inside the Congress and the executive branch about the policy to conduct in the region ?