Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relations humaines – 18e siècle'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Relations humaines – 18e siècle.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Vacher, Marc. "Voisins, voisines et voisinage à la fin du XVIIIème siècle : le cas lyonnais (1776-1790)." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/vacher_m.
Full textCapdeville, Valérie. "L'âge d'or des clubs londoniens (1730-1784)." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030150.
Full textClubs were a key feature of eighteenth-century London life. Their growth, parallel to the advent of the coffee-house, of the press, and to urban development, mirrored an evolution of sociability. Those spaces for male conviviality, private, exclusive and somehow elitist, entered their golden age from the 1730s onwards. The pleasures of eating, conversation and gambling, enjoyed by their members, diffused new values, definite norms of savoir-vivre and good taste, designed for the English gentleman. The club was both an instrument of integration and exclusion, half way between the private and public spheres. An exclusive male world, in which refinement and excess coexisted, that institution could be considered either as an anteroom of power, promoting free and constructive debate, or as a centre of plots and subversion. As such, the club seems to embody the paradoxes of the English nation and appears, in this respect, as a form of sociability unique in itself
Chemin, Frédéric. "La Société d'Agriculture de la Seine-Inférieure (1761-1880) : l'impact d’une institution normande sur les acteurs du monde agricole." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1020.
Full textEtablished in the 18 siecle by a arrest of Louis XV in the 27 juillary 1761, the agricultural society of Rouen is the most active. After an interruption of it activity after the low of 1793, the society is retablished after most attempt, with the name of central and agricultural society to the Seine-Inférieure in 1819. It is constituting a human system for spread aout sociologicaly and geographiquely its influence. The etablishemnt of competitives and the distributions of premium and medal to the agriculteur, to around them to the way of amelioration cultures ad agricole technique. Several creation are puting to the credit of the Central agricultural society than the market cattle, the competitive county with the help of the comice of different district, the horse-race and the experience fields particulary. The consecration of the agricultural and central society is the gain in 1876 of the tittle etablishement public recognition. After that, it is undertake, it is works to a few changing in it is status and rule. Is what mesure the agricultural society it is succes to answer to the objective what is have determined ? What was the impact of it’s work and competitive near the different actor of rural world ? That is the principal stake of this thesis
Renucci, Léa. "L'Arcadia per lettera : sociabilités épistolaires et réseaux académiques en Italie au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0096.
Full textDedicated to pastoral poetry and critical of the exuberance of the Baroque style of the previous century, the academy of Arcadia was founded in Rome on 5 October 1690 by the initiative of fourteen men of letters who attended the Royal Academy of Christine of Sweden and the Roman academy of the Infecondi. Giovan Mario Crescimbeni (1663-1728), the first General Guardian of the Arcadia, gave this academy a peninsular dimension through the creation of local settlements called colonies, founded by individual initiatives of academics in many Italian urban centres, and more occasionally in other European cities, as early as 1692 in Arezzo. The originality of Arcadia lies in its ability to establish a vast institutional network on the scale of the peninsula and to unite a group of more than 9,600 men and women of letters between 1690 and 1800: how did the Arcadian model adapt to the various local contexts and how did individual initiatives organize the creation and perpetuation of the colonies? How did Arcadia work to build up local intellectual circles by proposing a formalisation of literary groups by the colonies? In what way did the Academy of Arcadia succeed in bringing together thousands of men and women of letters from the various Italian urban centres, and from Europe, in an intellectual context of desire for cooperation among Italian scholars? What are the effects of this network on the production of books and the circulation of texts throughout the peninsula? This thesis proposes to study Arcadia through different approaches, from the local level to the peninsular and European scales, based on the several thousand letters exchanged between Roman Arcadia and the colonies
Dedicata alla poesia pastorale e critica dell'esuberante stile barocco del secolo precedente, l'Arcadia è fondata il 5 ottobre 1690 a Roma, su iniziativa di quattordici letterati che si frequentavano all'Accademia Reale di Cristina di Svezia e all'Accademia romana degli Infecondi. Giovan Mario Crescimbeni (1663-1728), primo custode generale dell'Arcadia, dà a questa accademia una dimensione peninsulare creando insediamenti accademici locali chiamati colonie, fondati per iniziativa individuale di accademici in vari centri urbani italiani, e più puntualmente in altre città europee, già nel 1692 ad Arezzo. L'originalità dell'Arcadia risiede nella sua capacità di stabilire una vasta rete istituzionale a livello della penisola e di unire gruppi di uomini e donne di lettere nei diversi centri urbani. Questa tesi di dottorato in storia sociale si propone di indagare come si sia costituita la rete istituzionale dell'Arcadia, di dimensione regionale e tran-statale, a partire dagli uomini e dalle donne di lettere che l'hanno formata, tra il 1690 e il 1800: come si sia adattato il modello arcadico ai diversi contesti locali e in che modo alcune iniziative individuali abbiano portato alla creazione delle colonie? Come l'Arcadia permette la costituzione di "milieux intellettuali" locali proponendo di formalizzare i gruppi attraverso le colonie? In che modo l’accademia dell’Arcadia riesce ad associare migliaia di uomini e donne di lettere provenienti dai centri urbani italiani, e dall’Europa, in un contesto intellettuale mosso dal di desiderio di cooperazione dei letterati italiani? Questa tesi si propone di studiare l'Arcadia attraverso diversi approcci, dal livello locale a quello peninsulare, fino a quello europeo e globale, con le migliaia di lettere scambiate tra l'Arcadia romana e le colonie
Chaffray, Stéphanie. "Le corps amérindien dans les relations de voyage en Nouvelle-France au dix-huitième siècle." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040071.
Full textEighteenth-century travel accounts in New France describe the Native body abundantly. By analyzing these documents – mostly created for colonial or ecclesiastical authorities – this study shows that the textual and iconographic representations of the body play an active role in France’s imperial project. Knowledge of the Amerindian body, made it possible to maintain French-Native alliances, which were essential to the empire, and to reinforce the colonial bond. These representations also aimed to position the ‘Other’ remotely, in order to contemplate the colonization process. It appears that the French images of Aboriginal bodies were rich and complex and were much more than simple metaphors, mirrors of oneself, or tools of propaganda; instead, they created the possibility to act out the French colonial reality
Guéno, Vanessa. "Homs durant les dernières décennies ottomanes : les relations ville-campagne à travers les archives locales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10002.
Full textTropeau, Christophe. "La sociabilité associative dans les communes rurales du département de la Mayenne des années 1830 aux années 1930." Thesis, Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIL565.
Full textLiterary circles, fire brigades, musical associations, gymnastics and shooting societies, sports clubs, clubs of former students, clubs of veterans: from the 1830s to the 1930s, in the countryside of the département of Mayenne, representative of western France, associative frameworks of sociability, defined as all social links for themselves, for the pleasure of the link, are multiplying. This rise shows a deep change during the period studied: a traditional customary culture dies out in favour of a formalized culture, fostered by the rural notables
Martinetti, Brice. "Les négociants rochelais au XVIIIe siècle : formations, évolutions et révolutions d'une élite." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LAROF045.
Full textIn the 18th century, the pace of life in La Rochelle was dictated by the rhythm of its great colonial commerce, at the confluence of the canadian market, the direct route to the Caribbean and the slave trade. Within this atlantic town, an elite soon reached the top of the ladder : the merchants. Prime movers for economic growth and employment, owners of the greatest fortunes and most beautiful mansions, they formed an open socio-professional class with a group spirit centred on a common consciousness and shared culture. United behind their chamber of commerce and esteemed as a result of their honourable profession, the merchants easily established themselves as indispensable figures of Rochelais society, exerting a considerable influence on city life and bringing pressure to bear against the traditional elites of the Ancien Régime.However, any historiographical and bibliographical study of the subject reveals an inescapable fact : to date, the work undertaken has largely concentrated on the workings of the local economy, and there is no global overview of the merchant world. This scientific void needs to be filled. By using more varied methods and forms of inquiry, this thesis aims to be the first socio-cultural study of the great trading entrepreneurs of La Rochelle. Drawing on more than ten thousand documents from the time, 738 merchants stand out, who, in the eighteenth century, constituted the body and soul of La Rochelle
Espinosa, Carole. "L' armée et la ville en France de la Seconde Restauration à la veille du conflit franco-prussien (1805-1870)." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30040.
Full textThis doctorate concerns the relationships between the army and the towns in France and their contribution to the edification of the Nation, to the Second Restauration at the french prussian war (1815-1870). During the 19th century, army and town experience importants transformations, and both contribute to symbolyze the greatness of the Nation. In the context of a territory became more open at the ennemy's attacks, because of the mowing of the communication's network, specially the railway, a new defensive strategy is constructed, in whinch the town hold a major place. The military's aspects are integrated in to the organization of the territory and the urban's processing. This fact increase the military presence in town, specially military building projects in the city. More over, the army garantees the order in the city's most of them, became theter of violence, generated in this period by politicals and socials turbulences, results of the economicals tranformations. Finally, with in towns, military'presence take part in the edification of a new social connections. Ones linked to the large officer's presence among urban's elites, others connected to soldiers more closely to popular's preoccupations
Kühner, Christian. "L' amitié nobiliaire en France au XVIIe siècle : représentations et pratiques d'un lien social." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0123.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to describe friendship as a social bond in the aristocratic society of the "Grand Siècle", with a particular emphasis on the milieu of the court and the role of friendship in its political dynamics. The sources comprise letters that are conserved in the Condé archives in Chantilly, and which have been combined with printed sources, mainly memoirs and autobiographies, of the Grand siècle. Besides the semantics of the words "ami" and "amitié", the representations of friendship are analyzed; to this end, the ancient and medieval roots of the early modem friendship discourse are described. The thesis also discusses the language of friendship, describing the vocabulary and rhetoric used in friendship relations. After that, the practices of friendship -its rituals and gestures -are examined, as well as the objects that can become symbols of friendship, and also the services among friends, notably in the fields of politics, of mutual material help and of mutual help in armed conflicts. The results of this analysis are embedded in a "longue durée" perspective, which outlines the evolution of friendship, which traces the evolution of friendship from the Renaissance to the modem era, with a particular emphasis on the changes during the Enlightenment and the period of Romanticism; this movements insisted on the idea of a private, non-political friendship, which should be based on sincerity, whereas in the early modem period, mutual help and loyalty were the key elements of friendship. It is thus necessary to historicize the concept of friendship itself in order to avoid applying the standard of the romantic concept to early modem friendship
Pech, Sarah. "Être domestique à Madrid au Siècle d’Or : servir et vivre dans la Villa y Corte (1561-1700)." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040210.
Full textThe present research deals with the work and life conditions of servants in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Madrid. All the aspects of their daily lives, both material (wages, possessions, lodgings) and personal (marital status, social life and networks, family relations) are tackled in this work. The in-depth study of this social category is the synthesis of a wealth of information provided by the parish censuses of the time, but also from solicitors’ and hospitals’ official documents and registers, treatises on housekeeping, textbooks for priests, and various other narratives of celebrations and miscellaneous events. What is also under scrutiny in this research is how servants and their relations with their masters were then considered and represented by Spanish society. What is even more of interest is the gap between the negative picture that the average man had of the allegedly dangerous criados as a social group and the facts registered in the judicial documents of the period under study
Sabotic, Inès. "Les cafés de Zagreb de 1884 à 1914 : sociétés, normes et identités." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010595.
Full textGiraud, Claire. "Le masculin et le féminin dans l'oeuvre de Guy de Maupassant." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040097.
Full textSpeeckaert, Jean-Charles. "Construire une relation pacifiée. Les ministres de France à Bruxelles dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Pratiques et réseaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256988.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Curca, Diana Madalina. "Relire les correspondances de Denis Diderot : écriture épistolaire et expérience sociale d’un philosophe au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0097.
Full textEasily available and well-known by both professionals and laymen, French philosopher Denis Diderot’s letters are highly regarded either for their literary quality, or their documentary value. Combining literary studies and historical analysis, the thesis proposes a hybrid approach for rereading Diderot’s entire active and passive correspondence. Flexibly drawing insights from network analysis and hermeneutics of the letter, the study makes, first and foremost, a rigorous inventory of Diderot’s epistolary exchanges. Secondly, I analyse their rhythm, stakes, as well as the social profiles of epistolers in order to propose a novel approach to visualize Diderot’s ego-networks. Attentive to issues of cultural and intellectual history, I explore the discourse of the writer in order to reconstruct not only the infrastructure of his relational space, but also his social experience as it is organized around intellectual labour, sociabilities, and power relations
Viel, Guillaume. "Sociabilité et érudition locale : les sociétés savantes du département de la Manche, du milieu du XVIIIe siècle au début du XXe siècle." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC023/document.
Full textAppearing during the 18th century in French provinces, knowledge societies have developped and multiplied throughout the 19th century.This thesis aimes to identify which knowledge societies have been created in Normandy, in the department of Manche, from 1755 to the First World War. This work consisted, in a first point, of determining how they were established, organized, ruled and financed. In our second point, we tried to identify what kind of people were involved, where they lived and what their professional activities were. In our last point, we wanted to understand what kind of activities were practised by Manche knowledge societies, especially how their private and public sessions worked, and how they managed to spread knowledge to a larger audience thanks to, for example, their publications or their involvment in local cultural life
Caron, Mélinda. "Les pratiques d’écritures et de sociabilité de Louise d’Epinay à la lumière de ses contributions à la correspondance littéraire et de ses lettres à Ferdinando Galiani (1755-1783)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040142.
Full textLouise d’Epinay’s contributions to Grimm and Meister's Correspondance littéraire (1755-1783) and her correspondence with Ferdinando Galiani (1769-1783) constitute two complementary corpora which allow us to understand this author's practices of sociability and to reveal their interaction with her writing. Her society writings, her critical works, her fictional dialogues and her letters contribute to the co-opting of a social elite, via its circulation in the margins of good society and its extension of court society's mechanisms of distinction. The analysis of self-representations and group-representations allows us to better understand the structures and social mises en scène throughout the texts. In conjunction with the analysis of the social imaginary, this analysis explains the restricted, anonymous and clandestine circulation of Louise d'Épinay's texts in the Correspondance littéraire and among members of her Parisian circle, whose contours and dynamics may be observed via her exchange of letters with Galiani. This study of little known texts is based on a sociological approach. It proposes a change of perspective from current critical works, favoring the study of relationships and social representations over ideolory. As well as proposing a renewal of Louise d'Épinay's studies, this theoretical grounding enables a new approach to the writings of women whom historiography has closely associated with Enlightenment salons and the men of letters they frequented
Maurice, Philippe. "La famille en Gévaudan au XVe siècle, d'après les sources notariales (1380-1483)." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR2026.
Full textThe family is the basic cell of the social corpus, and the form it takes depends on each society. To study it therefore allows one to comprehend the environment in which it evolves, but studying it is only conceivable when done in relationship with the ambiant milieu. A monograph has the advantage of presenting all the questions in a microcosm; a detailed analysis of these can give some claim to thoroughness. The fundamental question should determine the vitality of the gabalitain family at the end of the middle ages. This research is based principally on the exploitation of one hundred ad fifty-nine notarial files from the archives in the Lozère, a total of almost twenty-two thousand folios. The work produced shows the very distinct influence of law, sociology ad ethnology. Recourse to prosopography turns out to be important if one is to determine the influence which the family had on society, and likewise recourse to genealogy is essential to establish the pattern of family alliances. Our attention was concentrated on three main aspects of the family: the first places the family again in its demographic reality: parish boundaries, mortality rate, marriage rate and birth rate. The second situates the family in the context of its own problems: inheritance, internal organisation, ad matrimonial strategies
Bizien, Roland. "Une société urbaine relationnelle à la fin du XIXe siècle, Brest (1889-1915)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0028.
Full textThe design of a town, Brest in this case, and the different places of their private and social lives have a strong impact on the relationships between people. Interpersonal relationships seem to be quite spontaneous. Yet, if we look closer, we can perceive they are dependent on some definite codes. The surge of violence, whether physical or symbolical, is part of them. The enforcement of law and order by the municipal police reveals the quality of the surveillance system on groups and places. Police watch is at its strongest during big social events. Police intervention is based more on prevention than on repression. In this society where scarcity gave way to an increasing purchasing power, esteem and respect are a priceless asset. If the relationships are worsening at times, this doesn’t foretell the disappearance of such qualities as solidarity and generosity. Violent behaviours seem to be only part of the normal relationships between people, at least in most social backgrounds. Can we link this violence simply to vile instincts ? On the contrary, it seems to be caused by life in society (it seems to be fundamentally social), when the impulsive nature of some people, the strategies of some other people and the need to respect some social norms lead to a clash. Some social mechanisms are more easily understood if we take into account the policies of reconciliation, the decisions of the court magistrates, and the community work sentences. They reveal a society that is organised into a strong hierarchy and structured by complex domination relationships. Despite the tensions and the blows given, the people who have been studied seem to be recognized through their social identities and their common cultures
Méril-Bellini, Delle Stelle Anne-Laure. "Caritas et familiaritas à l'ombre du Seigneur : les relations des mulieres religiosae des Pays-Bas méridionaux du 13ème siècle avec leur entourage." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753893.
Full textVileno, Anna Maria. "A l'ombre de la kabbale: philologie et ésotérisme au XVIIe siècle dans l'oeuvre de Christian Knorr de Rosenroth." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209259.
Full textMa thèse de doctorat porte sur la kabbale chrétienne et sur ses rapports avec son homologue juive au 17e siècle. Je travaille en particulier sur un kabbaliste chrétien de la fin du 17e siècle, Christian Knorr von Rosenroth et son anthologie de kabbale chrétienne intitulée la "Kabbala denudata". L’œuvre reflète les débats philosophiques et religieux du 17e siècle (avec notamment des collaborations d’Henry More et de l’alchimiste belge François Mercure van Helmont), comporte de nombreuses traductions d’ouvrages de kabbale lourianique ainsi qu’une édition bilingue (araméen - latin) du Zohar. D’une part, l’étude de la "Kabbala denudata" permet de mieux comprendre la manière dont la kabbale lourianique a été reçue en Europe au 17e siècle. D’autre part, l’anthologie atteste d’une pratique de la "philosophia perennis" qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement de la Renaissance. À travers la pratique du symbolisme, l’auteur construit une nouvelle forme de rapports avec l’orthodoxie religieuse de son temps et ouvre la voie à une compréhension approfondie de l’altérité religieuse. Mes recherches s’inscrivent tant dans le domaine de l’étude des relations judéo-chrétiennes que de l’étude de l’ésotérisme.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Couriol, Etienne. "La parenté spirituelle à Lyon sous l'Ancien Régime : prénomination, vie sociale et vie religieuse." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30021/document.
Full textThis research aims to understand the use of spiritual kinship in Lyons during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with a double context: urban population was in expansion while the Catholic Reformation was pre-eminent. The setting of this study is the parish of Saint-Nizier, which was located right in the town centre and presented real social variety. We want to investigate the complexity of social relationships and the flexibility of godparenthood, the strategies and behaviours which can be detected, thanks to precise social analyses.The main source is the parish registers. This research also aspires to call attention to the richness that spiritual relationships provide in urban social history. This classic source allows us to tackle religious history from a social point of view
Riebel, Maëva. "Catégories esthétiques, catégories humaines, catégories animales et « race nationale » : les peintures de castes au Mexique ou les ressorts ambigus de la construction d’une identité moderne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0355/document.
Full textThis study explores the paintings of castes in 18th century Mexico, combining iconography, anthropology and history. This type of painting, of a unique kind within colonial and even Western art, tells the story of the interbreeding between Spaniards, American Indians and Africans in colonial Central America. The research focuses on the social and racial representations that appear in the artistic productions and the logic that they reflect. The historical and anthropological background is also examined. We will attempt to show that the graphic presentation of miscegenation feeds on a European aristocratic fantasy that shapes a relationship to the animalistic nature symbolized by consanguineous family, and also on an indigenous pattern of thought that allows some fluidity between human and animal ontology. Moreover, we shall point out the way in which this pictorial genre expresses the spontaneous classification of the New World that flows freely during the premises of the colonization and the scientific classification specific to the Enlightenment. These caste paintings are the produces of two cultural surroundings and form an inherently cross-bred subject
Czouz-Tornare, Alain-Jacques. "Les troupes suisses capitulées et les relations franco-helvétiques à la fin du XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EPHE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPHE4023.
Full textThis thesis aims at reconstructing the importance of the french-swiss relations on the eve and at the beginning of the french revolution by means of the troops that the swiss cantons used to lend to the king as auxiliary troops within the limits of military conventions and of an alliance lasting for centuries. The king of france safeguarded the internal cohesion and the territorial integrity of the confederation that lacked unity. The presence of swiss soldiers on french territory allowed france to maintain switzerland under their supervision. Even the most committed french revolutionaries endeavoured to retain this beneficial swiss friendship. Between 1789 and 1792 the solid swiss troops acted as the forces of maintenance of both law and order, and repression. Some french departments contested their presence at the time of serious food shortage. The swiss soldiers themselves were not insensible to the songs of revolutionary sirens. From turin, the count of artois tried to regain the swiss troops. As the swiss were note simple mercenaries, their chief, the pragmatic count d'affry, refused a confrontation with the french people outside the legal frame in order not to jeopardize irremediably the swiss interests in france. Paradoxically enough, the swiss were unintentionally more useful to the revolutionaries, acting as a mobilizing target. As a result of 10 august 1792, the auxiliary troops were reluctantly dismissed. Moreover, the alliance was suspended but france made strenuous efforts to maintain the confederation in a state of non-belligerence, hoping all the same to resume the ancestral military bonds
Oliel-Grausz, Evelyne. "Relations et réseaux intercommunautaires dans la diaspora séfarade d'occident au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010540.
Full textSchnakenbourg, Éric. "Pars Septentrionalis : la place du Nord dans la politique étrangère de la France au début du XVIIIè siècle (1700-1721)." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070063.
Full textThe objective of this work is the study of the northern dimension of french foreign policy at the end of louis xiv's reign and during the regence. During this period the north is the scene of a war between sweden and the other baltic's powers. The french northern policy depends on priorities which are not linked to the baltic area. During the war of spanish succession, louis xiv tries to use the northern belligerents, especially charles xii, king of sweden, to create a diversion in germany. During the regence, the northern policy is widely influenced by the alliance with great britain, whose king is one of the sweden's enemies. However, at the end of the northern war, the french succeed in imposing their conception of the baltic's powers organisation by getting the recovering of pomerania to the swedes, despite their english allie's opposition. Beyond the analysis of a precise foreign policy, i wanted to propose a cultural approach in international relations study. I worked on the process of the diplomatic activity, diplomat's work condition, their conception of their mission and of the interest of france. Then, i have tried to determine the influence of commercial questions in the relation between france and northern powers. I also wanted to shed light on the role of image in the making of foreign policy through the conception of the russian power which becomes in favor of the northern war a major factor of european political life
Dziembowski, Edmond. "Les Français face à la puissance anglaise, 1750-1770." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040352.
Full textBetween 1750 and 1770, a decisive evolution of mentality and public opinion takes place in France. The seizure of French ships by the navy, in June 1755, causes a strong wave of Anglophobia. At the outbreak of the seven years' war, propaganda, poems, songs and plays are the main vectors of Anglophobia. After 1759-1760, a lot of French people, whose aversion to England remains very strong, refuse to admit the British supremacy. The explanations of English power put a special emphasis on the moral strength and on the patriotism of the enemy. The English patriotism becomes gradually a model. In the beginning of the seven years’ war, the frequency of patriotic terms increases in the literature. The French defeats cause a wave of patriotism. This patriotic fervor, contrary to the absolutist tradition, is not controlled by the government. In 1760, however, the authority tries to regain power over the public opinion. The duke of Choiseul develops a patriotic propaganda. This experience cannot succeed in controlling the opinion. The French patriot is no longer a "subject". He has become a "citizen"
Belmessous, Saliha. "D'un préjugé culturel à un préjugé racial : la politique indigène de la France au Canada." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0A20.
Full textContrary to a deep-rooted historiographical myth, the French colonizers’ attitude towards Amerindians was not imbued with benevolence or consideration. The Amerindians were perceived as "savages", socially and culturally inferior to the Europeans; as such, they were first dispossessed of their territory. The failure of the policy of assimilation pursued by the French authorities then consecrated the idea of an immutable savage nature that could not be reformed. In the 18th century, there was an appeal to racial prejudice to explain and understand this failure, which favored the setting up of the Amerindians’ "naturalization" (eg the explanation of their behavior by nature) for political reasons. Their supposed nature was then instrumentalized with a view to various exploitations, the first being of an economic and military nature. The distortion of the native figure also took other turns, in function of the colonizers’ emotional, political and intellectual demands. However, because of an unfavorable situation - maintaining of the natives' sovereignty and British expansionism -, the French colonizers could never extend this exploitation as far as they wanted
Ben, Sdira Khaled. "L'art de la modération chez Marmontel : le conflit et ses modes de conjuration dans les "Mémoires" et les "Contes moraux"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20007.
Full textGoncalvès, Dominique. "Le planteur et le roi : étude des relations entre les élites aristocratiques havanaises et la couronne espagnole 1763-1838." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20093.
Full textIn 1763, when Spain was no longer capable of defending La Havana by itself, but anxious to develop the colonial economy, the government negotiated a political and economic reform with the local elites. While these elites have been encouraged to participate and contribute financially to defending the city, they were favoured in return by improved conditions for producing sugar cane. At the same time the Spanish monarchy tried to bind about thirty families by creating a contest for being honoured with nobiliaries titles. So, these planters families were turned into formidable allies of the Crown, in the course of struggle for independence and during the liberal eras. Nonetheless elites' political relevance did oblige the Crown to make compromises. Although continuously weakened by the consequences of their aristocratic enclosure (consanguines marriages and competition by the tradesmen elite) this system was stable enough to resist all fundamental political changes until at least 1838
Vivier, Patricia. "Le problème de l'âme des bêtes au dix-huitième siècle." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100044.
Full textConsidering that, on the one hand, the alterity cannot be exposed in its whole transparency and, on the other hand, our knowledge method remains mysterious, at once it turns out to be a sensitive situation in pretending to approach the en-soi beasts and describe definitely their behaviours. As to make things easier, it is beforehand advisable to define the human identity as a point of reference and principally ask ourselves how are organized the various components, that is the soul and the body, traditionally referred to by the dualistic or monistic theories, to generate the feelings and thoughts so as to check afterwards if the animals behaviours are likely to fit in such a development. .
Bounnite, Khadija. "Contribution à l'étude des relations maroco-ottomanes durant la seconde moitié du XVIIIème siècle : tentative et déroulement d'une coopération entre Fès et Istanbul [sic]." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010592.
Full textThe purpose of this investigation aims at studying one of the main period of the moroco-ottoman connections. The so-colled period-the second half of the eighteen century-has been basically characterized by the morocan-sovereign-backed-policy of cooperation. So, is-it important to recall in a first part, the historical framework of that policy. The calling up of the key previously conflictual steps, the analysis of the diplomatic behaviour, and the mutual exchanged political speeck between the two sgtates have established the availability for the process of the policy cooperation understanding. The second part deals with how certain means and technics had contributed to the evolution and the developement of the moroco-ottoman cooperation. Indeed, we face two sorts of means : the (military) power the co-partners committed themselves to improve and come up the same level each other, and the means of communication which lack has been bearing upon their bilateral cooperation. The bird part deals with the analysis of the nature of the common action boru from their connections and its place of the international chess-board : in the other terms, we put mainly on boath the morocan attitudes about russian-ottoman wars, and about french expedition to egypt. In the end, we hope, by this dissertation, to overome to clear up some points relating to that historical period which continuity is still discernible
Tésio, Stéphanie. "Pharmacie et univers thérapeutique en Basse-Normandie et dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIème siècle : praticiens, organisation, pratiques : une étude comparative." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1445.
Full textAtallah, Elias. "L'influence de l'Église romaine sur la restructuration de l'Église maronite : le synode maronite de 1736, débats entre Rome et l'Église maronite." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040124.
Full textThis work deals about the roman's church influence on the restructuration of the Maronite church. The Lebanese synod of 1736, main legislation of this church and fundamental object of our study, had been the cause of serious controversy between the fathers of the synod on one hand, and of a long debate between them and Rome on the other hand. This synod of tridentine inspiration, by delimiting the new dioceses and entrusting them to permanent bishops who can self-govern their respective dioceses, reduced both the patriarch's and the collegial power whose origins go back to the monastery of St Maroun with the first patriarch St John-Maroun himself monk, the bishops and their successors who were all monks until the end of the 17th century. Depending no more on the patriarch's power, the bishops didn't feel - and don't feel - the need anymore to join as a synod today, the Maronites with their bishops are numerous in the vast diaspora. A strong communion must be established between the bishops and their patriarch - as it was before - in order to govern their people in a collegial spirit without banishing their autonomous. .
Smyrnelis, Marie-Carmen. "Une société hors de soi : identités et relations sociales à Smyrne aux XVIIIème et XIXème siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0033.
Full textYilmaz, Serap. "La soie dans les relations commerciales entre la France et l'Empire ottoman au XVIIIe siècle (1700 à 1789)." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040024.
Full textLabat, Saint Vincent Xavier. "Malte et le commerce français au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040214.
Full textMercier, Daniel. "Ordre métaphysique et retour à la nature : épistémologie de la science de l'homme au siècle des Lumières." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100158.
Full textThe philosophy of enlightenment is based upon the fundamental project of a science of man which would be able to rival in exactingness and scope with the science of facts that is achieved in newton's optics and principia, in opposition to Descartes’s imaginary. However, the disparity of objects forbids a mere methodological transfer from the sciences of nature to the new science of man. Thus the problem arises of a transposition of the model of knowledge as defined by mathematical physics into the realm of the specific object of the new science. It is to Locke and his history of human knowledge that must be traced back the methodological metaphor from which the artisans of enlightenment will draw the elements of a specific method of discovery which, true to newton's ideals, will seem to warrant the reasonable hope of reaching a science of man which would be as rigorous and universal as the most rigorous experimental physical science. This method is metaphysical experiment, a transposition into the order of genesis of the analysis of facts, which natural philosophy would make, as for her, in the order of quantity. Hence the fundamental task assigned to the new science as a priority: to discover, among the infinite diversity of the appearances submitted to observation, the truly essential characteristics of the nature of man, i. E. The original and universal traits common to all humanity, degree zero of any genesis and principle of any history. For it is only from this primary fact that the science of man, now the science of the nature of man, can boast it is giving back to the facts under its analysis-knowledge, body politics, goods and riches, languages and so on - the metaphysical order of their genesis, in which their true nature finally reveals itself
Poncet, Olivier. "La papauté et la provision des abbayes et des évêchés français de 1595 à 1661 : recherches sur l'esprit des institutions pontificales à l'époque de la Réforme catholique." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040043.
Full textThe apostolic provision of the church’s major benefices is the second phase of the designation of a bishop or an abbot in the context of the concordat signed between pope and king of France. The king chooses the person, the pope institute canonically the royal candidate. This confirmation, which is doubled by a control, concerns many of the organs of the roman curia. His implications are multiple and concern the pontifical finances as far as the socio-economic balance of the city, the French presence in Rome, the way of governing the curia, the catholic reform at length. At the time where this one takes on in France, his influence on the pontifical institutions is primordial. Through the diplomatic action engaged to improve the French high clergy, pragmatism get clear: it is the true mark of the papacy of the first seventeenth century. These popes, heirs of the Concile of Trent, believed in their capacity to conjugate the ecclesiastical state and the city of god on earth. These contradictions of the double vocation of the pontifical monarchy are revealing the spirit of the pontifical institutions himself, that is their historical coherence and logic
Ahda, M'Hamed. "Structures et mutations économiques et sociales au Tafilalt (XVII-XVIIIè s) : le poids des relations avec l'Afrique noire (Bilad-es-Sudan)." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20049.
Full textThis study has been devoted to the attempt of reconstitution of tafilalt's (south-eastern morocco) socio-political system recalling the alternations of prosperity and decay which had been its destiny ; the exchanges with the "maghreb" and black africa became evident as determinant factors of the economic dynamics. The state of war, and perpetual struggles between the populations (mountain-dwellers, nomades and sedentary people) experienced by the region, later on in the 17th and 18th centuries, was unfavourable to an economic recovery
Ventrone, Giuseppe. "Tolérance et pluralité à l'âge des Lumières : Paris et Naples (1720-1785)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0034.
Full textThe enlightenment project of "enlightening" of society through Reason is bound up with the idea of the possibility to act on people's mentality, i. E. Exerting influence over classes, categories or social groups in order to determine a profound and persistent "conversion" of their representation of their own condition and, accordingly, of their behavioural pattern. This research, far from tackling the question of the actual political influence of the Philosophers, is devoted to a detection and description, drawing on the texts, of the presence in their ideas of different paradigms of minor influence like : plurality, utility, consistence, belonging. The research aims at showing the way in wich this paradigms can crystallise themselves in the idea of tolerance. The same phenomenological methodology will be used to test the spread of these paradigms in the neapolitan enlightenment
Dubeau, Catherine. "La lettre et la mère : roman familial et écriture de la passion chez Suzanne Necker (1737-1794) et Germaine de Staël (1766-1817)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24721/24721.pdf.
Full textPoujol, Catherine. "Boukhara, Khiva, Kokand et la Russie de 1700 à 1840 : aspects d'un contact pré-colonial à travers l'expérience russe du voyage." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030033.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to examine the procedure of contact between the khanates of boukhara, khiva and kokand during the pre-colonial period. The first part is devoted to survey the local documentation and to present the russian corpus of travels and expeditions that will constitute the main basis for further analysis. After having described all the factors that determine the nature of the contact that will occured between russia and central asia, the attention will be focused on the setting of a tradition of a double mistrust between them. Did the ouzbek societies neglect the russian threat or did they clearly choose not to provide themselves the means for understanding it ? The russians had a chance to accumulate a unique experience about the central asian states before submitting them. Did the central asian populations learn something about the russians out of the pre-colonial contact ?
Pedroso, Corrêa Vitale Maira. "La rencontre entre Européens et Amérindiens au XVIème siècle : une analyse sémiotique subjectale." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO2019.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the encounter between Europeans and Amerindians in the sixteenth century, in the event that the western canonical history styled "Discover of the New World". To this end, we selected three European travel accounts, which were widespread in the sixteenth century. They are : "Warhaftige Historia und Beschreibung einer Landschaft der Wilden, Nacketen, Grimmigen, Menschfresser, Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen" of the German Hans Staden, published in 1557 in Marburg ; "Les singularités de la France antarctique" of the French, André Thevet, published in Paris in 1558, and finally "Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil", of the French protestant Jean de Léry, published in Geneva in 1578. These works are precious testimonies of the first contacts between Europeans and Indians in Brazil and of the way in which the representation of these meetings was built in Europe. Initially we conducted a narrative semiotic analysis, but this is insufficient to understand our subject. It was thus necessary to go to a semiotic discourse developed in particular by Jean-Claude Coquet. This semiotics allows understandind the history of the transformation of actants, the relationship, between autonomy and heteronomy instances, the dialectical relations between phusis and logos, etc. The articulation of the key concepts of this semiotic with the categories of otherness proposed by Tzvetan Todorov in his work "La conquête de l'Amérique" has also proved quite heuristic. Our analysis made it possible to realize three different models of encounter between Europeans and Amerindians in the sixteenth century
Prudhomme, Marie-Claire. "Entre Saint-Saens et Cailly : territoires, relations et pouvoirs dans les campagnes normandes : XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL531.
Full textThis study on rural micro-history concerns a small territory in Haute-Normandie (from Saint-Saëns to Cailly), without morphological unity. It is in fact divided into two different parts belonging to two great rural countries in Haute-Normandie : the Pays de Caux and the Pays de Bray. The organization of the community will be studied, showing the coherence and divisions in the XVII-XVIIIth centuries. Our reflexion will focus on the type of economic development not only based on agricultural resources but on various complementary activities created by these small communities. They are integrated into a complex system of relationship including several levels. Finally, the outlines of the social structure will be highlighted
Llort, Llopart Victoria. "Aux sources de l’image musicale : intersection des arts et naissance de l’esthétique comparée au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040219.
Full textOur objectif is the comprehension of the musical image at its engines. We analyse the definition, the evolution and the representations of the concept. With this purpose, we undertake a detailed analysis of the role of the image in the writings on music hi the 18th century, which are placed at the heart of the birth of comparative aesthetics. The relations between music and image are constant throughout the century. However, the idea of mimesis evolves and the objects that are supposed to be imitated change : nature, language, rhetoric, passions and finally, the sublime that opens a new path of analysis for the next generations
Miranda, Joao. "Les relations diplomatiques entre le Portugal et la Russie de Pierre le Grand (1700-1725)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010632.
Full textMauger-Fatome, Agnes. "Cherbourg 1720-1831 : démographie et croissance urbaine." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1122.
Full text8the history of cherbourg is characterised by its geographical position on a peninsula facing england, and by the interest shown by the great ones of the kingdom : dimplomatic relations with england shaped its fate in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Its population grouth followed the same pattern : it went through a decline in the wake of the destruction of the port and its fortifications by the english in august 1758. Then, from 1780 on, the huge maritime works undergone under louis xvi brought about a change in its population and the growth of the city which was then faced with an influx of rural people coming for the most part from the "clos du cotentin". This arrival of immigrants let to a switch in people's mentality and their attitude to demography : they learnt how to control births and to curb the death of childrens over 10. In that sense, cherbourg followed the same tendancy as the norman cities in the eighteenth century ; in that regard cherbourg's specificity did not constitute an asset in the charges that occured in the late eighteenth century
Stojkovic, Gordana. "Les relations humaines dans "A la recherche du temps perdu" de Marcel Proust." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21034.
Full textThis study sets out to cast light on certain aspects of the conception of human relationships in A la recherche du temps perdu. It shows how these relationships form an ensemble whose constitutive elements are interlinked in both dyadicand group, multiple-input structures, and that they function in term of feedback. The existence of this clearly delineated circular structure shows the modernity of Proust's vision of relationships as a self-regulating system. This system functions in such a way as to continuously renew itself through a host of tiny, often imperceptible changes, while at the same time ensuring its durability and continuity. What Proust is describing, in sum, is the mode of existence of relationships : change. The second aspect of relationships highlighted by Proust's text is their correlarivity and structural interdependence. Because of the universality of the relational structure in A la recherche, Proust's universe transcends the social study to which traditional criticism sometimes tends to confine it. If Proust's narrative offered only finesse of observation, the subtle and finely differentiated perception of bihavioural traits, if it did no more than denounce the hypocrisy, snobbery and theatricality of the upper bourgeoisie and aristocracy in a given age, it would be of only limited interest. Much more important than this period detail is the correlated, interdependent, correlative structure that emerges from its method of description
Amine, Mohamed. "Commerce extérieur et commerçants d'Alger à la fin de l'époque ottomane (1792-1830)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10038.
Full textThe aim of this research work is to make a study of the social-economic situation of the town of algiers at the eve of 1830, and this from algerian and french archives. We have focused on three important themes: firstly, the external trade of algiers with its different dierctions (europe, near east "mashriq", maghrib), which bears the litle: the geography of exchange. In its trade with these three poles, europe comes in the first place followed by the mashriq and finally the maghrib. Secondly, the trade techniques and practices, such as the diversity of currencies and weight and measures in use, charter certificate, the use of recognition signs, the different types of trading establishments etc. As well as techniques and practices found in other trading places of the mediterraneen, such as marseilles, livorno, tunis, sfax, alexandria. . Thirdly, the traders as trade actors. They are divided into three groups of unequal importance. The muslims who, after having played a marginal role in the trade of their town with the out side worls, have imposed themselves at the eve of 1830. The jews who, after having been leaders of this trade thanks of the help of the deys with whom they had relations of personal interest, have lost this backing as from 1805, but still held part of their commercial force. Finaly, the europeans, headed by. .