Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relations internationales – Moyen âge'
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Vanz, Jennifer. "L'invention d'une capitale : Tlemcen (VIIe-IXe / XIIIe-XVe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H024.
Full textTlemcen (Algeria) has not been studied in its own right since the colonial era, as recent historiography focused primarily on the kingdom's political and factual history. This work aims therefore at bringing the city to the. fore. lt considers it principally as a social construction and questions the spatial categories used in the sources. lt also leads us to test our contemporary concepts, especially the concept of capital. The fall of the Almohad Empire in the first half of the 7h/13th century resulted indeed in the emergence of new powers in the Maghreb and Tlemcen then became the capital of the new Abdelwadid kingdom. We will try to understand this new status in the first part of this work, studying the way the city was represented in Abdelwadid historiograph as well as in the historiography of the other Maghrebian dynasties and further away, in al-Andalus, the Christian Kingdoms of the lberian Peninsula or the lslamic East. Then, the second part of this work will focus on the social practices and actors that were shaping the capital on a daily basis: the political power, the saints the scholars, and through the study of a hisba treatise, some of the social groups such as women or dimmi-s. Finally, the third part will address Tlemcen in its regional and global environment in order to understand which territory it controlled and to analyze the Mediterranean and trans-Saharan networks the capital integrated
Dahan, Gilbert. "Les intellectuels chrétiens et les Juifs au Moyen Age : polémique et relations culturelles entre chrétiens et juifs en Occident du XIIe au XIVe siècles." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010565.
Full textThe condition of the jews in western europe, xiith-xivth cent. , can be caracterised by its constant degradation : numerous accusations and persecutions, to which could be added exactions from the royal power. The legal status changed as well, from roman citizenship to serfdom, as the jews became a private property. The attitude defined in canon law is ambivalent : if the church tried to keep the life of the jews and forbade forced baptisms, it enacted many decrees and undertook an active policy of mission. We can notice the same duality within the intellectual relationship between christians and jews. First, the contacts were more frequent, about biblical subjects (the critical text of the vulgate as well as the exegesis); hebrew was studied more, with the help of jews, then with converts. In the field of astronomy and medicine, the jews contributed to the transmission in western europe of the improvements of arabic science; in philosophy, the solutions given by maimonides in the conflict between arabohellenic thought and doctrines drawn from the bible were often agreed by christian theologians. However, at the same time, the controversy with judaism was growing, in oral disputations (but instead of free discussions, there were trials) as well as in literary works (contra iudaeos). The method was renewed, notably by an enlargement of the concept of auctoritas (which included then rabbinical literature, well known by some christian polemicists). The polemical themes were always the same : jews do not understand the scriptures, the truths of christianity, the errors of judaism. In the meditation of christian thinkers, we can see once more an ambivalence : some deprived the jews from their own values, whereas others asserted that, though they are guilty, the jewish people must be kept alive. But the problem seems to be often understood only at a theorical level; the image of the jews which appears in their writings is unreal, more and more caricatural, and even bearing features proceeding from popular fantasy
Ḥasan, Ġ̇ādaẗ. "Les relations diplomatiques entre les Mamelouks bahrides et les États chrétiens en Orient (milieu du XIIIe-fin du XIVe siècle)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010680.
Full textMouslim, Charafeddine. "La conquête musulmane en France et ses conséquences sociales jusqu'au XIVème siècle." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30007.
Full textThis research paper is concerned with the muslim presence in France during middle age, a presence that was highlighted only through a conflictual aspect, however, numerous documents underlined the fact that it was a period of mutual exchanges and coexistence between muslims, jews and christians. It is only in the 12th century that the history of this presence was revisited in order to make from the muslim or the saracen the other par excellence, so the interest to study the consequence of this presence
Marquand, Patrice. "Les relations culturelles entre la Bretagne continentale et l'Aquitaine au Moyen âge." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20060.
Full textMedieval French literature drew on Celtic and Occitan sources to give birth to courtly romances. On the other hand, mostof the chansons de geste in Oïl language are located in Occitania and some of them have existed in Occitan language.However, some of the heroes of these songs are Bretons. Did the writers of the 12th century and their patrons bringtogether two worlds hitherto separate, the Celtic world and the Occitan world? Or contacts were direct and older? WasBrittany a staging post between the North and the South; between the Celtic countries and the Occitan lands? The first part of this study will deal with the historical background of cultural connections between Brittany and Auitaine: political, commercial and religious connections from antiquity to the 13th century. The second part will be devoted to literary connections around two main axes: the Matter of Britain in Aquitaine and the presence of Breton heroes in the chansons de geste related to the Occitan epic
Dumézil, Bruno. "Conversion et liberté dans les royaumes barbares d'Occident de l'Edit de Théodose à la conquête arabe." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040209.
Full textIn the Fifth Century, the end of the Western Empire and the coming of the barbarian people, arian or pagan ones, produced important changes in conversion methods. Civil politics of coercion known during the Empire disappeared, and conversion came back into the hand of bishops. Violence decreased or mutated. But the barbarian kings, dealing about the new problems of their people, were seduced by the principle of forced conversion. For a time, the question of the use of legal violence opposed kings and bishops. But compromises were found to give a definition of the "secular arm". Meanwhile, aristocracy and monks worked to create a social pressure in favour of the Christian religion and so, the last pagan and heretic had to choose quickly between baptism or disappearance
Salama, Abdel Aziz Mohamed. "Etude comparée des méthodes de spéculation, d'argumentation et de polémique sur les questions relatives à Dieu chez les théologiens chrétiens et musulmans du VIIe S. /1er S. Au XIIIe S. /VIIe S." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31003.
Full textRougeulle, Axelle. "Les importations extrême-orientales trouvées sur les sites de la période abbasside : contribution à l'étude du commerce moyen-oriental au Moyen-Age." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040181.
Full textChinese ceramics found on Islamic sites are the only material traces preserved to-day of the well-known trade between china and Islam in the middle age (650-1350). A typological study of these ceramics, paralleled by a critical research on the archaeological data, brings to light the main characteristics of this trade, its historical evolution and its main networks. These networks were exclusively maritime ones, handled until the 11th century by merchants from the Persian Gulf who also controlled the trade in the red sea and east Africa. Later on, the Indian Ocean trade is shared by people from Egypt and Yemen in the red sea, and the Hormuz area in the Gulf
Berson, Bruno. "L'homme et l'animal en Islande au Moyen Age, 9e-14e siècles." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL3A001.
Full textRusson, Marc. "La façade océanique du royaume de France et les pouvoirs : (XIIIème-XVème siècle)." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20027.
Full textThe oceanfront of the French kingdom at the end of the Middle-ages is, to a certain extent, the reflection of the political and territorial assortment in which it eventually settled. An assemblage of ill-assorted estates and political structures which were uneven and changeable in the 13th century, it nevertheless got organized along the increasingly busy and attractive maritime route that ran alongside it, linking its various parts. This whole territory underwent the influence and sustained the various rival ambitions of the bordering states and those present on the coast : England, Castile, Brittany, Flanders or the French Crown. The oceanfront also built itself through violence and the recurring conflict between France and England. The war at sea and its mishaps, privateering and sundry acts of piracy hastened the assertion of the strongest political powers thanks to the struggle against insecurity and the threats from the open sea. If each of them developed often similar institutions because of interwoven influences, at times in a brilliant and innovative manner, the French Royal State alone eventually got the upper hand in the 15th century, finally getting rid of its rivals, imposing a maritime order and policy that it had managed to promote and enforce with more persistence, means and willpower than it has generally been said. In the process, Brittany lost its comparative ndependence and Flanders alone escaped the King's power, only to submit to a new master. The towns, the population, the lords of the coast and the seafaring men were both the stakes and actors of this crucial evolution
Besnard, Anne-Christel. "Paléoécopathologie humaine : étude des relations entre les maladies et l'environnement des populations anciennes humaines : essai d'interprétation des traumatismes sur les populations du Moyen-Âge." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T060.
Full textTagliatesta, Maria Francesca. "L'immagine dell'India nel medioevo italiano : arte e letteratura." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030054.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to consider some cultural relationships between India and the Italian Middle Ages - following a route, from East to West, through the Iranian countries, the Middle and Near East - the Mediterranean and Byzantine world - and then trying to examine various cultural topics relating to iconography, architecture and history of art. An evaluation of the classical texts gives a preliminary picture of the real and imaginary perception of Indian culture. This is followed by an analysis of commercial contacts in Mediaeval times, showing the main communication routes, not only for trade but also culture, and underlines this blending of historical reality and imagination (the oriental mirabilia). The study takes a closer look at iconography and architecture in order to trace some possible links between the imagery of the Unicorn and its representations in Mediaeval churches of Italy. Further important architectural topics such as the Indian and Buddhist arch has been taken into account to present an analysis of some Mediaeval architectural forms in Italy
Garavaglia, Chiara Rosa. "Le relazioni tra l'Italia e la Bretagna : (VI-XII secolo)." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20005.
Full textThe history of various Breton monasteries of the early Middle Ages allows us to understand the steps of the integration of Brittany inside the Carolingian organization. Reports of contacts between medieval Brittany and Italy reveal the existence of a network of strong relationships between the two peninsulas. For this reason it'has been possible to confirm the political and cultural opening of Brittany before the year 1000 AD. This network of relationships was very strong, for the most part, due to the introduction and the spread of worship of the two saints in each of the countries. These episodes of worship are establishe_ by relics or hagiographic manuscripts brought by religious travellers. Ln addition, a group of Breton monastic scriptoria existed particularly in the most significant abbeys of the region, whose production represented an instrument of promotion ofpolitical design that aimed to assert the status ofthese monasteries, especially of Brittany itself facing medieval Europe. The production ofthese centers ofhagiographic literature allowed for the discovery of the cult of Saint Guénolé of Landévennec in Tuscany, the cult of Saint Magloire of Dol and Sa1nt Modéran of Rennes in Emilia as well as Saint Malo worship in Rome. Although the Italic peninsula exp_enced a stronger attraction for the Bretons than that of the Italics for the Armoricane region, the existence of the cuIt 0 Saint Marcellino Pope, established in Redon, fully confirms that this network of relationships was truly symbiotic in nature
Bobis, Laurence. "Le rapport entre l'homme et l'animal dans l'Occident médiéval : un animal exemplaire, le chat." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081251.
Full textThe history of domestic cat is badly known. It was brought during a long period into different parts of europa and especially british isles, from egypt where he was first domesticated. At the end of antiquity, the cat is implanted everywhere in western roman empire. On account of his exotic origin, it was not, for a long time, integrated to western culture and symbolic, even if it is part of fauna and man's immediate environment it was considered first and foremost as a mouser and clergymen were diffident of relationships between man and cat. From xiith-xiiith c. On, clerical and secular culture moralize and anthropomorphize animals and especially cats giving it a belittling image. In the same time, accusations are launched against heretics, and the devil appears as a cat. Belief in "ailouranthropia" seems peculiarly widely held, witches being said to fascinate and murder children. Cat has a very important place in imagination ; it is associated to women, death, and above all sexuality. Iconography of the cat, very numerous alter xivth c. , integrate these associations in a really symbolic system
Bonnaud, Muriel. "Justice et société dans la châtellenie de Bressuire (2e moitié du XVe S. )." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5001.
Full textThis is an evocation of a population and its relation with the justice in a poor and mainly rural area, with the exception of one town: Bressuire, whose prosperity is based upon the textile activity. Precariousness is the rule, though eased by the numerous links of sociability which unite individuals. At the dawn of the second half of the XVth century, society appears pacified: serious crime doesn't appear in registers ; the main preoccupation of both rich and poor people seems to be the defense of their own economic interests. The lord is obviously a stake holder in this justice, because it is indissociable from the recapture of his authority; yet its efficiency was proved by the end of troubled times and benefits to the population; indeed, judicial activity, offering a space for claims and reconciliations, turns out to be the only guarantee of social peace
Moukarzel, Pierre. "La ville de Beyrouth et son commerce avec les villes marchandes européennes à l'époque Mamelouke (1291-1516)." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5016.
Full textDuring the Mamluk era, Beirut occupied an important trading place in Syria. A net of trading exchanges was established with the cities of the Syrian coast, but also with Damascus, Egypt, Cyprus and Europe on the other Mediterranean shore. During this period, Beirut was an active harbour of the mamluk sultanate, widely open to the Mediterranean trade, competed with and even overtook the harbour of Alexandria, the main mamluk harbour. The European merchants, Venetians, Genoeses, Catalans, Florentines, Provincials, Anconitans, Ragusans frequented Beirut and settled there for trade. Beirut was one of the main syrian harbours for loading spices and products coming from the far east. From the beginning of the XVth century, because the politic, economic and military conditions in Syria, the European merchant cities turned their business towards Alexandria. Their relations with Beirut were not interrupted but the volume of their trading exchanges became limited and reduced
Simon, Aurore-Diane. "Implantations, activités et relations des établissements d'assistance en Bourgogne à la fin du Moyen Age." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796994.
Full textGauzente, Boris. "Les abbayes et les couvents de Besançon à la fin du Moyen âge (1350-1500) : des établissements urbains entre crise et renaissance : implantations, organisations et relations extérieures." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1035.
Full textWhere we introduce Besançon’s abbeys and convents History between 1350 and 1500. How several establishments – different by their ages, lifestyles, activities and religious functions - try to face the same events - demographic, economic, religious crises and wars of the low Middle Ages - according to their own customs and with different material and spiritual success. The regular canons of Saint-Paul, the Benedictines of Saint-Vincent and the Cistercians of Notre-Dame of Battant distinguish themselves from mendicants friars - Dominicans, Franciscans and Carmelites - and even more with Clarisses, returned to a strict rule of poverty by Colette, reformer nun of the order of St. Clare at the beginning of the XVth century. From the municipal sources and the ancient archives of these abbeys and convents, we tried to understand what was the reality of such establishments in these disturbed time. We mainly held the material subjects (buildings and the many construction sites mentioned as well as an approach of the temporal in the county of Burgundy and in the city of Besançon), the social study of the monks and the nuns as well as their organization within their respective community and their roles. The municipal archives, a strikingly rich fund, allowed us to understand how the monastic and conventual establishments of the city of Besançon fitted into the urban, economic and religious life, and what were their relations with the city authorities. In this search for the links with the outside, we also mentionned the case of the count of Burgundy, lord of the province but not of the city, who is also the duke of Burgundy, to try to understand how nuns and monks open to the world in a time when the laic power tends to assert itself especially since the pope ones are weakened by the Western Schism and the conciliar crisis which follows
Morisot, Corinne. "Étude des relations entre le Caire et la Mekke à l'époque mamluke (648-922/1250-1517)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040029.
Full textThis study concentrates on the relations between cairo and mecca during the mamluk period, trying first to determine an economical rythm to the evolution of both cities, and then to reach the consequences of mamluk sovereignity upon the holy city. To begin with, we first examine the sources that should be used, pointing out to a critical crossing approach of them. The historiography of the mamluk period presentes various kind of historical wrting, from the traditional ones, up to modern encyclopedic or practical forms and archeological testimony. Through a critical method of reading, we underligned the main historical features of this period, focussing on those facts that rally matters to the economicals developpements. This historical presentation goes on three economical period, defined for each of both cities. It clairly shows, that commercial activity were the main aspect of the relation between cairo and mecca. The study of such activity helps us to catch the medieaval conception of capital, the use of credit and the beginning of insurancial practices. The evolution of the main trend of the indian trnasit is a second important feature of this chapter which ends with the presentation of meccan commodities commerce. In a last time we calculated the evolution of fodd price in both cities, showing how they followed the prices of wheat. Then, we try to determine the level of life in cairo, drowing a comparaison between commodities and furniture priceson the one hand, and level of wages on the other
Petit, Dominique. "La société lombarde, Ve-VIIIe siècles : romanité, germanité, chrétienté." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040285.
Full textFrom their entering Italy (568) to the loss of their independence before Charles the Great, the Longobards assimilated to the Italian world. However, those changes were not a slow and inevitable process from arian and pagan germanism to the adoption of the Christian and roman models. During these two centuries and beyond, they have kept the memory and the use of customs born from the times of migrations and maybe even before, such as matrilineal links and endogamic uses. At the same time, they totally adopted the conceptions left by the Roman Empire through the memory of the Ostrogoths. Italy had to be united under one command exercised by a chief who would not necessarily have been catholic as the examples of Agilulf and Rothari show
Soussen, Max Claire. ""Iudei Nostri", pouvoir royal, communautés juives et société chrétienne dans les territoires de la Couronne d'Aragon au XIIIe et première moitié du XIVe siècle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS014S.
Full textOur study considers the relationships between christians and jews in the Crown of Aragon during the Thirteenth and first half of the forteenth century. The legal definition of these relations is given by the Church and the contacts are disapproved by both Christiandom and authorities of the judaïsm. Despite the rules, men meet one another, and the royal power considers the jewish minority as an ally for economical and political reasons. The general context is the one of the Reconquista, which implies the need of trustful men. The jews play this role in the conquered territories and elsewhere. But during this period, the thinking of the Chruch is more and more exclusive and the mendicant orders preach to the jews for them to convert. The society itself is getting closed. The sources for this study are both religious (manuscripts) and from the royal power (chancellery registers)
Abdul, Kadir Mahmoud Nadia. "Évolution des relations internationales au Moyen-Orient et la [sic] diplomatie américaine dans le Golfe depuis la fin des années [19]60." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10018.
Full textDurix-Pepke, Hannelore. "Les contacts entre la ville et la campagne aux XIVe et XVe siècles : le marché de Dijon." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL018.
Full textThanks to extremely rich archives (from the ducal administration, abbeys and notaries) the Dijon region is an exceptional area to observe urban-rural relationship in the late middle ages. The borders of this study can be reasonably fixed as those of the "bailliage" of Dijon space and within the period from 1315 to the middle of the 15th c. In time. The geographic and administrative description of the bailliage, of its population and economic infrastructures as well as of the city of Dijon and its immediate surroundings give the necessary background to the understanding of events and economic phenomena. The 1st part describes the most stable elements of urban-rural relations : the primary exchange economy, rooted in economic links founded on seigneurial economy and articulated around the weekly markets and - less important - the Dijon fairs. Part 2 is a study of the most developped aspects of economic exchange between town and countryside - belonging to a type of capitalist economy as it is established at Dijon in the ist half of the 14th c. , caracterized by a strong articulation with the exportation of wool, wheat and wine and by a great variety of credit ("baux à cheptel" or lease of livestock; term sales) - and of the way this regional economic system was dismantled by the "calamities" of the period. It finishes with an attempt to establish a balance of this "negative" movement which gave birth to a social crisis in the world of wine growing. Part 3 tries to fetch the opposite movement : a reconstruction with limited effects and a renewam founded on local urban consumption rather than on exportation (except for wine) as well as on an economy which had become more complex by the creation of the ducal tax system. The Dijon region, more dominated than dominating towards the outside world, then appears under certain aspects (e. G. The management of the temporal of St. Benigne's abbey) as capable of a remarkably modern way of thinking
Guihard-Lefeuvre, Gaël. "Bretagne et Bourgogne. Les relations politiques de deux États princiers à la fin du Moyen Âge 1364-1491." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0017.
Full textThis study covers a period of almost 130 years of relations between Brittany and Burgundy, two princely states developing in the Middle Ages. It focuses both on the content of these relations and on the means and men that helped establish them. While the primary focus is on politics, the study also takes a look at anything that might influence political decisions, particularly trade and military connections. The backdrop for this study is provided by the 100-year war, the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war, the development of a state apparatus in each of theses principalities and, starting in the middle of the 15th century, the growing influence of a crown intent on bringing the principalities to heel. Three periods need to be distinguished. The first period corresponds to the reign of Philip the Bold (1364-1404), duke of Burgundy, heir to the counts of Flanders. Philip the Bold forged ties with the various factions fighting for power in Brittany and thereby managed to establish himself as the arbiter in the conflicts in Brittany, and then as the regent of the dukedom in 1402. The second period covers the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war and looks at the dealings of the duke of Brittany and his entourage. The dukes of Burgundy and Brittany formed a lasting alliance, which constituted one of the most stable elements of their foreign policies. The last period (1435-1491) saw the French crown reassert its power. The dukes of Brittany and Burgundy were forced to tighten their alliance in order to confront the king. The alliance brought them some diplomatic success, but never stood the test of war
Maillard, Clara. "Les papes et le Maghreb aux XIIIème et XIVème siècles, étude des lettres pontificales de 1199 à 1419." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3042.
Full textThe pontiffs had to keep contact with the Arab-Muslim world, the Eastern part naturally - Egypt and Middle East - but also the Western one - Spain and Maghrib -. That is why Innocent III was, as soon as 1199, in contact with "Miramolin, king of Morocco ". When decades later, in 1233 and 1235, Grégoire IX decided to write to the Muslim sovereigns, he sent letters to the monarchs of Bagdad, Damascus, to the Seldjoukids of Rūm as well as to "Miramolin" of Morocco and to the King of Tunis. As his eminent predecessor, he did not forget Maghrib. About two hundred and one letters, written during XIIIth and XIVth centuries and for the greater part registered in the registers of the Vatican Secret Archives, help to enlighten the position of the Holy See in regards to the Maghrib. The popes supported the attempts of expansion of the Christianity in North Africa (by preaching and crusading) but that was not their only concern. They also cared for the Christians who were still living in Maghrib : traders, mercenaries and captives. The papacy had to reconcile these two aspects and had to adapt to the reality of the life of these communities in Muslim North Africa. It was informed of different kinds of events which were taking place in the kingdoms of North Africa, especially those of Marrakesh and Tunis. To bring their politics to a successful conclusion and keep links with the Christians living in distant land, the popes kept in contact with both Christian and Muslim sovereigns, writing letters, sending messengers through the Mediterranean Sea, supporting the works of the monks in this continent and establishing a bishopric in Marrakesh
Khalid, Tareq. "La politique étrangère et de sécurité commune dans les relations internationales : le rôle de l'Union Européenne au Moyen-Orient." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10005.
Full textAlrubaie, Abdul Sattar Abied. "L'Irak et les conflits d'intérêts au Moyen-Orient, 1917-1941 contribution à l'étude des relations internationales dans un pays qui est passé des origines du mandat à l'indépendance." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594081v.
Full textJourdan, François. "La mort du messie en croix dans les églises araméennes et sa relation à l'islam jusqu'à l'arrivée des mongols en 1258." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040067.
Full textIs the fact of muslims denying the messiah's death on the cross definitely irremediable and what does it mean? The fact of his crucifixion constitutes the kernel of gospels and the heart of liturgy in the aramean churches, in spite of the exhausting and overrunning christological quarrels. Hadith and commentators deny this fact, whereas the Qour'an does not reproach the christians for attesting it, but the jews for thinking that they have got the better of "isa through his crucifixion. It is mostly religious and political christianity which is the basis of muslim's position, as they have another vision of the same god. However, Islam might admit the fact some day, provided that christians and muslims would really accept god's non-violence through the cross, in the same way as nestorians and Francis of Assisi, Charles de Foucault, Massignon or Gandhi have been able to understand it
Rafie, Hossein. "Le pétrole du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord dans les relations internationales : des années 1970 à nos jours." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10023.
Full textPetroleum is not purly an economical product, its main role in world economy and its concentration in Middle East and North Africa (two third of world reserves) made influence international politics. Knowing the nature of the region, petroleum and politics make one. The politicization of oil of the region starts, first of all, with the efforts of some powers, through their companies to dominate oil countries, which by reaction incites these countries to eliminate foreign domination and establish their national control on oil matters. The situation is changing progressively. The position of productive states got stronger with the beginning of the 1970th which permitted the use of oil, in a way relatively efficient, as an instrument of power. Consequently the balance of power shifted deeply in the favour of producers. On this basis, the argument consists of three parts: the first puts theoric bases - theory of economical arme - and defines geographical and historical environnement of the research. The second part studies the period of force of the oil countries, from the fourth israelo-arabe war and oil embargo that followed it, to the end of the second oil slump. The third part explains the shift of power on the international scene and the relative decline of oil power for the states of the region. The analysis of impact of the oil slump in 1986 and the mini-impact of the second Persian Golf war, quickly dominates, lead to clear the actual situation and out, line the view-point of the future
Peronnet, Sophie. "Les céramiques d’exportation provenant des fours chinois de la dynastie Song (960-1279)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040110.
Full textMaritime trade between China and the South Seas underwent a major growth in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Merchants came from the Middle East, India, South East Asia and China. Chinese ceramics are important in these exchanges. They came primarily from unofficial kilns in the coastal provinces of Southern China : Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian. The pieces made were, for the most part, destined to be exported. The quantities produced increased rapidly, to the detriment of the quality. Certain pieces, for example the kendis and also the large storage jars, are only found on external markets. Demand for Chinese ceramics is high and we can discover a large number of them today on various sites or shipwrecks in South East Asia. Two periods can be distinguished in these exchanges : mid 10th - mid 12th and mid 13th - mid 14th Centuries. The objects were used in everyday life, and also occasionally during funeral or religious ceremonies
Prouteau, Nicolas. "Bâtisseurs, ingénieurs et fortifications au temps des Croisades : contribution à l'étude des échanges entre Orient et Occident (XIIe-XIIIe siècles)." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20078.
Full textThis research focus on the rule played by architects and engineers in the circulation of techniques and armaments throughout the Mediterranean Sea during the Crusades. Various comparisons with Western context are proposed in order to provide new perspectives on the interchangings process and networks. Firstly, the functions and socio-economic status of Western, Frankish or Arabic technicians are described. Building and siege technics are thorougly described in a second part. Thirdly, the thesis insists on the mecanisms of borrowings and acculturation. Kings and sultans retained specialised prisonners and recruited engineers-mercenaries. They considered defence-exhibition and mechanical knowledge as keystones of their fortress-policies. Fortification in the age of the Crusades became rapidly a workshop of innovations and the witness of a complex canvas of technical interchangings between East and West
Aillet, Cyrille. "Les Mozarabes : christianisme et arabisation en Al-Andalus (IXe-XIIe siècle)." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083706.
Full textThis thesis deals with the history of arabized Christianism in al-Andalus and the Iberic Peninsula between the IXth and XIIIth century. After 850, Cordoba became the cradle of this cultural interference process. Far from being doomed to decline, the al-Andalus Christians have then shaped a culture based on three models : Visigothic, Islamic, and Eastern Christian. The Mozarab situation, stamped by the influence of Arabic culture on Hispanic Christianism, is not limited the sole Islamic territory since al-Andalus Christians immigration scattered genuine arabized diasporas in the North Christian kingdoms. The Mozarabic situation conveys the ascendancy of Islam on Iberic Christianism until the XIth century. In the XIIth century, the al-Andalus Christians expulsion forced the Mozarabs to an exile in the North where they were rapidly assimilated by communities now looking exclusively towards a Latin model
Boutayeb, Mohamed Sghir. "Les relations de l'Égypte post-nassérienne avec les deux super-grands : la mutation politico-stratégique." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010271.
Full textRivière, Christophe. "Une principauté d'empire face au royaume : le duché de Lorraine sous le règne de Charles II : 1390-1431." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010601.
Full textZaïdi, Hassan al. "Les relations internationales des pays arabes avec les pays de l'Ouest, de l'Est et les puissances régionales moyen-orientales depuis la première guerre mondiale /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35462929p.
Full textShawi, Manar M. H. Al. "Les États-Unis d'Amérique du nord face au conflit israe͏̈lo-arabe." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10041.
Full textAcross israelo aliance, across military economic's support and politic, the united-states of america do of the israelian-states, the only regional's big power. Paralely, the united-states dont process to the conflict regulation with pacific's manner and arabe's-states; exception to the israelo-egyptian's peace agreement. It's in this sence an america politic's study will be an study model of the states strategie in the world. This study end, in a first part concerning the american politic's structure, we try to give to the readers an answer on the intern and extern's fondment of the israelo-arab's conflict : the impact's element of the soviet-american's conflict, economic's interest, influence groups of the american's pressure, american's opinion and the medias will be an big help. There, the institution frament's study across the presidence, the officy and the assembly, will permit a part, to collect the aptitude and the manner whose the american's supply apprehend the conflict and represant it self it's solution in the stategie frame who include all the stakes in the region. Any way the content of this politic, it's this aspiration toward the domination and toward the conflict pacific's reglement using for to do economic's instruments, militarys and diplomatics, we'll help to light of objective manner, the work putting, of the united-state's politic as for middle oriental's problem. For this to bearing, gave to learm the consequence of the american's stategie to the american's levels international and regional, think who we'll permit to have a look on the future united-state's politic as for israelo-arab's conflict
Bilodeau, Gonthier David. "Mantzikert et les Normands : les perceptions et les représentations des Byzantins dans la propagande antibyzantine des chroniqueurs italo-normands du 11e siècle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10381.
Full textDIALLO, ABDRAMANE. "Les relations commerciales et diplomatiques entre l'occident chretien et le maghreb a la fin du moyen age (13e - 16e siecles)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010684.
Full textMarcel, Valérie. "Dilemmes sécuritaires au Moyen-Orient : problèmes de puissance et de gouvernance." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0010.
Full textAl, Habib Abdul Mahdi. "La Ligue des États arabes et le conflit israélo-arabe de 1945-à 1982 : contribution à l'étude des relations internationales dans la région du Moyen-Orient depuis la création de la Ligue." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020115.
Full textQuéret-Podesta, Adrien. ""polonais, hongrois, deux frères" : la représentation des plus anciennes relations polono-hongroises dans l'historiographie du Moyen-Age à nos jours et la question des origines médiévales du mythe de l'amitié polono-hongroise." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785359.
Full textAli, Hasan. "Les accords de Camp David et la paix au Moyen-Orient." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF10092.
Full textZaïdi, Hassan al. "Les relations internationales des pays arabes avec les pays de l'Europe de l'Ouest, de l'Est et les puissances régionales moyen-orientales depuis la première guerre mondiale jusqu'à nos jours." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010608.
Full textThe principal idea of my thesis is that, all the states which we call now "the Arab states" were before Islam under the influence of the regional powers, (Persia and Byzance). The rise of Islam was an important factor to obtain their independence and political unity. They have conquered several peoples in Asia, in Africa, where the Islam became strong, and several territories in the west of Europe. During the domination of the ottoman empire on the majority of the Arab states, by the name of Islam, from 1516 to 1918, long and heavy period, the west entered also in Arab countries (colonial period). Now 21 Arab independents states exist but all of them are continuing to depend of the military and technologic powers
Basiri, Mohammad Ali. "Les armes de destruction massive dans les zones à risque du Croissant islamique : Moyen-Orient et pays périphériques (1945-1991)." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10069.
Full textThe analysis of the situation of mass destruction weapons in the Islamic crescent, dangerous areas spreading from the Indian sub-continent to Maghreb (North-Africa), aims at identifying the principal causes of their proliferation at the end of the 20th century: the need of security, the willingness to dominate, the effect of the political and economic strategies of the great powers and the weakness of international law. Its second goal is to appraise their relevance in the different states of the studied region. This can be done in three different ways: the geostrategic analysis enables us to do the inventory, to define and to classify the many potential crisis that are likely to facilitate the development of mass destruction weapons. As far as ideological views are concerned, it is necessary to ponder over the possible attitudes of the major systems of thoughts = religions, political doctrines, strategic doctrines. . . Regarding such weapons and thus to define the cultural background studied issue. Finally, from the factual and eventual points of view, it is advisable to study the historical aspects of the different components of mass destruction weapons as well as the consequences of their proliferation on the strategic conceptions. On this base, it is possible to determine the bases, the characteristics and the effects of the politics of studied area countries regarding these weapons and thus to validate the initial hypothesis
Brun, Elodie. "Le changement international par les relations Sud-Sud : les liens du Brésil, du Chili et du Venezuela avec les pays en développement d'Afrique, d'Asie et du Moyen-Orient." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0017.
Full textThis works presents an analysis of South-South relations and their meaning for the international system, from the three cases of Brazil, Chile and Venezuela, since the late 1990s. It focuses on the consequences of the intensification of the links between non-dominant states at the global level. We affirm that in a context of interdependence all state actors are able to contribute to international change, which cannot be reduced to the actions of the most powerful states. We argue that the change occurring is incremental, not continuous, reforming but at the same time with a far-reaching influence. This includes a decentralization of interstate relations and a transformation of the functioning of the global system. Emile Durkheim’s concept of « dynamic density », and its two dimensions, namely material and moral, helps us to understand this process more appropriately than traditional studies about international relations. Based on this notion, we demonstrate that evolutions inferred by South-South links reinforce the complexity of interstate interdependence. Nevertheless, the rapprochement is material and strategic but not really moral so far, because of a lack of social participation. Studying these initiatives and the international integration of developing countries represents an opportunity to improve the study of international relations, through new cases and new interpretations about global affairs
Jawad, Laith. "La crise du proche-orient a travers la presse française : 1948, 1956, 1967 et 1973." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN11009.
Full textTerenzi, Pierluigi. "L’Aquila : une ville dans le royaume de Naples. Les rapports politiques entre cité et monarchie dans le Sud italien à la fin du Moyen Âge (1467-1503)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040223.
Full textThis PhD thesis concerns the politic relations between towns and monarchy in the Kingdom of Naples at the end of the Middle Ages, by the case study of L’Aquila.In the first chapter I analyze the institutions of the town and their changes between 14th and 15th centuries. Thereafter I examine the political processes of the institutions, that is the ways the local elite used to rule the city and to preserve its power.In the second chapter I consider the social groups which had a political importance (merchants, notaries, legum doctores) and the problem of the urban aristocracy. In the second part of the chapter I analyze the local elite.In the third chapter I examine the figure of Pietro Lalle Camponeschi, count of Montorio, his feudal power, his hegemony in the city and his ability to influence the relations between town and monarchy. Moreover I consider his role as leader of a faction.The fourth chapter focuses on the ways of demonstrating fidelity, the relations between urban fiscal system and royal fiscal system, those between urban justice and royal justice, the diplomatic network of the town and the flows of citizens in the royal administration.In the last chapter I analyze two aspects of the town-monarchy relations. The first part is about the power of the royal captain and the dialectic between this public official, the citizens and the monarchy. The second part concerns the mission of the royal lieutenant Antonio Cicinello (1476), which was the first direct intervention of the monarchy in the local political life
Mansour, Camille. "La place d'Israël dans la doctrine stratégique des États-Unis." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010262.
Full textThe study aims at understanding the foundation of the special relationship between the U. S. And Israël and sets out to take it up through an instrumental relationality approach: is Israël a strategic asset or a burden for the u. S. ? The author starts by reviewing the various advocacies pertaining to the question on the internal american scene. He thus deals with issues such as the military services said to be rendered by Israël, the relationships between these services and the question of the arab-israeli conflict, oil and soviet influence, the idea of a u. S. Guarantee to israel and that of alliance. The debate between the opposing advocacies on these issues provides the author with conceptual tools that enable him to infer, in a second part, the u. S. Governmental doctrine from its practice during the last 40 years. Finally, in a third part, the author tries to explain the "why" of the doctrine. Are the reasons strategic instrumental, or do they lie in american internal demands? This leads him to inquire about the validity of imperilism, rational decision-making, interest as non-damage, pro-Israël lobby, U. S. Culture and ideology, as possible explanations. To conclude, he proposes a multiple-level explanation of U. S. -Israël special relationship
Movahhedi, Rouhollah. "La politique étrangère des Etats-Unis au Moyen-Orient après le 11 septembre 2011 : en particulier à l'égard de l'Iran (sous la présidence de George W. Bush)." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN0098.
Full textAfter more than three decades from the Islamic revolution of Iran, this country became a further challenge for the United-States. In such a context, the objective of this thesis consists in studying the politic of the United States regarding Iran since the terroristic events of 11 September 2001. In this regard, we used the model of “Rosenau” in this thesis to identify the different factors contributing in the foreign politic of the United States regarding Iran and to determine the impact of each of these determinant factors. Based on this model, we considered the extern, social, governmental, role and individual sources. Among these sources, we focused respectively on extern source and on social and individual sources, considering their further impact on politic of the United States regarding Iran during the presidency of George W. Bush. Indeed, we believe that role and governmental sources have subsidiary impacts. Based on the studied sources, we interpreted that the impact of these determinants on the formation of foreign politic of Bush regarding Iran has resulted in the application of the strategy of multilateral economic, politic and security pressing as well as of a military attack menace against Iran. The objective of these strategies was to change the politic of Iran regarding different subjects. Further, the United States attempted to prepare the necessary basis for overthrowing the regime of Iran from its outside through the public diplomacy
Seignobos, Robin. "L'Egypte et la Nubie à l'époque médiévale : élaboration et transmission des savoirs historiographiques (641-ca. 1500)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H023.
Full textOur study begins with the Arab Muslims’ conquest of Egypt in 641, as it was the first ever contact established between the Arab-Muslim world and Nubia, which was – at the time – under the yoke of the Christian kingdom of Makuria. Our enquiry then follows through to the very fall of the aforementioned kingdom, around the end of the fifteenth century, under circumstances that remain hazy to this very day. Throughout this lengthy period of time, groundbreaking ties were forged between one of the foremost powers in the Muslim world and a Christian kingdom that, although located right at the doorstep the dār al-islām, wasnever conquered. The two distinct parts that make up this doctoral dissertation are structured around the 1173 takeover of the Qaṣr Ibrīm citadel by Šams al-Dawla Tūrānšāh, which signaled the end of the golden age of peaceful relations between Egypt and Nubia as well asushered in a phase of increased Egyptian interference into the running of the Nubian State. This work hinges on a critical analysis of the corpus of Arab historiographical sources (annals, chronicles, biographies…) that we have compared, whenever possible, to Nubian epigraphic and documentary sources. Our approach aims at paying just as much attention to the contents of the various accounts we have gathered as to the conditions in which they were recorded and transmitted, as the latter plays a major part in how they should be consideredand understood