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Journal articles on the topic 'Relations with Japanese authors'
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1
Mosyakov, D. V., and A. V. Tatarinova. "Forming the Image of Modern Russia in Japan." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 1(46) (2020): 462–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-1-1-46-462-482.
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The article analyzes forming the image of modern Russia in Japan. The authors point out that along with the territorial claims of the Japanese regarding the islands belonging to Russia, the negative attitude of the Japanese towards our country is formed by false stereotypes and prejudices. Analyzing the development of relations between countries, the authors attempt to find out the factors that have a particular influence on the image of Russia and Russians in the minds of the Japanese.
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Gribanova, G. I., and A. V. Magdalyuk. "Arctic Strategy of Japan and Russian National Interests." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 16, no. 2 (2022): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2022-02-148-157.
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This work examines the main directions of the Japanese Arctic policy, its impact on the development of Russian-Japanese cooperation in the region.Aim. The study aims to analyze the formation of the Japanese Arctic strategy, to define promising areas and problems of Russian-Japanese relations.Tasks. The authors identify the main stages of the Japanese Arctic policy, determine the significance of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for Tokyo, study the areas of Russian-Japanese cooperation, assess the problems and prospects of bilateral cooperation in the Arctic.Methods. Using the method of comparative analysis, content analysis, event analysis, we have identified areas that contribute to the strengthening of Russian-Japanese relations in the Arctic and factors that can weaken this cooperation.Results. The study shows that Japan seeks to be an active actor in the Arctic processes, since this region will play a significant role in the development of the Japanese economy through the energy supplies diversification. Japan’s key partner here is Russia, and they are implementing a major energy project — Arctic LNG-2. The modernization of the NSR’s infrastructure is another promising area for the development of Russian-Japanese relations. However, there are contradictions that may affect their cooperation — this is the differences in definition the NSR status and the international legal status of the Arctic.Conclusion. Despite Japan’s interest in using the NSR and participation in energy projects in the Russian Arctic, there are some issues that make it difficult to strengthen their Arctic cooperation. There are the problem of the Kuril Islands and the difference in determining the status of the Arctic region.
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CHUGROV, SERGEY V., and DMITRY V. STRELTSOV. "Interdependence of Russo-Japanese Relations and Mutual Images of Japan and Russia." Japanese Journal of Political Science 18, no. 1 (2017): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146810991600030x.
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AbstractThe current efforts of Moscow and Tokyo to unblock the territorial impasse are complicated by some barriers of a socio-psychological character, including mutual mistrust and contradictory images of past events. Public opinion surveys reveal predominant vectors in Russo-Japanese relations, which the authors believe strongly correlate with the evolution of the contradictory images. Apparently, these images surprisingly exhibit interrelated ‘mirror’ dynamics connected with the independent variable – events happening in bilateral relations. Apparently, these images surprisingly exhibit interrelated ‘mirror’ dynamics connected with the independent variable – events happening in bilateral relations. The authors also investigate how public opinion has a real impact on politics and relations between states. In the authors’ opinion, Russia and Japan definitely do not have major unresolved problems in their bilateral relations, with the exception of the territorial problem. However, why is the public so suspicious of Russia? Can the territorial dispute be the only reason? It is far from that. The analyzed arguments give grounds to believe that it is very difficult for Japan and Russia to find a mutually acceptable solution, as their relations are not free from suspicion and mutual mistrust which are deeply rooted in the history of their relations. It will be much easier to overcome the mistrust and, accordingly, to reach agreement on the territorial issue when they manage to calmly analyze the historical grudges, understand their nature and origin, and realize that this is history, which has no contemporary value.
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Tuaev, K. S., and V. V. Nikolaev. "Main Trends in the Development of Economic Relations Between Japan and People’s Republic of China in the XXI Century." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 790–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2311-03.
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This article is devoted to the study of economic relations between Japan and the PRC in 2000–2020. The main indicators of bilateral trade, its structure, indicators of bilateral foreign direct investment between Japan and the PRC are presented and analyzed in the article. An assessment of the current state of Japanese-Chinese economic relations was given, factors affecting their development over the past 20 years were determined using the method of generalization of research materials, methods of comparative and correlation analysis of data, analytical method of information processing. The authors conclude that during the period under review, economic cooperation between Japan and China in trade and investments is expanding and strengthening, and their economic interdependence is increasing. The interest of Japanese corporations in carrying on business and opening branches in the PRC is indicated as the main factor of development. Political instability in bilateral Japanese-Chinese relations is indicated as a deterrent. The authors emphasize that in order to further increase the successful and stable development of economic partnership, the two states need to take specific steps for the purpose of political rapprochement and finding a compromise on controversial issues.
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Popov, Grigorij. "The Khalkhin Gol Conflict and Japan’s Foreign Policy in 1939 – early 1941 (Review of Japanese Historiography)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080022126-5.
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The authors look into the history and events of the Khalkhin Gol war through the prism of political and economic processes in East Asia, using rare historical sources that usually fall under the radar of most researchers. The Japanese troops in the Khalkha River area stopped hostilities due to the position of the country’s top politicians. The authors show that decisions of the Japanese government were determined by China's unyielding resistance against the aggression and the difficult economic situation in Japan, which had lost access to a number of foreign markets after 1 September 1939, causing its interest in the Soviet Trans-Siberian Railway as an alternative route for trade with Europe including Germany. Moreover, the authors point out that one of the key factors that prompted Japanese leadership to agree to peace negotiations with Moscow and stop escalating the military aggression against the USSR was the effectiveness of the Red Army’s actions in Khalkhin Gol. At the same time, Japan’s military expenses significantly increased as a result of the Nomongan conflict. However, as the article proves by concrete examples, the Japanese militarists did not fully abandon their plans of a war against USSR. At the same time, the authors demonstrate that by 1941 Japanese military leaders had reached a dead end in their strategic planning against Soviet Union. Their projects turned out to be inefficient for tasks and goals that had emerged as a result of the Red Army’s victory at Khalkhin Gol.
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Polkhova, E. V., and A. A. Sergunin. "The Arctic Lobby in Japan: Structures, Mechanisms of Infl uence and the Role in Developing Cooperation with the Russian Federation." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 4 (2020): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-4-99-130.
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Japan’s Arctic strategy, particularly its geopolitical and economic aspects, has been thoroughly reviewed by both Russian and foreign experts. However, the structures and mechanisms behind this strategy remain somewhat obscure. This paper is intended to partially fill this gap by resorting to the study of the Japanese Arctic lobby. The authors identify the key interest groups which stand for an active Arctic policy and for cooperation with the Russian Federation in that regard. These include, in particular, the energy sector representatives that sought to take part in the construction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants. The decision of the Japanese government to join the Western anti-Russian sanctions disrupted these plans. However, the adoption of S. Abe’s 8-points plan in 2016 opened up new opportunities for the Russia-Japan Arctic cooperation. Yet another two groups of interest are equally interested in strengthening bilateral relations — shipping and ship-building industries. They also suffered from anti-Russian sanctions but now they are actively engaged in the construction of the LNG jetties near Murmansk and in Kamchatka. There is also a growing interest towards the Arctic region within the fishery industry — a very important sector of Japan’s economy. Cooperation with Russia increases Tokyo’s capacity to participate in the creation of international legal regime of fisheries in the Central Arctic ocean. Finally, the authors identify another important element of the Japanese Arctic lobby — regional elites. In that regard, they examine activities of the Hokkaido prefecture to engage in development of the Northern Sea Route. The paper examines the key mechanisms used by the Arctic lobby to influence the authorities, including sectoral, regional and national business associations, research and educational centers and mass media, as well as ‘built-in lobby’ in relevant ministries and agencies responsible for making and implementing Tokyo’s Arctic policies. The authors conclude that, although the Arctic lobby is unable to persuade the Government to remove anti-Russian sanctions altogether, elaboration of a selective strategy of cooperation with the Japanese business community could strengthen bilateral relations and provide new opportunities for exploiting natural resources of the Far North and developing the Russian Arctic.
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Ivkina, N., N. Galoyan, E. Gavryushenko, and M. Polyakova. "Japan's approaches to the problem of Eurasianism." Journal of Political Research 4, no. 4 (2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-49-62.
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The relevance of the research is due to the need to study the specifics of the ideological and theoretical justification of the concept of Eurasianism in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The concept of Eurasianism, which was recognized in the 20-s of the XX century, is now embodied in the works of domestic and foreign researchers. The purpose of this article is to study the Eurasian concepts in Japan in the political, cultural, and economic dimensions. This is due to the fact that the country claims regional leadership, and also has territorial claims to Russia. The authors of the article ask whether the idea of Eurasianism can help Russian-Japanese relations move to a new level of cooperation and overcome contradictions that go far back in history. For this purpose, the concept of Eurasianism is considered in two planes: as an ideological and theoretical component. The main research methods are historical-system, as well as historiographic methods. They allowed not only to evaluate the approaches of Russian, European and Japanese researchers to the ideas of Eurasianism, but also to identify the origins of their views. The results of the research provide answers to the questions raised at the beginning of the work, namely, the theoretical and practical implementation of Eurasianism in Japan's foreign policy, as well as the role of this idea in Russian-Japanese relations. In conclusion, the authors draw conclusions, why the ideas of Eurasianism are relevant for Japan and what modern researchers put into the theoretical and ideological understanding of the concept.
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Doeringer, Peter B., Christine Evans-Klock, and David G. Terkla. "Hybrids or Hodgepodges? Workplace Practices of Japanese and Domestic Startups in the United States." ILR Review 51, no. 2 (1998): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100201.
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This study examines the adoption of high-performance workplace management practices in Japanese and domestic manufacturing plants, spanning a broad range of products and technologies, that began operations in the United States between 1978 and 1988. Japanese transplants, the authors find, were likely to adopt “hybrid” systems of high-performance practices melding Japanese principles of workplace management with the American industrial relations system. Domestic startups incorporated many of these same techniques, but they tended to take a more limited and piecemeal approach. The managers of domestic startups also paid less attention to how individual high-performance practices fit into an overall system of efficient workplace management than did managers at Japanese transplants.
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Kurmazov, Aleksandr. "Russia-Japan fishery Relations under sanctions." Fisheries 2022, no. 5 (2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2022-5-4-12.
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The problem of the influence of anti-Russian sanctions did not immediately affect Russian-Japanese relations in the field of fisheries, but began to manifest itself in rather unexpected ways. The impact of sanctions on the negotiation process on fisheries between Russia and Japan, the problem of non-payments is considered. Also, the impact of sanctions on the supply of Norwegian salmon to Japan, since the delivery routes passed through the sky of Russia, now it is closed to many countries. Fish products from Russia continue to be in high demand on the world market even under sanctions. Therefore, the import of fish by many countries from Russia remains high. In the Russian press, the issue of sanctions in Russian-Japanese fishing relations is covered little and insufficiently competently. The author's analysis of the problem is mainly based on publications in the Japanese media and Japanese government publications.
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Rostovskaya, T. K., A. S. Lukyanets, and N. S. Ryazantsev. "Features and trends of cross-cultural marriages in Japan." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 11 (November 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.11-20.078.
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Analyzed are peculiarities of creating and developing cross-cultural marriages in modern society. The authors draw attention to the viability of cross-cultural marriages in Japan that account for about 3% of the total number of registered marriages. Special attention is paid to problematic aspects of marriage between Japanese men and Russian girls. Despite existing problems in the life of cross-cultural marriages, the authors note positive role of marriage and family relations between spouses of these marriages, which are able to ensure not only close interaction between representatives of different cultures, ethnic groups and religions, but also to form managerial and organizational processes aimed at improving relations between countries and ethnic groups.
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Popov, Grigorij. "The first year of the Pacific War. Prospects of the Belligerents." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025257-9.
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The article provides a military-historical analysis of the development of events at the initial stage of the War in the Pacific and in East Asia from Japan's attack on the United States to the Battle of Guadalcanal inclusive. The authors aim to answer the question whether the US victory was an accident caused by strategic mistakes of the Japanese command, or whether it was an inevitable pattern. In the work, the authors also try to find out what was the role of the mobilizations in USA and Japan in the first year of the Pacific War in the development of relevant events. The article discusses strategies, in connection with which the authors come to the conclusion that there was no unity among the representatives of the highest military leadership of the Japanese Empire in matters of the directions of the offensives carried out by the imperial armed forces. The authors show the connection between the peculiarities of the mobilization of the armed forces of Japan, USA and Great Britain and the development of events at the initial stage of the War in the Pacific. It is emphasized that the Soviet factor and the resulting expenditure of resources on building up the offensive potential of the Kwantung Army, which absorbed the most prepared ground units, had a negative impact on the long-term plans of the Japanese armed forces. The authors assign great importance to the Battle for Guadalcanal, which due to the diversion of Japan's transport tonnage had a serious impact on the course of the entire Second World War in Asia. The authors pay much attention to the issue of the offensive of Japanese troops in Burma in early 1942 and the prospects of the Japanese invasion of India, they believe that the Japanese high command made a major strategic mistake by refusing to further advance in the western direction. On the other hand, the authors consider the defeat of the British in Burma as a result of the mistakes of the British War Cabinet and the peculiarities of the mobilization of human potential in the British Empire. The authors conclude that the Japanese Empire had a chance of winning the War in the Pacific in 1942.
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Smorgunov, L. V., and O. A. Ignatjeva. "The perception of Japan in the Russian public consciousness." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 4 (January 5, 2023): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2022-4-56-74.
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Japan has long been a country closed to Russia. According to some sources, acquaintance with its inhabitants began in the 17th century, and we received the first direct information about the way of life of the Japanese from the descriptions of those who explored the Far East in the 18th century, as well as from Russian sailors. A particularly invaluable contribution to the question of understanding Japan at the initial stage was made by captain V.M. Golovnin, who was captured by the Japanese. Studying a country means not only focusing on political or economic relations, but also on the psychological perception of the inhabitants of the other country. This level – the level of soft power – is also important for building long-term good neighborly relations, affecting the mentality and the ability to perceive each other in a tolerant way. The purpose of this article is to analyze various sources, both academic and everyday ones, to characterize the image of Japan that has developed in the minds of Russian citizens. To achieve this goal, a phenomenological approach is used in the context of the “perception of the other”. The authors consistently prove the dominance of historical memory in the development of relations, which proceeded according to the type of non-military rivalry and conflict resolution. The logic and structure of the article is a movement from the analysis of relations between the inhabitants of our countries, starting with the notes of navigators of the 19th century, towards the analysis of the dynamics of current relations, and, finally, the discussion of the attitudes and perceptions of Japanese culture by the Russian youth. The authors conclude that the image of Japan in the minds and mentality of Russian citizens is formed according to the agonistic type, which implies the acceptance of the other, and not rejection, as is the case of the “perception of the other” according to the polemos type.
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Evdokimov, Vyacheslav, and Maksim Zaloilo. "Status of the Southern Kurils: Issues of History and Problems of Ensuring Russias National Interests." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2020): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.3.8.
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Introduction. After the end of World War II, a peace treaty between Russia and Japan was never signed. The reason for this lies in the dispute between the two states about the ownership of the Southern Kurils. The intensification of Russian-Japanese negotiations on this issue in recent years actualizes the topic of this study in the context of ensuring the interests of Russia and the inviolability of its territory. Methods and materials. In this paper, the authors use the following methods: interdisciplinary historical, formal-logical, formal-legal. The use of forecasting and modeling methods contributes to the formulation of the main conclusions of the study. The theoretical basis of the research is presented by monographs and scientific articles on the history of Russian-Japanese relations over the Southern Kurils. Analysis. The paper presents the experience of relations between Russia and Japan since the mid-19th century. The basic international treaties that laid the legal basis for the territorial affiliation of the Southern Kurils have been studied in detail. The current state of the Russian-Japanese relations over the Southern Kurils has been analyzed. Japans claims to the Southern Kurils have been assessed in terms of the territorial and economic aspects. Results. The authors conclude that the territorial belonging of the Southern Kuril Islands was recognized by the international community of states as a whole on the basis of provisions of treaties in force at the time of concluding the Joint Declaration of the USSR and Japan of 1956, which entails the nullity of paragraph 2 of clause 9 of this Declaration. The inclusion of provisions on the non-separability of Russian territories in the Russian Constitution requires legislative concretization of the inadmissibility of territorial concessions by Russia in case of the conclusion of a peace treaty with Japan. The conclusion of a peace treaty based on the results of the agreements reached during the negotiations is also possible under other conditions that are not limited to the transfer of the Southern Kurils to Japan. In particular, it is possible to follow the path of economic integration of the respective territories by both countries.
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Lukin, Alexander, and Olga Puzanova. "St. Nicholas of Japan and his approach to state-church relations and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church." St.Tikhons' University Review 99 (February 28, 2022): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi202299.11-29.
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This article examines Nikolai’s views on Church-state relations and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church. These two questions are inextricably linked because having founded and developed the Japanese Orthodox Church, Nikolai sought to build up its relations with the Japanese state, the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian state, according to his understanding of the Orthodox ideal, and his views therefore had a direct bearing on his activities and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church.The topic of Nikolai’s ideas about the status of the Japanese Church is poorly covered by the available literature, which predominantly adopts the simplistic view that Nikolai immediately tried to create a church that was as independent from the Russian Church as possible. This view, however, relies on individual comments taken out of context. The issue is important both in itself and for those who wish to investigate how far the potential indigenisation of the Orthodox Church can be stretched, as well as Nikolai’s views on the matter. The authors conclude that it would be a gross over-simplification to say that Nikolai supported an independent Japanese Church from the outset of his work in the country. In fact, he advocated close ties with the Russian Church for the foreseeable as a guarantee of the Japanese Church’s commitment to true Orthodoxy and fought actively against those who supported premature independence. While it is true that for pragmatic purposes, he would publicly express opinions in support of actual independence for the Japanese Church, this only took place during a period of growth in anti-Russian sentiment in Japan and he would only do so to protect the Church from attacks.
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Streltsov, D. V. "Russian-Japanese Relations: Long-Term Development Factors." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 3 (2020): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-3-72-68-85.
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The article analyzes long-term external and internal factors determining the course of development of Russian-Japanese relations in 2019-2020. On the one hand, the anti-Russian component in Tokyo's foreign policy is shaped by its membership in the Security Treaty with the United States and its solidarity with the sanctions policy of the Group of Seven towards Russia. On the other hand, Japan and Russia are both interested interest in political cooperation in creating multilateral dialog mechanisms of international security in East Asia, resolving the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, and easing tensions around territorial disputes in the East China and South China seas. Among the economic factors, the author focuses on the significant place of Russia in the context of Japan's task of diversifying sources of external energy supplies, as well as on Russia's desire to avoid unilateral dependence on the Chinese market while reorienting the system of foreign economic relations from the West to the East. Personal diplomacy of political leaders plays a significant role in relations between Russia and Japan, and, above all, close personal relationships and frequent meetings between Prime Minister Abe and President Putin, which make it possible to partially compensate the unfavorable image of the partner country in the public opinion of both Russia and Japan. Against the background of a deadlock in the Peace Treaty talks which emerged in 2019, the search for a way out of the diplomatic impasse is on the agenda. In the author's opinion, it would be appropriate at the first stage to proceed to the conclusion of a basic agreement on the basis bilateral relations, which would be "untied" from the Peace Treaty. In addition, Russia could stop criticizing Japan for its security policy and show greater understanding of the Japanese initiative in the field of quality infrastructure. In turn, Japan could take a number of strategic decisions on cooperation with Russia and announce them in the Prime Minister's keynote speech. In addition, Tokyo could stop positioning the issue of the peace Treaty as the main issue in relations with Russia, which would allow our countries to "untie" bilateral relations from the problem of border demarcation and focus on their positive agenda.
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Strelnikov, I. A., and E. S. Bobrovskaya. "THE ROLE OF THE SUFFIX -ISM IN THE WORD FORMATION OF NEOLOGISMS IN THE JAPANESE LANGUAGE." Vestnik of Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, no. 4(114) (November 10, 2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/2618-9526-2023-4-155-162.
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One of the word-formation models of neologisms in the modern Japanese language are words with the affixal suffixation -ism. The article presents factors of the word formation process in comparison of three language systems in historical retrospect. Trends in the development of word formation in the Japanese language have been identified, reflecting the emerging needs of society in consolidating a new conceptual apparatus in the sphere of social relations, engineering and technology, science and culture. The analysis of the publication material is based on data from foreign authors with the aim of high-quality training of orientalist teachers and specialists in the field of oriental languages and culture.
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Hayashi, Mahito. "Democracy Against Labor Movement: Japan’s Anti-Labor Developmental State and Aftermaths." Critical Sociology 47, no. 1 (2020): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520921216.
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This paper investigates the labor-controlling orientation of the Japanese developmental state and its consequences today. Developmental state studies has given us a robust epistemological grid whereby we can make non-Western state formation intelligible. Yet, mainstream authors have tended to treat the working class as a mere appendage to state– business relations, relegating labor politics at the analysis of state– society relations. By using democratic Japan—a prime example of this sort of obfuscation—in combination with Marxian state theory, this paper outlines the difficulties, addresses them, and extends the scope of developmental state studies to labor. After identifying main tenets of the literature, the author constructs a theory of labor control as a stabilizer of relative state autonomy. The author applies this to Japanese labor movements since 1945 and interprets events and processes of labor oppression/regulation through which Japanese capitalism subsumed the working class under the aegis of the developmental state. Labor control, emerging out of an “exceptional state” (Poulantzas, 1974), evolved into a refined socio-relational system that insulated developmental goals from labor movements. This Japanese trajectory keenly mobilized big business and elite labor, which transformed labor control into a bilateral and then a tripartite league in defense of industrial policy and its deskilling/reskilling intervention. By the 1970s, this achieved the famous docility of Japanese labor. The historically constructed character of docile labor force was exploited once again when Japan made a neoliberal turn in its post-development phase.
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Novikova, O. S., and I. S. Rodicheva. "Moral and ethical standards of upbringing in traditional Japanese society." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 1 (January 2021): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.01-21.096.
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Presented is the analysis of moral and ethical standards, that determine the relationship between members of the community, that are primarily attributable to the Confucian doctrine of deification of ancestors, filial piety, unquestioning obedience to elders, detailed regulation of behavior of any member of society. Considering various categories of “duty” in the work, the authors reveal the main distinctive characteristics of interpersonal relations and perception of the world between Japanese and Western cultures, focusing on traditions of human upbringing and laws of communities. The concept of self-identification, that is suppressed against the background of the social in traditional Japan, is considered by the authors not from the point of view of moral and ethical considerations of a European person, but through the prism of group consciousness, which is a widespread phenomenon in Japanese society, since the feeling of being part of a group is one of the basic states of the individual in Japan. The signs of group unity are also reflected in the features of verbal communication that is due to a single lifestyle, a holistic model of education and the desire to satisfy the needs of the interlocutor, i.e. group unity. Drawing an analogy between models and concepts of European culture, the authors note the originality of the Japanese worldview, that is characterized by the desire to conform to the model presented by elders and is the basic infrastructure of education in a hier-archical Japanese society, and non-verbal ways of transmitting behavior models, and formation of group interaction skills are passed from generation to generation.
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Podoba, Z., and V. Gorshkov. "Japan’s Special Tariff System: Practice of Administration." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2015): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-5-81-91.
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This paper examines Special Tariff System (tokubetsu kanzei seido) and its role in the system of trade remedies in Japan. By particularly focusing on measures of anti-dumping, countervailing, emergency, and retaliatory duties the authors implement a comprehensive analysis on both theoretical background and empirical case studies of application of the Special Tariff System and identify peculiar features of its regulation by government authorities. This paper argues that the specificity of Japan’s Special Tariff System is mainly expressed in its institutional context, comprising of salient state regulation, lack of legal transparency and dispersion of the regulating acts on trade remedies in the system of Japanese legislation, pluralism of regulatory authorities and overlapping of their jurisdiction in managing the application of such measures. In addition, this paper provides a systematic view of current legislation on trade remedies in Japan and aims to identify the reasons of infrequent practical application of the Special Tariff System. The authors conclude that bureaucratic barriers, low integrity of the legislation on trade remedies, lack of cooperation between regulatory authorities, resource-based structure of Japanese import are the factors accountable for the infrequency of practical application of the System. Nevertheless, due to the increased import of goods from emerging economies in recent years, namely from China, Republic of Korea, and Taiwan, there is a high probability that the sphere of application of Japan’s Special Tariff System might be extended. Acknowledgments. The paper is prepared in the framework of Saint Petersburg State University’s projects №13.39.327.2014 “Trade remedies in the contemporary international trading system: applicability of international experience for the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan” and №13.54.1140.2014 “Scholarship program of JTI and Saint Petersburg State University”.
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BEDNARCZYK, ADAM. "Dialogised heteroglossia and the Japanese-Chinese mixed style of “Kaidōki”." Stylistyka 32, no. 32 (2024): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/stylistyka32.2023.5.
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This paper attempts to analyse the technique of assimilation of classical Chinese writing into the Japanese literary tradition of the early medieval period. The author’s main focus is one of the three styles used by Japanese authors of the time, namely the mixed Japanese-Chinese style (the so-called wakan konkō buntai). It was used in various prose genres, including travel diaries. Referring to the text of Kaidōki (Records of [a journey along] the seacoast road), a Japanese travel account from the early 13th century, the author shows on the selected source material how, in accordance with Bakhtin’s understanding of heteroglossia, a dialogue occurs on the level of Chinese and Japanese writing and how intertextual relations can influence the formation of the style of a literary work. As can be noted, the historical and literary borrowings from the Chinese tradition (the rich Sino-Japanese vocabulary and the prosaised poems originally composed in classical Chinese) enriched the semantic layer of the Japanese text. This was also reflected in the style of the work, which, despite its “crabbedness” and the fact that it was shaped by the experience of borrowed but also native polyphony, seems to be the optimal way to express it.
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HERSTATT, CORNELIUS, FRANK TIETZE, AKIO NAGAHIRA, and DAVID PROBERT. "THE CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER (CTO) IN LITERATURE AND PRACTICE — A REVIEW AND RESULTS FROM FIELD RESEARCH IN JAPAN." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 04, no. 03 (2007): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877007001089.
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This paper presents a literature review discussing empirical as well as conceptual papers concerning the CTO — the Chief Technology Officer — his tasks, responsibilities and authority and his relations with other corporate functions. It further presents first results of a CTO survey conducted in the Japanese electrical engineering industry in the fall of 2006. Based on both, a set of propositions is presented which the authors test via a large forthcoming empirical study in the same industry.
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Sukhodolov, Alexander, Tuvd Dorj, Yuriy Kuzmin, and Mikhail Rachkov. "The War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact." Известия Байкальского государственного университета 28, no. 4 (2018): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2018.28(4).585-594.
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For the first time in Russian historiography, the article draws attention to the connection of the War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the conclusion of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of 1939. For a long time, historical science considered these two major events in the history of the USSR and history of the world individually, without their historic relationship. The authors made an attempt to provide evidence of this relationship, showing the role that surrounding and defeating the Japanese army at Khalkhin Gol in August 1939 and signing in Moscow of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact played in the history of the world. The study analyzes the foreign policy of the USSR in Europe, the reasons for the failure in the conclusion of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet military union in 1939 and the circumstances of the Pact. It shows the interrelation between the defeat of the Japanese troops at Khalkhin Gol and the need for the Soviet-German treaty. The authors describe the historic consequences of the conclusion of the pact for the further development of the Japanese-German relations and the course of the Second World War. They also present the characteristics of the views of these historical events in the Russian historiography.
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Nefedov, B. I., and M. L. Entin. "Ad hoc international arbitration is the key to improving Russian-Japanese relations." Law Enforcement Review 6, no. 2 (2022): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(2).65-79.
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The subject. The article discusses the international legal positions of Russia and Japan that prevent the conclusion of a peace treaty between them and impede a radical improvement in relations, which is perceived as an urgent need for both sides.The purpose of the article is to show the fundamental differences in the official positions of the governments of Russia and Japan and suggest a fundamentally new diplomatic and legal solution to the long-standing territorial dispute among the states, which will result in finally breaking the deadlock.Methodology. The research is based on the methods such as historical research, formal logic, including analysis, synthesis, and modeling, as well as systematic, comparative and interpretation. Materials include national and international laws and scholarly articles, books relating to Russian-Japanese relations, as well as its international legal aspects.The main results, scope of application. The authors note that the end of the Cold War transformed Europe. Since that time there have been a reformatting of military alliances, the unification of Germany, reconciliation of the nations warring since ancient times. All these are based on the recognition of the inviolability of the outcome of the Second World War and established territorial structure. In comparison with Europe, it had smaller consequences in Asia. All previous dividing lines and lines of conflicts are preserved. Nothing was done to reunite the divided nations. Reconciliation by and large also did not happen. One of the burning problems has remained the territorial claims of Japan to Russia on the four islands of the Southern Kuril and the unresolved long-standing dispute over affiliation of the islands. The international legal position of Russia is that the legal status of the islands was determined by the results of the Second World War. Japan proceeds from the premise that the Islands historically belonged to it and the actual sovereignty of Russia over them does not change the case. Since the international legal positions of the sides do not have any common ground, it is pointless to argue about them or try to change them.Conclusions. In this situation the only possible wise and fair solution is to bring the dispute beyond the framework of bilateral relations for quite a long time, which will need to be used for their radical improvement. In the article the authors explain in detail how it can be done. In particular, it is proposed to establish a special Russian-Japanese international court ad hoc. The study explains and justifies its possible mandate, the procedure of formation and the role of the agreement establishing such a Court in the conclusion of a peace treaty between the sides. It is shown how and under what circumstances the activities of the Court can be successful and bring the desired results.
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Larin, V. L., and L. L. Larina. "Modern Perception of Japan by Vladivostok Citizens (Based on a 2021 Survey)." Russian Japanology Review 5, no. 2 (2023): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2658-6444-2022-2-34-58.
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This article presents an analysis of the contemporary perception of Japan by the Vladivostok citizens, as well as their views of the current state of Russia-Japan relations and their prospects. The research is based on the results of a survey conducted in May–September 2021 by the Public Opinion Studies Laboratory of the Institute of History of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The data obtained are compared with the results of similar investigations of previous years and Vladivostok people’s views of other countries that are significant for Vladivostok, namely, China, the USA, India, and the two Koreas.The authors point out that the Japanese factor has played an important role in the history of the city, and therefore Japan attracts so much attention of the city’s dwellers. In their opinion, the high level of attractiveness of Japan which, in the past two decades, has been recorded by public opinion surveys in Vladivostok and other centers of Pacific Russia is based, primarily, on the people’s interest in the unique culture of the Land of the Rising Sun, their high assessment of the economic and technological development of Japan and the prosperity of the Japanese people. At the same time, the historical experience of Russia-Japan relations and the political contradictions existing between the two countries make a large part of the respondents (about one-third of their total number) believe that there are threats to Russia from Japan, which are naturally associated with Japan’s territorial claims. Yet, the Vladivostok residents, for the most part, demonstrate a fairly high level of trust in Japan, positively assess the quality of current Russia-Japan relations and prospects for their future, and favor their active development.
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Saka, Chika, and Tomoki Oshika. "Disclosure effects, carbon emissions and corporate value." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (2014): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-09-2012-0030.
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Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of corporate carbon emissions and disclosure on corporate value, especially regarding whether disclosure helps to reduce uncertainty in valuation as predicted by carbon emissions using a unique data set on Japanese companies. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical analysis of the relations between corporate carbon emissions using compulsory filing data to Japanese Government covering more than 1,000 firms, corporate carbon management disclosure (CDP disclosure), and the market value of equity. Findings – The authors find that corporate carbon emissions have a negative relation with the market value of equity, the disclosure of carbon management has a positive relation with the market value of equity, and the positive relation between the disclosure of carbon management and the market value of equity is stronger with a larger volume of carbon emissions. Practical implications – The results may be important when considering the inclusion of carbon disclosure as a component of nonfinancial disclosure. In addition, the findings encourage Japanese companies to reduce carbon emissions and to disclose their carbon management activities. Originality/value – The authors provide the first empirical evidence of an interactive effect between the volume of carbon emissions and carbon management disclosure on the market value of equity. And, the results concerning the relation between environmental performance, disclosure, and market value are readily generalizable, especially as all companies emit carbon, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the results are arguably free of problems with sampling bias and endogeneity as the authors employ data obtained from the compulsory filing of carbon emissions information.
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Shurshikova, Anna V., Ekaterina S. Surovegina, and Elena N. Solomakha. "Reflection of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 in Everyday Life of the Nizhny Novgorod Province." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 2 (February 21, 2024): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2024.2.17.
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In this article, the authors, using the example of Nizhny Novgorod, examined the dynamics of changes in the relationship between society and government in the Russo-Japanese War. The attitude of the classes to the war and its results, as well as the impact that the conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace had on the development of the revolutionary movement in the province were analyzed. The authors noted that in the initial stages of the war, the population of the Nizhny Novgorod province responded with a surge of patriotic sentiments, expressed in the active collection of donations, the arrangement of hospitals, and the sending of military ambulance trains to the front. However, the patriotic outburst, which manifested itself clearly at the beginning of the war, was re-placed, first by openly expressed discontent, and subsequently by a revolutionary outburst in the province, which the authorities managed to suppress with great difficulty. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the course of hostilities in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 was projected by the population on their own relations with the authorities and found a mirror image in the imperial hinterland.
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PARK, CHEOL HEE. "Political Dynamics of Regime Transformation in Japan in the 1990s." Japanese Journal of Political Science 5, no. 2 (2004): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109904001537.
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The 1990s is perceived in Japan as a lost decade, but it also was a decade of profound political, economic and institutional transformation. Books and articles reviewed here analyze this unprecedented change from diverse angles. Authors are in agreement that Japanese political economy has undergone major transformation in the 1990s. However, over the issue of how much and in what area those changes have occurred, authors take different standpoints. Also as to what would be the shape of future political setup, they provide us with divergent scenarios.
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ERMAKOV, DMITRY, GRIGORY POPOV, and OLEG KAZENKOV. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON THE MILITARY-POLITICAL SITUATION IN EAST ASIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF 1941: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS." Sociopolitical Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-2-106-118.
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The authors, relying on previously unexplored and little-studied materials, analyze the reasons for the refusal of the top leadership of Japan from armed aggression against the USSR and the turn of the expansion of militaristic Japan into the zone of the South Seas. The authors conclude that the famous decision to abandon the attack on Soviet territories was dictated by the entire course of the Sino-Japanese war, which took a lot of resources from Japan and, moreover, required the seizure of possessions in Southeast Asia. It was precisely because of the occupation of Southern Indochina that relations between Japan and the United States became sharply complicated in the second half of the summer of 1941, which led to an embargo by the Allies against Japan and the latter’s attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Deeg, Richard. "The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism: Germany and Japan in Comparison. Edited by Wolfgang Streeck and Kozo Yamamura. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001. 304p. $45.00 cloth." American Political Science Review 96, no. 4 (2002): 870–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402930467.
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Motivated originally by a concern for the future of the German and Japanese economic models, the authors in this volume actually probe the origins and evolution of these two varieties of nonliberal capitalism. German and Japanese capitalism is nonliberal in that the economies of these countries are more socially and politically regulated than are their Anglo-American counterparts. Markets are also more “embedded” to the degree that economic transactions are also constrained to serve noneconomic objectives, such as social cohesion, or are supported by noneconomic social ties. Embeddedness, it is argued, creates higher levels of “committed labor” and “patient capital” and thus a long-term focus (and cooperation based on loyalty and trust) in economic relations among actors. One of the more intriguing findings of the volume is that formally, very different institutions generate functionally equivalent outcomes and systemic logics across the two cases.
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Toyoda, Tetsuya, Ekaterina Vaseneva, and Ryo Takahama. "Security Policy Options for Japan in Three Time Frameworks." RUDN Journal of World History 14, no. 4 (2022): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-410-426.
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This paper examines security policy options for Japan at the present stage that may be worth considering in the short term, the midterm, and the long term, respectively. Hence, the aim of the paper is to examine foreign policy security options for Japan in the foreseeable future. While providing a comprehensive overview of the Japanese foreign and security policy at the present stage, the article employs the case study methodological framework to analyze Japan’s foreign policy objectives in case of Tokyo’s relations with the most critical partners in the Asia-Pacific Region - namely, the United States, China, Russia, ASEAN, and Taiwan. Examining the origin and further development of the QUAD, the authors highlight the absence of ASEAN members and India’s hesitation to institutionalize the grouping, while analyzing the Russia-Japan relations they focus on common interests in security cooperation, as well on its limitations. As a result, in the short term, the expansion of the Japan-US alliance to the Indo-Pacific region is the most plausible option. However, without involving the ASEAN countries, the Free and Open IndoPacific (FOIP) strategy can only add Australia and India to the existing Japan-US alliance. In the midterm, an alliance with Russia may be, with some serious limitations, geographically a natural option. In the long term, Japan might need to find a proper place in a China-centered order in East Asia. Therefore, the authors conclude that the relative decline of US influence in East Asia is unavoidable in the coming decades, Japan must adjust or even reconsider its security policy.
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Starovoytova, E. O. "China in the Russian Satirical Press During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905." Modern History of Russia 11, no. 4 (2021): 1023–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.412.
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Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and the Portsmouth Peace Treaty radically changed the balance of power in the Far East. It caused considerable damage to the image of the Russian Empire in the international arena and had a negative impact on Sino-Russian relations. However, one set of sources allows us to look at the well-known events from a different angle, and this has remained outside the attention of specialists in Sino-Russian relations. Russian satirical periodicals at the turn of the 20th century can serve as such a source, for it was during this period that more information about China became available to a wide range of readers in the Russian press. Along with the growing number of references to China, authors and readers inevitably began to form a unique and sometimes contradictory image of the eastern neighbor. This image, on the one hand, was directly related to current events in politics and international relations, and on the other could itself have a certain influence on the relations of the two empires at various levels. The Russo-Japanese War occupied a special place in the formation of Russia’s image of the East, in general, and of China, in particular. References to military operations on the Far Eastern fronts are found in virtually every issue of the 1904–1905 satirical magazines Budil’nik and Strekoza, which were popular at the time. Of course, the main “evil” for contemporaries was Japan, portrayed in extremely unsightly forms. However, China was not ignored either, especially since military actions partly took place on its territory. This article explores how China was seen by representatives of one of the most popular journalistic genres of those years.
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Liang, Chenxue. "Calling Back the Soul: From Apocryphal Buddhist Sutras to Onmyōdō Rituals." Religions 14, no. 4 (2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14040476.
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Three Japanese Buddhist scriptural manuscripts related to the practice of calling back the soul are kept in Nanatsudera, Hōbodaiin in Toji, and Kōshōji, respectively. They show complex lineage connections that have been discussed little. This paper discusses the relations between the two sutras contained in the three manuscripts, traces their respective origins, and analyzes how Japanese authors transformed the apocryphal sutras into a liturgical text. Both the Nanatsudera and the Hōbodaiin manuscripts consist of the Sutra on Calling Back the Soul, while the Kōshōji manuscript comprises the Duxing Sutra. All of them were classified as Buddhist apocrypha written by Chinese authors. While the two sutras share similar text structures and the use of words, their contents reveal remarkable differences. The Sutra on Calling Back the Soul focuses mainly on how to release the souls of the dead and how to prevent fulian (reconnection with the dead), while the Duxing Sutra focuses on the healing of diseases and the alleviation of disasters through the restitution of the souls of the living. The Sutra on Calling Back the Soul has exerted a long-lasting effect in Japan where it was paraphrased into a liturgical text for the removal of disasters and the prolongation of life.
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DULATBEKOV, Nurlan. "Analysis of Kazakhstan-Japanese Relations in the Post-War and Their Influence on the Tourism Industry and Economic Development." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 6 (2021): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.6(54).22.
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Analysis of both domestic and foreign literature made it possible to formulate research tasks, which were determined by the complexity and versatility of the problem, its relevance and novelty. All these factors made it necessary to focus the author's attention on such key aspects as the nature of Kazakh-Japanese relations in the post-war years, which subsequently influenced the socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including the Karaganda region, which clearly demonstrates the role that Japanese prisoners of war played in the development of the economy of the Karaganda region in the first post-war years, and, consequently, in strengthening the material base of the social welfare of not only the inhabitants of the region, but also the republic as a whole. The aim of the study is to analyze the development of Kazakh-Japanese relations in the post-war years and their impact on the further development of the tourism industry and the economic situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Davis, Christina L., and Yuki Shirato. "Firms, Governments, and WTO Adjudication: Japan's Selection of WTO Disputes." World Politics 59, no. 2 (2007): 274–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2007.0021.
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What explains the selection of cases for WTO adjudication? This article explores the business conditions under which industries lobby their home government to use the WTO adjudication process and the political factors that influence government decisions. It explains the industry pattern of selection for international trade disputes as a function of the velocity of the business environment. While WTO adjudication is seen as costly and slow, a positive ruling brings broad benefits in terms of deterrence against future discrimination. Firms in static industries will invest in WTO dispute settlement to achieve these benefits, but firms in industries shaped by dynamic competition have high opportunity costs that make them less willing to pursue adjudication. This argument accounts for why there are fewer WTO cases about electronics industry issues than there are likely incidences of protectionist measures. Since Japan is a leading exporter and provides a government report with unique data on potential WTO disputes, it was chosen to test the argument in greater depth. Interviews with Japanese business officials and statistical analysis of an original data set provide support for the argument. The authors conclude that the passive attitude toward WTO adjudication by Japan's largest export industry, electronics, and the sensitivity of Japan's diplomatic relations with China have constrained the cases that Japan files. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of the WTO for dispute settlement is conditional upon the time horizon of the industry and the political relations among members.
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Patterson, Dennis, and Dick Beason. "Politics, Pressure, and Economic Policy: Explaining Japan's Use of Economic Stimulus Policies." World Politics 53, no. 4 (2001): 499–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2001.0019.
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While supplementary budgeting has long been part of the Japanese fiscal cycle, substantive and procedural aspects of the process have changed. First, since the late 1970s, supplementary budgets have been used to fund government economic stimulus efforts (keizai taisaku), and second, since the late 1980s, these budgets have been assembled several months after the announcement of the actual stimulus packages. Such stimulus policies do not fit the prevailing model of the Japanese electoral business cycle, which emphasizes the targeting of benefits by the Liberal Democratic Party (ldp) at its constituents at election time. This article addresses this anomoly by developing a theory of how governing parties use the economic policy process to serve their electoral interests, particularly through broadly gauged policies designed to improve macroeconomic conditions. The authors amend the prevailing model to allow an adequate test of their electoral theory to be conducted. The results suggest that Japanese economic stimulus policies were the result of governing parties' attempts to expand their support at election time and to satisfy U.S. pressure to usefiscalpolicy to stimulate domestic demand.
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Streltsov, Dmitry. "National identity, collective memory and history wars in East Asia." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2022): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015325-4.
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The article addresses the phenomenon of “history wars” between China and the Republic of Korea, on the one side, and Japan, on the other, which broke out after the cold war around the historical interpretation of Japan’s expansionist policy on the mainland, especially in the period of WWII. The aim of the article is to examine the origin, the ethical and the political underpinnings of “history wars”, specifically in the context of collective memories of WWII and the national identities in the three countries. The authors tried to trace the prehistory of the formation of national identities in East Asia in the twentieth century. While South Korea and China perceive the period of Japan’s imperialist expansion in the XX century through the dualistic prism of the relationship between the victim and the criminal, in Japan the policy on the mainland, although considered to be "erroneous", is not subject to unconditional condemnation on the grounds that at that time all the imperialist states acted the same way. Besides, the discourse of victimhood based on war sufferings of the Japanese people is in conflict with the wounded feelings of the East Asian nations. The article articulates the role of patriotic education and, specifically, the policy of creating museums and historical memorials in the three countries in conducting “history wars”. The authors insist that the interplay of domestic discourse and international memory politics has become a durable source of paramount tension in the international relations of the region.
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Taylor, Jeremy E., and Zhiyi Yang. "Towards a New History of Elite Cultural Expression in Japanese-Occupied China." European Journal of East Asian Studies 19, no. 2 (2020): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01902003.
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Abstract This paper provides a ‘state of the field’ view of what the authors refer to as the ‘new cultural history’ of Japanese-occupied China. It explores how this small but growing field is beginning to provide new perspectives on questions of ‘collaboration’ and ‘resistance’ that have dominated many recent studies of wartime China. In addition, the authors argue that more research needs to focus on elite forms of Chinese cultural expression under occupation (a topic which has hitherto eluded serious academic scrutiny). This introduction also introduces the four key papers which make up this special issue.
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PETROVICH, V. G., and S. I. SAMSONOV. "THE SARATOV VOLGA REGION AND THE FAR EAST: THREE CENTURIES OF RELATIONS." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/1 (2018): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/1-93-103.
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The article deals with the dynamics of the development of the Far East with the help of labor migration in the period from the 1860s to the present day. The authors analyze the intensity of migration flows, the reasons for their decline or increase, talk about new settlements founded by immigrants from the Saratov Volga region in the Amur and Primorye regions of the Russian Empire, and trace the fate of these settlements to this day. The authors identify the reasons for the lack of support for the resettlement movement in the Russian Empire by the state until the beginning of the twentieth century, and the reasons that prompted the government to develop an effective resettlement program since 1906. Attention is paid to the participation of Saratov in the Russian-Japanese war in the Far East. The extensive statistical material contained in the official publications following the results of the all-Russian population censuses of 1897, 2002 and 2010 is used. Internet sources, websites of public organizations, official state bodies, mass media are attracted. The migration policy of P.A. Stolypin, Prime Minister of Imperial Russia and former Saratov Governor- General is analyzed. In comparison with it, the project "far Eastern hectare" is considered, which the modern Russian government considers as the main tool for the inflow of population to the vast far Eastern territories. The authors prove the ineffectiveness of the project due to the small amount of allocated land, their unsuitability for agriculture or other socially significant activities, remoteness from communications, the lack of benefits for immigrants on such a scale as it was a century ago. The conclusion to which the researchers come: only taking into account the experience of generations of Russians in the development of the Far East, the traditional connection of the regions of Russia, proved by the example of the Saratov Volga region, providing immigrants with all the necessary and benefits no worse than a century ago, it is possible to ensure the priority development of the Far East.
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CAMPBELL, JOHN CREIGHTON, and ETHAN SCHEINER. "Fragmentation and Power: Reconceptualizing Policy Making under Japan's 1955 System." Japanese Journal of Political Science 9, no. 1 (2008): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109907002836.
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AbstractIn the 1980s, a wave of new–extremely clever and detailed–studies revolutionized the Japanese politics field. The empirical findings of this ‘new paradigm’ literature remain the conventional wisdom on Japanese policy-making patterns under the ‘1955 System’. In this paper, we offer a critical reinterpretation of the new paradigm literature. We do not offer new empirical analysis, but, rather, reconsider this conventional wisdom by putting a new spin on the evidence previous authors utilized to analyze the policy-making process in Japan under the 1955 System. Contrary to the conventional view of strong central bureaucratic power, we argue that in the 1960s policy making was quite fragmented. In contrast to literature suggesting substantial politician influence in the 1980s, we argue that there was a decline in the influence of politicians in general in policy making.
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Takashima, Katsuyoshi, and Changju Kim. "The effectiveness of power-dependence management in retailing." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 1 (2016): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2015-0039.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate retailers’ power-dependence management through the lens of supply chain diversification, and explore how it is linked to their logistic arrangements in managing suppliers and their retail performance. Design/methodology/approach – Hypotheses are tested using a structural equation modelling based on survey data from 186 merchandising division heads at Japanese retail companies. Findings – The results reveal that quick-response inventory replenishment is positively related to retailers’ use of power-dependence management. This management practice leads to enhanced retail competitiveness and, thus, higher sales growth in supply chain relationships. Originality/value – This study contributes to understanding how retailers’ logistic arrangements work by modelling power relations within supply chains, drawing on power-dependence theory. The authors propose an alternative view of logistics systems to that of the widely adopted transaction cost theory. The authors find that supplier investments in quick-response inventory management may not be a relationship-specific asset.
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Zabiyako, Anna A., and Wang Yuqi. "The Image of the Perception of the Japanese and Japan in the Pre-Revolutionary Experience of Artistic Reflection: The Genre Aspect." Humanitarian Vector 17, no. 1 (2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-1-19-28.
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The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of modern literary criticism in the imagological aspects and the problem of developing a research strategy in relation to this kind of texts. The novelty of the work is defined by the genre approach to the study of the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese in Russian pre-revolutionary literature dedicated to the events of the Russian-Japanese war, the introduction of previously unknown texts into scientific circulation, a comparative analysis of narrative strategies that determine the genre specificity of each text. The purpose of the work is to explicate the genre originality of works on the RussianJapanese war, which determines the perspective of the pre-revolutionary artistic reception of the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese in Russia. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that underpins the imagological paradigm of research. The authors rely on Russian and Chinese works on the history of Japan, Russian-Japanese relations, ethnography of Japan, ethnopsychology, religious studies, on the broad context of imagological research; apply historical-literary, comparative-historical, immanent analysis methods. The complex research is based on modern works concerning the problems of genre studies. The article traces the path of transformation of perceptions of Japan and the Japanese in Russian literature since the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of 20th century which is determined by the genre task of the works: from the first travelogues to the jingoistic notes in periodicals and further to “pacifist” fiction and post-war artistic experiences – the spy and detective text by A. I. Kuprin, the military diaries by V. V. Veresaev, a children’s ethnographic story by I. I. Mitropolsky. We conclude that the tragic and inglorious experience of the Russian-Japanese war pushed the horizons of not only the scientific comprehension of Japan and the Japanese by Russian scientists but also giving development to various genres of Russian literature opened the artistic possibilities of new ethnocultural and ethnopsychological experiences of self-knowledge of Russianness and Russians.
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Markina, A. A., S. N. Chepkasov, and M. A. Berezhnaya. "KINEMATIC STUDY OF THE FOUR-WHEELED STEERING SYSTEM." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 5 (2019): 580–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-5-580-591.
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Introduction. Since the second half of the 20th century the safety in the automotive industry has been bringing to the forefront. Therefore, researches pay special attention to stability and controllability. These properties increase in a variety of ways, one of which is using of the four-wheel steering system (4WS). Foreign literature presents technical solutions on the example of sport cars and some Japanese models.Materials and methods. The paper provided an analysis of the four-wheeled steering passenger car’s kinematics. The authors considered the turning geometry with positive and negative steering angles of rear axle, on the basis of which the researches proposed calculation formulas for determining the turning radius of the car and the angles of the wheels’ rotation. The kinematic relations used in designing a steering system with four steered wheels.Results. The authors on the example of Volkswagen Polo calculated the turning radius and controllability depending on the steering wheels’ angles of the front and rear axles. As a result, the paper demonstrated the change in parameters and the effect on the safety and handling of the vehicle. The authors also highlighted the advantages of using a four-wheeled steering system.
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Wohlrab-Sahr, Monika, and Christoph Kleine. "Historicizing Secularity." Comparative Sociology 20, no. 3 (2021): 287–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10035.
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Abstract Drawing upon the critique of secularization theory, especially its lack of historical depth, this article outlines a research agenda that focuses on a specific – but fundamental – aspect of secularization: it aims at the historicization of conceptual distinctions and institutional differentiations between the religious and the secular. The authors employ the heuristic concept of ‘secularity’ to refer to these demarcations, and argue that secularization studies should give due consideration to their historical predecessors in various world regions. This seems important against the background of enduring criticisms, which consider such distinctions and differentiations either as an exclusively Western achievement or as a colonial imposition on non-Western regions. Taking into account the development of different historical paths, the authors highlight the transcultural, but in its concrete shape nevertheless culturally specific emergence of distinctions and differentiations related to religion, and propose secularity as a tertium comparationis for comparative research in this field. The authors introduce two different religious and societal settings in the medieval period – Japanese Buddhism and Islam in the Middle East – in order to illustrate the divergent ideational and structural backgrounds to the development of relations between the religious and the secular.
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Wang, Yuanfei. "Java in Discord." positions: asia critique 27, no. 4 (2019): 623–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-7726916.
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In the late sixteenth century, thriving private maritime trade brought forth maritime trouble to the late Ming state. In times of rampant “Japanese” piracy and Hideyoshi’s invasion of Korea, Chinese literati composed unofficial histories and vernacular fiction on China’s foreign relations. Among them, Yan Congjian 嚴從簡 wrote Shuyu zhouzi lu 殊域周咨錄 (Records of Surrounding Strange Realms) (1574), He Qiaoyuan 何喬遠 compiled Wang Xiangji 王享記 (Records of the Emperors’ Tributes) (1597–1620), Luo Yuejiong 羅曰褧 penned Xianbin lu 咸賓錄 (Records of Tributary Guests) (1597), and Luo Maodeng 羅懋登 composed a vernacular novel Sanbao taijian xiyangji tongsu yanyi 三寶太監西洋記通俗演義 (Vernacular Romance of Eunuch Sanbao’s Voyages on the Indian Ocean) (1598). This article examines how the imminent maritime realities reminded the late Ming authors of one cross-border war and two genocides in Java and Sanfoqi during Yuan and early and mid-Ming times. These transgressions that violated Chinese official tributary order became memorable and made Sino-Java relations a definite point of comparison for the late Ming maritime piracy problems. This article argues that the cultural memory of Sino-Java military and diplomatic exchange enabled the authors to lament and condemn the executed pirates Wang Zhi and Chen Zuyi. The four authors imbue their narratives with personal anxieties and nationalistic sentiments. While the historical narratives tend to moralize and idealize China’s tributary world order, the vernacular fiction paints a more realistic picture of the late Ming state by involving heterogeneous voices of the “other.” Collectively, the four narratives represent various images of the Ming Empire, revealing the authors’ deep apprehension of the Mings’ identity, their political criticism of the state, and their divergent and even self-conflicted views toward maritime commerce, immigrants, and people of different races.
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Bochniarz, Marek S., and Przemysław Sztafiej. "Japońskie filmy o Ajnach w perspektywie amerykańskiego westernu." Przestrzenie Teorii, no. 31 (December 6, 2019): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2019.31.19.
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Recently the topic of transnationalism in the arts has become a popular strand of academic research. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is not an entirely new concept. In cinema it has been a constant element since its inception. One of the most important inspirations for world cinema has been the traditional cinematography of the USA, especially from the period of the great film studios, with the western being one of the most popular and imitated genres. Although it seems to be inextricably connected with the American myth of the frontier, the Wild West, the theme of expansion, and the conflict of ‘civilization’ and ‘wildness/savagery’ has reverberated outside the USA. In Japan westerns resonated on both the consumer-commercial and artistic levels. Japanese filmmakers utilized elements of the genre while weaving in some native contexts. The history of colonization of the northern island of Hokkaidō and its native inhabitants – the Ainu people – have been a point of reference for Japan-based western films. In this article, the authors analyze the western-specific genre elements in Japanese films about the Ainu people, while concentrating on the portrayal of individuals, groups and human relations on the frontier.
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Lee, Su Ki. "Korea from the perspective of Western journalists during the opening of the port: Siegfried Genthe, Jack London, William A: son Grebst, Frederick Arthur McKenzie." Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 86 (May 31, 2023): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.86.159.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, I would like to look at Korea from the perspective of Western journalists during the opening of the port. The researcher focused on four interests that Western journalists are interested in due to paper relations: Seoul, Koreans, journalists, men and women. Chapter II briefly introduces the authors and books of German Genthe, American Jack London, Swedish Ason Grebst, and British Mackenzie by order of visit. Chapter III deals with the perception of the Russo-Japanese War, focusing on American Jack London, Swedish Ason Grebst, and British Mackenzie, except for Gente, who visited in 1901.Western journalists commonly pointed out that Japan attacked the Russo-Japanese War first. Western journalists viewed Japan more favorably than Russia. However, it has not deviated from Westerners' perception of orientalism. Chapter IV dealt with the interests of the four journalists, Genthe, Jack London, Ason Grebst, and Mackenzie. It was confirmed that Western reporters' perceptions and views of Seoul were based on orientalism. Reporters also recorded what they saw with their own eyes according to their duties, not as “difference,” but as “different.” Except for Jack London, Genthe, Ason Grebst, and Mackenzie did not have orientalist perceptions of Western journalists' perceptions of Koreans. Jack London reflected Orientalist thinking about Koreans in his writing. Other reporters, however, recorded their first-hand experiences with Koreans, characterizing them. This is also the Korean perspective on Westerners from a different perspective. Western journalists' perception of journalists predicted Japan's victory during the Russo-Japanese War. Journalists had to be censored for Japanese surveillance and articles in Korea. What is unusual is that it did not show an orientalist perception of the media. This is what reporters judged according to the situation at the time. Finally, in the case of Western journalists' views on Korean men and women, Genthe and Jack London expressed orientalist perceptions by mentioning that Korea is a male-centered society. On the other hand, Ason Grebst and Mackenzie described Korean women by status. As described above, the researcher looked at Korea from the perspective of Western journalists during the opening of the port. Although Westerners come to Korea with orientalist perception, it was confirmed by analyzing that orientalist perception changes through direct experience. In the future, this researcher thinks that reporters should study what they perceive about Korea more abundantly.
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Fedorovskii, A., and V. Shvydko. "National Security and Development as Strategic Priorities of the Republic of Korea and Japan." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 8 (2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-8-41-50.
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The article explores new policies related to security and economic development as represented by the cases of the Republic of Korea and Japan. It assesses combination of old and new internal and external challenges to security, economic development, and social stability, noting the increased interplay of factors affecting national security and innovative growth. The latter is increasingly viewed as an indispensable condition for military, political and social security of a nation, for effectively responding to external pressures as well as to ecological, epidemiological and technology-related risks. Rising technological capabilities in the two Northeast Asian nations contribute to their international ambitions. The authors analyze the tendency in the Republic of Korea to pursue a more independent foreign policy as a “middle power”, and Japan’s growing international and military profile in the Asia Pacific. The risks and possible future consequences of this trend are explored and assessed. The authors identify the priorities of the Republic of Korea’s development strategy within the framework of the “Korean New Deal”, and a new vision of the future of Japan as presented in the strategic documents of its government. They note greater aspirations of the two nations to increase their competitive edge in the regional and global race to reach and retain leading positions in the international hierarchy of economic and political power. New tools to ensure this edge are being tested by South Korean and Japanese governments, as old instruments of industrial policy seem to be losing strength and produce little effect. Acknowledgements. This paper was written as part of the research project “Post-Crisis World Order: Challenges and Technologies, Competition and Cooperation” under the grant of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for conducting major scientific projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement No. 075-15-2020-783).
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Sholkova, M. A. "Japan's foreign policy in the settlement of territorial disputes." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 3 (May 25, 2023): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2303-06.
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Territorial disputes are a key element of Japanese security, directly aff ecting Tokyo's relations with all three of its closest neighbors: China, Russia and South Korea. Because of its complex history of repeated invasions as well as militaristic expansion, Japan has accumulated a tangled legacy of confl icts and disputes with its neighbors over the three contiguous territories, namely Senkaku, Dokdo, and the Kuril Islands, claiming or disputing sovereignty over them. The disputes discussed in the article are a direct result of Japan's involvement in World War II and the often ambiguous language used in treaties and other documents signed at the end of it. The article presents Tokyo's position based on Japanese documents and the positions of Beijing, Seoul and Moscow based on the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Declaration and the San Francisco Peace Treaty. The author illustrated her arguments with maps. During the analysis physiographic and historical approaches were used. The author's examination of these disputes provides a clear picture of how the changing security environment has aff ected the position of Japan and its neighbors over time. In the 2000s, Tokyo introduced a special term — territorial diplomacy "redogayko" which goal was international recognition of the legitimacy of Japanese sovereignty over disputed territories. The Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Japan conducts an active policy to inform the world community about the rights of Tokyo to the Senkaku Islands, Takeshima, and the socalled "Northern Territories". During the analysis of the positions of the concerned countries the author concludes that Japan successfully defends the ownership of the Senkaku Islands, but so far has no proper results with Dokdo and the Kuril Islands. Russia's attitude to these disputes cannot be passive. First, Moscow is a direct party to one of them. Second, South Korea and China are basing their arguments on Japan's imperial past and, like Russia, on World War II documents.
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Oh, Sang Mee. "‘Why Korea Failed?’: The American Discourse of Korea’s Historical Failure at the Turn of the 20th Century." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 29, no. 4 (2022): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-29040002.
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Abstract The discourse of Korea’s failed history has been mostly a production of Japanese colonial scholarship, but the early texts that American authors produced were what guided the Western understanding of Korean history during the long 20th Century. Despite the importance of these texts that left significant imprints on later academic works and policy decisions, scholars have not as yet examined properly the American discourse of failure in Korean history. This article analyzes the representative American books on Korean history of authors William E. Griffis and Homer B. Hulbert to describe the emergence of the American discourse of Korea’s failed history in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. It argues that early American authors of accounts of Korean history wrote them in a specific narrative structure that depicted Korea’s past as a story of gradual decline that ended with failure. These works identify three major themes – isolation, victimization, and dependency – as explanations for why Korea failed. Then, the article examines the doctoral dissertations of Harold J. Noble and George M. McCune to show how this early narrative framework during the 1930s and the 1940s continued thereafter to shape U.S. understanding of Korea even into the 1950s, informing both policymakers and scholars.
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Gavrilina, Tatiana. "Japanese Episode from The Life of Heinrich Schliemann: On The Bicentennial Anniversary." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080018391-7.
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The authors refer to an interesting episode from the life of the famous German businessman and archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, known throughout the world thanks to large-scale excavations at the site of ancient Troy, as well as on the Peloponnese Peninsula. The article details Henry's trip to Japan, which he undertook as part of a round-the-world trip in 1864–1866. As part of this visit, he visits the Yokohama, Hachioji and Edo (modern Tokyo) with it’s the Kabuki theaters, tea houses, shops, ikebana schools, etc. There he was witnessing the local customs that were extremely amazing to a person of European morality. At the end of his three-week stay in the Land of the Rising Sun, he departs on the English merchant steamer “Queen of Avon” across the Pacific to San Francisco.