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1

Gharbi, Mohamed. "Relationship between the southern Atlas foreland and the eastern margin of Tunisia (Chotts-Gulf of Gabes) : tectono-sedimentary, fault kinematics and balanced cross section approaches." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4340/document.

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L'architecture structurale de l’avant-pays sud atlasique tunisien est caractérisée par un style tectonique mixte résultant de la réactivation de failles normales connectées avec le socle, de la mise en place de décollements dans la couverture sédimentaire ainsi que d’un diapirisme non négligeable. La géométrie et l’orientation des structures extensives préexistantes, issues du rifting Trias à Turonien, contrôlent la déformation de la couverture sédimentaire au cours des phases compressives d’âge fini-mésozoïque et cénozoïque. En effet, la marge tunisienne a enregistrée une longue période de rifting, de la fin du Permien-Trias jusqu’au Turonien. Une inversion tectonique s’est initiée probablement pendant le Crétacé supérieur. Les compressions tectoniques tertiaires se sont produites au cours de trois périodes: l’Eocène, le Mio-Pliocène et le Plio-Quaternaire. Notre étude montre une variation temporel du champ de contrainte régional, d’un régime tectonique compressif de direction NW-SE d’âge Mio-Pliocène à un régime tectonique compressif de direction N-S à NNE-SSW d’âge Quaternaire à l’actuel. Ce changement de régime tectonique a lieu, soit à la fin du Pliocène, soit au début du Quaternaire. Et une variation spatiale du champ de contrainte, de la compression (Domaine atlasique de la Tunisie) à la transtension (Golfe de Gabès), semble se faire progressivement du Nord vers le Sud-Est. Cette étude souligne le rôle prépondérant des failles profondes héritées et acquises au cours de l'évolution de la marge passive sud téthysienne. Dans ce domaine, la restauration de notre coupe équilibrée montre un raccourcissement modéré en surface de l’ordre de 8.1 km (~7,3%)<br>The structural architecture of the Tunisian foreland consists in a mixed tectonic style with deep-seated basement faults, shallower décollements within sedimentary cover and salt diapirism. Structural geometry and orientation of the pre-existing Triassic-Turonian extensional structures controlled subsequent contractional deformation within the sedimentary cover. The rifting of the margin started in the late Permian–Triassic and continued up to the Turonian. From the inversion of the successive compressions, the development of ENE-trending thrust-related anticlines such as the Orbata and Chemsi structures are controlled by the reactivation of the inherited Mesozoic faults. Geologic data from this region indicate that the positive tectonic inversion occurred probably during Late Cretaceous period. The Cenozoic tectonic compressions in the southern Atlassic domain occurred during three periods: Late Eocene, Late Miocene and Plio-Quaternary. The Fault kinematic analysis reveals a temporal change in states of stress that occurred during the Late Cenozoic. A paleostress (Miocene-Pliocene) state is characterized by a regional compressional tectonic regime with a mean N134±09°E trending compressional axis (σ1). A modern (Quaternary to present-day) state of stress also corresponds to compressional tectonic regime with a regionally mean N05±10°E trending horizontal σ1. This study underlines the predominant role of inherited basement structures acquired during the evolution of the southern Tethyan margin, and their influence on the geometry of the Atlassic fold-and-thrust belt. At the southern Atlas of Tunisia our restoration shows a surface shortening of ~8.1 km (~7.3%)
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2

Wyatt, John Guthrie. "The Relationship Between Structural and Tectonic Evolution and Mineralization at the Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Pittsylvania County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35446.

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The role of structure and tectonics in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits and the localization of high-grade mineralization associated with fractures is well documented. In this study we have characterized the structural setting associated with uranium mineralization in the Coles Hill uranium deposit by relating the observed metamorphic and structural features (mylonitic foliation and fractures) to regional tectonic activity. Drill cores and outcrops observed in this study show that NE/SW oriented fractures appear to be related to Mesozoic movement along the Chatham Fault. NW/SE oriented fractures cross cut and offset the NE/SW oriented fractures by1 to 2 cm and therefore post-date the NE/SW oriented fractures. NW/SE fracture orientations and parallel to the NW/SE regional cross faults and are suggested to relate to the formation of the cross faults during post Triassic basin inversion. Uranium mineralization is located within horizontal to shallowly dipping fractures suggesting uplift and erosion to form possible tension veins. The cross faults with NW/SE orientations created pathways in which uranium bearing hydrothermal fluids could migrate from the Triassic basin shales westward into the adjacent highly fractured crystalline rocks, precipitating uranium due to oxidation-reduction reactions.<br>Master of Science
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3

Nosike, Livinus. "Relationship between tectonics and vertical hydrocarbon leakage : a case study of the deep offshore Niger Delta." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4042.

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Le Delta du Niger a été utilisé comme un cas d’étude pour les relations en offshore profond entre tectonique, surpression et migration verticale des fluides. L’intérêt a été porté sur la partie Est du Delta du Niger, couvrant le bloc OML130/OPL246, où le déplacement des niveaux de décollement donne des structures de type « toe-thrust ». L’approche utilisée intègre l’interprétation sismique, les analyses de surpression, l’analogue de terrain des grès d’Annot (dépôts turbiditiques marins profonds situés dans la partie externe de la chaîne alpine externe) et la modélisation structurale. Les indices de migration au niveau du fond marin du Delta du Niger ont été classifiés. Ils sont liés à des conduits structuraux et à des couches sédimentaires intermédiaires. La nature de ces fuites, leur apparition au toit d’horizons, ainsi que leur contenu géochimique ont permis une première datation de génération de surpression dans les réservoirs et dans les niveaux argileux très profonds. Avec les données de puits (pressions in-situ, températures, rivés de COT et Rock Eval de la roche mère) et avec les horizons interprétés sur les marqueurs sismiques régionaux, la modélisation du bassin a conduit à une mise en relation entre mouvements de raccourcissement tectonique, enfouissements, générations d’hydrocarbures, piégeages et des pertes éventuelles. Le modèle conceptuel « layer-by-layer » de dissipation de pression de fluides est proposé pour expliquer le rôle des failles chevauchantes dans les compartimentations verticales et latérales des surpressions, et pour comprendre comment les roches de couverture sont faillées par ces chevauchements puis plissées. La conséquence est deux types de fuites majeures à l’échelle régionale : à travers les failles chevauchantes ou à l’aplomb des anticlinaux. Le contrôle de rétention à l’échelle du réservoir se fait par les autres types de fuites le long des failles d’extrados, par capillarité ou par perméabilité. Les simulations en laboratoire de compaction et décompaction ont permis de mieux contraindre les variations de perméabilité en fonction des contraintes, et d’évaluer les mécanismes d’écoulement dans les zones de failles synsédimentaires affectant les réservoirs turbiditiques. Il a été montré, avec des cas pratiques, que le taux et la quantité d’écoulement des fluides à travers ces failles peuvent être modélisés. Cette étude montre que la tectonique gravitaire amène une création d’espace d’accommodation dans les synclinaux et la génération et la transmission de surpressions vers les flancs des anticlinaux, instaurant alors une migration verticale d’hydrocarbures. Ce constat a des conséquences sur le piégeage des hydrocarbures dans les « toe-thrusts », d’autant plus lorsque la tectonique est encore active et qu’elle se fait par épisodes. Ainsi, ce travail a conduit à une amélioration des méthodes d’évaluation de rétention des hydrocarbures, mettant en lumière l’inadaptabilité d’utilisation des contraintes régionales aux réservoirs locaux dans le cas de subsidences différentielles ou d’enfouissements inhomogènes. Cette amélioration est possible grâce à une méthode intégrée. Elle consiste à identifier et à prendre en compte (1) les types de scellements stratigraphiques et structuraux, (2) les types de systèmes dynamiques en raccourcissement contrôlés par les étapes de déformation : fuite à l’ouverture de failles pendant le chevauchement actif et surpression au niveau des anticlinaux à cause du scellement des failles inactives, (3) la chronologie des systèmes pétroliers entre la maturation de roche mère, la génération de surpression et le chargement des hydrocarbures par rapport au moment de la compartimentation/structuration du réservoir et (4) la combinaison des facteurs de perméabilité, de capillarité et de composition des zones de failles pour évaluer l’écoulement statique et dynamique dans les zones de failles à l’échelle de ces réservoirs. Cette méthode intégrée permet une meilleure prédiction des pièges d’hydrocarbures et limite le risque dans ces structures complexes de chevauchements en surpression dans le deep offshore<br>The Niger Delta was used as a case study in the investigation of the relationship between tectonics, consequent pressure build-up, and vertical fluid leakage in the deep offshore. The attention was focused on the eastern part of the Niger Delta, covering the OML130/OPL246 block, where the detachment translates to distal toe-thrusts. An integrated approach, using seismic interpretation, geopressure analyses, field analogue (The Annot Sandstone – external alpine deep marine turbiditic deposits) and structural modelling, was adopted. The seabed leakage features in the Niger Delta case study were classified and linked to structural conduits and intermediate sedimentary carrier bodies. The nature of the leakage types and their emplacement on ancient seabeds, as well as their geochemical content, helped in the preliminary analyses of the timing of overpressure generation in the reservoirs and deeper shaly levels. With present day well data (in-situ pressure, temperature, derived source rock TOC and Rock Eval), and with the horizons interpreted from seismic markers tied to the regional chronostratigraphy, further basin modelling related the tectonic shortening and burial to hydrocarbon generation, trapping and eventual leakages. A conceptual layer-by-layer fluid pressure dissipation model is proposed to explain the role of thrust faults in vertical and lateral geopressure compartmentalisation, and how major lithological seals are offset by these thrusts and later folded. This results in major up-thrust fault and anticlinal leakages, which are the major leakage processes at regional scale. Other types of leakages, including migration laterally along the crestal collapse faults, capillarity and permeability within fault zones, are emphasised for estimating the retention at reservoir scale. Laboratory simulation of compaction and decompaction was used to better constrain the permeability variation with changing stress conditions and the flow mechanisms in the syn-sedimentary fault zones affecting such turbiditic reservoirs. It has been shown, with practical cases, that the rate and amount of leakages through these faults can be modelled. The work has shown that the creation of local synclinal accommodation space, high overpressure generation and weak anticlinal uplift relate gravity controlled tectonics to vertical hydrocarbon leakage. This has a consequence on the hydrocarbon trapping at toe-thrusts, especially as the tectonic events are still active and episodic. A proper evaluation of these major thrusts and the secondary crestal collapse faults was carried out. This helped in the improvement of seal evaluation methods, highlighting the inadaptability of the use of regional stress trends for local reservoirs in cases of differential subsidence or inhomogeneous burial. The improvement was made possible by the use of an integrated evaluation approach. This identifies and takes into account (1) the stratigraphic and structural seal types, (2) the stage of deformation controlling the dynamic system: active thrust faults leaking due to fault opening and inactive faults where pressure may be building up within the related anticlines, which propagated above thrust tips, (3) timing of the petroleum system – source rock maturation, overpressure generation and hydrocarbon charging with respect to reservoir compartmentalisation/trap formation and (4) the combination of factors such as permeability, capillarity and fault zone composition in constraining static and dynamic fluid flow in fault zones affecting these reservoirs. This integrated approach was found to be better for predicting the nature of the hydrocarbon traps at the problematic overpressured toe-thrust prospects in this deep offshore zone
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4

Davis, Neil Christopher. "The relationship between ignimbrite eruption and caldera collapse in the Borrowdale Volcanic Group of the Central Fells, English Lake District." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388773.

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5

Kent, Emiko Jane. "The relationship between active faulting and fluvial geomorphology : a case study in the Gediz Graben, Turkey." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4253.

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Identifying tectonically active faults and quantifying rates of movement is a key challenge in the Earth Sciences, in addition to this the interactions between active faulting and the landscape, specifically involving the fluvial network, is a relatively new area of study. Previous work has highlighted the value of understanding how the fluvial network responds to active tectonics, showing that a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between fluvial geomorphology and active tectonics is an important next step in geological research. This study presents new information about the poorly constrained Quaternary tectonic history of the Gediz Graben, Turkey, providing the first quantification of rates of movement of the key fault array that presently controlling graben topography. The fluvial network has been investigated and the data has been used in order to add resolution to the tectonic history for the fault array, allowing for the quantification of post-linkage throw rates. The study then investigates the key controls on the behaviour of the fluvial network that cross the active topography building fault array in the Gediz Graben. This study shows that there has been a linkage event occurring between 0.6 – 1 Ma, involving the three segments of the graben bounding fault array. The pre- and post-linkage throw rates are then extrapolated using data derived from the fluvial network, showing a faulting enhancement factor of 3 at the centre of the fault array, with the throw rate at the centre of the array predicted to have increased from a pre-linkage rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 mm/yr to a rate of 2 ± 0.2 mm/yr. This research provides evidence that the fluvial network can be used in conjunction with other types of evidence to provide a greater resolution tectonic history. Using both digital data and field studies this research presents an examination of the factors that influence the behaviour of bedrock rivers undergoing perturbation due to tectonics. Factors such as drainage area, tectonic throw rates and lithology have been investigated and the complicated interactions of these variables with the fluvial system have been quantified. This study shows that the bedrock rivers are a significant source of information about tectonics, but further work is needed to resolve quantitatively how various factors influence how rivers adjust to tectonic perturbation, in a variety of tectonic situations, in order to enable river to be used as a primary tool for deriving information about tectonics.
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6

Bassett, Daniel Graham. "The relationship between structure and seismogenic behaviour in subduction zones." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd284a79-d94a-4732-8dec-cb38c78fca73.

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The largest earthquakes on Earth take place on the megathrusts of subduction zones, but the slip behavior of megathrusts is variable. This thesis considers why by conducting local, regional and global studies of the interrelationships between the structure and seismogenic behavior of subduction zones. New marine geophysical data collected from the collision zone between the Louisville Ridge seamount chain with the Tonga-Kermadec trench constrain overthrusting and subducting plate structure. Mo'unga seamount is identified beneath the outer-forearc, which calibrates the association of residual bathymetric anomalies and subducting relief, implies an E-W geometry for the subducted ridge and suggests the 200 km wide Louisville seismic gap is modulated by the sediment filled flexural moat. Spectral averaging is then applied along the Tonga-Kermadec margin and along strike variations in overthrusting plate structure are verified by wide-angle seismic transects. The remnant Tonga-Ridge occupies the inner fore-arc and residual free-air gravity anomalies constrain its latitudinal extent (north of 30.5&deg;S), width (110&pm;20 km) and strike (~005&deg; south of 25&deg;S). Plate tectonic reconstructions suggest the Lau Ridge is unmodified by subduction related erosion, &lt;200 km of the Tonga Ridge has been eroded, and neither ridge ever occupied the southern Kermadec arc. Crustal thickness variations are thus inherited, reflecting the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tonga-Kermadec-Hikurangi margin. Spectral averaging is finally applied to all subduction zones on Earth. Part one develops a global catalogue of subducting relief, which is compared with seismological and geodetic inferences of fault-slip behavior. Most seamounts are aseismic, relatively undeformed and observations are not consistent with mechanical models proposing full-decapitation. Aseismic ridges are also associated with megathrust complexity, but are of a larger wavelength and contrasting mode of isostatic compensation. Part two shows almost all intra-margin along-strike transitions in seismogenic behavior are related to pre-existing crustal structure. A paired forearc anomaly is interpreted consisting of a trench-parallel ridge landward of the deep-sea-terrace basin. The ridge crest correlates with the down-dip limit of coseismic slip and strong interplate coupling, the up- dip limit of tremor epicentres, and is interpreted as defining the boundary between the velocity-weakening and seismogenic portion of the subduction interface and the down-dip frictional transition zone. Paired anomalies may be attributed to unrecovered interseismic elastic strain, the preferential subduction erosion of the outer-forearc and/or underplating beneath the inner forearc.
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7

Lagor, Samuel William. "The Relationship Between Magmatism and Deformation During the Acadian Orogeny: A Case Study from Eastern-Central Vermont." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/566.

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The Silurian-Devonian metasedimentary rocks of the Connecticut Valley-Gaspé trough (CVGT) were subjected to multiple deformational and metamorphic events during the Acadian orogeny in the Middle-Late Devonian. Plutons intruding the Devonian Waits River and Gile Mountain Formations have been considered post-tectonic, but microstructural studies of the intrusions and their metamorphic aureoles indicate some of these plutons intruded syntectonically. This study investigates the relationship between Acadian deformation and intrusion of the Knox Mountain pluton (KMP) of central Vermont. Structural and geochronological data were collected along a c. 15 km transect from the western limit of the CVGT, where the unconformable Richardson Memorial Contact coincides with the Dog River Fault Zone, into the margin of the KMP in the east. Field and microstructural observations indicate the KMP intruded syntectonically. Evidence for Acadian deformation post-dating intrusion includes folded and boudinaged granitic dikes at the margin of the KMP, and microstructures such as flame perthite, myrmekite, deformation twins, and textures associated with grain-boundary migration recrystallization in the granite. In the metamorphic aureole, biotite porphyroblasts overgrow S3, the earliest Acadian secondary foliation, and were deformed during S4 crenulation cleavage development. The KMP intruded at 377±5.2 Ma based on a U-Th-total Pb monazite crystallization age, which is concordant with the published age of the nearby Barre granite. The timing of S4 foliation development in the CVGT is constrained locally by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology at ~365 Ma, consistent with the microstructurally-inferred relative-age relationships. Plateau/weighted mean 40Ar/39Ar ages from across the transect and minimum ages from argon-loss profiles show a general trend of younging towards the east, suggesting these rocks have been affected by Alleghanian and Mesozoic deformation and exhumation.
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8

Dunn, Jennifer. "An exploration of the relationship between constructs relating Christian belief and stressful incidents experienced by disaster relief workers overseas." Thesis, University of East London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532436.

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9

Enderlin, Peter Andreas. "The Surface/Subsurface Relationship Between Drainage and Buried Faults as Observed in the Andean Foreland Of Central-Western Argentina." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267554243.

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10

Cheng, Yi-Rung, and 程苡榕. "The Study of the Relationship between Aromatherapy Massage Skills and Pressure Relief." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28512619692327654795.

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碩士<br>樹德科技大學<br>應用設計研究所<br>99<br>Abstract With the development of civilization, people in the modern times are burdened with more and more stress from work and life. Their eagerness to seek stress relief approaches and to go back to nature has brought about the prosperity of the beauty industry. Now, it’s an annually 30 billion NT dollar business in the Taiwan consumption market. Besides, since health care is scheduled to be included in the industrial development project of the Executive Yuan by 2015, the market potential of the beauty and health industry can reach hundreds of billions of NT dollars. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between different massage methods and stress relief, and to examine the effects of the “Complex Body & Mind Massage Therapy” in stress relief by analyzing the results of the client satisfaction survey on different massage methods. This study employed questionnaire survey as its research method, with questionnaires revised by experts after interviews with them. The study instrument used here was a muscle tension scale. All items in the questionnaire consisted of a 0-10 Likert Scale with 0 indicating no sore feeling at all and 10 indicating maximum muscle soreness. Fifty effective samples from purposive sampling were singled out for statistical analysis, in which the SPSS program was used to evaluate the difference in muscle tension before and after the stress-relief massages. The results of the study show that the clients demonstrated an average index of 7.5 in muscle tension before the massages, which dropped to 2.5 after the massages. As for the analysis of massage methods and client satisfaction, it is found that acupressure with massage gave rise to the most significant client satisfaction, while touching skill hand massage led to less satisfaction. The results of this study show that the “Complex Body & Mind Massage Therapy” created and integrated for this study is an effective and highly satisfactory massage method. Key words: stress-relief massage, muscle tension scale, the Likert Scale
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11

YEONG-LONG, JOW, and 周永隆. "A Study on Relationship between Off-Label Use and the Drug Relief Act." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h3tuj4.

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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>法律學系<br>103<br>The purpose of this study for the Department of injury Relief Act Article 13, paragraph 8, incorporated discuss off-label use of drugs, some of the provisions that announced the implementation of injury Relief Act Amendments May 6, 2011: Conditional relax restrictions on "indications outside drug use (off-label use) "shall not apply to limit injury relief, according to the regulations for research to explore and review the reasonableness of its potential problems. Research questions raised awareness: Drugs, "imitation single-label use" (off-label use) meets the intention of no-fault compensation for the injury relief? Whether the obligation of the physician to do it? How to regulate the drug "off-label use of imitation alone" (off-label use) and risk control? How does the implementation of related? Before and after the principles of the present study by analysis and comparison of domestic and foreign drug off-label use of the principle of strict liability and legislative analysis and comparison of domestic and international compensation system for the purpose to discuss the injury Relief Act of Article 13, paragraph 8, included drug off-label use, the problems arising and try to propose solutions to the government to amend the law as a reference policies. Hereby issues the following findings :( A) There are conflicts between the purposes of off-label use and injury Relief Act. (B) The interpretation of the "fair use" or "consistent with prevailing medical theory and medication appropriateness", does not solve the controversy on the off-label use at presence.(C)There is a conflict controversial connotation on the drug off-label use in the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law "legal drugs"(D) The drug off-label use in Relief Act of injury control and limit the payment shall be reduced. This paper argues the solution :( A) The specifications of label use of drugs must be reregulated and seek a new location.(B)We can establish a legitimate SOP process of off-label use. (C) For the use of drug manufacturers, strengthen regulation on providing information and sales promotion (D) The relevant laws of using off-label must be adjusted for seeking the consistent with the law. (E) The establishment of mechanisms for drug classification management, the establishment of off-label use of rational drug use patterns. (F) Provide policy changes to encourage drug companies to complete the application of the instruction sheet. Chinese Keywords: injury relief, strict liability, dangerous liability, off-label use of drugs, legal use, clinical trials English keywords: Drug relief, Strict liability, Drugs off-label use, label use, clinical trial
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Costa, Luís Teófilo da. "A Relationship Between Earthquakes and Faults in Ainaro Region, Timor-Leste." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93605.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Geociências apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia<br>Região Ainaro é conhecida como de alt seismicidade e de alta complexidade tectónica. No entanto, esta área ainda não possui estudos que relacionem a seismicidade da região com a sua tectónica ativa. Isso tem motivado o autor a realizar estudos na área para entender a relação entre os terremotos e as falhas.O estudo desenvolveu-se por várias etapas, tais como: (i) preparação de material para o trabalho de campo, (ii) revisão de literatura para coletar todos os relatórios relacionados, artigos e livros de forma a ter uma ideia da sismicidade na área de estudo, o cenário geotectónico, a geomorfologia, e as falhas ativas, (iii) observações de campo para entender diretamente a deformação e a geomorfologia no local, (iv) análises de dados para interpretar a situação de campo correlacionada a atividade sísmica, e (v) os resultado final, na forma de interpretar a relação entre a localização dos terremotos e das falhas ativas.A interpretação dos dados, mostra que a área de estudo possui um padrão de lineamentos predominantes com as direções nordeste - sudoeste. Os dados dos MDTs ALOS, ASTER, SRTM e LiDar mostram que os dados lidar têm uma alta resolução na interpretação da morfologia superfícial da área de estudo em comparação com os outros. Ainaro também revela alta sismicidade em terra. Isso é causado pela movimentação ao longo de falhas ativas muito complexas. Topograficamente, a área de pesquisa é montanhosa, a montanha mais alta de Timor-Leste, o Monte Ramelau (2893m) encontra-se em Ainaro.Como este estudo descobrimos que na área de estudo existem vários tipos de deformação ativas, tais como: falhas normais, falhas inversa e falhas transcorrentes. A área mostra deformações estruturais fortes que são indicadas por vários tipos de dobras de forma assimétrica e falhas. O terremoto de mais alta magnitude que ocorreu na região de Ainaro (26 de Abril de 2011) teve o valor 5,3 e ocorreu a 9,8 de profundidade. Este terremoto não teve um grande impacto, no entanto, não há relatório histórico sobre os danos do evento. A relação entre terremotos e falhas ativas na área mostra que as falhas antigas e a sismicidade atual correspondem a três conjuntos de falhas ativas. Embora o epicentro do terremoto não estivesse ao longo de falhas ativas, no entanto, em geral, ele estava muito próximo dessas falhas e alguns eventos aconteceram na interseção entre essas falhas.<br>Ainaro region is known as high inland seismicity and high complexity of active structural geology. However, this area still lacks identification studies regarding the relationship between the location of earthquakes and the structural geology of this territory. This has served as motivation for the author to conduct studies in the area in order to identify the tectonic structure and understand the relationship between earthquakes and faults.The development of the work extended over several stages, such as (i) material preparation for fieldwork, (ii) literature review to collect all the related reports, papers and books to have an idea of study area regarding with seismicity, tectonic setting, geomorphology, and faults, (iii) field observations doing to understand field condition directly, (iv) data analyses to interpret real condition correlated to seismic activity, and (v) final results, this phase will come out with an idea of the relation between earthquakes and active faults.Based on the data interpretation, it shows that the study area has a lineation pattern that shows northeast-southwest directions. DEM data from ALOS, ASTER, SRTM, and LiDar shows mainly that Lidar's data has a higher resolution at interpreting surface features for the study area compared with the others. Seismicity in the Ainaro region is high in onshore. This is caused by a very complex fault deformation. Topographically, the research area is mountainous, where the Ramelau Mountain (2893 m) is in Ainaro and is also the highest mountain in Timor-Leste.Our result found out that this area has active faults of different types: normal faults, thrust faults, and strike-slip faults. The area shows high structural deformations which are indicated by the fold types that exhibit asymmetrical form and faults. The high magnitude earthquake that occurred in the Ainaro region was 5.3 magnitude and 9.8 depth (26/04/2011). This earthquake had not huge impact, however, there is no historical report regarding the damage of the event. The relation between earthquakes and active faults in the area shown that the ancient faults and present-day seismicity matches with three sets of active faults. Even though the earthquake epicenter was not on the line of active faults, nevertheless, in general, it was very close to these faults and some events even happened at the intersection between these faults.
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Tseng, Cheng-Yung, and 曾政勇. "Interactive Relationship Model between Non-Governmental Organization and Governmental Organizations in Disaster Relief Collaboration." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9rdyfn.

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博士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>土木工程與防災科技研究所<br>102<br>Interactive Relationship Model between Non-Governmental Organizations and Governmental Organizations in Disaster Relief Collaboration Student:Cheng-Yung Tseng Advisors:Dr.Guan-Chyun Shiah Dr.Chung-Fa Huang Institute of Civil Technical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences ABSTRACT Due to urgent time and difficult environments accompanied by emergent disaster relief, together with integrating a substantial amount of resources, the efficiency of collaboration and interactions concerning disaster relief between NGO and the governmental organizations is critical. However, it is suggested that disaster relief from the two organizations seems to lack efficient dialogues and operative mechanisms, which have led to repeats and waste of rescue resources and relevant measurements. Therefore, drawing on data from semi-structured interviews and questionnaires and using regression analysis, this study aims, from a NGOs’ perspective, to explore the relevant factors and the influences of collaboration and interactions concerning disaster relief between NGOs and the governmental organizations, with an attempt of proposing suggestions to the collaborative disaster relief between the two organizations. The results show that based on Motivation Factors, Joint partnership, Outcomes Model (MJO), among the three drivers of collaborative partnership including the interaction-learning, the trust-legal-mobilization, and the share-integration, the trust-legal-mobilization factor has a positive and direct effect on the collaborative outcomes. The research evidence also shows that by establishing the effectiveness of operative mechanism, the trust-legal-mobilization driver of collaborative partnership can enhance the outcomes of collaborative partnership. The results indicate that, compared to the disaster relief from the Government, the disaster relief provided by the NGOs have their professional specificity, and that the involvement of the NGOs seems to more sincere. Therefore, the establishment of the operative mechanism is significant to the collaborative partnership model. In addition, the research provides evidence that the trust-legal-mobilization factor of the drivers, coupled with to operate the operative mechanism such as the processes, procedure of joint actions, continued network interactions, communications coordination as well as trust, will benefit to succeed in disaster relief and aid goals. Keywords: non-government organization,collaborative partnership, disaster relief; operative mechanism, trust-legal-mobilization
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Shou, ying Pai, and 白首瑩. "The Relationship between Job-Stress and Response of Stress Relief for Changhua Junior High School Teachers." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35295251715515722645.

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碩士<br>大葉大學<br>工業工程與科技管理學系<br>101<br>This study attempted to explore the relationship between the working pressure and the relaxing ways among junior high school teachers in Changhua County. The researcher-designed “scales of working pressure” and “scales of relaxing ways” were the main instruments. Three hundred and forty four public junior high school teachers in Changhua County were randomly selected via stratified cluster sampling as the subjects. The data was analyzed through the SPSS software. Some important results were found as follows: (a) junior high school teachers in Changhua County were under mid-leveled working pressure; (b) the working pressure was mostly from “student behavior”; (c) the most relaxing ways that the teachers adopted were “asking for help” and “thinking rationally”; (d) teachers felt various levels of working pressure due to gender, age, position at school, subject being taught, school size, and school location; (e) teachers adopted different relaxing ways due to gender, marriage, position at school, subject being taught, school size, and school location; (f) the three relaxing ways “problem solving”, “thinking rationally”, and “asking for help” had negative relation with working pressure. (h) teachers adopting “thinking rationally” felt less working pressure on the student behavior, job loading, interpersonal relationship, reform adaptation, and professional knowledge. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research were provided to conclude this study. Key words: Teacher working pressure, Relaxing ways, Junior high school teachers
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Chen, Chin-yuan, and 陳志遠. "The Collaborative Relationship between Non-Profit Organization and Civilian-Based Defense Mobilization--A Case Study on Disaster Relief." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35204687861110730722.

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碩士<br>南華大學<br>非營利事業管理研究所<br>99<br>In recent years, natural crises and disasters had frequently happened in Taiwan. Despite the government invested considerable human, material and financial resources in disaster prevention and relief is still repeated the relief to no avail, improper disposal, or even do nothing, and has been criticized. Natural disasters in Taiwan had made countless losses of lives and properties. The issue of how to effectively manage the government departments and civilian organizations to deal with various types of crisis and emergency has become urgent and must be addressed.     National Defense Mobilization is originally military-oriented and established for response to the outbreak of war. In the past, the mobilization of national resources focused on support of war preparations. It emphasized the national defense and military to meet the needs of the country&apos;&apos;s human, material and financial resources when the state in the transition from a peacetime to a wartime. In order to deal with variety challenge of national security, emergency incident or major disaster caused by human or natural factors, the purpose of defense mobilization also extended coverage to an emergency incident response and major catastrophe.     Non-profit organization in Taiwan after the lifting of martial law, there is trend of rapid growth, whether religious, social welfare groups, or trends, whether religious, or social welfare groups have set up special interest groups are, in many enthusiastic members of the support and the non-profit organizations and get plenty of money and power, a great contribution to the community, some organizations more actively promote public policies, and to the Government to address social change, or even to legislation, the government&apos;&apos;s watchdog to play, but also access to public recognition and support. In particular, post-disaster during The 921 earthquake, non-profit organizations had released a huge civil power, put into relief and rehabilitation work, their performance even more than government action. Key words: non-profit organization, the National Defense Mobilization, the destructive typhoon Cooperation between
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Wu, Karin, and 巫凱琳. "Relationship between Agricultural Disaster Relief Payments and Labor Supply of Family Farms: Empirical Analysis Using Taiwanese Farm Household Data." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29v67w.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業經濟學研究所<br>105<br>Evaluating the impacts of government policies on the wellbeing of farm households has been one of the longstanding interests in rural development. Considerable research efforts have been put into this topic and empirical evidences have been provided in many countries. Compared with other industries, agricultural production is adversely affected to a greater extent by natural disaster shocks and weather uncertainty. As a result, the government plays an important role in mitigating the effects of crop loss. Most research on disaster relief payments have focused on the allocations and efficiency of these programs; however, little evidence has been found on the impacts of disaster relief payments on individual farm household member. This study contributes to this interesting topic by addressing the extent to which relief payments for natural disasters affect the allocation of labor supply of farm households between on-farm and off-farm work in Taiwan. A unique nationally representative sample of 124,827 farmers drawn from the Taiwan Area Farming Household Survey in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 was constructed and merged into the town-level administrative profile of all of the recipients of disaster payments from the Natural Disaster Program in Taiwan. By estimating a panel data fixed effect model, it is evident that natural disaster payments significantly reduce farmers&apos;&apos; on-farm work in the extensive margins, but do not affect the off-farm labor supply. Also, the more payments received, the greater the possibility to engage in on-farm work and less possibility to work off-farm. Different labor supply decisions in view of disaster payments can also be found in the subsample for farm household heads and spouses, as well as members in different age groups. This study also evaluates whether recent amendments to Taiwan’s disaster payment programs in 2011 had different impacts on the labor supply of farm households. The results of the Difference-in-Difference (DiD) fixed effect analysis points to an increase in the on-farm labor supply. This paper also contributes to the policy evaluation of the existing program and suggests that policy makers should consider other factors rather than crop type when deciding on the amount of payment to reach the ultimate goal of enhancing well-being.
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Chen, Yen-Jen, and 陳燕禎. "The Changing Relationship between the State and Indigenous Non-profited Organizations - Historical Case Study on Taipei Zen-Chi Relief Institution (Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86455581336631472344.

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博士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>社會政策與社會工作學系<br>92<br>Abstract: The NPOs with charities have been long occupying important roles in welfare history. The Western welfare states do not dismiss the welfare function of NPOs; instead, the NPOs are expected not only to promote human rights, but also to fulfill their own main beliefs. The experience for developing NPOs’ social power in the Western countries will be the theoretical frame of this study, trying to answer the question as whether the NPOs in Taiwan represented a sample of social power, or just a form of the expanding state power. In order to have a comprehensive understanding for the nature and contribution of indigenous NPOs in Taiwan, and their interaction with the state in objective and rigorous way, we need to put indigenous NPOs back in Taiwan’s historical context and therefore analyze their development in varied historical stages. For this reason, this study will not be too procedural or superficial, and we would like to have a dialogue with the specific experience of NPOs in the Western countries. From Ching Dynasty, there have been several NPOs set up in Taiwan, such as “Children’s Home” which was set up by Wen-Yuan Lin in 1866, and many other social charity organizations funded by the men with wealth. According to literature, there were seven social charity organizations in Ching’s Taiwan, which aimed to support the poor people. Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan is one of the earliest social charity organizations in Taiwan, and the oldest one. This study will focus on its development as an important sample of indigenous NPOs in Taiwan, particularly on the changing relationships with the states in different stages. For over hundred years, Taiwan experienced uncertainty ages and many different ruling governments, but those elderly social charity organizations still kept delivering their services to the people. They should have their own ways to survive in different political climates, and we believe that Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan is one of the cases. In this study, we found that its relationships with the different ruling governments have changed accordingly. 1.In the Ching Dynasty, there were five charity organizations belonging to Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan, one of them organized by individual and the others by the government. This period may be called as “government-led period”. 2.In the Japan colonial period, Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan combined the other four social charity organizations. At that time, the government issued the Civil Law and hoped that social charity organizations became associated bodies to invite more the general citizens to join charity businesses. This period may be regarded as “government-people combined period”. 3.After the KMT government ruled Taiwan, all social organizations were controlled by the government, but economic recession because of civil war gave an important opportunity to the rise of charity organizations. Some Taiwanese elites transferred Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan to a foundation body and therefore gave the organization a chance to get away from the control of the state, to focus on delivering service to the marginal people, and to become a new role of supplying and substituting social welfare. This period is called as “independent period”. In this period, Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan, relying on its long-term accumulated wealth and recruiting some political elites into its management board, maintained a certain distance with the ruling government. 4.After the lifting of Martial Law, Taiwan gradually developed into democratic politics. Social power has been released. Great amount of social charity organizations have been set up during this period, that put a lot of challenges to Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan, such as the amendment of legislations and the competition of welfare markets. Although the finance has maintained independent, Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan began to contact with the government actively and tried to change its management style, for example, building up a modern nursing home for the elderly. This period is called as “integrated period”. 5.In the DPP government period, there is no obvious change of relationships between the government and Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan. Although time is changing and the ruling government is different, the nature and mission of Taipei Zen-Chi Yuan to do social services is unchanged. In this study, we found that the following characters supported this organization to survive for over hundred years. 1.Clear and firm mission. 2.Independent finance 3.Maintaining a neutral but associated relationships with any certain political party 4.High participation of the members in the executive board. 5.High trust offered by the executive board. 6.Treated “legitimacy” as an important principle.
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