Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relationship mind and body. eng'

Orientador: Carmen Beatriz Milidoni
Banca: Osvaldo Pessoa Júnior
Banca: Jonas Gonçalves Coelho
Resumo: Neste trabalho investigamos o problema da relação mente-corpo segundo o ponto de vista de John Searle. Ao se estabelecer mente e corpo como duas entidades autônomas e opostas ao longo da história filosófica, criou-se um abismo quase que intransponível entre elas, a respeito de uma explicação coerente sobre as interações que mantêm entre si. Denominamos este abismo de "o problema da relação mente-corpo", em torno do qual, se formou toda uma tradição de pesquisadores interessados em resolvê-lo. Atualmente esta questão se traduz na possibilidade de se saber como os estados mentais interagem com os estados neurocerebrais e, desde sua origem, ainda não se chegou a um consenso teórico sobre uma resposta definitiva. John Searle apresenta como resposta uma proposta bastante peculiar e ao mesmo tempo polêmica, conhecida como "Naturalismo Biológico". Nosso objetivo consistiu na exposição desta teoria observando seus pontos favoráveis e desfavoráveis em confronto ao contexto teórico no qual está inserida. Primeiro, resgatamos as raízes históricas do problema, buscando as razões pelas quais é considerado um problema filosófico específico a partir do pensamento cartesiano; segundo, apresentamos a teoria do naturalismo biológico propriamente dita, ressaltando o modo como se relaciona com a tradição de filosofia da mente; por último, discutimos uma de suas principais hipóteses: a teoria da causalidade e a noção de emergência como uma resposta ao clássico problema.
Abstract: In this thesis we investigated the problem of the relationship between mind and body in accordance to the point of view of John Searle. Having been established that the mind and body are two autonomous and opposed entities through the length philosophical history, an almost insurmountable abysm was created between them, in respect to a coherent explanation of the interactions maintained between them. We named this abysm "the problem of the relation between mind and body", around which, has been formed a tradition of researchers interested in solving it. Nowadays this question translates into the possibility of knowing how mental states interact with neural cerebral states and, its origin, one still hasn't come to a theoretical agreement on a definitive answer. John Searle presents as an answer a quite peculiar and at the same time polemical proposal, known as "Biological Naturalism". Our objective consisted in the exposition of this theory observing its favorable and unfavorable points in confrontation to the theoretical context in which it is inserted. First, we redeemed the historical roots of the problem, in search of reasons which are considered a specific philosophical problem derived from Cartesian thoughts; second, we presented the theory of the biological naturalism properly said, emphasizing the way it relates to the traditional philosophy of the mind; finally, we discussed one of its main hypotheses: the theory of cause and effect, and the notion of emergency as a reply to the classic problem.
Mestre

This study researched the subjective somatic experience of sensory awareness-trained therapists' interactions with their parents when encountering an issue that first arose during the therapist's childhood. It explored whether and how the therapists are aware of, sense, and identify their own body consciousness, and whether and how they utilize various somatic psychological practices to address present-day familial issues with their parent or parents. In addition to the usual verbal narrative, somatic psychology considers bodily states of consciousness, physical reactions, muscular patterning, chronic tension, speech patterns, breath, skin color and tone, and the use of bodily space in the therapy process. Thus, somatic psychology provides an integrated approach to exploring and healing the complex relationship between the mind and body. Such an approach is appropriate in adult child-parent relationship issues. Sensory awareness is a specific therapeutic technique used to identify feelings and sensations that occur in the present moment.

Resumo: O presente trabalho pretende delinear uma possível interpretação do behaviorismo radical como teoria da mente, o que significa, em outros termos, contextualizá-lo no âmbito da filosofia da mente. Para tanto, primeiramente apresentaremos as principais teorias que figuram na filosofia da mente contemporânea, incluindo suas teses centrais e seus respectivos problemas. Em seguida, trataremos dos fundamentos do behaviorismo radical enquanto filosofia da ciência e enquanto teoria do comportamento. Esses dois passos servirão ao propósito de estabelecer os parâmetros da discussão subseqüente entre behaviorismo radical e filosofia da mente. Nesse sentido, o primeiro problema que pretendemos responder é: o que é a mente? Trata-se de um problema conceitual que envolve o mapeamento dos fenômenos normalmente caracterizados como mentais. Veremos que, para o behaviorismo radical, a mente é comportamento. Já o segundo problema que pretendemos responder é: qual a natureza da mente? - problema que, no contexto do behaviorismo radical, deve ser substituído pelo seguinte: qual a natureza do comportamento? Discorrer sobre a natureza de um fenômeno implica investigar quais são as características essenciais à sua existência. Trata-se, portanto, de um problema ontológico. Sugeriremos que as características essenciais para a existência do comportamento podem ser contempladas pelo posicionamento metafísico denominado relacionismo substancial. Em tempo, além dessas duas questões principais, discorreremos ao longo do trabalho sobre diversos problemas levantados pelas teorias da mente contemporâneas, tais como o problema da subjetividade, o problema do fisicalismo, o problema dos limites da ciência, o problema mente-corpo, o problema da causalidade mental, o problema do significado, o problema do reducionismo, o problema das qualidades das experiências, o problema do conhecimento ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this work is to delineate a possible interpretation of radical behaviorism as a theory of mind. That means putting radical behaviorism in the context of philosophy of mind. To do so, firstly we will present the main theories of contemporary philosophy of mind, including its central thesis and its respective problems. Next, we will present the principles of radical behaviorism as a philosophy of science and as a theory of behavior. Those steps will serve to establish the parameters for subsequent discussion between radical behaviorism and the problems of philosophy of mind. The first problem with which we pretend to deal is the conceptual problem of mind: what is mind? As we will see, for radical behaviorism the mind is behavior. The second problem with which we pretend to deal is the ontological problem of mind: what is the nature of mind? In the radical behaviorist context, the question must be substituted by this: what is the nature of behavior? Discussions about the nature of things demands investigating what characteristics are essential to its existence. We will suggest that the essential characteristics of the existence of behavior can be contemplated by the metaphysical view denominated substantial relationism. Moreover, in addition to our two principal problems, we will discuss through this work several problems of philosophy of mind, such as the problem of subjectivity, the problem of physicalism, the problem of science limits, the mind-body problem, the problem of mental causation, the problem of meaning, the problem of reductionism, the problem of qualitative character of experiences, the problem of privileged knowledge, the problem of qualia, and others. In the end, we hope that this work may represent a step toward the construction of a radical behaviorist theory of mind
Orientador: Jonas Gonçalves Coelho
Coorientador: Kester Carrara
Banca: Tereza Maria de Azevedo Pires Serio
Banca: João de Fernandes Teixeira
Mestre

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether men with a large amount of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms had a more favorable outlook and opinion of body work. Participants in the current study were a convenience sample of men recruited from undergraduate classes at Western Kentucky University and the community of Bowling Green Kentucky and Somerset Kentucky. A total of 215 men completed the study. Participants completed the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) and the Attitude-Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). Results indicate scores on the MDI were significant predictors of scores on the ABQ. This suggests that men with a high number of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms have a more favorable outlook and opinion of body work.

Orientador: Terezinha Maria Pancini de Sá
Banca: Elisabeth Piemonte Constantino
Banca: Vera da Rocha Resende
Resumo: Esta dissertação é resultado de pesquisa em que os instrumentos utilizados foram questionários e entrevistas.De tal modo, foi descrito como o método de trabalho corporal foi construído por Pethö Sándor, assim como também sua provável fundamentação teórica, composto da imbricação entre a neurologia, anatomia e psicologia profunda de C. G. Jung. Além disso, foi também constatado que tanto o método de trabalho corporal como a própria vivência do autor foram tangidas por ensinamentos da sabedoria perene. Para que esse método pudesse ser inserido num contexto histórico, partimos da descrição das trajetórias históricas da filosofia, da medicina, da psicologia e do desenvolvimento dos métodos e técnicas corporais, passando pela descrição de cada um deles até chegarmos à atualidade, no afã de cumprirmos nosso objetivo.
Abstract: This dissertation is the result of a research which was carried out based on questionaires and interviews. This is mainly at the record of the way followed by Pethö Sándor over his life to draw up the method of body therapy. This method works the imbrication of Neurology, Anatomy and the deep Psycology by C. G. Jung. The available elements used to record the building-up of this method are presented in the proof that both, the body therapy and Sándorþs own life experience were touched by the teaching of ageless wisdom. For this method could be included in a historical context, this work was started by the description of the historic ways of Phylosophy, Medicine, Psychology and also the historical development of both, physical methods and technics. Then, each one was described from the beginning to the present time, with the strong will to reach the purpose of this work.
Mestre

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Nesta Dissertação tratamos da relação mente-corpo e, em particular, do problema da consciência segundo o filósofo estadunidense John Searle, a partir de sua abordagem, conhecida como Naturalismo Biológico. De acordo com Searle (2006), o problema da relação mente-corpo possui uma solução simples. Os fenômenos mentais são causados por processos que tem lugar no cérebro, mas não podem ser reduzidos a ele. Os fenômenos mentais têm algumas características que tornaram difícil o tratamento da relação mente-corpo, dentre elas a consciência, intencionalidade, subjetividade e causação mental. Searle (2006) julga ser a consciência o elemento principal para a existência de nossa vida mental, a partir da qual surgem as demais noções mentais. Por isso, além de abordarmos o problema da relação mente-corpo, também analisamos tal característica, averiguando a sua relevância para a resolução do problema mente-corpo. Para alcançar nosso objetivo, dividimos o trabalho em três capítulos. No primeiro deles mostramos a perspectiva do autor em questão no tocante à relação mentecorpo. Expomos o que ele julga estar errado na filosofia da mente e qual seria a solução mais adequada a tal questão. Explicitamos em que medida a relação mente-corpo pode ser considerada um problema na concepção naturalista biológica. No segundo capítulo enfocamos, especificamente, os fenômenos mentais e suas características, dando ênfase especial à consciência. Na perspectiva searleana, entender a consciência e algumas de suas características é uma tarefa de suma importância, pois são essenciais para a existência do mental. Searle defende ser a consciência, de um modo, redutível aos processos cerebrais e, de outro modo, irredutível, devido ao seu caráter subjetivo. No terceiro e último capítulo discutimos e analisamos essa possível incoerência em sua alternativa à relação mente-corpo no tocante à consciência. Com isso, visamos investigar se sua concepção pode ser considerada uma boa e satisfatória alternativa de solução ao problema da consciência e da relação mente-corpo.
In this dissertation we deal with the mind-body relationship, and in particular the problem of consciousness according to the American philosopher John Searle, from his approach, known as Biological Naturalism. According to Searle (2006), the problem of the mind-body relationship has a simple solution. Mental phenomena are caused by processes that take place in the brain but can not be reduced to it. Mental phenomena have some characteristics that make it difficult to treat the mindbody problem, among them consciousness, intentionality, subjectivity and mental causation. Among these characteristics, Searle (2006) thinks that consciousness is the main element for the existence of our mental life. Therefore, in addition to addressing the problem of the mind-body relationship, we also carefully examine this characteristic. In Searle's conception, it is considered the central notion of our mental life, from which arise the other mental notions. To reach our goal, we divided the work into three chapters. In the first chapter we show the author's perspective on the mind-body problem, exposing what he thinks is wrong in the philosophy of mind and what would be the most appropriate solution to that question. We explain to what extent the mind-body relationship can be considered a problem in the naturalistic biological conception. In the second chapter we focus specifically on mental phenomena and their characteristics, with special emphasis on consciousness. From the perspective of the thinker in question, understanding consciousness and some of its characteristics is a task of paramount importance, for they are essential to the existence of the mental. Searle argues that consciousness is, in a way, reducible to brain processes and otherwise irreducible because of its subjective character. In the third and final chapter we discuss and analyze this possible inconsistency in its alternative to the mind-body problem in regard to consciousness, in order to investigate whether its conception can be considered a good and satisfactory alternative solution to the problem of consciousness.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta tese pretende reafirmar duas dimensões existenciais, constituintes do ser humano: a psicorporeidade e a intersubjetividade. O ser humano é uma unidade psicossomática que se constitui no e através do ambiente humano que é seu entorno. Essa afirmativa parece nada incomum em 2005, mas não foi a hegemônica no pensamento ocidental. No racionalismo dualista, proposto por Platão na antiguidade e radicalizado e sistematizado por Descartes na modernidade, vigorava a radical separação entre corpo (res extensa) e alma (res cogitans), entre sujeito e objeto. Recorro à noção de corpo vivido na intersubjetividade, presente em Merleau-Ponty, para expor como concebo estas duas dimensões. Assinalo os paralelos de sua concepção ulterior (a noção de carne) com a da reformulação teórica freudiana - a partir da introdução do conceito de narcisismo (1914c) e do inconsciente originário, enraizado no corpo (1923a). Este é o período da formulação freudiana no qual encontram-se os pilares das principais concepções desenvolvidas por Ferenczi, Balint e Winnicott, clínicos da psicanálise cujas contribuições podem ser agrupadas no que denomino de matriz ferencziana - destacando-se a reformulação da teoria do trauma e a proposta clínica da regressão/progressão num ambiente facilitador que propicie continente para a experiência subjetiva. O segundo objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a articulação entre as suas principais obras e como as dimensões da psicorporeidade e da intersubjetividade nelas estão presentes.
This thesis intends to reaffirm two existential dimensions which constitute the human being: the psycho-corporeity and the inter-subjectivity. The human being is a psychosomatic unity which constitutes him/herself through the human ambience which envelops him/her. This assertion does not sound remarkable in 2005, but it was never hegemonic in Western thought. Within the dualistic rationalism proposed by Plato in ancient Greece, and radicalized by Descartes in the modern age, a radical separation between body (res extensa) and soul (res cogitans), and between subject and object was taken for granted. I use the notion of the body living in inter-subjectivity, present in Merleau-Ponty, to expound how I conceive these two dimensions. I establish the parallels between its ulterior conception (the notion of flesh) and the Freudian theoretical reformulation starting with the introduction of the concept of narcissism (1914c), and of the inherited unconscious, rooted in the body (1923a). This is the period of Freudian formulating where the pillars of the main concepts developed by Ferenzi, Balint and Winnicott are to be found. These are the psychoanalysts the contributions of which may be grouped in that which I call the Ferenczian matrix in which the reformulation of the theory of trauma and the clinical proposal of regression/progression in a facilitating ambience propiciating a friendly space for the subjective experience stand out. The second aim of this work is to demonstrate the articulation between these psychoanalysts most important works, and how the dimensions of psycho-corporeity and inter-subjectivity are present in them.

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Neste trabalho investigamos o problema da relação mente-corpo segundo o ponto de vista de John Searle. Ao se estabelecer mente e corpo como duas entidades autônomas e opostas ao longo da história filosófica, criou-se um abismo quase que intransponível entre elas, a respeito de uma explicação coerente sobre as interações que mantêm entre si. Denominamos este abismo de “o problema da relação mente-corpo”, em torno do qual, se formou toda uma tradição de pesquisadores interessados em resolvê-lo. Atualmente esta questão se traduz na possibilidade de se saber como os estados mentais interagem com os estados neurocerebrais e, desde sua origem, ainda não se chegou a um consenso teórico sobre uma resposta definitiva. John Searle apresenta como resposta uma proposta bastante peculiar e ao mesmo tempo polêmica, conhecida como “Naturalismo Biológico”. Nosso objetivo consistiu na exposição desta teoria observando seus pontos favoráveis e desfavoráveis em confronto ao contexto teórico no qual está inserida. Primeiro, resgatamos as raízes históricas do problema, buscando as razões pelas quais é considerado um problema filosófico específico a partir do pensamento cartesiano; segundo, apresentamos a teoria do naturalismo biológico propriamente dita, ressaltando o modo como se relaciona com a tradição de filosofia da mente; por último, discutimos uma de suas principais hipóteses: a teoria da causalidade e a noção de emergência como uma resposta ao clássico problema.
In this thesis we investigated the problem of the relationship between mind and body in accordance to the point of view of John Searle. Having been established that the mind and body are two autonomous and opposed entities through the length philosophical history, an almost insurmountable abysm was created between them, in respect to a coherent explanation of the interactions maintained between them. We named this abysm “the problem of the relation between mind and body”, around which, has been formed a tradition of researchers interested in solving it. Nowadays this question translates into the possibility of knowing how mental states interact with neural cerebral states and, its origin, one still hasn’t come to a theoretical agreement on a definitive answer. John Searle presents as an answer a quite peculiar and at the same time polemical proposal, known as “Biological Naturalism”. Our objective consisted in the exposition of this theory observing its favorable and unfavorable points in confrontation to the theoretical context in which it is inserted. First, we redeemed the historical roots of the problem, in search of reasons which are considered a specific philosophical problem derived from Cartesian thoughts; second, we presented the theory of the biological naturalism properly said, emphasizing the way it relates to the traditional philosophy of the mind; finally, we discussed one of its main hypotheses: the theory of cause and effect, and the notion of emergency as a reply to the classic problem.

碩士
樹德科技大學
人類性學研究所
107
This study uses "self-narrative" as the research method and based on researcher (her) self experienced. Backed with 18 years of experienced, she has been in the body-mind-spirit field, through standing in the third party perspective, she initiates dialogue with the past, scrutinizing the "subjects of study " in a multi-layered and multi-dimensional perspective. She sorts out the truth of the context and clarity in her life, and draws the inspiration understanding of "sexual desire (lust)" of a woman. The source of life has yet to be discovered. It reflects on how her conscious concept of "body, emotions, thoughts and awareness'', is confining herself in her life. Pursuing 2 years of “master degree in a study on sexuality” has helped her to broaden her horizon on “gender awareness”and the “perspective of human nature”, which ushered in many internal enlightenment. Further two years of mind settling and integration after the course has made her well grounded and more diligent searching while moving forward with greater courage, breaking new sparks and insights and redefining herself along the way. Every human is unique. Through this "self-narrative" study, she is also looking forward to playing a role in inspiring others. There will be more similar personal "transformation studies of erotic narratives" in the future, to encourage women to be self-contained. The cause of “intimacy relationships” between both gender , can only be softened after self-purification and "self-completeness".

碩士
國立東華大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
98
In recent years, people can experience in leisure activities of spirituality experience has been more attentionable. The people requirements for Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being have changed to the mind and heart. The research for spiritual functions of leisure and Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being in application is more, but most did not have the correct concept. The researchers were engaged in leisure activities, spiritual, would like paper writing by to combine the theory and practice. The purpose of this study: 1. To undersrand leisure activities participants learn spiritual functions of leisure and and Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being perception 2. Discuss the relationship between spiritual functions of leisure and Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being This study was a survey conducted in subjects Donghua University Institute of Technology and Management undergraduate students. The total sample is 476, minus invalid questionnaires number is 24, valid questionnaires number is 452, valid recovery rate is 95.0％. The result is shown as below: 1. Sex, religion and access to leisure activities, spiritual spiritual functions of leisure time have show significant difference. 2. Tthe relationship between spiritual functions of leisure and Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being have show positive significant correlation. That shows both have high relativeship. From study results that we know appropriate spirituality leisure activities will no doubt improve and increase as the best means of maintaining a Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being.But to be through casual spiritual acts of physical and mental benefits to be expected, should have the necessary knowledge about health and leisure ideas. And with the individual consciously advocated the implementation, continuous improvement. To avaid that didn’t kow how to do, blindly follow and useless.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-82).

碩士
南華大學
哲學與生命教育學系
102
This research is based on my experience of learning Tai-chi Quan for many years. we can have some reasoning from the interoperation of body and mind. The research method is focused on the body and mind differed from the most of the Tai-chi quan researches and expressed the extension of perception interoperation. We also explained the change of body and theory explaining. The other goal of this research is to fulfill the completeness of the training process of Tai-chi Quan and hope this research will become an indicator of Tai-chi Quan research. As for the management of training class, it also depends on the perception interoperation not a technical operation. The interoperation of different field is achieved by this way. This is not only expressing Tai-chi in a modern way but also make the Tai-chi quan’s spirit work in different fields.

碩士
華梵大學
哲學系碩士班
100
ABSTRACT Cancer is a disease of civilization usually found in countries with the social development and technological progress. This disease, which replaced an infectious disease and chronic disease, has been the first leading cause of death in Taiwan for 29 years. According to an analysis on factors of causing cancers in recent years, extrinsic carcinogenic factors include a poor diet, an irregular pattern of work and rest, genetic inheritance, environmental pollution and lack of exercise habits; intrinsic carcinogenic factors include numerous negative emotions and stress which might cause precancerous lesions. The purpose of this study is that terminal cancer patients could choose alternative spiritual therapies other than traditional medical treatments through the body-mind-spirit therapies promoted by Dr. Tien-Sheng Hsu. In the first part, the paper explores the ethics of doctor-patient relationship and medical professionals’ concerns for terminal cancer patients, and then explores philosophical implications in diseases and body-mind-spirit therapies interpreted by Dr. Tien-Sheng Hsu. In the second part, the paper explores the doctor-patient ethical relationship and philosophical implications in body-mind-spirit therapies through Tao Psychotherapy and Logotherapy created by Viktor Emil Frankl, and integrated criticisms and ethical values of body-mind-spirit therapies to approve the effect of these therapies on the whole body, mind and spirit of human beings. Although the body-mind-spirit therapy emphasizes on the “spiritual” treatment, the paper focuses on its philosophical implications instead of its religious meanings. Terminal cancer patients seem to experience life challenges at the final stage of life. If these patients actually accept their illness and use the body-mind-spirit therapies to take care of their mind, so that they are willing to change their attitude, strengthen their positive thinking and overcome their fears, they could gradually restore to sound health or have good quality of life and die with dignity at the terminal stage of life. Key words: Cancer, the terminal stage of cancer, the ethics of doctor-patient relationship, body-mind-spirit therapy, Dr. Tien-Sheng Hsu, Viktor Emil Frankl

博士
國立中央大學
哲學研究所
103
“Illness” is a necessary phenomenon that people have to encounter in the whole life. However, there are few philosophical discussions respond to this universal state. This dissertation poses the question of “mental disorder” , which is drawn the inspiration from some research papers. While the negative impacts of "mental illness" are dramatically increasing, some psychiatrists begen to reckon with the core issues of "philosophy of mind" and apply these philosophical assumptions to the treatment in clinical. Meanwhile, there are some philosophers devoted to researches relating psychiatry to philosophy. A new field, philosophy of psychiatry, is therefore gradually developed in such context. This dissertation intends to examine if Buddhist philosophy is able to illuminate the concept of “mental disorder”.The main purpose is to present the genetics and eccence of “mental disorder” from the view of Buddhist context. This paper is organized as follows. Chapter 1 writes the literature review of philosophy of mind, mind-body relation of Buddhism and philosophy of psychiatry. Chapter 2 reviews some philosophical refection on “mental disorder” from the prespective of American, Continental and Buddhism. Through the argumentation of transcendental consciousness constitution from the viewpoint of Yogācāra, Chapter 3 reveals the relation and genetics of mind and body. Chapter 4 justifies mind-body interaction and mind-brain relationship with the explication of “six supreme qualities” and “five aggregations”. The relations among “mind”(心王), “mental concomitants”(心所) and “mental disorder are discussed , and the definition of “reason” (理性) from Buddhist perspective is offered in chapter 5. Furthermore, we also explain that “mental concomitants” have cognitive, emotional and moral implications. The Buddhist concept of “reason” is thus coerected by “mental concomitants” with cognitive, emotional and moral implications, which affect mental health together.

Research in Logotherapy substantiates the influence of meaning on psychological health and Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) corroborates the effects of psychological health on physical health. This dissertation explores the relationship between meaning and physical health hypothesising that purpose affects physical health. Methodology Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), ANOVAs and stepwise regression were used to explore three possible models. Results EFA revealed four factors, purpose, fear, vitality and aggression. Significant correlations were found between purpose, vitality (0.42) and work application (0.53). Despite the significant relationship between purpose and vitality, the lack of Chi-square is significant, suggesting that additional variables should be introduced into the model. Conclusion People reporting high levels of purpose together with low levels of fear and aggression, can be characterised by high vitality and an absence of medical conditions. Future research should focus on evaluating meaning centred interventions on immunity and vitality.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

Movement intervention in a Gestalt therapeutic setting using structured activities and free improvisation is a successful method in creating awareness of contact-making styles for late adolescents. An overview of the existing literature regarding the theoretical aspects of the interrelatedness of movement therapy, awareness, contact-making styles and the use of movement as a therapeutic intervention within a Gestalt context was presented. This included a description of the meta-theoretical assumptions that underpinned the research. A case-study consisting of eight late-adolescent females using the exploratory and descriptive nature within the qualitative research model was applied. All participants reported growth and awareness within themselves. The researcher concludes that movement intervention within a Gestalt therapeutic context can support an approach that adapts itself to the developmental phase of the individual and is a creative way of maintaining interest and focus.
Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Movement in Gestalt therapeutic intervention, using structured activities and free improvisations, is a successful alternative to punishing adolescents with disruptive behavioural tendencies in the classroom. An overview of the existing literature regarding the therapeutic value of movement in Gestalt therapeutic intervention for adolescents with disruptive behavioural tendencies is firstly presented. Various techniques supporting the adolescent in his quest to achieve equilibrium, ultimately improving his relationships with others and his environment, are described. A case study, involving eight adolescents with disruptive behavioural tendencies in group therapy follows, which indicates that movement in Gestalt therapy is an alternative to punishment. In the light hereof it is suggested that movement in Gestalt therapy could be implemented successfully in the formal school environment. This form of intervention can contribute to the adolescent's growth, his ability to communicate and his relationships with self, others and the environment, culminating in improved behavioural tendencies.
Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)