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1
Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Relationships with Grandparents and Grandchildren’s Well-being after Parental Divorce." European Sociological Review 35, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz033.
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Abstract Grandparents are often considered as providing important resources in times of family crisis. Little is known, however, about the influence of grandparents on the well-being of grandchildren after parental divorce. This article investigates the association between the quality of relationships with grandparents and grandchildren’s subjective well-being. Using data from the study ‘Divorce in Flanders’, the authors compare 567 grandchildren with divorced and 238 with married parents regarding four indicators of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, self-esteem, mastery, and depressive feelings) and also examine variation within the group with divorced parents. Results show that the strength of grandchild–grandparent relationships is positively associated with grandchildren’s subjective well-being and that having a very good relationship with a grandparent matters even more for grandchildren whose parents have divorced. Moreover, grandchildren who experience frequent conflicts between divorced parents seem to benefit most from close grandparent relationships.
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Mansson, Daniel H. "Grandchildren’s Perceptions of Grandparents’ Use of Relational Maintenance Behaviors." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 91, no. 2 (May 26, 2019): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415019852776.
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The purposes of this study were to examine (a) grandchildren’s perceptions of the extent to which their grandparents’ use relational maintenance behaviors; (b) grandchildren’s perceived differences in grandparents’ use of relational maintenance behaviors as functions of grandparent sex, grandchild sex, and grandparent–grandchild (GP-GC) family lineage; and (c) the relationships between grandchildren’s perceptions of their grandparents’ use of relational maintenance behaviors and the grandchildren’s self-reported GP-GC relational characteristics. Young adult grandchildren ( N = 209) completed a questionnaire in reference to a specific GP-GC relationship. Descriptive statistics indicated that grandparents use the seven relational maintenance behaviors (i.e., advice, assurances, conflict management, networks, openness, positivity, and tasks) to different degrees. However, the multivariate analyses of variance did not indicate any significant effects for grandparent and grandchild sex or GP-GC family lineage on perceived grandparental use of relational maintenance behaviors. Conversely, Pearson correlations provided support for the hypothesized positive relationships between grandchildren’s perceptions of their grandparents’ use of relational maintenance behaviors and the grandchildren’s self-reported GP-GC relational characteristics.
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Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Grandparent-grandchild relationships and grandchildren's well-being after parental divorce in Flanders, Belgium. Does lineage matter?" Journal of Family Research 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-158.
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Grandparents can play a supportive role when parents are divorced, but we know little about how important they actually are for the well-being of grandchildren. Existing studies do not distinguish between grandparental lineages. But a parental divorce usually has different consequences for relationships with grandparents on each side of the family, especially contacts with paternal grandparents getting hampered. And evolutionary perspectives suggest that maternal grandparents are more beneficial to grandchildren’s well-being than paternal grandparents. Using a sample of grandchildren with divorced parents from the study ‘Divorce in Flanders’, we study whether the quality of relationships with maternal and paternal grandparents associate with grandchildren’s subjective well-being. Our results indicate that, although relationships with maternal grandparents tend to be closer than those with paternal grandparents, the strength of relationships with maternal as well as paternal grandparents is positively associated with the well-being of grandchildren with divorced parents. This suggests that not only maternal grandparents, but also grandparents on the father’s side of the family may play a beneficial role for their grandchildren in the often difficult times after a parental divorce.
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Lee, Youjung, and Deborah Whitley. "Needs of and Services for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: Regional, National, and International Perspectives." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2056.
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Abstract Grandparents raising grandchildren build strong foundations for their grandchildren. Despite grandparents’ significant contributions to their grandchildren’s future and society in general, there is a limited understanding of the unique needs and service utilization of grandparents raising grandchildren in various contexts. This symposium is focused on the needs of and services for the grandparent population at the regional, national, and international levels. Stucki will present findings from an examination of types and locally available services for grandparents raising grandchildren in Appalachia by sub-region. Musil and colleagues will discuss the service need utilization and unmet service needs of a nationwide sample of 284 grandmothers living with/ raising grandchildren and the relationships between service use/need and resilience, resourcefulness, perceived stress, reward, and appraisals of their current living environment for themselves and their grandchildren. Lastly, Lee will describe research findings from her comparative transnational research on needs and experiences of grandparents raising grandchildren in Malawi (n=29), South Korea (n=23), and the U.S. (n=23). Unique needs and cultural interpretation of intergenerational caregiving in each country will be presented. The symposium discussion will address diverse needs of grandparents raising grandchildren and strategies to meet those needs at regional, national, and international levels. Grandparents as Caregivers Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Bulygina, M. V., and S. V. Komarova. "Grandparents and grandchildren (review of foreign studies)." Современная зарубежная психология 8, no. 4 (2019): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080410.
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The article reviews foreign studies of intergenerational relationships. It analyzes grandchild-grandparent relations, as well as the figure of the grandparent and his/her understanding of his/her role in the system of relations with family members belonging to different generations. Putting a figure belonging to the older generation of the family in the spotlight made it possible to look for and find new factors that determine the nature and quality of the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren. The article also examines the specificity of interrelations between grandchildren and grandparents living in extended families or separately from their children and grandchildren.
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Gantumur, Zoljargalan, Marcos Baez, Nomin-Erdene Ulamnemekh, Francisco Ibarra, Sugarmaa Myagmarjav, and Fabio Casati. "Effects of Sharing Old Pictures With Grandchildren on Intergenerational Relationships: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): e16315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16315.
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Background Intergenerational relationships are beneficial for both grandparents and grandchildren. A positive grandparent-grandchild relationship can improve the psychological well-being of older adults and be a source of social support, family history, and identity development. Maintaining meaningful interactions can be, however, a challenging endeavor, especially as life events lead to relocating geographically. Grandparents and grandchildren can have different preferences in terms of communication mediums and different assumptions about the real conversational needs of the other. Objective In this study, we will investigate the feasibility and effect of sharing memories of older adults with their grandchildren in social media. This intervention focuses on bringing snippets of the lives of the grandparents into the grandchildren’s social media feed and analyzing the potential effect on relational quality, relational investment, and conversational resources from the perspective of the grandchildren. Methods A randomized controlled trial will be used to measure the effectiveness of sharing family memories through social media on intergenerational relationships from the perspective of the grandchildren. The study will be implemented in Mongolia among 60 grandparent-grandchild pairs who will be assigned to either a control or intervention group. Pictures and stories will be collected during reminiscence sessions between the researchers and the grandparents before the intervention. During an intervention period of 2 months, grandchildren in the intervention group will receive pictures and stories of their grandparents on their social media account. Pre- and postintervention questionnaires will measure relationship quality, relationship investment, and conversational resources and will be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Results We conducted a pretest pilot from January to April 2018 among 6 pairs of participants (6 grandparents and 6 grandchildren). The validation of the protocol was focused on the process, instruments, and technological setup. We continued the study after the validation, and 59 pairs of participants (59 grandparents and 59 grandchildren) have been recruited. The data collection was completed in November 2019. Conclusions The results of this study will contribute to strategies to stimulate social interactions in intergenerational pairs. A validation of the study process is also presented to provide further operational recommendations. The lessons learned during the validation of the protocol are discussed with recommendations and implications for the recruitment, reminiscence sessions, technological setup, and administration of instruments. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16315
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Steinbach, Anja, and Merril Silverstein. "Step-Grandparent–Step-Grandchild Relationships: Is There a “Grand Step-Gap” in Emotional Closeness and Contact?" Journal of Family Issues 41, no. 8 (November 18, 2019): 1137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19886638.
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High divorce and remarriage rates have expanded nontraditional family forms, as some family members leave and others join during the process of repartnering. A less explored consequence of the growth in step-families is the proliferation of step-grandparenthood. This paper focuses on emotional closeness and frequency of contact between step-grandparents and their step-grandchildren in childhood and adulthood. Based on 4,992 biological grandparents and step-grandparents participating in the 2014 wave of the German Ageing Survey, we compared 7,710 biological grandparent–grandchild relations to 465 step-grandparent–step-grandchild relations. Step-relations were differentiated by whether repartnering occurred in the grandparent or parent generation. Hierarchical linear regression results provided support for the hypothesis that step-grandparents feel less emotionally close to their step-grandchildren than biological grandparents feel to their biological grandchildren. In contrast, the observed lower frequency of contact in step-grandparent–step-grandchild relations was mostly explained by their weaker emotional ties.
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Mendoza, Nancy, A. Nancy Mendoza, and Christine A. Fruhauf. "REFRAMING INTERGENERATIONAL FAMILIAL RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE STUDY OF GRANDPARENT-GRANDCHILD CONNECTIONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2333.
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Abstract Intergenerational relationships include non-familial and familial connections. Common familial bonds exist between grandparents and grandchildren. Although grandparent-grandchild connections have over 40 years of research, measurement and design gaps remain. With this paper, we will address new approaches to examining grandparent and grandchild relationships in an effort to understand how this connection impacts our attitudes on aging. Specifically, we will discuss the opportunities of approaching such relationships from a longitudinal perspective. The grandparent-grandchild relationship can span close to 30 years, and yet knowledge of relationship stability and change between individuals in these family roles is limited. We will highlight the conference theme by presenting how social network analysis (SNA) applied to empirical data of grandparents raising grandchildren can reframe aging’s network ties. Further, future research using SNA with grandchildren will be addressed as a way to build on previous work, extending our knowledge of intergenerational relationships from the family perspective.
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HOFF, ANDREAS. "Patterns of intergenerational support in grandparent-grandchild and parent-child relationships in Germany." Ageing and Society 27, no. 5 (August 29, 2007): 643–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x07006095.
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ABSTRACTThe paper focuses on intergenerational support relations between grandparents and their grandchildren in Germany, and how they have changed from 1996 to 2002. The paper begins with a brief review of the literature on functional aspects of the grandparent-grandchild relationship, after which the research hypotheses about intergenerational support in the relationship are elaborated. Following a description of the data source, the German Ageing Survey, and its samples and measures, the evidence on the patterns of grandparents' provision and receipt of intergenerational support to and from their grandchildren are presented and compared with parent-child support patterns. The analysis also considers variations by age groups and birth cohorts and changes over time. The main empirical finding is that there was a greater likelihood of financial transfers to grandchildren in 2002 than six years earlier. Nevertheless, the grandparents' relationships with their grandchildren remained imbalanced or asymmetrical, at the older generation's expense. It was found that financial and instrumental support patterns between grandparents and grandchildren were best explained using an ‘intergenerational stake’ hypothesis rather than one of ‘intergenerational solidarity’; the latter is more consistent with parent-child support patterns.
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Kim, Eunbea, Mary Rogers, Erica Szkody, and Cliff McKinney. "Caregiver Relationships and Distress Moderated by Collectivism." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1105.
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Abstract The number of older populations raising their grandchildren has increased. Past research has indicated the distress custodial grandparents’ experience is related to their family relationships (Hayslip, Shore, & Emick, 2006). Family relationships are also influenced by a variety of factors such as social history, culture, family structure, and individual differences (Uhlenberg & Kirby, 1998). The current study evaluated the influence of culture on the relationship between caregiver relationship quality and mental health by examining 885 children (18-25 years; M=18.93). This study also compared the difference in cultural impact between custodial grandparents-grandchildren and biological parents-children. Measures included the Network of Relationships Inventory, Hofstede Cultural Questionnaire, and Adult Behavior Checklist. Path analysis was conducted using AMOS 26.0 which resulted in an interaction between relationship closeness and collectivism to predict custodial grandparent depressive symptoms. Custodial grandparents who reported a lower level of closeness with their grandchildren in a higher collectivistic culture reported a significantly higher level of depression symptoms than those in a more individualistic culture, particularly for custodial grandmothers. However, custodial grandparents who reported a higher level of closeness with their grandchildren in a higher collectivistic culture reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms than those in a more individualistic culture. Furthermore, compared to biological parents, custodial grandparents reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms when reporting higher collectivistic culture. These findings will inform the need for more research to assess factors of cultural features that reduce psychological problems and support family relationships to adapt psychological therapies in older adults.
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Hodgson, Lynne Gershenson. "Adult Grandchildren and Their Grandparents: The Enduring Bond." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 34, no. 3 (April 1992): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pu9m-96xd-cfyq-a8uk.
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This article presents findings from a national survey of 208 adult grandchildren concerning relationships with their “closest” grandparent. Levels of contact and perceptions of closeness are two indices used to evaluate the strength of the bonds between the cross-generations. The evidence suggests that along these two dimensions, grandchild/grandparent relationships are significant and meaningful. Although there is diversity among the respondents, interaction levels are high for the majority of the sample. Additionally, most respondents report that their relationships with their grandparents are close and enduring. A comparison of ranked means suggests that several factors are related to the strength of the grandchild/grandparent bonds: age, lineage, geographical proximity, the child/parent relationship, and the parent/grandparent relationship. This research provides a new understanding of a significant family role, that of adult grandchild.
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Miguel, Isabel, Alexandra M. Araújo, Sandra Fernandes, Luísa Carneiro, and Paula Fernandes. "Are perceptions of grandparenthood related to family and life satisfaction? A study with emerging adults." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, no. 4 (January 8, 2021): 1152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520981152.
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Given the crucial role that grandparents play in the upbringing and well-being of their grandchildren, research regarding the perceived importance of grandparents for their emerging adult grandchildren is of particular relevance. This study examined the relations between perceived grandparents’ roles and family and life satisfaction in Portuguese emerging adults. Participants (N = 387), aged 18–25, completed a structured self-report questionnaire. Findings of structural equation modeling showed that emerging adults’ perceptions of grandparental roles of counselor, enjoying the relationship, and indulgence are positively related to their family and life satisfaction. The mediation analysis showed that family satisfaction mediated the relation between perceptions of grandparents acting as counselors and the life satisfaction of emerging adult grandchildren. Implications of family relationships and grandparenting in the context of emerging adulthood are discussed.
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Momtaz, Yadollah Abolfathi, Mahboube Mahdi Vidouje, Mahshid Foroughan, Robab Sahaf, and Reza Laripour. "Grandparents - Grandchildren Relationship in Iran, 2017." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 14, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010296.
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Introduction: With the continuing growth of aged populations, it is imperative to find ways to maintain and improve the quality of life in old age. It has been documented that grandparents-grandchildren relationship is significantly contributed to quality of life of older adults. This study was conducted to identify the status and associated factors of grandparents-grandchildren relationship in a sample of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 377 community dwelling older adults 60 years and over living in Kashan, Iran. A multistage proportional random sampling technique was applied to obtain the sample. The grandparent -grandchildren relationship was measured by a researcher-developed 16-item scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS 23. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 70.42(SD = 8.20) years. About 62% of the respondents were female and 60.7% were married. The average score of grandparents-grandchild relationship was 67.60(SD = 12.47). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant model (F (11, 365) = 19.05, P < 0.001), where information communication technology of grandparents, geographical distance between grandparents and grandchildren, and the quality of relationship between grandparents and parents of grandchildren were the most important predictors of the grandparents-grandchildren relationship. Conclusion: The findings from the current study showed that status of grandparents-grandchildren relationship is moderate to high and influenced by some factors. It is, therefore, suggested that policymakers pay more attention to strengthening grandparent-grandchild relationship by providing educational programs for families and encouraging the elderly to learn and use information communication technology.
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Kemp, Candace L. "Dimensions of Grandparent-Adult Grandchild Relationships: From Family Ties to Intergenerational Friendships." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 24, no. 2 (2005): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cja.2005.0066.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the growing demographic phenomenon of grandparent–adult grandchild relationships from the perspectives of both generations. Drawing on qualitative life-history interviews (n= 37), this research explores the subjective meanings of the relationship, as well as the experiences of being grandparents and adult grandchildren. Despite tremendous diversity in grandparent–adult grandchild relationships, including differences among and between generations, both groups in this study view one another positively and conceptualize their ties as personally and existentially meaningful. They classify their relationships as a distinct family tie centred on unconditional love, mutual support, respect, and obligation. A number of individuals also discuss their grandparent–adult grandchild relationships as friendships, involving mutual trust, shared confidences, and personal choice. Overall, this research suggests that grandparent-grandchild relationships often grow more profound and meaningful as grandparents and grandchildren age, move through the life course, and experience life events.
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Alber, Erdmute. "Grandparents as Foster-Parents: Transformations in Foster Relations Between Grandparents and Grandchildren in Northern Benin." Africa 74, no. 1 (February 2004): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.1.28.
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AbstractThis article deals with an aspect of the special relationship between grandparents and grandchildren: the fosterage of grandchildren by their (classificatory) grandparents. By becoming social parents with full responsibility for their social children, grandparents—as foster-parents—take upon themselves the characteristics typical both of parental roles involving authority, and grand-parental behaviour involving joking, warmth and proximity to their fostered grandchildren. The practices of grandparental fosterage, as well as changes in them, need to be understood in the broader context of widespread fosterage among Baatombu, where the majority of children grow up not with their biological parents but with foster-parents. The gradual decline of old forms of fosterage is affecting foster practices between grandparents and grandchildren. The grandparents’ generation evaluate this decline negatively and fear that changing fosterage patterns may adversely affect their social security in old age.
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Deprez, Matthew Donald. "The Role of Grandparents in Shaping Faith Formation of Grandchildren: A Case Study." Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry 14, no. 1 (May 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073989131701400110.
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Research has long suggested that the relationship between a grandparent and grandchild is one of the most critical and important relationships one will ever experience. Because of the importance of the grandparent-grandchild relationship, this article seeks to find how grandparents shape the faith formation of their grandchild, particularly looking at whether or not geographic proximity is a factor in their faith formation. We will begin by defining our problem statement and introductory thoughts, then move into a literature review synthesizing the findings from various research, articles, books, and publications that describe how grandparents shape the faith formation of their grandchild. Finally, we will examine the data analysis and results of our research before offering practical conclusions for grandparents and the church.
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Nussbaum, Jon F., and Lorraine M. Bettini. "Shared Stories of the Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 39, no. 1 (July 1994): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/7wpk-lm6c-qca4-gq4r.
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This research examined the storytelling that oftentimes characterizes interaction between grandparent and grandchild. Close to 120 individuals (college students) audiotaped an interaction with one of their grandparents. They were asked to have their grandparent first “tell a story that captures the meaning of life” for them. In addition, the grandparent was asked to complete the phrase, “To me, life is like_____.” the students were asked to tell their grandparent “a story that captured the essence of their life at this time in their life.” Students were divided into similar numbers of same and mixed sex grandparent-grandchild relationships. The audiotaped interactions were content analyzed. A major assumption of this investigation is that the story which each individual chooses to share with their relational partner reveals to some extent the definitional nature of their relationship. Results of the storysharing interaction across relations revealed some gender differences in the types of stories grandparents share with their grandchildren. The implications of the shared stories upon the relational dynamics of the grandparent-grandchild relationship are discussed. In addition, the metaphors used by the grandparents to describe life in the presence of their grandchildren are analyzed.
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Gair, Susan, and Ines Zuchowski. "Grandparents battle to be key stakeholders in protecting grandchildren." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss1id543.
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INTRODUCTION: Grandparents are increasingly involved in the care of grandchildren, including after child protection intervention.METHOD: A recent Australian qualitative research partnership explored how relationships between grandparents and their grandchildren could be optimised after child safety concerns. Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with 77 participants, including 51 grandparents, 12 parents, six foster carers and eight child and family workers. Emerging themes reported here focus on the role of grandparents and their perceptions of, and interactions with, the child protection system.FINDINGS: Overall, findings identify that grandparents wanted to help safeguard their grandchildren but many encountered an adversarial child protection system that left them feeling powerless, fearful and unimportant. Aboriginal participants reiterated that child protection workers needed to better understand how maintaining kinship networks provided a protective factor for Aboriginal children, and that grandparents were key stakeholders in their grandchildren’s lives.IMPLICATIONS: The findings from this study affirm the value and role of grandparents and highlight the need for implemented family-inclusive child protection practice within and beyond the Australian context.
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Letiecq, Bethany L., Sandra J. Bailey, and Marcia A. Kurtz. "Depression Among Rural Native American and European American Grandparents Rearing Their Grandchildren." Journal of Family Issues 29, no. 3 (November 19, 2007): 334–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07308393.
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Increasing numbers of grandparents are rearing their grandchildren because of their adult children's inability to parent. Researchers have begun to document the mental health outcomes of grandparent caregivers in general, yet none have examined the mental health of Native American and European American grandparent caregivers residing in rural communities. To shed light on this topic, the current study examined relationships between degree of rurality; economic, community, and social resources; grandparenting experiences; and depression among 55 rural Native American and European American custodial grandparents. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, the best predictors of depression were grand-parental stress, total time providing primary care to grandchildren, household income, and race. Grandparents experiencing more stress, less time in the role of primary grandparent caregiver, and lower household income reported more depressive symptoms. Moreover, Native American grandparent caregivers reported more depressive symptoms than did their European American counterparts. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Gessa, Giorgio Di, and Karen Glaser. "GRANDPARENTAL CHILDCARE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES AND HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM ENGLAND." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1046.
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Abstract It is well recognised that grandparents play a vital economic and social role in providing grandchild care to families. In the UK, about two million grandparents provide care to their grandchildren for at least ten hours per week. However, to date, little is known about the nature and extent of care they provide and whether, and how, this relates to socio-economic and health inequalities. In this paper, we use wave 8 of the nationally representative English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Using latent class analysis, we developed profiles of grandparent childcare combining newly collected information on the activities grandparents do with or for their grandchildren, as well as on the extent of (periodicity, frequency, and intensity), and motivations for such care. Using regressions, we then examined the extent to which grandparents’ involvement in childcare is patterned according to current and lifetime socio-economic characteristics and whether such inequalities are an important modifier of the relationship between grandparenting and mental and physical health. Preliminary results suggest that more advantaged grandparents are the ones undertaking less arduous caring tasks and for shorter periods whereas those looking after grandchildren more intensively and for financial reasons are more likely to be of less advantageous backgrounds (not married, low-educated, not homeowners, and poorer). Moreover, undertaking more frequent and challenging grandchild care activities seems to be associated with poorer health but only among grandparents in the more disadvantaged groups. Our results contribute to better understand the nature of grandparental childcare and its effect on health.
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Tompkins, Catherine J. "Who Will Care for the Grandparents? Exploring Relationships Between Grandparents and Grandchildren." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 45, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20070501-06.
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Holladay, Sherry J., and Heather L. Seipke. "Communication between Grandparents and Grandchildren in Geographically Separated Relationships." Communication Studies 58, no. 3 (September 5, 2007): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10510970701518371.
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Tezcan, Tolga. "First-generation circular migrants involved in the upbringing of their grandchildren: the case of Turkish immigrants in Germany." Ageing and Society 41, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19000953.
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AbstractFollowing retirement, older immigrants increasingly tend to engage in circular migration. This back-and-forth movement introduces a variety of challenges affecting the nature of grandparenthood as well as grandparental involvement in the upbringing of grandchildren. For circular migrant grandparents, maintaining intergenerational relationships requires them to overcome not only geographic distances, but also linguistic and cultural differences. In families with circular migrant grandparents, intergenerational conflict often springs from disparate generational exposure to acculturation processes, producing divergent aspirations within the first and second generations regarding the upbringing of the third generation. This study explores how first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents attempt to raise grandchildren who reside in Germany by implementing ‘cultural and instrumental transfers’. This study undertakes a qualitative approach: semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents (N = 40). The analysis finds that child-care assistance is characterised by intergenerational conflict – rather than solidarity or altruistic support – between the first and second generations. Moreover, through transnational arranged marriages, as a cultural transfer, and inter vivos gifts, as an instrumental transfer, grandparents encourage their grandchildren to return to Turkey permanently.
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Ingstad, Benedicte. "The Value of Grandchildren: Changing Relations Between Generations in Botswana." Africa 74, no. 1 (February 2004): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.1.62.
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AbstractThis article is concerned with the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren in changing Tswana society. It argues that, in order to understand this relationship and how this has been changing, we have to look at different sets of relationships separately. The relationships between grandfathers/grandmothers and grandsons/granddaughters have quite different qualities depending upon whether their sons/daughters are married or unmarried. Moreover, these qualities are influenced in different ways by changes taking place in society. The data are analysed using Charles Taylor's concept of moral space and discussed in terms of ideals of respect, meaning and dignity.
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Pankhurst, Morgan, Kaye Mehta, Louisa Matwiejczyk, Carly J. Moores, Ivanka Prichard, Sandra Mortimer, and Lucinda Bell. "Treats are a tool of the trade: an exploration of food treats among grandparents who provide informal childcare." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 14 (May 31, 2019): 2643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000685.
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AbstractObjective:Globally, grandparents are the main informal childcare providers with one-quarter of children aged ≤5 years regularly cared for by grandparents in Australia, the UK and USA. Research is conflicting; many studies claim grandparents provide excessive amounts of discretionary foods (e.g. high in fat/sugar/sodium) while others suggest grandparents can positively influence children’s diet behaviours. The present study aimed to explore the meaning and role of food treats among grandparents who provide regular informal care of young grandchildren.Design:Qualitative methodology utilising a grounded theory approach. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, then thematically analysed.Setting:Participants were recruited through libraries, churches and playgroups in South Australia.Participants:Grandparents (n 12) caring for grandchild/ren aged 1–5 years for 10 h/week or more.Results:Three themes emerged: (i) the functional role of treats (e.g. to reward good behaviour); (ii) grandparent role, responsibility and identity (e.g. the belief that grandparent and parent roles differ); and (iii) the rules regarding food treats (e.g. negotiating differences between own and parental rules). Grandparents favoured core-food over discretionary-food treats. They considered the risks (e.g. dental caries) and rewards (e.g. pleasure) of food treats and balanced their wishes with those of their grandchildren and parents.Conclusions:Food treats play an important role in the grandparent–grandchild relationship and are used judiciously by grandparents to differentiate their identity and relationship from parents and other family members. This research offers an alternative narrative to the dominant discourse regarding grandparents spoiling grandchildren with excessive amounts of discretionary foods.
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Kim, Eunbea, Danielle K. Nadorff, Rachel Scott, and Ian T. McKay. "THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTODIAL STATUS ON MARITAL AFFECTUAL SOLIDARITY AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG GRANDPARENTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S944—S945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3433.
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Abstract Increased life expectancy and the diversity of family structure have resulted in a substantial rise in the number of families with grandparents as the main caregivers (e.g. custodial grandparents). The structures of these families affect the well-being of all family members. After middle age, psychological well-being is associated with marital relationship quality, and raising one’s grandchildren is a known source of strain to relationships. The current study examined adults aged 40 and older (M age = 57.6 yr, 53% female) using a nationwide sample from MIDUS to assess the extent to which custodial grandparenting status influences marital affectual solidarity, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and perceived stress. Measures included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Index, Spousal Affectual Solidarity, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Marital affectual solidarity was significantly related to custodial status and psychological well-being, and there were significant differences in marital relationship quality and psychological well-being between custodial grandparents and non-custodial grandparents. However, custodial status failed to moderate the relation between marital affectual solidarity and mental health. Although other factors surrounding custodial grandparents likely affect their marital relationship and mental health, these results suggest that grandparents raising grandchildren are under particular strain in their marriages and are in need of targeted interventions to ameliorate stress and depressive symptoms. These findings will inform the need for more research and supportive educational programs on family relationships and the psychological health of custodial grandparents.
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Viguer, Paz, Juan Carlos Meléndez, Sandra Valencia, Mª José Cantero, and Esperanza Navarro. "Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships from the Children's Perspective: Shared Activities and Socialization Styles." Spanish journal of psychology 13, no. 2 (November 2010): 708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002377.
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The objective of this study is to describe the relationships between grandchildren and their favourite grandparents, by studying the socialization styles used by latter and the shared activities undertaken. The participants were 360 children between 10 and 12 years old, who completed the grandparent-grandchild relationship questionnaire of Rico, Serra and Viguer (2001) and the socialization questionnaire of Rey and Ruiz (1990). The results demonstrate the importance of gender and family line in the selection of the favourite grandparent, differences being shown in the types of shared activities and in socialization styles. It is concluded that in the majority of cases the profile of the favourite grandparent is the maternal grandmother, retired or a house wife, aged between 60-70, who lives in the same city as his/her grandchild, and who has contact with them several times a week. Furthermore, favourite grandparents get more involved with granddaughters than with grandsons, both in support and care activities and in cultural-recreational activities, and they primarily employ a democratic style. However, there are differences depending on the gender of the grandchild, with democratic principles being used more with girls and authoritarian ones with boys.
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Tabata, Osamu, Kazumi Hoshino, Akiko Sato, Satomi Tsuboi, Takeshi Hashimoto, and Hidetoshi Endo. "Development of scales of relationships between grandchildren in adolescence and grandparents." Japanese journal of psychology 67, no. 5 (1996): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.67.375.
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Ingersoll-Dayton, Berit, Kanchana Tangchonlatip, Sureeporn Punpuing, and Laura Yakas. "Relationships between grandchildren and grandparents in skipped generation families in Thailand." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 16, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2018.1477646.
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Zhou, Jing, Weiyu Mao, Yura Lee, and Iris Chi. "The Impact of Caring for Grandchildren on Grandparents’ Physical Health Outcomes: The Role of Intergenerational Support." Research on Aging 39, no. 5 (January 4, 2016): 612–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027515623332.
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Little longitudinal data exist on grandparent caregivers and few studies have examined their physical health outcomes. This study examined the effect of caring for grandchildren on grandparents’ physical health and the role of intergenerational support from adult children. Longitudinal data derived from a survey on the well-being of older adults in China were used to conduct path analysis of previous grandparent caregivers (vs. noncaregivers) and repeated grandparent caregivers (vs. noncaregivers). The final sample was 799 grandparents aged 60 or older living in rural China. Three aspects of intergenerational support were measured: financial, emotional, and instrumental support. Repeated grandparent caregivers had better self-rated health (SRH) and fewer limitations than noncaregivers. Previous grandparent caregivers had better SRH compared to noncaregivers. Emotional support mediated the relationship between caregiving and SRH among repeated caregivers. Findings suggest that any caregiving experience (previous or repeated) provides health benefits to grandparents.
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Scott, Rachel, Danielle Nadorff, Loriena Yancura, and Melissa Barnett. "The Role of Intergenerational Relationships: Applying the Family Stress Model to Grandfamilies." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1124.
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Abstract The Family Stress Model (FSM) of Economic Hardship (Conger, Rueter, & Conger, 2000) was developed to explain the impact of financial stress on families through links between economic difficulties, parental emotional distress, marital conflict, disrupted parenting behaviors, and child maladjustment. The FSM has been cross validated in samples of custodial grandparents (i.e., grandparents who provide substantial care for their grandchildren; Smith et al., 2017). The current study modified the FSM by replacing inter-parent relationship difficulties with inter-generational relationship problems between the custodial grandparents and their children to ultimately examine the adjustment of the grandchildren. This change to the model is supported by prior research conducted on intergenerational stress impacting the parenting and subsequent development of children in grandfamilies (Barnett, Mills-Koonce, Gustafsson, & Cox, 2012). Using a nationwide sample of 317 custodial grandparents aged 40 and older (M = 61 yr) the fit of the modified model was tested using AMOS 26. Latent variables in the model included Economic Pressure, Caregiver Distress, Disrupted Parenting, Intergenerational Relationship, and Child Adjustment. Moderate fit was achieved (χ2(308) = 574.88; CFI = .896; RMSEA = .052). All pathways were significant with the exception of Disrupted Parenting to Child Adjustment. These results indicate that intergenerational relationships are an important predictor of child adjustment, and an applicable substitute for inter-partner relationships when modeling family stress in custodial grandfamilies. Details and clinical implications will be discussed.
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Noriega, C., C. Velasco, and J. López. "Perceptions of grandparents’ generativity and personal growth in supplementary care providers of middle-aged grandchildren." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 1114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519886661.
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Considering the Generativity Model in later life by Cheng, the objective of this study was to analyze how grandparents’ socializing values and styles toward grandchildren aged 6–12 are associated with grandparents’ personal growth. A sample of 300 grandparents participated in this study. Socializing styles (authoritative and permissive) mediated between participants’ personal and relationship values and their personal growth. Abilities and knowledge values showed a positive and a significant relation with grandparents’ personal growth. In contrast, the authoritarian style and materialistic values were not associated with grandparents’ personal growth. These results show how commitment to generative concerns and acts, such as grandchildren’s socialization, relates to grandparents’ well-being. The need to develop social programs promoting intergenerational shared activities and positive family interactions is stressed.
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Gray, Peter B., and Elizabeth Brogdon. "Do Step- and Biological Grandparents Show Differences in Investment and Emotional Closeness With Their Grandchildren?" Evolutionary Psychology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 147470491769436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704917694367.
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Human children are raised by a variety of caregivers including grandparents. A few studies have assessed potential differences in direct caregiving, financial expenditures, and emotional closeness between biological and step-grandparents. Drawing upon kin selection theory, we hypothesized that step-grandparents would provide less care and be less emotionally close to grandchildren than would biological grandparents. A sample of 341 heterosexual U.S. adults 25–35 years of age in a long-term partnership and with a biological child 5 years of age or younger were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Subjects provided sociodemographic information and answered questions about the dynamics between their own parent/stepparent and their own youngest biological child (hence, biological/step-grandparenting dynamics). Main analyses were restricted to within-subject comparisons. Results showed that biological grandmothers provided more direct childcare, financial expenditures, and had more emotionally close relationships with grandchildren than did step-grandmothers. Biological grandfathers provided less direct care and had less emotionally close relationships than step-grandfathers but did not exhibit differences in financial expenditures. Biological grandmothers provided more direct care, financial investment, and were more emotionally close to the referential grandchild than were biological grandfathers. Step-grandfathers were more emotionally close and more often played with grandchildren than step-grandmothers. These findings partially support kin selection theory. We discuss the relevance of factors such as competing demands on grandmothers’ investment in biological and step-grandchildren and grandfathering serving in part as mating effort. Sex differences in biological grandparenting also mirror those in parenting. We suggest directions for future research, including on grandfathers, particularly in patrilineal societies.
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Choi, Seung-won Emily. "Grandparenting and Mortality: How Does Race-Ethnicity Matter?" Journal of Health and Social Behavior 61, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146520903282.
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Little is known about whether and how intergenerational relationships influence older adult mortality. This study examines the association between caring for grandchildren (i.e., grandparenting) and mortality and how the link differs by race-ethnicity. Drawing from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2014, N = 13,705), I found different racial-ethnic patterns in the effects of grandparenting on mortality risk. White grandparents who provide intensive noncoresident grandparenting (i.e., over 500 hours of babysitting per two years) and multigenerational household grandparenting have a lower risk of mortality compared to noncaregiving grandparents. In contrast, black grandparents have a higher mortality risk than their noncaregiving counterparts when providing intensive noncoresident, multigenerational household, and skipped-generation household (i.e., grandparent-headed family) grandparenting. Caregiving Hispanic grandparents are not significantly different from their noncaregiving counterparts in mortality risk. These findings suggest that important variations in social and cultural contexts for racial-ethnic groups shape the consequences of grandparenting for older adult mortality.
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Sigurđardóttir, Sigurveig H., and Sigrún Júlíusdóttir. "Reciprocity in Relationships and Support Between Grandparents and Grandchildren: An Icelandic Example." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 11, no. 2 (April 2013): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2013.782743.
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Lai, Daniel W. L., Jessica J. Li, and Vincent Lee. "Grandparenting and Well-Being of Hong Kong Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Relationships." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1193.
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Abstract Grandparenting and intergenerational relationship play important roles in some older adults‘ later life, especially older people of Chinese culture. This study investigated the relationship between grandparenting activities, intergenerational relationship, and psychosocial well-being of Hong Kong Chinese older adults. A representative sample of 507 grandparents (aged 55+) were telephone surveyed in June to July 2019. Level of involvement in grandparenting activities was measured. Resilience and happiness were measured by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale. Two single-item instruments were adapted to capture the relationships between older adults and adult children, and between grandparents and grandchildren, respectively. A series of linear regressions and mediation tests with bootstrap approach were performed to examine the relationships between grandparenting activities, intergenerational relationship, and resilience and happiness. After controlling for socio-demographics, the frequency of grandparenting activities correlated positively with resilience and happiness. The relationship was partially mediated by inter-generational relationships including the relationships with adult children and grandchildren. The findings have concluded that grandparenting involvement and satisfactory intergenerational relationship are protective factors of health and wellbeing. Future healthy aging policy-making or programming should expand the scope from focusing on individual older adults to strategies of achieving the family-friendly goal so that intergenerational relationships could be better nurtured, benefiting not just the family as a functional unit but also the older adults’ healthy aging.
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Hayslip, Bert, Ray M. Toledo, Craig E. Henderson, R. Mishelle Rodriguez, and Daniela M. Caballero Vela. "Cross-Cultural Differences in the Experience of Grandparent–Grandchild Relationships and Related Psychosocial Outcomes." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 89, no. 2 (May 23, 2018): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415018769468.
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This study examined grandchildren’s perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their grandmothers and how these perceptions relate to psychosocial outcomes. Eighty-two youth from Mexico and 99 youth from the United States aged between 13 and 16 participated. Results suggested that both cultures benefit in unique ways from positive relationship with their grandmothers. Yet, there were also differences in the relational experience of grandmother–grandchild relationships across cultures. Specifically, grandchildren in the U.S. sample reported higher relationship quality, relational competency, and self-efficacy than the grandchildren in the Mexico sample. Within the U.S. sample, relationship quality was associated with grandchildren’s relational competence, while in the Mexico sample, relationship quality was associated with self-efficacy. Limitations of the present study include restricted generalizability to other age groups and to grandfathers and that only one element of the grandparent–grandchild dyad was sampled. Longitudinal research will improve our understanding of the causal dynamics of grandparent–grandchild relationships.
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Wood, Suzanne, and Poppy Liossis. "Potentially Stressful Life Events and Emotional Closeness Between Grandparents and Adult Grandchildren." Journal of Family Issues 28, no. 3 (March 2007): 380–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x06293893.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the variation in emotional closeness in the adult grandchild and grandparent relationship in relation to the occur-rence of potentially stressful life events in childhood. A sample of university students ( N = 119) completed a questionnaire measuring elements of inter-generational solidarity. Comparisons were made on emotional closeness between groups that had and had not experienced a life event, revealing it was the grandparent’s enactment of normative solidarity, as perceived by the adult grandchild, that produced greater emotional closeness. Complementing the findings of Bengston and Roberts, this research supports the theoretical view that high levels of normative solidarity lead to greater affectual solidarity, which in turn produces higher associational solidarity.
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Goodman, Catherine Chase. "Intergenerational Triads in Skipped-Generation Grandfamilies." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 65, no. 3 (October 2007): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ag.65.3.c.
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The past decades have seen growth in numbers of children raised by grandparents without their parent at home, called skipped-generation grandfamilies. This mixed methods study examined statements made by 459 grandmothers about core family relationships between grandmother and child, grandmother and parent, and parent and child. Families were grouped into intergenerational triad types based on patterns of closeness: all close relationships (triple-bonded), two close relationships (double-bonded), one close relationship (single-bonded), or weak relationships between all three family members (not-bonded). Well-being declined steadily for grandmothers from highest in triple-bonded, to lowest in not-bonded families, reflecting their high stake in all three core relationships. For grandchildren, well-being was low when the child failed to bond firmly to either grandmother or parent. On the other hand, children did well if they were close to their grandmother, even when substance abusing parents were emotionally isolated in the family, suggesting resilient children overcome parental neglect when provided with good grandparent care.
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WILCOXON, S. ALLEN. "Grandparents and Grandchildren: An Often Neglected Relationship Between Significant Others." Journal of Counseling & Development 65, no. 6 (February 1987): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1987.tb01287.x.
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Valdemoros San Emeterio, María Ángeles, Ana Ponce de León Elizondo, Rosa Ana Alonso Ruiz, Magdalena Sáenz de Jubera Ocón, and Eva Sanz Arazuri. "Grandparents’ and Grandchildren’s Shared Festive Leisure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 8850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168850.
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Festive leisure provides experiences that can generate intergenerational well-being. The study aimed to examine the festive leisure activities shared by grandparents and grandchildren, and the link with times, spaces, motives, and well-being that these activities bring to both generations. A cross-sectional telematic survey was carried out with 357 grandparents living in the northern part of Spain, who had grandchildren aged between 6 and 12 years. Both a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A high proportion of grandparents and grandchildren share festive activities, which occur on weekends and holiday periods. Private spaces, such as bars, cafeterias, and restaurants are the ones chosen for going out to eat or drink, and open public spaces like parks, squares, and streets are dedicated to traditional festivals, and are excellent scenarios for coexistence and intergenerational social interaction. The reasons that drive this practice are associated with the strengthening of emotional ties and family intimacy. Grandparents consider the practice of shared festive leisure to be beneficial for their personal development because they perceive that, thanks to this leisure, they improve their creativity, physical condition, their happiness and fun, the relationship with their grandchildren, and develop new manual and technical skills.
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Kirby, James N., and Matthew R. Sanders. "Using a Behavioural Family Intervention to Produce a Three-Generational Benefit on Family Outcomes: A Case Report." Behaviour Change 30, no. 4 (November 28, 2013): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2013.24.
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Background: Grandparents have a significant role in providing regular child care to their grandchildren. As such, they are in a unique position to help with the prevention of child disruptive disorders. However, the child-care role grandparents provide can also negatively impact the grandparent-parent relationship. Aims: This case study examined the impact of a parenting program designed specifically for grandparents on a grandparent providing regular child care to her granddaughter. Method: A case study is presented of a 56-year-old grandmother providing between 31–40 hours of care per week to her granddaughter, who is at risk of developing an early onset child disruptive disorder. The grandparent was measured on outcomes of child behaviour; parenting style; parenting confidence; psychological wellbeing in terms of stress, depression, and anxiety; and relationship satisfaction with the parent. The parent was also measured on child behaviour outcomes and relationship satisfaction with the grandparent. Measures were given at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Results: The grandparent reported significant reductions in stress, anxiety and depression; improved relationship satisfaction with the parent; and decreased reliance on dysfunctional parenting practices. The parent also reported decreased child behaviour problems and increased relationship satisfaction with the grandparent. No findings were found for parenting confidence. Conclusion: This case study provides encouraging findings for a new parenting program designed specifically for grandparents, and it is recommended that future research evaluate its efficacy in a randomised controlled trial.
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Sáenz de Jubera Ocón, M., E. Sanz Arazuri, M. Á. Valdemoros San Emeterio, R. A. Alonso Ruiz, and A. Ponce de León Elizondo. "Leisure Spaces Shared by Grandparents and Grandchildren in Northern Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 9191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169191.
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Spaces are the backbone of intergenerational leisure interests and experiences. The objective of this research was to examine the spaces used in the practice of leisure shared by grandparents and grandchildren and their link with the geographical area of residence. A cross-sectional telematic survey was carried out in which 357 grandparents with grandchildren between 6 and 12 years of age living in the northern part of Spain participated, and a descriptive study and inferential analysis of the data were carried out. The results revealed that a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. The preferred space for intergenerational leisure was the home, especially for cultural activities such as board games, watching television, and reading. Associations, municipal spaces (sports centers, cultural centers, playrooms), and educational centers are more frequently used in the inland populations. Residing in urban towns and coastal municipalities implies a greater preference for the use of private leisure spaces. Living in provinces with a wetter, rainy climate is related to more shared leisure practice at home. The possible exceptionality of the current situation, within the framework of COVID-19, which may have led to significant alterations in the grandparent–grandchildren relationship, is discussed, with the consequent need to continue this line of inquiry.
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Xu, Yanfeng, Qi Wu, Sue Levkoff, and Merav Jedwab. "Material Hardship, Mental Health, and Parenting Stress among Grandparent Kinship Providers in COVID-19." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3483.
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Abstract The COVID 19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of many families, including grandparent kinship families, to deal with a health/economic crisis. The fear of COVID-19 plus stay-at-home orders have increased individuals’ psychological distress. Moreover, school closures and homeschooling further increased parenting stress among caregivers. This study examined the relationship between material hardship and parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers and assessed grandparents’ mental health as a potential mediator to this relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Grandparent kinship providers (N=362) that took primary care of their grandchildren participated in a cross-sectional survey via Qualtrics Panels in June 2020 in the United States. Descriptive and bivariate analyses, binary logistic regression, and mediation analyses were conducted using STATA 15.0. Experiencing material hardship (OR = 1.67, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with higher odds of parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers, and grandparents’ mental health (indirect effect = 0.11, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25]) partially mediated this association. Addressing material and mental health needs among grandparent kinship providers is critical to decreasing their parenting stress.
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Ivan, Loredana, and Shannon Hebblethwaite. "Grannies on the Net: Grandmothers’ Experiences of Facebook in Family Communication." Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 18, no. 1 (June 7, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2016.1.199.
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<p>Despite ageist stereotypes about older people’s abilities to engage with information and communication technologies, grandparents are increasingly engaged with digital media. Grandmothers, in particular, are primarily responsible for using of web-based services to communicate with their children and grandchildren (Quadrello et al., 2005). Photos and news from children and grandchildren, especially grandbabies, act as important incentives for grandparents to go online. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to investigate how grandmothers use Facebook to facilitate family communication with children and grandchildren who move far away from home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with grandmothers living in Romania and Canada, having a Facebook account and relevant family members (children or grandchildren) far from home. Three themes emerged from the data indicating: 1) the tendency to switch between different platforms to facilitate family communication; 2) the relative passive use of Facebook, focusing on photos and quotations as content that trigger emotions; 3) that Facebook usage is influenced by social norms around decency and privacy. Findings suggest that family relationships play a central role in grandmothers’ motivations and behaviours surrounding Facebook use.</p>
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Napora, Elżbieta. "Parentification and Grandparents’ Support from the Perspective of Grandchildren from Families of Various Structures." Acta Technologica Dubnicae 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2016-0003.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the relationship between a retrospective evaluation of the experienced social support given by grandparents and the material status of the family with the quality of life of the grown-up grandchildren in families of different structures. The formulated expectations have been verified with the Social Support Scale (SSS), Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS) and an individual personal survey. The obtained results show that in families of single mothers, the emotional and informative support offered by grandparents was a significant factor improving the quality of the life of the grandchildren. In a complete family, however, the significant forms of support from grandparents were esteem support and its other forms, except for informative support. Moreover, the material wealth of the original family was shown to be an important predictor of the evaluation of the quality of life of the grandchildren; it was judged more negatively by adolescent children of single mothers.
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KIM, HYE JIN, TRACEY A. LAPIERRE, and ROSEMARY CHAPIN. "Grandparents providing care for grandchildren: implications for economic preparation for later life in South Korea." Ageing and Society 38, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 676–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16001215.
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ABSTRACTMounting concern about economic preparation for later life combined with a growing number of grandparents providing grandchild care is fuelling increased interest in these topics in Korea. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between providing care to grandchildren and economic behaviour. Guided by intergenerational exchange theory, this paper analyses the relationships between providing grandchild care and monetary compensation for care, and economic preparation for later life. Data come from a sub-sample of 2,599 grandmothers in the Korean Retirement and Income Study who have a grandchild under the age of ten, 279 of whom report providing regular care to grandchildren. Controlling for age, education, marital status and household income, the average amount of grandchild care provided per week is a significant negative predictor of economic preparation for later life among grandmothers. However, receiving financial compensation for providing grandchild care is not significantly related to economic preparation and did not mediate or moderate the relationship between amount of care provided and economic preparation. The implications of these findings and limitations of this study are also discussed.
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Christensen, Faline Bateman, and Thomas A. Smith. "What is Happening to Satisfaction and Quality of Relationships Between Step/Grandparents and Step/Grandchildren?" Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 37, no. 1-2 (August 2002): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j087v37n01_07.
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Jang, Heejung, and Fengyan Tang. "EFFECTS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS ON MORTALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GRANDPARENTING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.144.
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Abstract Issues of health and well-being have received considerable attention as a way to help grandparent caregivers. There is growing evidence that grandparenting is beneficial for grandparent caregivers’ health, yet acting as grandparent caregiver also is detrimental to health and social relations when a grandparent provides an extensive level of care to grandchildren. The extent to which grandparent caregiving benefits or harms of the health of a grandparent is still unknown; mortality specifically has not been systematically studied. Moreover, although altruistic behaviors towards others have been shown to have beneficial effects on caregivers’ health in general, there is little information regarding social relations of grandparent caregivers and their impact on mortality. This study aims to investigate the roles of different aspects of social relations among community-dwelling older adults, examining whether aspects of social relations, including social networks, received functional support aid, and perceived support quality, mediate the association between grandparent caregiving and mortality. The data were drawn from the 2008 and 2014 Health and Retirement Study (N=1,196). Results of survival analyses indicate that custodial and co-parenting grandparents were significantly associated with all-cause mortality over a 6-year period; however, the associations were marginally significant after health statuses were added into the model. Specifically, family-focused network groups were significantly associated with mortality. Received functional support and perceived positive support mediated the association between custodial grandparents and mortality. This study suggests that community-based support may be beneficial to older grandparents and perceived positive relationship quality could matter for older adults’ well-being.
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Castañeda-García, Pedro Javier, Vanesa Cruz-Santana, Fayna Hernández-Garrido, Paula Díaz-Rodríguez, and Sara Romero-González. "Which activities do great-grandparents and great-grandchildren share in family contexts? An analysis of a new intergenerational relationship." Anales de Psicología 37, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.355631.
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El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer mejor el rol de bisabuelidad. Se entrevistó a un grupo de voluntarios con bisnietos (n=78) mediante un cuestionario, cuyo contenido fue pilotado previamente, con preguntas sobre sus características sociodemográficas, las actividades que solían compartir con sus bisnietos y su opinión del rol de bisabuelidad, con la satisfacción asociada. Los datos fueron registrados y analizados tanto con tablas de frecuencia y estadísticos descriptivos, como con la prueba no-paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron numerosas relaciones significativas entre las actividades compartidas y aspectos socio-demográficos de los bisabuelos como la edad (p≤ .05), el nivel educativo (p≤ .01), la salud (p≤ .05), la distancia a la que viven de sus bisnietos (p≤ .05). Además, de mostrar que perciben su rol de bisabuelidad en general como una continuidad del rol anterior de abuelidad, aunque desde una tipología intergeneracional formal, distinta a la tipología informal y, sobre todo, opuesta a la del rol sustituto/subrogado. La mayor satisfacción percibida estaba asociada a esa interacción típica del rol formal (p ≤ .01). Los bisabuelos podrían estar cumpliendo ya alguna función destacable en las familias actuales de cuatro generaciones. The main aim of this study was to find out more about the role of great-grandparenthood. A group of participants with great-grandchildren (n=78) was interviewed using a questionnaire containing questions that had been put through a previous pilot study, covering participants’ sociodemographics, the activities that participants shared with their great-grandchildren, and their view of the role of great-grandparent and their related degree of satisfaction. The data were recorded and analyzed both with frequency tables and descriptive statistics and with the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The results showed several significant relationships between the shared activities and the sociodemographic variables, such as great-grandparents’ age (p ≤ .05), education (p ≤ .01), health status (p ≤ .05), the distance at which they live from their great-grandchildren (p ≤ .05). Also, it was found that participants generally consider the role of great-grandparent to be a continuation of their prior role as grandparent, albeit from the perspective of a formal intergenerational typology, distinct from the informal typology and, above all, opposed to the role of substitute/surrogate. Greater perceived satisfaction was associated with this typical interaction of the formal role (p ≤ .01). Great-grandparents may already be fulfilling a notable function in today’s four-generation families.