Dissertations / Theses: 'Relative adverb'

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ZAMBI, GABRIELA FARLEY MEIRELES. "ADVERB FORMATION: A STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN ADVERBIAL ADJECTIVES AND X-MENTE ADVERBS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16786@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O trabalho investiga a relação entre as formações adverbiais no português do Brasil, buscando identificar em que medida as características morfológicas e sintáticas dos adjetivos adverbializados influem no fato de estes apresentarem, em um mesmo contexto sintático, construções X-mente correspondentes. Examinam-se inicialmente as controvérsias relativas à conceituação/classificação do advérbio, a relação entre classe e função, os processos pelos quais são formados os advérbios em português e o tratamento dado as formas X-mente e aos adjetivos adverbializados na abordagem tradicional. Em seguida, observam-se estudos de orientação funcionalista e de base gerativista, nos quais se constatam divergências significativas no que concerne ao modo como é analisado o fenômeno da adverbialização de adjetivos. Opta-se por considerá-lo como resultante do processo de conversão morfológica, pois entende-se que apesar de adjetivos e advérbios pertencerem a categorias lexicais distintas, existe entre elas uma relação. Analisam-se ocorrências de adjetivos adverbializados extraídas de um corpus organizado para o estudo, visando a verificar se estes admitem a contraparte em - mente. Constata-se que dentre os fatores que influem na possibilidade de um adjetivo adverbial poder apresentar (ou não) um advérbio em - mente correspondente, encontram-se as características morfológicas da base e o grau de informalidade do ato de fala. Por fim, conclui-se que a maior parte dos adjetivos adverbializados apresentam uma forma X-mente equivalente, sem que haja alteração semântica.
This work investigates the relation between different abverbial constructions in Brazilian Portuguese, in order to establish the extent to which syntactic and morphological characteristics of adverbialized adjectives are connected to the potential interchangeability between these constructions and X-mente adverbs in the same syntactic context. We examine first the controversies regarding the conceptualization and classification of adverbs. Then we discuss the relation between class and function, after which we approach the processes of adverb formation in Brazilian Portuguese and the way X-mente forms and adverbial adjectives are described in the traditional literature on the subject. Some functional and generative oriented studies are then presented, in which significant discrepancies are found in the way adverbial adjectives are analyzed. In this study, we consider adverbial adjectives to result from a morphological conversion process because, even though adjectives and adverbs are different lexical categories, they are related to each other. The adverbial adjectives used in the analysis were extracted from a corpus specially formed for this study. The results show that the morphological characteristics of the base word and the degree of informality in the speech act are connected to the potential for having both constructions in Portuguese. Our results also lead to the conclusion that adverbial adjectives normally have an X-mente counterpart with no semantic change.

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Tjerkstra, Françoise Adriana. "Principles of the relation between local adverb, verb and sentence particle in Hittite /." Groningen : Styx, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39079178f.

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Hinterwimmer, Stefan. "Q-adverbs as selective binders the quantificational variability of free relatives and definite DPs." Berlin New York, NY Mouton de Gruyter, 2006. http://d-nb.info/988967308/04.

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Hinterwimmer, Stefan. "Q-adverbs as selective binders : the quantificational variability of free relatives and definite DPs /." Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414407827.

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Schiff, Jeannie. "THE CONTEXTUAL IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY ON SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ADVERSE SOCIAL OUTCOMES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3659.

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An interdisciplinary approach to policy and governance recognizes that many social welfare problems are interrelated, and policy-makers have long recognized a need to address the root causes of these problems. There is much evidence that income inequality is one of these root causes but research suggesting the effect of income inequality is mediated by social capital has complicated the relationship, as have theories of causality that take different approaches. This study takes an ecological approach to these issues to test the relationship between income inequality, social capital and selected adverse outcomes proposed by the relative income hypothesis. The relative income hypothesis posits that the impact of income inequality on adverse outcomes is mediated by social capital. The study used a retrospective cross-sectional design to analyze county-level data for the year 2000 with a structural equation model composed of three constructs: income inequality, modeled by four common measures; a social capital construct based on a model developed by Rupasingha, Goetz and Freshwater (2006); and an adverse outcomes construct designed as a parsimonious measure of social outcomes in four public affairs disciplinary areas. The test of the path presumed by the relative income hypothesis revealed both a direct effect of income inequality and indirect effect of inequality through social capital. However, the direct effect of income inequality on outcomes was significantly larger than the indirect effect, indicating the relationship is moderated, rather than mediated, by social capital. Since the impact of social capital on the selected adverse outcomes was relatively small, and the final model failed to achieve statistical significance, the relative income hypothesis that income inequality exerts its primary effect on outcomes through social capital was rejected.
Ph.D.
Other
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs PhD

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Liu, Chuang. "Exposure to ambient air pollution and noise in relation to adverse health effect in children." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173416.

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Adverse health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise have been reported previously. However, many published studies were in adults or aged population, little attention has been paid to children and in particular to noise and the potential combined effect with air pollution. In addition, we considered health parameters, which are underinvestigated so far. In our study, we explored associations between ambient air pollution and noise with blood pressure (BP), and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in school-aged children, using data from two German birth cohorts. Noise levels within a 50m buffer around each participant’s home address were assessed using geographic information system. Exposure estimates of annual average concentrations of air pollution for each participant’s residence were calculated using a land use regression model. Short-term concentrations of air pollution were collected from background monitoring sites. Information on BP and eNO was collected during a physical examination at the 10-year follow-up of the cohorts. We studied the health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise in children from three different aspects. The association between traffic noise and BP was explored in 605 children, and the results showed that higher minimum levels of weighted day-evening-night noise and nighttime noise around the home residence may increase a child’s BP. Based on this finding, we conducted a second analysis to figure out the combined associations between air pollution and noise with BP, and found that ambient air pollution was not consistently associated with BP with adjustment for noise. Furthermore, the effects of ambient air pollution on eNO were explored within 1985 children, and we observed a significant positive association between short-term, but not long-term, air pollution with childhood eNO. In conclusion, our study provided more epidemiological evidence on the adverse health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise in school-aged children, and highlighted the confounding association between ambient air pollution and noise. More studies are needed to better assess the combined health effects of ambient air pollution and noise in children.
Frühere Studien haben über die gesundheitsschädigende Wirkung von Luftschadstoffen und Lärm berichtet. Allerdings betrachteten viele bislang publizierte Studien Erwachsene oder die ältere Bevölkerung. Kinder und im Speziellen die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Lärm, sowie die gemeinsame Wirkung von Luftschadstoffen und Lärm wurden hingegen bislang nur wenig untersucht. Das ist ein Ziel der vorliegenden Promotionsschrift. Zusätzlich haben wir Gesundheitsgrößen betrachtet, die bisher wenig erforscht wurden. In unserer Studie haben wir die Assoziationen zwischen Luftschadstoffen und Lärmbelastung und Blutdruck und exhaliertem Stickstoffmonoxid (eNO) bei Kindern im Schulalter untersucht. Wir konnten dabei auf Daten von zwei großen deutschen Geburtskohorten zurückgreifen. Die Lärmbelastung innerhalb eines Umkreises von 50m um die Wohnadresse jedes Studienteilnehmers wurde anhand von Lärmpegelkarten im Geographischen Informationssystem modelliert. Schätzungen der mittleren jährlichen Konzentration von Luftschadstoffen an der jeweiligen Wohnadresse wurden anhand von „land use regression“ Modellen berechnet. Kurzzeit-Konzentrationen von Luftschadstoffen wurden mit Hilfe von Hintergrund Monitoring Stationen gesammelt. Informationen zu Blutdruck und eNO wurden während einer körperlichen Untersuchung beim Follow-up der Kohorten im Alter von 10 Jahren gemessen. Wir haben die Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffexposition und Lärmbelastung auf die Gesundheit von Kindern unter drei verschiedenen Aspekten betrachtet. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Verkehrslärm und Blutdruck wurde bei 605 Kindern untersucht und die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ein höherer Mindestpegel des gewichteten Tag-Abend-Nacht Lärmes und des Lärmes während der Nachtzeit um die Wohnung den Blutdruck der Kinder erhöhen könnte. Auf Grund dieser Erkenntnis haben wir eine zweite Auswertung durchgeführt um den gemeinsamen Zusammenhang zwischen Luftschadstoffbelastung und Lärm mit Blutdruck zu untersuchen und haben festgestellt, dass die Luftschadstoffexposition nach einer Adjustierung für Lärm nicht konsistent mit Blutdruck assoziiert war. Darüber hinaus wurden die Auswirkungen der Luftverschmutzung auf das eNO bei 1985 Kindern untersucht. Dabei wurde ein signifikanter, positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Kurzzeit-, jedoch nicht zwischen Langzeitexposition mit Luftschadstoffen und eNO beobachtet. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass unsere Studie weitere epidemiologische Erkenntnisse über die negativen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Luftverschmutzung und Lärm bei Schulkindern geliefert hat. Insbesondere wird damit betont, dass Luftschadstoffe und Lärm wechselseitige Störgrößen in Assoziationen darstellen können. Allerdings sind weitere Studien notwendig, um gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffen auf die Knochenumsatzrate bei Kindern abschließend beurteilen zu können.

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Chamberlain, Kristin R. "Adverse Childhood Experiences in Relation to Psychological Capital, Mental Health, and Well-being in College Students." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1583920904840024.

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Groot, Maria Hendrika de. "Bereaved by suicide family-based cognitive-behavior therapy to prevent adverse health consequences among first-degree relatives and spouses /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.

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Johansson-Manoury, Elisabet. "Le marqueur so en anglais contemporain : ses emplois en relation avec un élément verbal." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1403.

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Le marqueur SO est le signe d’une opération anaphorique. C’est de cette hypothèse de base que part ce travail, avec un but précis : montrer la mise en œuvre de cette opération lorsque SO est en relation avec un élément verbal. L’opération anaphorique marquée par SO est d’un type particulier : SO effectue une anaphore à un niveau notionnel, c’est-à-dire purement qualitatif. A partir d’un antécédent, SO opère ainsi une déconstruction de la notion véhiculée par celui-ci. Cette déconstruction permet la reconstruction de la notion par rapport à un point de vue subjectif. La notion anaphorisée par SO constitue un apport pour l’élément verbal qui en est le support. L’apport véhiculé par SO a pour effet de délimiter notionnellement le verbe. Il s’ensuit que SO en relation avec un élément verbal est le plus souvent doté d’un statut adverbial.

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Scheible, Silke. "Computational treatment of superlatives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4153.

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The use of gradable adjectives and adverbs represents an important means of expressing comparison in English. The grammatical forms of comparatives and superlatives are used to express explicit orderings between objects with respect to the degree to which they possess some gradable property. While comparatives are commonly used to compare two entities (e.g., “The blue whale is larger than an African elephant”), superlatives such as “The blue whale is the largest mammal” are used to express a comparison between a target entity (here, the blue whale) and its comparison set (the set of mammals), with the target ranked higher or lower on a scale of comparison than members of the comparison set. Superlatives thus highlight the uniqueness of the target with respect to its comparison set. Although superlatives are frequently found in natural language, with the exception of recent work by (Bos and Nissim, 2006) and (Jindal and Liu, 2006b), they have not yet been investigated within a computational framework. And within the framework of theoretical linguistics, studies of superlatives have mainly focused on semantic properties that may only rarely occur in natural language (Szabolsci (1986), Heim (1999)). My PhD research aims to pave the way for a comprehensive computational treatment of superlatives. The initial question I am addressing is that of automatically extracting useful information about the target entity, its comparison set and their relationship from superlative constructions. One of the central claims of the thesis is that no unified computational treatment of superlatives is possible because of their great semantic complexity and the variety of syntactic structures in which they occur. I propose a classification of superlative surface forms, and initially focus on so-called “ISA superlatives”, which make explicit the IS-A relation that holds between target and comparison set. They are suitable for a computational approach because both their target and comparison set are usually explicitly realised in the text. I also aim to show that the findings of this thesis are of potential benefit for NLP applications such as Question Answering, Natural Language Generation, Ontology Learning, and Sentiment Analysis/Opinion Mining. In particular, I investigate the use of the “Superlative Relation Extractor“ implemented in this project in the area of Sentiment Analysis/Opinion Mining, and claim that a superlative analysis of the sort presented in this thesis, when applied to product evaluations and recommendations, can provide just the kind of information that Opinion Mining aims to identify.

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Doolittle, Ashley K., and Jennifer Zorotovich. "Among Emerging Adulthood Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Relate to Anxiety, Depression, Life Satisfaction, and Survivor’s Guilt." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2018/schedule/1.

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are events that take place during one’s youth that may be stressful or traumatic (Adverse Childhood Experiences, 2017) and a strong focus within this body of knowledge has been on the experiences of childhood neglect and abuse. Emerging adulthood is a distinct developmental phase of the life course characterized by extensive self-exploration and consideration about the future (Arnett, 2000). Given that identity exploration continues to be important during emerging adulthood, it is important to study ACEs and the effects they have on the emerging adult who is making decisions regarding their future. Much of the literature on ACEs has been dedicated to establishing the relationship between ACEs and negative health outcomes. For instance, research has shown that ACEs have been linked to increased risks for suicide attempt and ideation throughout one’s lifespan (Sachs-Ericsson et. al, 2016) and has also been associated with feelings of anxiety (Briggs & Price, 2009), guilt (Kaess et. al, 2013), and depression (Briggs & Price, 2009). Therefore, ACEs and negative health outcomes have already been strongly confirmed. The positive psychology movement (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014) has brought to scholars’ attention the need to expand on conceptualizations of what it means to be doing well. Specifically, it is no longer sufficient to define optimal well-being only in terms of the absence of negative outcomes. In order to assess holistic well-being, consideration must also be given to positive factors. A recent review of the literature yielded no studies that have explored the presence, or absence, of positive well-being factors in conjunction to negative health outcomes among those having experienced ACEs. In order to obtain a true understanding of holistic well-being at critical developmental junctures, the current study moves beyond a sole focus on pathology by also considering how life satisfaction and subjective happiness manifest during emerging adulthood in relation to ACEs. Data on 284 participants were collected and analysis is forthcoming. Participants were recruited through the use of physical flyer postings, social media advertisements, and through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (mTurk) system. Regression analysis and bivariate assessments will be used to explore the relationship between ACEs and depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and survivor’s guilt. Findings will be discussed in terms of broadening our understanding of the impacts to holistic well being for as related to ACEs during a rather critical and busy developmental juncture, emerging adulthood. Moving beyond pathology-focused models will expand on professional practice by utilizing frameworks embedded within a strengths-based approach. Educators, advocates, practitioners, and clinicians can utilize this this knowledge to enhance their work with clients and the services provided.

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Nunez, Miguel. "Identifying Protective Factors in the Relation between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Subjective Well-being among Latino Adolescents." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1562842606306103.

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Liu, Chuang [Verfasser], and Heinz-Erich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wichmann. "Exposure to ambient air pollution and noise in relation to adverse health effect in children / Chuang Liu. Betreuer: Heinz-Erich Wichmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058077287/34.

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Liu, Chuang [Verfasser], and Heinz Erich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wichmann. "Exposure to ambient air pollution and noise in relation to adverse health effect in children / Chuang Liu. Betreuer: Heinz-Erich Wichmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173416.

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Higgins, Lucy. "Assessing and quantifying placental dysfunction in relation to pregnancy outcome in pregnancies complicated by reduced fetal movements." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessing-and-quantifying-placental-dysfunction-in-relation-to-pregnancy-outcome-in-pregnancies-complicated-by-reduced-fetal-movements(49311fd8-8b13-4741-8e60-e150be8765ee).html.

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Currently there is no test to accurately predict stillbirth. It is proposed that better identification of placental disease in utero may aid stillbirth prediction and prevention. Pregnancies complicated by reduced fetal movement (RFM) have increased risk of stillbirth. We hypothesised that RFM is a symptom of placental dysfunction associated with adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) and that this placental abnormality can be detected antenatally and used to identify fetuses at highest-risk of APO. We tested this hypothesis by: 1) comparison of ex vivo placental structure and function between APO RFM pregnancies and their normal outcome RFM counterparts, 2) comparison of in utero estimates of placental size, vascularity, vascular and endocrine functions obtained from placental ultrasound, Doppler waveform analysis and maternal circulating placentally-derived hormone concentrations, to their ex vivo correlates and 3) examination of the predictive potential of placental biomarkers at the time of RFM.Ex vivo placentas from APO RFM pregnancies, compared to normal outcome RFM counterparts, were smaller (diameter, area, weight and volume, p<0.0001), less vascular (vessel number and density, p≤0.002), with arteries that were less responsive to sodium nitroprusside (p<0.05), and with aberrant endocrine function (reduced tissue content and/or release of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL) and soluble fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1), p<0.03). Placental volume (PV) ex vivo correlated with sonographic estimated PV (p<0.004), hPL, hCG and placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations in the maternal circulation (p<0.03). Ex vivo villous vessel number and density correlated with Doppler impedance at the umbilical artery free-loop (UAD-F, p=0.02) and intraplacental arteries (p<0.0001) respectively, whilst UAD-F impedance correlated with arterial thromboxane sensitivity (p<0.04). Examination of placental structure and function at the time of presentation with RFM identified 15 independently-predictive biomarkers. Three potential predictive models, incorporating measures of placental size (PlGF), endocrine function (sFlt-1), arterial thromboxane sensitivity and villous vascularity (UAD-F), were proposed. Using these models, sensitivity for APO was improved from 8.9% with baseline care (assessment of fetal size and gestation) to up to 37.5% at a fixed specificity of 99% (p<0.05). This series of studies shows that antenatal placental examination is possible and improves identification of pregnancies at highest risk of stillbirth in a high-risk population by up to 29%. Therefore such tests merit further development to prospectively assess their ability to predict and prevent stillbirth itself.

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Ok, Pelin. "European luxury fashion brand advertising and marketing relating to nostalgia: a focus on Dolce&Gabbana adverts with a comparison to Italian cinema after World War II." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667066.

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La investigación examina cómo las marcas europeas de moda de lujo utilizan la nostalgia en su estrategia de publicidad y marketing, y en concreto, cómo el concepto de nostalgia utilizado en los anuncios de Dolce & Gabbana refleja la sociedad italiana, su estilo de vida y el cuerpo de la mujer. Asimismo, la tesis compara estos elementos con los tópicos presentes en el cine producido en Italia tras la II Guerra Mundial, estableciendo paralelismos y divergencias entre la publicidad y el neorrealismo cinematográfico italiano. La investigación utiliza el análisis de contenido de imágenes, la teoría del transporte narrativo, y la semiótica. Para ello se realizó un análisis cualitativo del contenido de las imágenes a través del programa NVIVO. El análisis se centra también en los anuncios nostálgicos de Dolce & Gabbana y en la comparación con los elementos característicos del cine italiano neorrealista, producido después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
This research examines how European luxury fashion brands use nostalgia in their advertising, and marketing, and how the nostalgia related adverts of Dolce & Gabbana reflect Italian society & their lifestyle, and female body after World War II with a comparison to Italian cinema. The research adopts content analysis of imagery as a research method, Narrative Transportation Theory, and semiotics. A qualitative content analysis of imagery was conducted via NVIVO to analyze the adverts of five luxury fashion brands. The research focused on nostalgic D&G adverts since they were inspired by Italian cinema after WWII, and made a comparison among the adverts, and Italian cinema characteristics after WWII by establishing similarities, and differences. This research offers a different product category to investigate for nostalgia literature: Luxury fashion brands’ advertising, a different cultural context to examine: European luxury fashion brands, and examines these brand characteristics within the adverts’ narratives by semiotics.

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Ben, Ahmed Walid. "Asymétrie d'information et rationnement du crédit bancaire : le cas de la PME Tunisienne." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0349.

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Malgré les encouragements visant à soutenir les PME, la création de ces entreprises demeure inférieure aux attentes ; nombre de celles-ci disparaissent. L'octroi de crédit est la ontrainte primordiale pesant sur le développement et la pérennité de ces entreprises puisque les banquiers accordent du crédit seulement lorsqu'ils s'assurent que les clients sont solvables et qu'ils sont aptes à honorer leur engagement. Cette politique financière discriminatoire des banques se justifie par la difficulté d'évaluer leurs risques et le manque de crédibilité de leurs systèmes d'informations puisque les informations sont insuffisantes et souvent unilatérales ; une des deux parties dispose d'une meilleure information ; il en sait davantage que l'autre. Ce phénomène est appelé asymétrie de l'information et pourrait engendrer l'aléa moral et la sélection adverse. Cependant, le contrat signé entre d'un côté, les emprunteurs, et de l'autre, les créanciers, pourrait se traduire par une information asymétrique conduisant, tout au plus, au rationnement de crédit, ou dans certains cas, à des taux d'intérêt élevé, freinant ainsi le développement de la relation banque-entreprise. Notre recherche s'appuie sur une enquête conduite auprès de 160 chargés de clientèle de deux banques tunisiennes, la Société Tunisienne de Banque (STB), et la Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie (BIAT), afin d'étudier leur comportement dans la décision d'attribution de crédit aux ppetites et moyennes entreprises (PME). L'utilisation de la méthode des équations structurelles montrent une diversité des comportements des banques privées par rapport à ceux étatiques
Despite the encouragement to support the SMEs, the creation of these companies still bellow expectations, number of these disappears. The granting of credit is the essential constraint pressing on the development and the sustainability of these companies because the bankers provide credit only when they make sure that the customers are solvent and that they are capable of honoring their commitment. This discriminatory fisal policy banks is justified by the difficulty in assessing their risks and the lack of credibility of their information systems, since the information is insufficient and often unilateral, one of two parties has better information, he know more than the other. This phenomenon is alled asymmetric information and could cause moral hazard and adverse selection. However, the contract between the borrowers, on one hand, and creditors, on the other hand, the creditors ould be shifted by asymmetric information leading, at the most, rationing of credit, or in some cases, to high rate interest ; thus limiting the development of the relationship between banks and companies. Our research is based on a survey conducted among with 160 account managers of two Tunisian banks, Tunisian Banking company ("Société Tunisienne de Banque", STB) and the Arab International Bank of Tunisia ("Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie", BIAT) to study their behavior in the decision of allocation credit to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The results, achieved through Structural Equations Analysis, show differences between private versus public banks in regard

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Boo, Fredrik, and Greger Nilsson. "Extern rådgivares påverkan i kreditprocessen för småföretag." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-939.

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Sammanfattning

Vi har undersökt hur kreditprocessen påverkas ur kredithandläggarens perspektiv, av att det kreditsökande småföretaget använder sig av en extern rådgivare eftersom tidigare forskning tyder på att det blivit svårare för dessa företag ett erhålla finansiering från banker. Ändringen i förmånsrättslagen 2004 är en bidragande faktor till småföretagens prekära situation eftersom det försämrade bankens utdelning vid en eventuell företagskonkurs. När en småföretagares kunskaper inte räcker till, kan en extern rådgivare konsulteras för vägledning i kreditprocessen. Vårt syfte med uppsatsen var att beskriva kredithandläggarnas uppfattning om den externa rådgivarens olika funktioner i kreditprocessen samt att analysera hur kreditprocessen påverkas av att en extern rådgivare agerar i småföretagets intresse. Vi har genom en kvalitativ undersökning och studerat fyra kredithandläggare i fyra olika banker med erfarenhet av vårt ställda problem och fångat deras respektive betraktelser. Resultaten pekar på att respondenterna upplever problemet på ett liknande sätt och våra huvudsakliga slutsatser har framkommit efter att vi studerat den externa rådgivarens olika funktioner i kreditprocessen. Konsultation av extern rådgivning innebär att kunskap tillförs i kreditprocessen vilket leder till att ett mer genomarbetat beslutsunderlag kan presenteras för banken. Vidare ger en extern rådgivare legitimitet åt kredithandläggarens beslutsunderlag och ökar därmed förtroendet för småföretaget vilket kan förbättra relationen mellan de två sistnämnda parterna. En risk har belysts för kredithandläggaren med att den externa rådgivaren undanhåller viktig information eftersom denne har ett egenintresse av att småföretaget beviljas krediten då det kan leda till ett fortsatt framtida samarbete dem emellan.

Abstract

We have investigated the effect on the credit process out of the creditor’s point of view, when a small business consults an external adviser since earlier research indicates that it has become more difficult for these businesses to provide capital from banks. The alteration in the Law of priority in debtor’s property on credits 2004 is a contributory cause to the small businesses precarious situation since it deteriorated banks dividends in a possible liquidation. If a small businessman’s knowledge doesn’t ad up, an external adviser can be consulted as guidance in the credit process. Our purposes with this essay were to describe the creditor’s opinion regarding the external adviser’s different functions in the credit process and to analyze the effect on the credit process when an external adviser acts in the small business interest. Through a qualitative investigation we have studied four creditors in four different banks with experience from our named problem and captured their respective reflections. The result indicates that our creditors experience the problem in a similar way and our main conclusions have emerged by studying the external adviser’s different functions in the credit process. Consultation of an external adviser represents that knowledge provides the credit process which lead up to more thoroughly decision-making data to present for the bank. An external adviser also concedes legitimacy towards the creditor’s decision-making data and increases thereby the confidence towards the small business which can improve the relation between the two last mentioned parties. A risk have become elucidated for the creditor which means that the external adviser withhold important information due to ones own interest that the small business gets granted the credit since it can lead to a continuous future collaboration between them.

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ANDIKO, DEVI, and 許月菲. "The Error Analysis and Teaching Suggestions of Chinese "Jiu" as Complex Sentences with Relative Adverb: A Case Study of Intermediate Indonesian Learners." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54xq2n.

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碩士
文藻外語大學
華語文教學研究所
107
The adverb "Jiu" is frequently used. "Jiu" is an adverb and one of the important connective terms between clauses. According to the study, the highest rate of bias for foreign learners to use "Jiu" is a complex sentence with a relative adverb. However, in the grammar points of Indonesian language, there is no one-to-one correspondence, which makes it difficult for Indonesian learners to understand and there are only a few studies of "Jiu" as a relative adverb on Indonesian learners. Therefore, this study uses questionnaires and in-depth interviews as the research method. In this study, 85 Chinese Intermediate Indonesian learners are used as the research object to analyze the bias analysis of Indonesian intermediate learners who learn "Jiu" as a complex sentence. First of all, through questionnaires, we can understand the types of biases used by Indonesian students to use "Jiu" as a relative adverb in a complex sentence, and then use in-depth interviews to explore the reasons for bias. Secondly, analysis of the grammar three plane bias of Indonesian students learning "Jiu" of complex sentences. Thirdly, according to the learning difficulties of Indonesian intermediate learners, the teaching sequence is proposed. Finally, teaching suggestions cover teaching principles, teaching methods and teaching plan, which can help Indonesian intermediate Chinese learners to correctly use "Jiu" as a complex sentence with a relative adverb and gives reference to the Chinese language teaching in the future.

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20

HOLINKOVÁ, Klára. "Vztažné věty ve španělských neliterárních textech (v porovnání s češtinou)." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85094.

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This thesis deals with a comparison of relative clauses in Czech and Spain language. The first part is devoted to the theoretical definition of the term "relative clause" in both languages and their comparison. In the second part the author performed a linguistic analysis of the Czech and Spanish comparable text with focuse on identification of the grammatical phenomena described in the theoretical part. This thesis is written in Czech language and includes a summary in Spanish.

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21

Ye, Na 1983. "Vaccine-adverse event association analysis on the VAERS database." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3293.

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The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) received thousands of reports of adverse events that occurred after vaccine administrations from the post-marketing vaccine safety surveillance. However, the causality between vaccines and reported adverse events cannot be taken for granted. In this report several data mining methods were applied to VAERS database that is coded in MedDRA terms to discover possible associations between vaccines and adverse events. Efforts were devoted to identify events that are reported more frequently after administering one vaccine than other vaccines using the following data mining techniques: relative ratio (RR), statistical significance (LogP), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and screened PRR (SPRR). The vaccine-event combinations that ranked top in each method varied substantially among the methods. RR and PRR gave excessive weight to small counts of vaccine-event pairs, but SPRR was able to correct this weakness. There are only 33 vaccine-event pairs that were shared among the top 1,000 ranked in each method. Evaluating the properties of these data mining methods and exploring other methods will help improve vaccine safety surveillance.
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22

Chang, Ling-Ling, and 張玲玲. "한국어 부사의 호응관계 연구A Study on the Co-occurrence Relation of Korean Adverb." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41886385934823783912.

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碩士
中國文化大學
韓國語文學系
99
한국어 부사는 동사를 한정하는 일반적인 기능 외에 관형사, 수사, 대명사, 부사, 문장도 수식하기도 한다. 부사는 특수한 형태를 갖고 있으며 사용시 부사의 위치도 한정 수식하는 범위에 영향을 준다. 본고는 부사 작용의 본질, 사용의 방법과 부사가 소재하는 위치, 특성에서 한국어 부사가 의존명사, 조사, 동사, 연결어미, 종결어미, 보조동사와 공기하는 관계, 기능과 특색을 살펴보았다. 본고는 ‘1. 부사+ 의존명사 2. 부사+ 조사 3. 부사+ 동사 4. 부사+ 형용사 5. 부사+ 부사 6.부사+ 보조동사 7. 부사+ 보조형용사 8.부사+ 연결어미 9. 부사+ 종결어미’에 대하여 그 서로 호응/공기 관계를 담구하는 것이다. 부사가 다른 문법 요소와 공기하는 기능은 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있다. 1. 어감 강화 (예, 비록+아도) 2. 부정의 정도 (예, 전혀+동사+지 않다) 3. 당연함(예, 반드시 + -하여야 하다) 4. 재확인 (예, 하물며+-겠는가) 5. 가정조건 (예, 만일+ -(으)면) 6. 추정, 추측 (예, 아마도+-ㄹ/을 것이다) 7. 비교 (예, –보다 더/덜) 등. 그리고 한국어 부사는 가장 큰 특색은 즉 한국어 문장 중에 대부분 생략된다면 원래 뜻을 유지하는 것이다. 그런 반면에 그 부사어를 더한다면 그 어감을 중첩하게 할 수 있다. 예를 들면, 왜냐하면 시간을 낭비하지 않기 위해서다. 시간을 낭비하지 않기 위해서다. 아무리 바빠도 오늘 일을 내일로 미루지 않는 게 좋아? 바빠도 오늘 일을 내일로 미루지 않는 게 좋아? 한국어 부사는 꼭 특정한 품사와 호응 관계를 가져야 되는 것이 아니다. 그런데 부분 부사가 어떤 요소와의 호응은 다분히 관용적인 현상이다. 그 것은 문장중의 부정, 가설, 양보, 정도…등의 뜻을 강조하는 것이다.

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23

Li, Shaojin. "Essays on investment and adverse selection." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6692.

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Relative used capital price, the measure of irreversibility, is fixed in almost all the investment literature. This dissertation introduces investment models with state-dependent irreversibility and tests whether these models outperform fixed irreversibility cases, at both the macro and micro levels. Since there is currently no historical data available on the issue of used capital prices, the first chapter uses an indirect inference procedure to estimate the cyclical property of irreversibility at the micro-level. In the second chapter, I propose a dynamic investment model with endogenous irreversibility arising from the lemons problem in the used capital market and examine the cyclical implication of irreversibility. Data evidence shows that capital reallocation, or used capital expenditure, is pro-cyclical. In a general equilibrium framework, the third chapter reveals that the investment model with state-dependent irreversibility explains this phenomenon while the model with fixed irreversibility does not.
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24

Kuo, Chug-Tung, and 郭俊東. "The Effect of Relative Deprivation on Self-Rated Health and Adverse Health Behaviors." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65541938256003276651.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
衛生政策與管理研究所
97
Background: Relative deprivation has been hypothesized as a mechanism in the relation between income inequality and population health. Being relatively deprived causes frustration, shame, and stress, and might increase the probability of engaging in risky behaviors. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of relative deprivation with self-rated health and adverse health behaviors in Taiwan. Methods: Data for the analysis came from the 2002 National Survey of Taiwan on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Health Promotion, consisting of 9,010 men and 8,624 women aged 25 to 64. Relative deprivation was measured by using the Yitzhaki index, which calculates the deprivation suffered by each individual as a function of the shortfall between one’s income and the average income of others with higher incomes in that person’s reference group. The definitions of reference groups were constructed by the demographic variables such as gender, age group and educational attainment, as well as combinations of these characteristics. Adverse health behaviors include cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel nut chewing. Results: In 2002, the percentage of men and women aged 25-64 in Taiwan were 8.5% and 10.0% for reporting poor health, 53.4% and 4.9% for cigarette smoking, 17.6% and 2.4% for frequent alcohol drinking, 20.8% and 1.4% for betel nut chewing. After controlling for absolute income and other demographic factors, logistic regressions showed that the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) in men and women by different definitions of reference group ranged from: 1.19 (0.96-1.47) to 1.76 (1.17-2.66) and 0.94 (0.74-1.18) to 1.47 (0.88-2.45) for poor self-rated health, 1.07 (0.94-1.21) to 1.40 (1.09-1.80) and 1.08 (0.70-1.67) to 1.61 (1.12-2.32) for smoking, 1.12 (0.96-1.31) to 1.30 (1.14-1.49) and 1.07 (0.55-1.97) to 1.71 (1.12-2.62) for alcohol drinking, 1.20 (1.00-1.43) to 1.44 (1.24-1.66) and 1.39 (0.59-3.26) to 3.00 (1.07-8.43) for betel nut chewing. In general, when using the combination of gender, age and education as the definition of reference group, the associations were all statistically significant, except self-rated health for women. Conclusion: Relative deprivation is a determinant of poor self-rated health and adverse health behaviors in Taiwan.

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Erasmus, Helena Catharina. "The theory of thwarted belongingness and its relation to youth violence." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25586.

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The thesis titled “The theory of thwarted belongingness and its relation to youth violence” presents the findings of a qualitative study that focussed on late adolescents who have committed physical assault and who were referred to a diversion programme by a court. The study followed a grounded theory methodology approach for which convenience sampling, purposeful sampling and theoretical sampling were used to obtain participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analysed through constant comparative analysis. From the analysis the theory on thwarted belongingness emerged that explains how the adolescents attempt to negotiate a sense of belonging. The theory further explains how failed negotiations are dealt with and when one could expect violent behaviour to occur. In general, the current research study creates awareness of the psychological non-shared environment and its potential role in the development of behaviour. Future research should be focussed on the saturation of categories and dimensions that have not been fully saturated in the current study and to test the theory of thwarted belongingness since it is a newly generated theoretical stance that needs to be validated.
Psychology
Ph. D. (Psychology)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relative adverb'

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