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1

Lopes, Onorio Ana Claudia. "Relative ends and splittings of groups." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428055/.

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This thesis is motivated by a long-standing conjecture on groups with Bredon cohomological dimension one and their action on trees with stabilisers in a specific family of subgroups. Chapter 1 consists of the first approach to deal with the problem following steps of known results for families of finite and virtually cyclic subgroups. As a consequent of this attempt, we answer a question on the Bredon cohomological and geometric dimension of free abelian groups with finite rank. The Main Theorem in Chapter 2 provides a partial answer to Kropholler's Conjecture on splittings of groups, which has been thought to be an alternative step for the proof of the conjecture stated in Chapter 1. We define the notion of relative ends, commensurable subgroups, almost invariant sets and the relation between those and splittings of groups, or equivalently, actions on trees with special stabilisers.
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Vonseel, Audrey. "Hyperbolicité et bouts des graphes de Schreier." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD025/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la topologie à l'infini d'espaces généralisant les graphes de Schreier. Plus précisément, on considère le quotient X/H d'un espace métrique géodésique propre hyperbolique X par un groupe quasi-convexe-cocompact H d'isométries de X. On montre que ce quotient est un espace hyperbolique. Le résultat principal de cette thèse indique que le nombre de bouts de l'espace quotient X/H est déterminé par les classes d'équivalence sur une sphère de rayon explicitement calculable. Dans le cadre de la théorie des groupes, on montre que l'on peut construire explicitement des groupes et des sous-groupes pour lesquels il n'existe pas d'algorithme permettant de déterminer le nombre de bouts relatifs. Si le sous-groupe est quasi-convexe, on donne un algorithme permettant de calculer le nombre de bouts relatifs<br>This thesis is devoted to the study of the topology at infinity of spaces generalizing Schreier graphs. More precisely, we consider the quotient X/H of a geodesic proper hyperbolic metric space X by a quasiconvex-cocompact group H of isometries of X. We show that this quotient is a hyperbolic space. The main result of the thesis indicates that the number of ends of the quotient space X/H is determined by equivalence classes on a sphere of computable radius. In the context of group theory, we show that one can construct explicitly groups and subgroups for which there are no algorithm to determine the number of relative ends. If the subgroup is quasiconvex, we give an algorithm to compute the number of relative ends
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McKinley, Shelby L., Thalia P. Sullivan, Hannah G. Mitchell, and Meredith K. Ginley. "The Relation Between Family History of Addiction and ENDS use." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8894.

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4

Filippa, Lundgren. "Anhörigas upplevelse av delaktighet vid vård i livets slut i hemmet : En deduktiv och induktiv innehållsanalys." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10976.

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5

Johansson, Johanna, and Lina Magnusson. "Palliativ vård i hemmet − närståendes upplevelser av vård vid livets slutskede : En litteraturbaserad studie." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13632.

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Background: About 80 percent of the people dying in Sweden are considered to have been in need of palliative care. When death is approaching, due to age or illness, the ill person's and the relatives' needs must be met which is the main aim of palliative care. It has been increasingly common that people choose to be cared for in their own home in the end of life and therefore knowledge of the relatives' experience is important for the healthcare professionals. Aim: To highlight relatives' experience of palliative care at the end of life in the dying person's home. Method: A literature review based on qualitative studies. Eight articles were analyzed in five steps according to Friberg's qualitative content analysis for literature based studies. Results: Three main themes and six sub-themes emerged through the analysis. The main themes were: To fulfill a wish, To experience security and To be a caregiver. Conclusion: In order for relatives to feel confirmed as caregivers and to preserve a good health it is of great importance that the nurse communicates and makes them feel involved by giving them both support, information and the possibility to participate in the care but also to be unloaded.<br>Denna studie beskriver hur närstående upplever palliativ vård i hemmet vid livets slutskede. I Sverige väljer allt fler personer att vårdas i sitt hem den sista tiden i livet, vilket innebär att det också är fler närstående som är i behov av vård då även deras hälsa påverkas. Därför är kunskap om de närståendes upplevelser viktig för sjukvården. Resultatet i studien baseras på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar där studiens resultat presenteras i tre huvudteman och sex subteman. Resultatet visade att närstående upplevde ett krav och en förväntan att uppfylla den döende personens önskan. De kände även ett behov av att få stöd och information från sjuksköterskan, men också att vara delaktiga och bli bekräftade. Vårdandet påverkade både de närståendes hälsa och relationen till den döende personen, men genom att sjuksköterskan fanns där som ett stöd för dem kunde den betydelsefulla relationen mellan den döende personen och dennes närstående bevaras. Därför har sjuksköterskans närvaro en betydande roll i hur närstående upplever den palliativa vården vid livets slutskede.
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Larsson, Sara, and Amanda Sävhage. "Närståendes upplevelse vid palliativ vård i hemmet." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-11478.

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Det blir allt vanligare med människor som vårdas palliativt i hemmet. I och med det blir det vanligare att närstående är en del av vårdprocessen. Närstående ställs då inför en helt ny roll gentemot den anhörige. De upplever svårigheter med att bibehålla ett normalt familjeliv då hemmet mer och mer börjar likna ett sjukhus, samtidigt som de vet att de inte skulle klara sig utan hjälpmedlen. Upplevelsen för närstående att ha en döende familjemedlem är påfrestande. Den närstående är inte längre bara en familjemedlem eller vän utan någon som den sjuke är beroende av. För att kunna axla denna roll behöver den närstående stöttning från sjuksköterskan, vänner och familj.   För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge det stöd närstående behöver är det viktigt att få en uppfattning om den närståendes upplevelse av den palliativa vården i hemmet. För att ta reda på detta valdes en litteraturstudie till examensarbetet. 12 kvalitativa artiklar analyserades till resultatet vilket mynnade ut i tre teman, att ta ansvar i vårdandet, att ha behov av stöd och att möta döden.  Resultatet visar att de närstående känner ett ansvar i vårdandet. Vissa uttrycker att de inte har något val, de sätter sig själva åt sidan för att kunna uppfylla löftet att vårda den sjuke. Andra känner att det är en självklarhet. De tycker att det är en naturlig del av livet och en möjlighet att få vara nära sin älskade på slutet. Det är viktigt med stöd från sjukvårdspersonal, vänner och familj för de närstående. Brist på stöd gör att närstående känner sig övergivna. Det är lätt att den närstående blir isolerad och bunden till hemmet under vårdtiden och för att klara av det krävs det stöd från utomstående. Närstående tycker att det var svårt att prata om döden, speciellt med den sjuke. De upplever att det är lättare att diskutera döden och sjukdomen med sjuksköterskan för att inte oroa den sjuke i onödan. De känner sig ständigt konfronterande med döden men de uppskattar att de kan vara närvarande och där för den sjuke på slutet.<br>Background: In recent years, it has become increasingly common for patients to choose to end their life at home. Relatives often wants to fulfill the wishes of the sick person, but are often poorly prepared to act as caregivers and experience lack of continuity, insufficient information and poor treatment. The experience of relatives having a dying family member is stressful. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of relatives in palliative homecare.  Method: A literature based study with 12 qualitative articles were performed using the Friberg method of analysis. Results: The result showed that some relatives felt that taking care of their family member where a matter of course and others felt that they had no choice. It was important for the relatives to have support from healthcare professionals, family and friends. Lack of support made them feel abandoned. It was difficult to talk about death with the dying family member and relatives expressed that it was easier to talk to the nurse about it.  Conclusion: Death was constantly present, despite that death was hard to talk about with the sick person. It was also hard for the relative to be responsible for someone else and they felt that they were isolated in their own home. The relatives felt therefore the need to be supported by the nurse. They needed to be able to talk to the nurse and feel safe to fulfill the feeling of support.
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Yu, Wenbo. "Synthesis, microstructural characterization, mechanical and transport properties of Ti2Al(CxNy) solid solutions and their relative end-members." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2267/document.

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Les travaux exposés dans cet ouvrage décrivent la synthèse, la caractérisation microstructurale et les propriétés physiques de solutions solides nanolamellaires des phases MAX. Les phases Mn+1AXn (M : métal de transition, A : un métal des groupes IlIA ou IV A, et X: carbone ou azote) constituent une famille de nitrures et de carbures ternaires (n = 1 à 3), qui possèdent les meilleures propriétés des métaux et les meilleures propriétés des céramiques.Lors d'une première étape, nous nous concentrons sur la synthèse de solutions solides pures et denses de Ti2AICxNy par compression isostatique à chaud. Les variations des paramètres de maille sont étudiée et discutée an fonction du taux de substitution (carbone-azote) et du taux de lacune (sur le site X). Lors d'une seconde étape, nous étudions les propriétés mécaniques et les propriétés de transport électronique des solutions solides Ti2AICxNy et des phases Ti2AICx et Ti2AINy. La technique de nanoindentation pour déterminer la dureté et le module élastique en fonction du taux de substitution et de lacune. Nous démontrons que la substitution conduit à une amélioration des propriétés mécaniques tandis que l'introduction de lacune conduit à une détérioration de ces propriétés. La résistivité électrique augmente lorsque des lacunes et/ou un effet de substitution sont introduits. Dans le cas de la substitution, nous démontrons que le désordre introduit est faible et que seule la diminution du temps de relaxation explique l'augmentation de la résistivité (interaction électron-phonons). Dans le cas de l'introduction de lacunes, nous montrons que ces dernières conduisent à une modification du temps de relaxation et probablement à une modification de la densité de porteurs.Enfin, l'anisotropie des propriétés de transport électronique a été mise en évidence par des mesures de résistivité réalisée avec le courant électrique circulant dans le plan de base et avec le courant électrique circulant selon l'axe c. Nous démontrons les propriétés de transport dans le plan de base peuvent être comprises en utilisant un modèle à une bande et un mécanisme de conduction assuré par des électrons ayant le comportement de trous<br>The work discussed in this thesis concerns the synthesis, the microstructural characterization and the physical properties of nanolaminated MAX phase's solid solution. The Mn+1AXn phases (M: transition metal, A: IlIA or IV A group element, and X: either carbon or nitrogen) are a class of ternary nitrides and carbides (n=l to 3), which possess sorne of the best properties ofmetal and sorne of the best properties of ceramics.In a first step, we focus on the synthesis of highly pure and dense Ti2AICxNy solid solutions by hot isostatic pressing. The influence of the substitution of C atoms by N atoms and the influence of vacancy content on the solid solution lattice parameters is discussed. In a second step, we investigate the mechanical and transport properties of Ti2AICxNy solid solutions and oftheir related Ti2AICx and Ti2AINy end-members. Hardness and elastic modulus has been studied using nanoindentation tests. It is demonstrated that sol id solution effect leads to a hardening effect whereas the presence vacancy leads to a softening effect. The electrical resistivity is shown to increase with vacancy content and substitution rate. Such an effect is discussed in terms of disorder and relaxation time variation. Finally, the anisotropic transport properties of MAX phases is studied and discussed. The anisotropy of transport properties has been evidenced by direct measurement of the resistivity along the basal plane and along the c-axis. It is demonstrated that transport property in the basal plane can be understood in the framework of a single band model with hole-like states as charge carrier
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8

Werkander, Harstäde Carina. "Guilt and shame in end-of-life care : the next-of-kin's perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, HV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23637.

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Aim: The overall aim of the thesis was to explore and describe the concepts of guilt and shame and gain a greater understanding of the next-of-kin’s experiences of guilt and shame in end-of-life care. Methods: Study I was a qualitative secondary analysis of 47 interviews with next-of-kin searching for experiences of guilt and shame. In study II a semantic concept analysis of the two concepts guilt and shame was performed. In studies III and IV a hermeneutic approach inspired by Gadamer was used to analyze next-of-kin’s experiences of guilt (Study III), and shame (Study IV) in end-of-life care. Main findings: The concept of guilt focus on behaviour and the concept of shame on the influence on the self.  The situation of being next-of-kin in end-of-life care involves a commitment to make the remaining time for the loved one as good as possible. When, for some reason, the commitment cannot be accomplished there is a risk that the next-of-kin experience guilt such as not having done enough, not having been together during important events, not having talked enough to each other, or not having done the right things. Aspects such as not having fulfilled a commitment, omission, and being the cause of can be present in these experiences. The guilt experience has a focus on what the next-of-kin has, or has not done. The experiences of shame are also linked to a perception that the remaining time for the loved one should be as good as possible. Shame can occur when the next-of-kin is involved and actually causes harm to the loved one as well as in situations that are beyond their control. Shame that the next-of-kin experience can also emanate from being put in situations by other people. Feelings of inferiority and powerlessness, second order shame, and family conflicts that are brought into the open are experiences of shame found in the studies as well as ignominy, humiliation, and disgrace. The shame experience has a focus on the next-of-kin’s self. Conclusion: The situation of being next-of-kin in end-of-life care is complex and demanding, something that health professionals should be aware of. Acknowledgement of experiences of guilt and shame can help the next-of-kin in their adaptation to the end-of-life situation as a whole and maybe also give useful tools to support next-of-kin during bereavement.
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Karlsson, Alexandra, and Sofie Senekovic. "Från känsla av kontroll till att famla i mörker : En litteraturstudie av närståendes upplevelser av delaktighet vid vård i livets slut." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6449.

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<p><p>Bakgrund: Att vara närstående åt någon som befinner sig livets slut är en stor påfrestning där delaktigheten blir central. Hur närstående upplever delaktigheten är beroende på hur information ges. Att vara delaktig innebär att ha en del i, att vara närvarande och medverka i vården av en annan person. Utifrån ett systemteoretiskt tänkande betraktas personer i sitt totala sammanhang där även de närstående hamnar i fokus. Syfte: Att belysa närståendes upplevelser av delaktighet i samband med vård i livets slutskede. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt baserade på vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades med en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Bygger på tre huvudkategorier; från att ha kontroll till att famla i mörker, att befinna sig i en svår livssituation och att kastas in i en ny roll. Delaktigheten yttrade sig i positiva och negativa känslor som närstående pendlade mellan. Andershed och Ternestedts förståelseram användes för att strukturera resultatet. Slutsats: Då närstående befinner sig i en besvärlig situation är det väsentligt att vårdpersonal ger utrymme, involverar och ser till närståendes individuella behov. Att byta roll med de närstående, ställa öppna frågor kan göra att de blir bekräfta och sedda vilket kan vara ett sätt att göra dem delaktiga på ett meningsfullt sätt.</p></p><br><p><p>Background: Being a relative to someone who is at the end of life is a big strain in which participation is a key. How relatives experience participation is dependent on how the information is given. Being involved means to be a part of, to be present and to participate in the care of another person. On the basis of systems theory people are considered in their total context, where relatives are also in focus. Aim: To describe relatives’ experiences of participation during end of life care. Method: The study was conducted as a literary review based on scientific articles that were analyzed with a content analysis. Results: Based on three main categories, from having the control to a grope in the dark, to be in a difficult situation of life and to being thrown into a new role. The participation of the relatives oscillated between positive and negative feelings. Andershed and Ternestedts framework was used to structure the results. Conclusion: When relatives are in a difficult life situation it is essential that health professionals give them space, involve them, and ensure their individual needs. Changing roles with relatives and asking open-ended questions can make relatives feel like participants who are confirmed and involved in a meaningful manner.</p></p>
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Kirby, Angela. "The conceptualisations of adjustment in patients with end stage renal failure, their carers/relatives and nursing staff." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31338.

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Adjustment to End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) has been the topic of a vast number of studies, however a clear picture of adjustment and the process of adjustment has yet to emerge. The purpose of this Grounded Theory study was to investigate the conceptualisations of adjustment of patients with ESRF. A sample of ten subjects with ESRF were interviewed, five of which had been receiving treatment for ESRF for six weeks and five for twelve months. In addition, six of the patients' partners/relatives and three home dialysis nursing staff, involved in their care, were also interviewed. The findings of this study indicated that they key process in adjustment was 'Taking on board a new approach to being and living'. This process involved participants accepting their illness at a cognitive and affective level, in addition to integrating illness into their identity. Four other processes subsumed under the above key process, namely, Getting back to life, Making adaptations to accommodate illness and treatment, Coping skills and Experiencing losses. These encapsulated the social, emotional, behavioural and cognitive facets of adjustment. Implications for theory, health care practice and future research are discussed.
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Pantzar, Lisa, and Karin Dahlin. "Min vän ska dö! : Lidande hos anhöriga till cancerpatienter i livets slutskede." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4797.

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<p>When someone becomes seriously ill from cancer their relatives experience a great suffering from observing the changes in their loved ones as a result of the disease. They felt that they did not receive the support and information they needed to process their difficult lives.It also emerged that the relatives didn’t think the nursing staff treated and saw the family as a whole. The purpose of the study was to describe the suffering of families, as they experienced that during the final stages of a cancer patient's life. An inductive, manifest, content analysis has been carried out in five autobiographies written by relatives of patients, who had died as a result of cancer. Biographies were reviewed by the Graneheim and Lundman's method of analysis. We used Katie Eriksson’s scientific theories of care regarding suffering as a theoretical framework. The result has collected material presented in three categories: fear, sadness, and frustration which mirrors the suffering of relatives in these books. The results showed that the relatives denied the disease's existence, experienced a fear of the disease symptoms, death, and a future without the patient. The relatives describe the grief that they felt about the prospect of being left alone, about the patient's deterioration, and of not being seen as individuals. Finally the relatives describe the frustration they feel over the panic, stress, fatigue and anger that they experience in the end of the patients life.</p><br><p>När någon blir svårt sjuk i cancer upplever dess anhöriga ett stort lidande över att se sin närmaste förändras till följd av sjukdomen. De upplevde att de inte fick det stöd och den information som de behövde för att hantera sin svåra livssituation. Det framkom också att anhöriga inte tyckte vårdpersonalen såg och vårdade familjen som en helhet. Syftet med examensarbetet var därför att beskriva anhörigas lidande så som de upplever det under den sista tiden av den cancersjuka patientens liv. En induktiv manifest innehållsanalys har genomförts på fem självbiografier skrivna av anhöriga till patienter som avlider till följd av cancer. Biografierna granskades med Graneheim och Lundmans analysmetod. Som teoretisk referensram används Erikssons vårdvetenskapliga teorier om lidande. I resultatet har insamlat material redovisats i tre kategorier; rädsla, sorg och frustration som speglar de anhörigas lidande i böckerna. Resultatet visar att de anhöriga förnekar sjukdomens existens och upplever en rädsla över sjukdomens symtom, döden och en framtid utan patienten. De anhöriga beskriver den sorg de upplever över att bli lämnade ensamma, över patientens försämring och över att inte bli sedda som individer. Slutligen beskriver anhöriga en frustration över den förtvivlan, panik, stress, trötthet och vrede som de upplever under sista tiden patienten finns i livet.</p>
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Dean-Haidet, Catherine Anne. "Thanatopoiesis: The Relational Matrix of Spiritual End-of-Life Care." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342453467.

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Wallerstedt, Birgitta. "Utmaningar, utsatthet och stöd i palliativ vård utanför specialistenheter." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-21411.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to study palliative end-of-life care outside specialist palliative care settings, from an organizational perspective and from professionals’ and relatives’ experiences. In Study I 174 individuals were identified retrospectively from nursing records and palliative care identification forms as being in a palliative phase. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytic statistical methods. In Study II a total of nine nurses working in primary home care, community care, and hospitals were interviewed. Phenomenological methodology was used to analyze data. In Study III 17 enrolled nurses, who worked in community or primary care and in a sitting service organization, participated in four focus group interviews. Data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. In Study IV seven relatives from four families were interviewed twice. They had each cared in the private home for a dying family member who had received sitting service. Direct interpretation and categorical aggregation were used to analyze data. The results highlight challenges in palliative care, vulnerable situations, and a need of support (I–IV). Individuals’ needs for both palliative care and sitting service were identified, including those of a smaller part of the population who actually received the sitting service. (I). Registered nurses’ responsibilities included care at the same time for individuals in both palliative and curative phases. This created vulnerable situations for the nurses, since their ambitions concerning the care did not correspond to available resources (II). The enrolled nurses’ task was to manage ongoing life and dying in different care settings, to meet individual needs and still provide equivalent care. Despite experiences of vulnerable situations, they felt safe (III). Relatives experienced care situations differently, related to differences in families, the illness trajectory, the need for support, and the support offered. Without sufficient support, vulnerable situations occurred, which made the relatives feel insecure (IV). Thus, care situations in palliative end-of-life care can be experienced in different ways, with different levels of vulnerability. One implication of the research might be to suggest that professional caregivers, to supplement the relatives’ own resources with support tailored to the individual’s and the family’s needs
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Byers, Dina Jo. "Predictors of african american women's perceived health status in the context of caring for a relative with end stage renal disease." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2008. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2008-011-Byers-index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008.<br>Title from title page screen (viewed on May 16, 2008 ). Research advisor: Mona N. Wicks, PhD. Document formatted into pages (vii, 87 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-73).
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KERORGANT, YVES, and OLIVIER ROZUEL. "Contribution a l'etude de la corrosion et de la relation epithelio-implantaire des implants endo-osseux en titane." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN1D021.

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McPherson, Christine Jane. "Evaluating end-of-life care : do berieved relatives provide accurate information on patients' experience of pain, anxiety and depression?" Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluating-endoflife-care--do-berieved-relatives-provide-accurate-information-on-patients-experience-of-pain-anxiety-and-depression(43b298e5-b0da-4daa-bd2b-4ea57c941c3d).html.

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Svensson, Pernilla. "In the final stages of life." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24223.

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Introduction: In order for us to create a society where we live good lives until death, we must dare to talk about the end of life. Relatives are an important part of the palliative care and it is important that they get support for managing the situation and their sorrow The Aim of this study was to investigate professionals’ dialogue with relatives of patients who are in palliative care. My chosen method was qualitative analysis through semistructured interviews with professionals’ in palliative care. To analyze the empirical data, I used the symbolic interactionism. Results show that body language, treatment and team collaboration are important and crucial aspects of the conversations between professionals and relatives. The study has confirmed that the different professions work on the same goal and have a similar approach to palliative care. In the conversation with relatives, it is important to speak truthfully, prepare and let the family's feelings and thoughts take place
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Eriksson, Samantha, and Caroline Hermansson. "I livets slutskede - Närståendes perspektiv : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35897.

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Bakgrund: Vård vid livets slutskede är ett område som ställer höga krav på vården, närstående och den sjuke. Sjuksköterskan har en betydande roll i bemötandet och omvårdnaden av den sjuke och närstående. Ofta ligger hälso- och sjukvårdens fokus på den som ska dö, men det är ofta lika viktigt att fokusera på de närstående.  Syfte: Att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av att en nära person befinner sig i livets slutskede. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ metod och induktiv ansats.  Resultat: Tre huvudteman framkom i resultatet; Viljan att vara nära, En förändrad vardag och Vårdens makt. Totalt framkom nio olika tillhörande subteman. Anpassningen till en ny vardag var krävande för närstående och det var viktigt att de fick vara nära och hjälpa den sjuke under den sista tiden. Vården hade en inverkan på närståendes upplevelser av situationen. Slutsats: Närståendes upplevelser varierade och som sjuksköterska kan det vara en fördel att få en uppfattning om vad närstående upplever när en nära person befinner sig i livets slutskede. Det så att sjuksköterskan ska kunna bemöta de närstående med respekt och förståelse.<br>Background: End-of-life care is a demanding area for relatives, the patient and the healthcare system, where a significant role is played by nurses.  They meet and care not only for the dying person, but also their relatives and friends.  Although the focus is primarily on the dying person, importantly palliative care also extends to this wider circle of related people.  Aim: To describe the experiences of relatives when a loved one is reaching the end of their life.  Method: A literature review employing a qualitative design and an inductive approach.  Results: Three themes developed during this analysis, comprising nine subthemes.  Primary themes were: "The desire to be close", "Adapting daily life" and "The power exerted by the healthcare system". Adapting to a new daily life was demanding for relatives and it was important that they could be close and help their loved ones in the end of their life. The health care had an impact on relatives’ perceptions of the situation. Conclusion: The perspectives and experiences of relatives within end-of-life care will vary greatly. These experiences may be used by nurses in order to provide the level of support, respect and empathy each individual needs.
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Eklöv, Sofie, and Madelen Nilsson. "Är Sveriges detaljhandelsmonopol av alkohol en enda stor relationsfråga? : En uppsats om relationen mellan Systembolaget och dess leverantörer." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18190.

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The Swedish alcohol market has for many years been in the hands of the government. The question of the monopoly, its being or not being, has for a long time engaged both Swedish citizens and politicians. Since joining the European Union it has also been on the European agenda, trying to adapt Sweden to the more liberal alcohol politic in Europe. The suppliers find themselves acting on a completely different market than a market based on free competition. The suppliers are faced with one retail channel to the stores which creates dependence and uneven power balance towards the retailer. In addition to this, their marketing activities are strictly limited due to the laws and claims. Corporate Social Responsibility is required goals given from the retailer upon the suppliers. The retailer is also set with strict term and rules from the government and has to gain the Swedish citizens approval in order to maintain their position as the only distribution channel. The supplier, primarily acting on the purpose of selling products and increasing the profit, differ from the retailer who mainly aim to limit and regulate the sales of alcohol. In this difficult market a relationship between the supplier and the distributor is being built up and nourished. The relationship in the supply chain is based on four factors; trust, cooperation, commitment and conflict. These different factors are shaping and affecting the relationship between the supplier and the retailer. The diverse aims of these two organizations, together with the regulations of the market and the dependency between each other, have an effect and shape the relationship. The analyses argue that equal goals can lead to an increased commitment between the supplier and retailer. Further on the members of the supply chains appear to use problem solving to resolve a conflict to be able to maintain good cooperation and increase trust in the relationship. The conclusion is that the retailer possesses the power in the relationship towards the supplier. All the relationship factors are important in this relationship but trust is required in order to obtain cooperation and commitment. Trust is also vital when it comes to solving a conflict.
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Fogelqvist, Eva, and Viktoria Olin. "Närståendes beskrivning av palliativ vård : -En studie av nöjdhet baserad på data från Svenska Palliativregistret." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38854.

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Woxblom, Lotta. "Warp of sawn timber of Norway spruce in relation to end-user requirements : quality, sawing pattern and economic aspects /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5860-9.pdf.

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Pagella, Saskia. "An evaluation of the physical and biochemical characteristics of green waste compost in relation to end use and quality." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534449.

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Claesson, Anna, Terése Hagström, and Vigerland Linnéa Rosensporre-. "En beskrivning av kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterska och närstående i palliativ vård : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4671.

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Bakgrund: När botande vård inte längre är möjligt krävs en klar och noga övervägd vård för att hjälpa både patient och närstående. Inom den palliativa vården ses döden som ett normalt skeende, och varken påskyndar eller skjuter upp döden. Vården ger individer stöd att leva med värdighet och bästa möjliga omvårdnaden i livets slutskede. I palliativ vård ses patienten och närstående som en helhet för att möjliggöra att de får den bästa möjliga vården. Syfte: Syftet är att utifrån ny forskning beskriva kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterska och närstående i palliativ vård. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som inkluderar både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Genom hela studien är hoppet en viktig aspekt, som diskuteras av både närstående och sjuksköterskor. Hoppet är viktigt för att hantera upplevelsen av död samt för att skapa en god relation mellan sjuksköterskor och närstående. En god relation kräver tid för samtal och förståelse. Resultatet presenteras i fem kategorier som tillsammans skapar en god helhetsbild av studien. Konklusion: Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan är medveten om värderingar som är viktiga för de närstående då de kommunicerar. Sjuksköterskan ska leda konversationen, men närstående ska ges tolkningsföreträde.<br>Background: When curing care is no longer possible it requires a personal and deliberate approach in care to help both patient and relatives. In palliative care death is seen as a normal process, palliative care neither speed up or postpone death. Palliative care support people to live with dignity and welfare in the end of life. In palliative care patient and relative is seen as a unit, to guarantee that they receive the best care possible. Aim: To describe communication among nurse and relative in palliative care. Method: A literature review that includes both qualitative and quantitative articles. Result: Through the study hope is a great aspect of importance, discussed by both relatives and nurses. Hope is an important factor to deal with experiences of death and to create a good relation between nurses and relatives. A good relation requires time for conversation and understanding. The result is present in five categories that explain aspects of importance in communication. Conclusion: It´s important that nurses is aware of relative’s values of importance when they communicate. A nurse is supposed to guide the conversation but relatives should be given priority of interpretation.
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Arfvidsson, Isaksson Josefin, and Zara Stiberg. "Emotionellt stöd inom palliativ slutenvård : närståendes erfarenheter." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18014.

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Bakgrund: I Sverige avlider varje år cirka 90.000-100.000 personer. Trettiofem till fyrtio procent av svårt sjuka avlider inne på sjukhus och 40–50% på någon form av hospice. Att vara närstående till någon som är svårt sjuk medför många emotionella svårigheter såsom oro, stress och ovisshet. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll då hen genom emotionellt stöd kan lindra onödigt lidande hos närstående.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva närståendes erfarenheter av emotionellt stöd från sjuksköterskan vid den sena palliativa fasen inom slutenvård samt beskriva skillnader mellan palliativ vård på sjukhus och specialiserad palliativ vård.Metod: Designen var en allmän litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning efter empiriska vetenskapliga artiklar.Resultat: Närståendes erfarenheter delades upp i sex olika kategorier: tydlig och ärlig information gav känsla av lättnad och trygghet, tillgängligheten till sjuksköterska gav känsla av närhet och minskad ensamhet, samtalet gav känsla av att vara sedd och betydelsefull, praktiskt stöd gav känsla av tacksamhet och att bli omhändertagen, egentid och tillgång till privat utrymme gav känsla av ro och bevarad integritet, skillnader mellan palliativ vård på sjukhus och specialiserad palliativ vård.Slutsats: Närståendes erfarenheter visade att sjuksköterskan gav emotionellt stöd då hen gav tydlig och ärlig information, fanns tillgänglig, samtalade med närstående, gav praktiskt stöd samt möjliggjorde egentid och privat utrymme för närstående. Det visade sig att på hospice och liknande palliativa vårdenheter var erfarenheterna övervägande positiva medan erfarenheterna från sjukhus var både positiva och negativa.
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Anna, Lillieqvist, and Fredriksson Sara Noppa. "Kommunikation i livets slutskede : En litteraturöversikt ur sjuksköterskans perspektiv av att kommunicera med patienter och närstående." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5210.

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Rasheed, Ali Suad. "Economics Of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration In A Mature Oil Field." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610177/index.pdf.

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To meet the goal of atmospheric stabilization of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels a technological transformation should occur in the energy sector. One strategy to achieve this is carbon sequestration. Carbon dioxide can be captured from industrial sources and sequestered underground into depleted oil and gas reservoirs. CO2 injected into geological formations, such as mature oil reservoirs can be effectively trapped by hydrodynamical (structural), solution, residual (capillary) and mineral trapping methods. In this work, a case study was conducted using CMG-STARS software for CO2 sequestration in a mature oil field. History matching was done with the available production, bottom hole pressures and water cut data to compare the results obtained from the simulator with the field data. Next, previously developed optimization methods were modified and used for the case of study. The main object of the optimization was to determine the optimal location, number of injection wells, injection rate, injection depth and pressure of wells to maximize the total trapped amount of CO2 while enhancing the amount of oil recovered. A second round of simulations was carried out to study the factors that affect the total oil recovery and CO2 &not<br>storage amount. These include relative permeability end points effect, hysteresis effect, fracture spacing and additives of simultaneous injection of carbon dioxide with CO and H2S. Optimization runs were carried out on a mildly heterogeneous 3D model for variety of cases. When compared with the base case, the optimized case led to an increase of 20% in the amount of oil that is recovered<br>and more than 95% of the injected CO2 was trapped as solution gas on and as an immobile gas. Finally, an investigation of the economical feasibility was accomplished. NPV values for various cases were obtained, selected and studied yielding in a number of cases that are found to be applicable for the field of concern.
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Hölscher, Victoria, and Xenia Levenko. "Anhörigas upplevelser av andligt stöd : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48003.

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Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar att andligt stöd är viktigt, men att sjuksköterskor inte alltid uppmärksammar det i sitt arbete. Detta kan bero på tidsbrist eller brist på kunskap och utbildning inom det. Syfte: Att belysa andlighet och andligt stöd för anhöriga till personer som vårdas vid palliativ vård. Metod: Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Analysmetoden som användes var ett beskrivande syntes. Det användes tio vårdvetenskapliga artiklar som datamaterial. Resultat: I resultatet framstod två teman varav fem subteman identifierades. Första temat var: Att låta tron ta plats där identifierades två subteman: Att ha tro som en trygghet och att utöva bön och religiösa ritualer. Det andra temat var: Betydelsen av att bli mött i sin troutifrån detta tema identifierades tre subteman: Att sträva efter att få andligt stöd, att få stöd av en sjuksköterska och att få stöd av en präst eller en andlig person. Slutsats: Slutsatsen som drogs var att andligt stöd är viktigt för anhöriga och att den kan fås i två olika former, av individen själv eller med hjälp av en präst eller sjuksköterska. Det kan framstå en implikation att sjuksköterskor lägger mycket fokus på andligt stöd för anhöriga men att patienters andliga behov glöms bort.<br>Background: Previous research showed that spiritual support is important, yet nurses do not pay much attention to this practice. This may be because of the lack of time, knowledge and training within it. Aims: To illustrate the importance of spirituality and spiritual support for relatives to people who are cared for in palliative care. Methods: The method that was used was a qualitative literature study. The analysis that was used was a descriptive synthesis. There were ten care science articles used as data material. Results: In the results there were two themes and five sub themes identified. The first theme was: To allow their faith to take place where of two subthemes were identified: To have faith as a feeling of safety and to practice prayer and religious rituals. The second theme was: The importance of being met in their faith. From this theme three sub themes were identified: To strive for spiritual support, to get support from a nurse and to get support from a priest or a spiritual person. Conclusions: The conclusion that could be drawn was that spiritual support is important to relatives and could be given in two different forms. It could either be given by the individual himself, or by a professional. There may arise an implication that nurses pay more attention to the spiritual support for relatives but forget about the patient’s spiritual needs.
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Giol, Franck. "Politiques et idéaux éducatifs de l’Ecole québécoise et française (1963-2004) : Evolutions et enjeux des discours relatifs aux valeurs et aux finalités de l’éducation scolaire du rapport Parent au rapport Thélot." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20069/document.

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Les mutations qui affectent l’éducation scolaire des sociétés occidentales de l’après Deuxième Guerre mondiale peuvent être lues comme la marque d’une décomposition de la modernité, décomposition considérée par certains auteurs comme l’un des traits les plus saillants de la postmodernité. A ce titre, elles ne peuvent manquer d’affecter les idéaux éducatifs, et plus particulièrement les valeurs et les finalités dont l’Ecole contemporaine se trouve investie.La fin du récit de l’émancipation par le savoir, le changement permanent et l’incertitude généralisée qui caractérisent notre époque étant en effet difficilement contestables, il revient à la réflexion philosophique contemporaine de chercher à déceler quelles sont, et quelles peuvent être, les recompositions des idéaux éducatifs dans le cadre d’un monde marqué du sceau de la complexité et de l’incertitude.Toutefois, si la postmodernité peut en un sens être considérée comme le point d’aboutissement d’un double processus de décomposition et de sécularisation du système de valeurs modernes que l’éducation scolaire était précisément censée incarner et promouvoir, elle n’en demeure pas moins une notion encore très diversement appréciée, selon que l’on se situe sur une rive ou l’autre de l’Atlantique. Centrale, voire pléthorique dans la problématique éducative du monde anglo-saxon, et dans une moindre mesure de l’aire québécoise, elle demeure relativement discrète en France. Une interrogation philosophique et historique des enjeux et des implications de la postmodernité eu égard aux idéaux éducatifs doit prendre en considération cette différence qui ne saurait être sans signification.Ainsi ne s’agira-t-il pas tant de développer une lecture strictement comparative des interprétations de la postmodernité, que de viser à une mise en lumière des problématiques transversales que cette notion engage sur le plan historico-philosophique et politico-éducatif à partir d’une analyse d’un corpus textes constitué de rapports rendus publics en France et au Québec des années 1960 au milieu des années 2000<br>Changes affecting occidental societies’ scholar education since de Second World War can be interpreted as modernity disintegration, itself read by several authors as a postmodernity highest expression. In that respect, changes inevitably affect educational ideals, and particularly contemporary School values and ends.In front of the end of emancipation by knowledge speech, perpetual change and general uncertainness which characterize our times, the contemporary philosophical thought has to understand which are, and can be, re-compositions of the educational ideals in our complex and uncertain world.However, if postmodernity can be considered as the result of a double process of scholar values disintegration and secularization, it stays a differently received notion in Europe and North America. In a central position on Anglo-Saxon’s educational questions, and to a lesser extent in Quebec, it stays quite understated in France. Philosophical and historical thought about stakes and involvements of postmodernity regarding educational ideals have to consider this difference which is necessarily meaningful.So, this thesis will not develop a purely comparative interpretation of postmodernity, but will draw attention to questions involved by postmodernity on historical, philosophical and politico-educational ways, based on Quebec and French public reports published from the 1960’s to the middle of the 2000’s
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Tång, Anna-Maria. "Anhörigas upplevelser av vård i livets slutskede på särskilt boende : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27864.

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Syfte : Syfte med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av vården i livets slutskede på särskilt boende. Metod: Litteraturstudien bygger på femton stycken vetenskapliga artiklar som har analyserats och granskats med hjälp av analysmetod enligt Evans (2002). Litteraturstudien genomfördes under våren 2018. Resultat : Dataanalysen av de vetenskapliga artiklarna resulterade i fyra stycken kategorier; Känsla av börda, Önskan att bli sedd, Behov av delaktighet och Behov av stöd. Majoriteten av resultatet baserades på artiklar från Europa. Slutsatser : Mer kunskap krävs när det gäller anhörigas upplevelser av vård i livet slutskede och hur sjuksköterskan kan bemöta anhöriga i detta. De 6 S:n kan vara ett verktyg som kan bidra till planeringen och på så sätt få anhöriga mer delaktiga vilket kan förbättra vården för patienten.<br>Purpose: The purpose of this literature study was to describe the relatives experience of care in the final stages of life in nursing homes. Method : A literature study that included fifteen scientific articles. Method of analysis according to Evans (2002) were used. The study was conducted during the spring of 2018. Results: Data analysis resulted in 4 categories; Feeling of burden, Desire to be seen, Need for participation and Need for support. The majority of the results were based on articles from Europe. Conclusions: More knowledge is required regarding relatives' perceptions of care in the final stages of life. The 6 S can be a tool that can contribute to planning, thus increasing the number of relatives who can participate and it that way improve the care of the patient.
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Carlsson, Linn. "Distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av bedömningar gällande symtomlindring i livets slutskede : En kvantitativ enkätstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-102378.

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Bakgrund: Palliativ vård omfattar förutom symtomlindring även ett teamarbete där distriktssköterskans kommunikation med patienten och närstående har stor betydelse. God palliativ vård i livets slutskede uppnås när patient och närstående känner trygghet och förtroende för distriktssköterskan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av situationer där närståendes bedömning av patientens symtomlindring i livets slutskede skiljer sig från den egna bedömningen. Metod: Studien var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie i form av en webbenkät med deskriptiv ansats. Webbenkäten skickades till 198 distriktssköterskor och sjuksköterskor inom hemsjukvården i södra Sverige och besvarades av totalt 93. Deskriptiva analyser gjordes där frekvenser för samtliga frågor beräknades för att se fördelningen mellan de olika svarsalternativen. Slutligen gjordes sambandsanalyser genom korstabeller med chi2-test för att testa om det fanns ett signifikant samband mellan två variabler. Resultat: Resultatet indikerade att distriktssköterskor påverkas av närstående vid bedömningarna gällande symtomlindrande läkemedel för patienter i livets slutskede. Resultatet indikerade även att distriktssköterskor som inte har utbildning inom palliativ vård var mer benägna att ge symtomlindrande läkemedel till patienten för att stilla närståendes oro. Detta samband blev dock inte statistiskt säkerställt, även att det var nära signifikansnivån. Slutsats: Studiens resultat tyder på att distriktssköterskors och närståendes bedömning skiljer sig åt, gällande symtomlindrande läkemedel för patienter i livets slutskede. Resultatet tyder även på att distriktssköterskor som inte har utbildning inom palliativ vård kan vara mer benägna att ge symtomlindrande läkemedel till patienten för att stilla närståendes oro. Det visar även att distriktssköterskor kan vara i behov av ökad kunskap inom palliativ vård för att kunna ge patienten god vård i samspelet med närstående.
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Lövgren, Suvanto Frida. "Att bemöta anhöriga till patienter i livets slutskede : En systematisk litteraturstudie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53338.

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Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor möter dagligen anhöriga till patienter i livets slutskede. Bemötandet är centralt i omvårdnaden och påverkar vårdupplevelsen. Varje person ska bemötas som en individ vilket kan vara utmanande. Eftersom sjuksköterskor ses som omvårdnadsexperter är det väsentligt att lyfta sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att bemöta anhöriga. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bemöta anhöriga till patienter i livets slutskede. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes och analys utifrån kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Två teman. I temat Skapandet av en god relation hittades subteman: ”Att erbjuda stöd och involvering i vårdandet” samt ”Att ha en god kommunikation”. Finnas som psykologiskt stöd, att se varje individ och förbereda anhöriga för dödsfallet belystes. Kommunikation beskrevs central. Bristande kommunikation kunde leda till obehagliga situationer. I temat Professionella utmaningar framkom subteman: ”Att involveras känslomässigt” samt ”Att känna sig otillräcklig”. Det var psykiskt påfrestande att vårda palliativt, erfarenheten ledde till personlig och professionell utveckling. Sjuksköterskorna uttryckte utmaning att hantera sörjande anhöriga och behov av utbildning. Slutsats: Anhöriga involverades i vården och sjuksköterskorna belyste vikten av pålitlighet och kommunikation. Sjuksköterskorna blev ibland konfliktlösare. Maktlöshet, frustration och sorg beskrevs men att vårda palliativt var ett privilegium.<br>Background: Nurses meet relatives of patients in end-of-life care daily. The treatment’s central to nursing and affects the care-experience. Each person must be treated as an individual, which can be challenging. Since nurses are nursing experts, it’s essential to highlight nurses’ experience with relatives. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of treating relatives of patients in end-of-life care. Method: A systematic literature study with a descriptive data synthesis. Result: The theme Creating a good relationship, found two sub-themes: “Offering support and involvement in care” and “The importance of communication”. Being a psychological support, seeing every individual and preparing relatives for the coming death was highlighted. Communication was described centrally as lack of communication could lead to unpleasant situations. The theme Professional challenges emerged two sub-themes: “Being emotionally involved” and “Feeling inadequate”. It was psychologically stressful to work in palliative care, but the experience led to personal and professional development. It was challenging to handle grieving relatives and nurses needed further education. Conclusion: The nurses involved relatives in the care and highlighted the importance of reliability and straightforward communication. Powerlessness, frustration and grief was described but also a privilege to provide palliative care.
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Johnsson, Frida, and Sofie Mäki. "Bry er om oss : En litteraturstudie om hur familjer i vård i livets slutskede vill bli bemötta av vårdpersonal." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9057.

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Bakgrund: Det finns brister i sjukvårdsystemet inom palliativ vård. En anledning är att vårdpersonalen saknar tillräcklig utbildning. Den palliativa vården kan ses som ett lotteri – där nitlotten är att få vårdas i slutet av sitt liv av någon som endast har några timmars utbildning. Familjer kan uppleva livets slut som den mest smärtsamma fasen. Det är av betydelse att vårdpersonalen identifierar när patienten går in i fasen, vård i livets slut. Familjerna är i en utsatt situation, är sårbara och upplever brist på stöd och förståelse från vårdpersonalen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur familjer i vård i livets slutskede vill bli bemötta av vårdpersonal. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie baserad på aktuell kvalitativ forskning inom ämnet. Resultat: Data genomsyrades av att vårdpersonalen skulle bry sig om familjerna. Familjer ville att vårdpersonalen skulle se dem som unika individer och inte bli lämnade utanför. Det var viktigt att de blev tagna på allvar och blev förberedda på slutet. Familjer ville att vårdpersonalen skulle kunna visa känslor och skapa en personlig relation med dem. Slutsats: Trots att familjer i vård i livets slut inte förväntar sig mycket av vårdpersonalen så är det betydelsefullt för dem om vårdpersonalen bryr sig om dem.<br>Background: There are deficiencies in the healthcare system regarding palliative care. A reason is that healthcarers lack of education. The palliative care can be seen as a lottery - the blank is to be treated by someone with only a few hours education. Families can experience end of life as the most distressing stage. It is therefore important that healthcarers identify when the patient enter the end of life stage. These families are exposed, vulnerable and other experience lack of support and understanding from the healthcarers. Aim: The aim was to describe how the families would like to be treated by the healthcarers. Methods: The study is a literature review based on qualitative articles from current research. Results: The major finding was that healthcarers should care for the families. The families needed to be seen as unique individuals and not to be left behind. It was important to be taken seriously and to be prepared for the end of life. The families wanted that the healthcarers were able to show emotions and create a personal relation to them. Conclusion: Despite that the families in the end of life stage does not expect much from the heatlhcarers it is significant for the families if the healthcarers care about them.
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Johansson, Emelie. "”Det enda sättet att stoppa våldet är att jobba med den som utövar våld” : Yrkesverksammas syn på arbetet med män som utövar våld i nära relation." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Social Work, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19773.

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King, Kristen Anne. "How does emotion regulation of Head Start preschoolers relate to academic competence at the end of kindergarten? evidence from longitudinal models /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 58 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1992442091&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lupant, Chrystel. "Étude iconographique d'une relation : Saints, disciples et compagnons (XIe-fin du XVe siècle)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10150.

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Les liens entre le saint, son disciple ou son compagnon s’observent dans l’iconographie par la mise en scène d’une relation privilégiée. Fondée sur l’analyse d’un corpus d’œuvres produites entre le XIe et la fin du XVe siècle, majoritairement en France et en Italie, l’étude a la volonté de déterminer comment se sont exprimés les liens dans la filiation et la parenté spirituelle, construite autour d’une relation unissant les saints (grands saints de la chrétienté comme ceux honorés localement), à leurs disciples ou compagnons privilégiés. Depuis la naissance de la relation jusqu’à son aboutissement, elle détermine les fonctions respectives des personnages à la lumière de leur élection, de leurs actions et de leurs comportements. L’analyse s’interroge également sur la finalité du « discipulat » ou du compagnonnage et sur la représentation de la dimension affective entre les personnages. Rappelant le modèle christique et apostolique, la représentation de la relation est un thème distinct, dont l’analyse révèle l’importance d’un genre de parenté spirituelle souvent oublié<br>The links between the saint, his disciple or his companion can be observed in the iconography by the representation of a privileged relation. Based on the analysis of a corpus of works produced between the 11th and the end of the 15th century, mainly produced in France and Italy, the study will determine how the links in the filiation and the spiritual relationship (built on a relation uniting Major saints of the Christendom, as to those honored locally, to their privileged disciples or companions) were expressed. Since the origin of the relation until outcome, the analysis determines the respective functions of the characters through the lens of their election, their actions and their behavior. The analysis also wonders about the purpose of the disciple-or companionship and about the representation of the emotional dimension between protagonists. Reminding the Christ and apostolic model, the representation of the relation is a different theme, which reveals the importance of a spiritual relationship often forgotten
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Guimarães, Robson Franco. "OS ÚLTIMOS DIAS: CRENÇAS, SENTIMENTOS E REPRESENTAÇÕES DOS PENTECOSTAIS DA IGREJA ASSEMBLÉIA DE DEUS EM BELO HORIZONTE RELATIVOS AO IMAGINÁRIO DO FIM DOS TEMPOS." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2004. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/407.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abstract.pdf: 7400 bytes, checksum: 36ed188a7e60b85b72107ac427523338 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-18<br>O pentecostalismo brasileiro, em suas diferentes expressões, vem sendo intensamente investigado, por diferentes pesquisadores, devido ao seu expressivo crescimento no número de adeptos e à sua visibilidade em diferentes áreas. Tem sido demonstrado tanto seus aspectos positivos quanto suas incoerências, tanto sua dinâmica interna quanto seu relacionamento com a sociedade em geral, através de análises profundas e esclarecedoras. Porém, sobre a relação entre pentecostalismo e escatologia, somente tem sido apontada, indiretamente, sua importância nas origens do movimento pentecostal. Esta investigação buscou compreender a mentalidade dos pentecostais da Assembléia de Deus de Belo Horizonte (MG) relacionada à escatologia, nas três últimas décadas do século passado, por intermédio da análise de suas crenças apocalípticas e dos sentimentos e representações ligadas ao imaginário da suposta iminente volta de Cristo. Foram pesquisados depoimentos orais e fontes escritas.(AU)
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Gill, Katja, and Borg Nina Wilhelmsson. "Viljan att ge ett värdigt slut : En intervjustudie baserad på intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-93527.

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Bakgrund: Intensivvården är en högteknologisk miljö och är utformad för att kunna rädda liv. Trots det avlider omkring 3–4000 patienter årligen på intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige, vilket har föranlett till att vård i livets slutskede börjat uppmärksammas inom intensivvården. När beslut tagits om att avbryta livsuppehållande behandling blir omvårdnaden det centrala i vårdandet, och målet är att skapa bästa möjliga livskvalitet för patienten och de närstående samt ett värdigt avslut.  Syfte: Att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Insamlat datamaterial analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Resultatet utgörs av tre kategorier; att övergå till vård i livets slutskede, att vårda till livets slut och att främja ett patientsäkert vårdande. Dessa kategorier återger intensivvårdssjuksköterskornas upplevelser av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede, och resultatet visar tydligt att det finns en vilja att skapa ett värdigt slut för patienten och de närstående.  Slutsats: Det finns en enighet i att det är viktigt att känna sig säker och kompetent i sin yrkesroll för att kunna ge god och värdig vård i livets slutskede. Det föreligger ett behov av utbildning, tydliga rutiner och konkreta riktlinjer som skulle kunna öka patientsäkerheten och säkerställa en god vårdkvalitet. Fortsatt forskning kring vård i livets slutskede inom intensivvård skulle dessutom ytterligare kunna utveckla och förbättra vården samt stärka intensivvårdssjuksköterskans professionella roll.<br>Background: The intensive care unit is a high-technological environment and designed to save lives, despite this about 3–4000 patients die annually in intensive care units in Sweden, which have led to the attention of end-of-life care in intensive care. When a decision is made to withdraw life-sustaining treatment, nursing becomes central and the goal is to create a good quality of life for the patients and the relatives and a dignified end of life.  Aim: To highlight intensive care nurses’ experiences of providing end-of-life care. Method: A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews with ten intensive care nurses was used to conduct the study. Collected data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results: The result consists of three categories; the transition to end-of-life care, to care to the end-of-life and to promote patient-safe care. These categories reflects the experiences of providing end-of-life care among intensive care nurses, and the results clearly demonstrates that there was a common will to create a dignified end-of-life for the patient and the relatives. Conclusion: There is a consensus among the intensive care nurses that it is important to feel secure and competent in the professional role in order to provide good and dignified end-of-life care. Furthermore, there is a need for education, clear routines and concrete guidelines that could increase patient safety and ensure a good quality of care. In addition, further research on end-of-life care in the intensive care unit is necessary, and could improve care and strengthen the professional role of the intensive care nurse.
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Vestling, Sara, and Lisa Isaksson. "Intensivvårdssjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede : En intervjustudie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-115814.

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Syfte. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede. Bakgrund. På intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige avlider 3-4000 patienter per år vilket föranleder att palliativ vård har börjat uppmärksammas inom intensivvården. Målet med vård i livets slutskede är att skapa bästa möjliga livskvalité för patient och anhöriga där sjuksköterskan med sin helhetssyn har en central roll. Design. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Metod. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes under hösten 2015 med elva intensivvårdssjuksköterskor på fem olika intensivvårdsavdelningar i tre olika landsting i Norrland. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och lästes igenom noggrant. Därefter analyserades materialet med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat. Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede illustrerades genom deras möjligheter att påverka beslut för god vård, vilket beskrevs som att känna delaktighet i besluten om vårdnivå. De såg sig som en resurs för anhöriga i svåra situationer då de inbringade trygghet, såg deras behov av information samt hjälpte dem att hitta fokus. För att sjuksköterskorna skulle samla kraft framkom vikten av ett ärligt och öppet arbetsklimat, samt möjligheter till debriefing. Genom att ge god omvårdnad i livets slutskede kunde sjuksköterskorna hjälpa patienterna få en god och värdig död. Slutsats. Sjuksköterskorna använde sig av olika kommunikativa färdigheter för att bygga upp en relation med patient och anhöriga. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att många etiska problem uppstod i samband med besluttagande om vårdnivå, speciellt där oenighet fanns inom vårdteamet. De saknade specifik fortbildning och tydliga riktlinjer och det visade sig att sjuksköterskorna lärde sig ge vård i livets slutskede genom egna erfarenheter och av erfarna kollegor.<br>Purpose. Intensive care nurses experiences of providing end-of-life care. Background. At intensive care units in Sweden 3-4000 patients die every year, which causes palliative care to emerge in intensive care. The goal of the end-of-life care is to provide the best possible quality of life for the patient and it’s family, where the nurse with a holistic approach play a central part. Design. Qualitative content analysis. Method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the autumn of 2015 with eleven critical care nurses in five ICUs in three counties in northern Sweden. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and read carefully. The material was analysed using a content analysis. Results. Nurses' experiences of providing end-of-life care was illustrated by their ability to influence decisions for good care, which was descibed as a feeling of beeing involved in decisions about care level. They looked at themselves as a resource for families in difficult situations and conveyed a feeling of confort which could help the families to find focus and see the need for information. The nurses gathered strength by having an honest and open work environment, and opportunities for debriefing. By providing good care at the end-of-life the nurses were able to help patients recive a good and dignified death. Conclusion. The nurses used different communication skills to build a relationship with the patients and their families. The nurses felt that many ethical problems arose from decisions about the level of care, especially where disagreement existed within the care team. They lacked specific training and clear guidelines and it turned out that the nurses learned palliative care through their own experiences and by experienced colleagues.
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Roos, Sarah, and Izabell Söderström. "Att ha möjlighet till att leva in i döden på vård- och omsorgsboende : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1577.

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Bakgrund: Den äldre populationen ökar och många av de äldre lider av flera olika sjukdomar. Därmed ökar behovet av professionell och god omvårdnad. Den äldre människan som ofta lider av flera sjukdomar bor vanligtvis sista tiden av sitt liv på vård- och omsorgsboende. Äldre människor vårdas inte utifrån ett palliativt perspektiv trots att behov föreligger. Palliativ vård kopplas ofta ihop med människor som är under 65 år och har en obotlig sjukdom exempelvis cancer. Syfte: Att belysa hur den äldre människan vårdas i livets slut på vård- och omsorgsboende, ur de äldres, de närståendes och vårdpersonalens perspektiv. Metod: En litteraturstudie inspirerad av Friberg (2006). Tio kvalitativa artiklar och en kvantitativ artikel har analyserats och strukturerats utifrån den teoretiska referensramen. Teoretisk referensram: Den palliativa vårdens fyra hörnstenar; Symtomkontroll, teamarbete, kommunikation/delaktighet och närståendestöd. Resultat: Samtliga områden visade på stora brister i omvårdnaden om den äldre personen. Sjuksköterskan var ofta ensam i beslutet angående symtomlindring. De äldre kände sig i vägen och till besvär. Vårdpersonalen önskade mer handledning av sjuksköterskan. Närstående saknade information och delaktighet i beslut som rörde livsuppehållande åtgärder. Diskussion: Kunskap, information och kommunikationsbrist har visat sig leda till bristande omvårdnad kring den äldre personen på vård- och omsorgsboenden. Tydligare riktlinjer, samtal och en sammanhållen arbetsgrupp behövs för att kunna möta den äldre personens individuella behov.<br>Background: The population of elderly people is increasing and many of those suffer from multiple illnesses, thereby the need for professional and high quality care increases. The elderly suffering from multiple illnesses usually live their final years in nursing homes, and are not cared for throw a palliative approach, despite the need for it. Palliative care is often associated with people younger than 65 years and with an incurable disease, such as cancer.  Aim: To illustrate how elderly people are cared for during end- of- life in nursing homes, from the elderly, next of kin and nursing staff perspective. Method: A literature review inspired by Friberg (2006). Ten qualitative articles and one quantitative article have been analyzed and structured using the theoretical framework. Theoretical framework: The corner stones of palliative care; symptom control, teamwork, communication / involvement and support to next of kin. Result: All areas were lacking in the care of the elderly. The nurse was often alone in the decision making process regarding symptom relief for the elderly. The elderly felt that they were in nuisance and in the way for the staff. The caring staff wanted more guidance from the registered nurse. Next of kin were missing information and participation in decision making process concerning life prolonging measures. Discussion: Lack of knowledge, information and communication are shown and was leading to inadequate caring for the elderly in nursing homes. Clearer guidelines, dialogue, and a good teamwork are needed to meet the older person's individual needs.
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Oskarsson, Linnéa, and Jenny Rossi. "”They had hope, and we clung to it” : Närståendes upplevelser av vård i livets slut på en intensivvårdsavdelning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-102105.

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Bakgrund: En intensivvårdsavdelning vårdar de allra sjukaste patienterna, som på grund av sjukdomens svårighetsgrad inte kan vårdas på en vårdavdelning. Den avancerade och högteknologiska miljön är för många människor främmande och skrämmande och kan i kombination med att behöva bekanta sig med tanken på att patienten kan avlida kan upplevas påfrestande för närstående. Med närstående menas de personer som patienten uppger som sina närmaste. I Sverige tillämpas nationellt vårdprogram utvecklat av Socialstyrelsen, där närståendestöd utgör en viktig del.  I och med covid19-pandemin har ett behov uppstått att vårda i livets slut, särskilt inom intensivvård där många svårt sjuka i Covid-19 vårdas. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan ska kunna bemöta sorg, ge stöd samt delge närstående information om vård i livets slut. Syfte: Att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av vård i livets slut på en intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. Den insamlade datan har analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studiens resultat genererade fyra kategorier: Kommunikation, Viljan att få vara delaktig, Att få rätt stöd i en svår situation samt En vårdmiljö som påverkar. Slutsats: Närståendes upplevelser av vård i livets slut handlar om den högteknologiska miljön som deras närstående vårdas i, men också om kommunikation och stöd från vårdpersonal samt sin egen delaktighet. Närstående önskar tydlig och ärlig kommunikation, erbjudas att vara delaktiga i beslut och omvårdnad, förstå den högteknologiska miljön samt erbjudas stöttning både andligt och emotionellt.<br>Background: An intensive care unit cares for the most ill patients, who due to the severity of the disease cannot be cared for in a regular hospital ward. The advanced and high-tech environment is foreign and sometimes frightening to many people and in combination with getting aware of the fact that the patient may die can be experienced as stressful for the next of kin. By next of kin means the persons whom the patient states as their nearest and dearest. In Sweden, a national care program developed by the National Board of Health and Welfare is applied, where support for the next of kin is an important part. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, a need to provide care at the end-of-life has increased, especially in intensive care units where many seriously ill people in Covid-19 are cared for. The intensive care nurse must be able to respond to grief, provide support and provide next of kin with information about care at the end of life. Aim: To describe next of kin’s experiences of end-of-life care in an intensive care unit.  Method: Systematic literature review with an inductive approach. The collected data of this study has been analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: This study generated four categories: Communication, willingly to participate, To get support in a demanding situation and A caring environment that effects. Conclusion: Relatives' experiences of end-of-life care are about the high-tech environment in which their relatives are cared for, but also about communication, support from caring staff and family members own participation. Relatives want clear and honest communication. Family members wants to be offered to be involved in decisions and care, understand the high-tech environment and are offered support both spiritually and emotionally.
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Drungaite, Akvile, and Christine Larsson. "Livets Brytpunkt : Intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelser av när vården övergår från kurativ behandling till palliativ vård." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67271.

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Introduktion: På en intensivvårdsavdelning vårdas patienter med livshotande tillstånd med hopp om förbättring i en högteknologisk miljö. Trots detta avlider det cirka 10% av intensivvårdspatienter årligen i Sverige. De livsuppehållande behandlingar som ges är ofta invasiva och smärtsamma. Insikten om att den livsuppehållande behandlingen inte alltid gynnar patienten, har ökat bland vårdpersonalen på intensivvårdsavdelningar. Detta leder även till att beslut om att avbryta den kurativa behandlingen och övergå till palliativ vård har ökat. Detta medför att intensivvårdssjuksköterskan kommer ofta i kontakt med vård av palliativa patienter i sin profession.  Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av vårdtillfällen inom intensivvård när kurativ behandling inte påbörjas, eller avslutas och övergår till palliativ vård. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med deskriptiv design användes för att genomföra studien. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom semistrukturerade öppna intervjuer. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera datan. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i ett tema en vilja att lindra lidande för både patient och närstående och fyra kategorier: IVA-sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda döende patienter, IVA sjuksköterskans delaktighet i beslut, IVA-sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att involvera närstående i beslutsfattandet, samt IVA-sjuksköterskans upplevelse av frustration över beslutsprocess. Konklusion: Intensivvårdssjuksköterskor upplevde inte det som känslomässigt påfrestande att vårda palliativa patienter men upplevde istället att processen fram till att beslutet att övergå från kurativ behandling till palliativ vård var frustrerande. Kommunikation angavs som en nyckelfaktor under hela beslutsprocessen. Detta gällde både kommunikationen inom vårdlaget och kommunikationen med närstående.<br>Introduction: Patients with a life-threatening illness are admitted to the ICU with hope of recovery. ICU patients receive advanced life-saving treatment in a high technological environment. About 10% of ICU patients die regardless of the invasive and sometimes painful treatment received. Health care professionals have however gained insight that the life-saving treatment patients receive can sometimes be futile. This has even lead to an increase of ending curative treatment in ICU patients hence starting end-of-life care. This means that the ICU nurses often experience giving end-of-life care to ICU patients in their profession. Aim: The aim was to study ICU nurses’ experiences of withholding or withdrawing curative treatment and the transition to end-of-life care. Method: A qualitative method with a descriptive design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected using semi-structured, open interviews, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis of data resulted in a theme: an intention to alleviate the patient’s and relatives’ suffering, and four categories: ICU nurses’ experiences of caring for the dying ICU patient, ICU nurses’ experiences of being involved in the decision-making process, ICU nurses’ experiences of involving the relatives in the decision-making process, and ICU nurses’ feelings of frustration over the decision-making process. Conclusion: The ICU nurses did not experience emotional distress due to providing end-of-life care to ICU patients. However, the process of transition from curative treatment to end-of-life care was frustrating for ICU nurses. Communication, both within the health-care team and between the ICU nurses and the relatives, was a key factor during the entire decision-making process.
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Canty, Rachel. "The representation of gender in Chaucer's Legend of Good Women and Gower's Confessio Amantis and its relation to cultural anxieties in England at the end of the fourteenth century." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390126.

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Huillard, Olivier. "Étude de la relation entre principe d'autonomie, objectif thérapeutique, et obstination déraisonnable en cancérologie : enjeux liés au discours médical et perspectives thérapeutiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB207/document.

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La relation médecin-malade a évolué au cours des dernières décennies vers un rôle croissant du patient dans les décisions médicales. Dans le domaine de la fin de vie, deux lois en dix ans sont venues renforcer l'autonomie des malades. L'accroissement des capacités et des pouvoirs de la médecine a conduit à créer des situations inédites. Dans certaines de ces situations, l'ensemble des possibilités médicales sont déployées pour une prolongation artificielle de la vie, sans que le bénéfice pour le patient ne soit clair alors que les nuisances peuvent être insoutenables. On parle alors d'obstination déraisonnable ou d'acharnement thérapeutique. Cette évolution globale de la médecine se retrouve pour les traitements médicaux des cancers. L'évolution récente des thérapeutiques médicales a été considérable faisant naître puis croître une forte demande de prolongation de vie et de guérison chez les patients. Pourtant, la plupart des cancers en situation métastatique demeurent incurables et sont fréquemment mortels. Le parcours du malade incurable en cancérologie, du diagnostic à la fin de vie, va comporter de nombreuses décisions pour lesquelles différents arguments peuvent être mis en balance. La prise de décision dans ce contexte est souvent complexe et difficile. Des études internationales montrent un niveau élevé de soins agressifs en fin de vie et ce phénomène s'amplifie au cours des dernières années. Le contraste est saisissant entre d'un côté la demande de la société civile se traduisant par les évolutions législatives récentes renforçant les droits des malades en fin de vie, et de l'autre côté le haut niveau d'agressivité dans le soin en fin de vie ainsi que son augmentation. Ce contraste témoigne d'une tension persistante dans le processus décisionnel, y compris en fin de vie. Cette tension est particulièrement forte en cancérologie où les décisions médicales en fin de vie sont nombreuses. Cette thèse, dans le cadre d'une démarche éthique, explicite le cadre du soin et les spécificités de la cancérologie puis cherche à définir et à caractériser l'obstination déraisonnable en cancérologie. Les études réalisées proposent des moyens de lutter contre l'obstination déraisonnable. D'abord en renforçant la place du patient dans les décisions en fin de vie dans le cadre de discussions anticipées. Puis en limitant le risque d'erreur dans le processus décisionnel du cancérologue grâce à une médecine intégrée. Enfin, une action sur le discours du cancérologue, semble être une voie de recherche prometteuse<br>The patient-doctor relationship as evolved during the past decades toward a more important role of patients in medical decisions. In France, two laws were passed in the last ten years, reinforcing patients' autonomy at the end-of-life. In the same time, the improvement of medical capacities and abilities have created new situations. In some of them, all medical abilities are deployed leading to an artificial prolongation of life, with no clear benefit for the patient while toxicity can be unbearable. Oncology has particularly been concerned by this global evolution of medicine. Recent evolutions in treatments have raised a strong demand for life prolongation and cure. Nevertheless, most cancers when at the metastatic stage are incurable and fatal diseases. In this setting, the path from diagnosis to end-of-life implies numerous and important decisions for which different arguments can be balanced. Decision making in this context is often complex and difficult. International studies report a high level of aggressiveness in the end-of-life care of oncology patients. Moreover, this phenomenon has increased in the past years. The contrast is striking between, on the one hand the demand of the society translating into laws reinforcing the patients' rights at the end-of-life, and on the other hand the high level in the aggressiveness of end-of-life care. This contrast gives evidence of a persistent tension in the decision making process, including at the end-of-life. This tension is particularly important in oncology, where many decisions are to be made at the end-of-life. In this manuscript, following an ethical approach, we describe the setting of care in oncology and characterize an excessive aggressiveness in end-of-life care. The studies presented suggest resources to avoid or decrease this aggressiveness of care. First with advanced discussions, allowing to reinforce the role of patients in end-of-life decisions. Second with an integrated medicine approach, resulting in a limitation of the risk of error in the oncologist decision making process across incurable-cancer care. Finally, acting on the oncologist communication may reveal essential
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44

Budd, Christopher Houghton. "The emergence of 'auditorial central banking' : an inquiry into the relation between central banking and the financial markets since the end of Bretton Woods, with particular reference to the Bank of England." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393803.

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45

Taylor, Max. "Politics and the presumption in favour of bail consideration of aspects of the Bail Act, NSW, 1978, in the period to the end of 2008. Discussion of the relative importance of various political factors that led to the neutralisation or reversal of the concept that is associated with the presumption of innocence /." Bachelor's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/84254.

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Thesis (BA(Hons)) -- Macquarie University, Dept. of Politics and International Relations.<br>Coursework. Submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours), Macquarie University, Dept. of Politics and International Relations, 2009. Includes bibliography.
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46

Le, Berre Rozenn. "Le deuil : expérience et réception collective ; De la narrativité à l'accompagnement." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30035.

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Il s'agit d'étudier la rencontre entre le vécu intime du deuil et sa réception collective. en effet, qu'est-ce que vivre un deuil ? c'est souffrir de la mort d'un être proche et aimé et devoir s'adapter à l'absence, se réorganiser. mais les évolutions possibles d'un deuil sont variées et dépendent largement de facteurs extérieurs. la notion d'attachement dont la perte d'un être cher est la rupture physique laisse subsister une relation vitale d'un genre particulier qui est appelée à évoluer et qui constitue le deuil. le deuil concerne un fait psychologique qui possède sa mécanique et ses enjeux existentiels propres mais il ne nous coupe pas du monde et nous pousse au contraire à aborder autrui de façon différente, nouvelle. cette épreuve qui relève de l'intime, qui bouleverse le moi profond change pourtant notre vision du monde et de ses habitants : la relation moi-autrui change de pôle. mais cette interaction est réciproque : l'autre me regarde et se comporte différemment. la société possède des codes sociaux qui attribuent une place déterminée à chaque membre de la communauté : ainsi, la veuve, le veuf, les orphelins. il est parfois difficile de s'en rendre compte, mais la communauté qui entoure l'endeuillé n'agit pas de façon naturelle : ses actes et ses paroles sont le fruit d'une éducation, d'une série de conventions apprises. mais il en est de même pour la personne en deuil : notre vécu intime cherche ses 'réponses' en autrui, en ceux qui l'entourent et donc dans les codes sociaux qui lui fournissent un modèle de comportement. en quoi le rapport normalisé à autrui fait partie du vécu intime du deuil ? comment la notion de 'faire son deuil' est vitale en tant qu'elle se fait en présence d'autrui ? de même, quelle place le collectif accorde à l'intime, au sentiment personnel et à sa manifestation ?<br>The challenge of this work is to address bereavement as an existential experience in a contemporary social context - living through the lost of a loved one is an abrupt change in a subject's life. Nevertheless, the subject is part of a collective, located in a society that reacts by regulating the experience of bereavement. Faced with the apparent solitude of mourning, the death of a loved one brings us to question identity as fundamentally relational beings. We focus our reflection on the abrupt change change that comes at the sudden news of the death of a loved one in the course of our existence, and which, as such, represents an abrupt change itself. Journeying through a period of mourning means being faced with the intensity and pointlessness of loss, of which no words can be said at the beginning. Starting from the unspeakable and incommunicable nature of bereavement, we address the question of meaning and of implementing practices in response to this situation of abrupt change.Problematising the expression "to be in mourning" reflects the creativity of the human subject when it is called to be a part of a social, economical, political and cultural environment upon the news of a loss. It is therefore important to emphasise the historical and social aspects of our reflection as it analyses the knowledge basis for bereavement. this epistemological analysis tends to consider bereavement as an "object" appropriate for both thought and practice. The objectives here are therefore normative and affect a singular conception of offering support to those in mourning and to those at the end of life in order that those involved in the issue may become involved in experiential continuity
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47

FLORENTZ, EGELE CATHERINE. "L'extremite 3'oh aminoacyable du rna du virus de la mosaique jaune du navet : relations entre structure et fonctions." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13181.

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Analyse structurale (structure secondaire et tertiaire) d'un fragment contenant la sequence "trna like" (extremite 3' oh possedant plusieurs caracteristiques d'un arn de transfert). Modelisation de la structure sur ecran graphique. Analyse des zones de contact entre ce fragment d'arn et la valyl-trna synthetase, a l'aide de differentes sondes structurales. Discussion sur le role de l'extremite "trna like" dans le cycle de developpement du virus (regulation de la traduction de l'information genetique portee par l'arn viral)
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48

Tranchant, Blandine. "De l'invention du mourant à la figure de l'agonie. Recherche sur l'ultime épiphanie de la personne incarnée." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3010/document.

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A l’heure où la prise en charge médicale s’avère de plus en plus nécessaire pour accompagner la fin de vie, il nous apparait que sa place est de plus en plus importante et de moins en moins questionnée. Or, réduire la fin de vie à la question du mourant et de sa prise en charge est pour le moins problématique. L’arrêt d’hydratation et d’alimentation, les différentes formes de sédation, l’euthanasie, le suicide assisté, les soins palliatifs résument-ils à eux seuls ce que l’on peut dire de la fin de vie ? Peut-elle se résumer uniquement à une question d’ordre médical ? N’est-elle pas avant tout une question d’ordre existentiel où, à l’heure de notre déclin, nous sommes confrontés à l’agonie ? Souffrance et finitude se trouvent au cœur de notre interrogation et nous poussent à nous confronter au pâtir de la vie, nous dévoilant ainsi comme être de chair. Grâce à la philosophie henryenne, l’agonie va peu à peu se dévoiler comme une occasion ultime de révélation de soi à soi en tant que soi. Face à l’aporie du mal qui frappe, nous découvrons les hommes capables toujours d’y faire face par un effort de repersonnalisation. C’est cet effort nécessaire qui va se dévoiler tant dans le champ métaphysique, que dans le champ éthique, et que dans le champ politique. C’est ce même effort qui amène l’homme à prendre ses responsabilités et à répondre aux questions existentielles. La subjectivité de chacun se doit alors de devenir le centre de l’institution soignante. L’agonie devient possibilité de repenser la place de la personne au sein du système hospitalier : place de la personne soignante, de la personne soignée, de ceux qui accompagnent, tout en développant une éthique de l’accompagnement qui doit ensuite se décliner dans une politique. Car si, métaphysiquement, vivre son agonie ne peut se justifier que par l’Amour, éthiquement, il nous faut construire une nouvelle poétique de l’action faisant place à la fraternité issue de la chair, à l’imagination de l’homme pour répondre à l’appel d’autrui et de la vie, et à la subsidiarité, afin que chacun soit respecté dans son agir et sa conscience. Politiquement, cela nous ouvre alors à un système hospitalier respectueux de chaque « Je Peux » qui se déploie en son sein. Le respect du consentement du patient reste ainsi la pierre angulaire du système hospitalier ; mais il ne peut se construire que dans une alliance avec les soignants<br>In the context of today’s world, medical care is becoming increasingly necessary to assist patients at the end of life. It appears that this care is taking on more and more importance and is subject to fewer and fewer questions. is less and less questioned. However, confining the end of life to the state of dying and its medical support is problematic. Can the end of life be resumed as stopping hydration and artificial feeding, sedation in its different forms, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and palliative care? Can it be summed up as a simple medical question? Isn’t the end of life, first and foremost, linked to an existential question in which, at the time of our decline, we come face to face with agony? Finiteness and suffering are at the heart of our questioning as we confront life’s hardships, revealing the mystery of the flesh. With the help of Michel Henry’s philosophy, agony will gradually reveal itself as an ultimate opportunity for self-revelation. Faced with the paradox of evil, we find Man capable of coping with an effort of re-personification. This necessary effort will unfold in the metaphysical, ethical and political fields. This same effort allows Man to take responsibility for himself and to contemplate existential questions. The subjectivity of each person must become the center of the healthcare institution. Agony becomes the possibility to rethink the place of the individual person within the hospital system: the care giver, the care receiver and those supporting them, all while developing an ethical personal assistance which must then translated into policies. Because even if metaphysically, living out agony cannot be otherwise justified but by Love, ethically we must build a new way of operating. We must leave room for fraternity as a consequence of being of the flesh, to imagination in order to respond to our fellow man and our life’s calling, and to subsidiarity so that everyone is respected in his actions and consciousness. Politically, it opens up the possibility of a hospital system respectful of each "I Can" which is echoed within its walls. Respect for the patient's consent remains the cornerstone of the hospital system but can only be built with an alliance with caregivers
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49

Peacock, Shelley. "The lived experience of family caregivers who provided end-of-life care to a relative with advanced dementia." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1780.

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With aging of the baby boomer population, older adults living longer, and no known cure for dementia, the prevalence of dementia in older adults will inevitably rise. Dementia is a terminal illness, although it may not be recognized as such. Family caregivers to persons with dementia provide invaluable care, often at the expense of their own health and well-being. Over the past two decades there has been an abundance of research that examines the various and complex aspects of caring for a relative with dementia. However, there is a paucity of research that has been conducted on the experiences of family caregivers providing end-of-life care. The conceptual framework that guides this research is based on the work of Martin Heidegger. A thorough search of the literature reveals that the main themes of this end-of-life experience studied to date are the experience of grief and loss, and the manifestations of depression in family caregivers. A number of gaps in the literature remain that limit our understanding of the end-of-life care experience. The purpose of the present study is to begin to address this neglected area of research. As a result, the research question is: What is the meaning of the lived experience of family caregivers who provided end-of-life care for a relative who died with advanced dementia? This question was addressed using an interpretive phenomenology based on the work of Munhall. The study utilized a purposeful sample of family caregivers (n = 11) whose relative with dementia died in the last year. Two to three in-person, unstructured interviews were completed with each participant as a way to glean an understanding of their experiences and offer opportunities for the participant to verify their end-of-life caregiving story. A total of 27 interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were hermeneutically analyzed in order to create individual narratives for each participant, reveal the essence of this experience, discuss the influence of the life worlds, consider the taken for granted, and generate an overall study narrative. These findings reveal the complex nature of the end-of-life caregiving experience with dementia.
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50

Chiu, Kou-Hsiung, and 邱國雄. "The effect of Advanced Glycation End products on SIRT1 and relative pathway in SH-SY5Y cells." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6k6rp4.

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碩士<br>長榮大學<br>生物科技學系(所)<br>103<br>So far, about thirty million people suffer from Alzheimer&apos;&apos;s disease (AD) in worldwide. The treatment and pathogenic mechanisms of AD are not yet fully understood. In recent years, many studies have suggested that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) gene could prolong the life of cells and protect cells from aging. SIRT1 may play an important role in AD. Previous studies in our laboratory found that Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) could increase the expression of amyloid β (Aβ) via Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused cells death in SH-SY5Y. In order to further clarify the AGEs related regulatory mechanism in AD. This thesis will explore the relationship between AGEs and SIRT1, and research the related downstream regulation of their mutual relations. The results show that SIRT1 and p53 are stimulated by AGEs via ROS, while inducing the apoptosis-related factors Bax / Bcl-2 ratio and increasing caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, AGEs enhance the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP78. Interestingly, there have very different results of AGEs and resveratrol simultaneously treat the cells. The expression of SIRT1 and related proteins are decreased by the reduction of ROS with different times, and shows a positive correlation. This implies that SIRT1 may be an important role in regulating cell apoptosis in the situation of treatment with AGEs, and not at all times able to protect cells from apoptosis.
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