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Books on the topic 'Relative population'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Muller, Christophe. The relative prevalence of diseases in a population of ill persons: Evidence from Benin. [Nottingham]: University of Nottingham, Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, 1999.

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2

Knick, Steven T. Ecology of bobcats relative to exploitation and a prey decline in Southeastern Idaho. [Bethesda, MD.]: Wildlife Society, 1990.

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3

Knick, Steven T. Ecology of bobcats relative to exploitation and a prey decline in southeastern Idaho. [Bethesda, MD]: Wildlife Society, 1990.

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4

Knick, Steven T. Ecology of bobcats relative to exploitation and a prey decline in southeastern Idaho. [Bethesda, MD]: Wildlife Society, 1990.

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5

Berejikian, Barry A. Review of relative fitness of hatchery and natural salmon. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2004.

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6

Dech, Jeffery Peter. Population establishment of Galerucella pusilla (Duft.) and G. calmariensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their relative impact on the growth of Lythrum salicaria L. (Myrtiflorae: Lythraceae) in two central Ontario wetlands. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 2000.

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7

Viavant, Tim. Distribution and relative abundance of stocked species in Harding Lake, 1987-1990. Anchorage, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Sport Fish, 1991.

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8

Meador, Karen. Trends in relative abundance of selected shellfishes and finfishes along the Texas coast, January 1977-December 1987. [Austin]: Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept., Coastal Fisheries Branch, 1988.

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9

Regina Coeli Da Cunha Santos. Polymer coatings in relation to single and mixed population biofilms. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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10

Linder, G., S. Krest, D. Sparling, and E. Little, eds. Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1443-eb.

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11

P, Aldo Hernández. Abundancia relativa de los peces en la costa oriental del Lago de Nicaragua. Managua: Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales, 2008.

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12

P, Aldo Hernández. Abundancia relativa de los peces en la costa oriental del Lago de Nicaragua. Managua: Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales, 2008.

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13

J, Evans Thomas. Distribution and relative abundance of sea otters in the Aleutian Archipelago. Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management, 1997.

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14

Wenner, Charles A. Species composition, distribution, and relative abundance of fishes in the coastal habitat off the southeastern United States. Seattle, WA: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1989.

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15

Wenner, Charles A. Species composition, distribution, and relative abundance of fishes in the coastal habitat off the southeastern United States. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1989.

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16

Maxted, Nigel, Mohammad Ehsan Dulloo, and José María Iriondo. Conserving plant genetic diversity in protected areas: Population management of crop wild relatives. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2008.

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17

Iriondo, J. M., N. Maxted, and M. E. Dulloo, eds. Conserving plant genetic diversity in protected areas: population management of crop wild relatives. Wallingford: CABI, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845932824.0000.

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18

Dailey, James A. Trends in relative abundance and size of selected finfishes in Texas bays, November 1975-December 1987. Austin, Tex: Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept., Coastal Fisheries Branch, 1988.

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19

Governor, Florida Office of the. Florida population estimates and projections by county for 1981-92 January and July quarters by selected age and sex categories relating to certificate of need bed projections. Tallahassee, Fla. (1317 Winewood Blvd., Bldg. 2, Rm. 235, Tallahassee 32301): Distributed by State of Florida, Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Office of Health Planning and Development, Office of Comprehensive Health Planning, Data Analysis Unit, 1986.

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20

McKenzie, Fayette Avery. The Indian in relation to the white population of the United States. Columbus, Ohio: F.A. McKenzie, 1987.

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21

Richard, Hyse, ed. New principles of political economy: Of wealth in its relation to population. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1991.

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22

Canada. Bureau de contrôle du tabac. Opinion de la population canadienne sur les messages relatifs à la santé. Ottawa, Ont: Santé Canada, 1999.

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23

Legault, Michel. Elaboration d'une méthode d'évaluation de l'abondance relative de l'éperlan arc-en-ciel (Osmerus mordax) du Lac-Saint-Jean. Québec: Ministère de l'environnement et de la faune, 1998.

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24

Legault, Michel. Méthode d'évaluation de l'abondance relative en lac des jeunes de l'année de l'éperlan arc-en-ciel (Osmerus mordax). Québec: Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec, 2002.

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25

National Seminar/Workshop on Population and Youth in Relation to Education and Employment (1988 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Report of the National Seminar/Workshop on Population and Youth in Relation to Education and Employment. [Addis Ababa: ILO/JASPA, 1988.

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26

Indigenous peoples and demography: The complex relation between identity and statistics. New York: Berghahn Books, 2011.

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27

Hunter, Mark A. Relative distributions of five coho stocks caught in the west coast of Vancouver Island troll fishery. Olympia, Wash: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, 1988.

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28

Zerbini, Alexandre N. Distribuição e abundância relativa de cetáceos na zona econômica exclusiva da Regiã̃o Sudeste-Sul do Brasil. São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico-USP, 2004.

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29

Downhill, Stuart Bradley. Species population trends in relation to human impact in the Ribble estuary, 1980-1990. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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30

Franzin, William Gilbert. An evaluation of the relative success of naturalized brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), populations in South Duck River and Cowan Creek, Duck Mountain region, Manitoba. Winnipeg, Man: Western Region, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1985.

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31

Willott, Stephen John. The thermal ecology and population dynamics of grasshoppers in relation to grazing on a Breckland grassheath. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1992.

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32

Bente, Peter J. Documentation of peregrine falcon nest sites in relation to state land use proposals. Juneau, AK: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1995.

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33

Bente, Peter J. Documentation of peregrine falcon nest sites in relation to state land use proposals. Juneau, AK: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1992.

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34

Bente, Peter J. Documentation of peregrine falcon nest sites in relation to state land use proposals. Juneau, AK: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1994.

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35

Thompson, Peter G. Yield dynamics of soybean relative to plant population. 1990.

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36

Mufwene, Salikoko S. Population Movements, Language Contact, Linguistic Diversity, Etc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0018.

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This chapter argues that languages move with people for various reasons, including nomadism, long-distance trade, colonization, exile and refuge, and deportations. While not necessarily mutually exclusive, these categories enable a better understanding of the differential evolution of languages at home and in the diasporas, owing to differing population structures and other ecological conditions resulting from different kinds of migrations within, into, and out of Africa in particular. In contrast with the fragility of its languages in the diaspora, the continent has been remarkable for the resilience of its indigenous vernaculars relative to the prestigious European colonial languages and the urban varieties that European colonization generated. This resilience is due to the division of labor in communicative functions as well as to stagnation of African economies, both of which have sustained multilingualism through socioeconomic and cultural segregation. From this theoretical foundation, the chapter then engages with the previous contributions to the volume.

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37

Kristian, Bolin, and National Bureau of Economic Research., eds. Utilisation of physician services in the 50+ population. the relative importance of individual versus institutional factors in 10 European countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008.

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38

Ford, Malcolm Richard. The effect of riparian corridor width on the relative abundance and relative diversity of avian communities. 1993.

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39

(Editor), Andrew P. Hendry, ed. Evolution Illuminated: Salmon and Their Relatives. Oxford University Press, USA, 2003.

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40

Brandon, Anna R., Geetha Shivakumar, Elizabeth H. Anderson, and Anne Drapkin Lyerly. Specific Populations. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.16.

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It is estimated that more than 500,000 women annually experience a mental illness during pregnancy. Although approximately a third of these women will be prescribed medication, the majority receives no treatment, partly because ethical challenges to including pregnant women in research protocols have impeded studies necessary to establish maternal and fetal effects of medication, appropriate dosing, and the relative risks of undertreated mental illness. Because mental illness is a frequent complication of pregnancy (particularly anxiety and depression), clinicians will be called upon to ethically navigate uncertain treatment recommendations with sensitivity to patient values. The following discussion reviews the history of current guidelines to research with pregnant women, common clinical presentations of women experiencing mental illness in the perinatal context, and relevant ethical frameworks to inform patient care.

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41

Bhopal, Raj S. Concepts of Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.001.0001.

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Epidemiology is a population science that underpins health improvement and health care, and is concerned with the pattern, frequency, trends, and causes of disease. This book teaches its applications to population health research, policy-making, health service planning, health promotion, and clinical care. The book emphasizes concepts and principles. In 10 chapters, the book explains what epidemiology is; illustrates the basis of epidemiology in populations; provides a framework for analysing diseases by time, place, and person; introduces error, bias, and confounding; explains how we move from association to causation; considers the natural history, spectrum, and iceberg of disease in relation to medical screening; discusses the acquisition and analysis of data on incidence and prevalence of risk factors and diseases; shows the ways in which epidemiological data are presented, including relative and absolute risks; provides an integrated overview of study designs and the principles of data analysis; and considers the theoretical and ethical basis of epidemiology both in the past and the future. The emphasis is on interactive learning, with each chapter including learning objectives, theoretical and numerical exercises, questions and answers, and a summary. The text is illustrated, with detailed material in tables. The book is written in plain English, and the necessary technical and specialized terminology is explained and defined in a glossary. The book is for postgraduate courses in epidemiology, public health, and health policy. It is also suitable for clinicians, undergraduate students in medicine, nursing and other health disciplines, and researchers.

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42

Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. The Nonadaptive Forces of Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the relative strengths of the nonadaptive evolutionary forces (drift, mutation, recombination) acting on genomes. It reviews estimators for effective population size, mutation rate, and recombination rate, and summarizes the known genomic results over a wide range of taxa. The mutation rate tends to be lower in organisms with larger effective population sizes, consistent with the drift-barrier hypothesis wherein selection is ineffective when it is less than the reciprocal of the effective population size.

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43

Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Interaction of Selection, Mutation, and Drift. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the joint impact of selection, mutation, and drift on the allele frequencies at a locus. One key finding is that if the strength of selection is sufficiently weak relative to drift, alleles behave as if they are effectively neutral. Hence, as a population attempts to evolve toward some ideal (optimal) value, the beneficial increment from new mutations eventually becomes sufficiently weak (relative to drift) they are efficiently neutral, implying that perfect adaptation is never possible. This is the notion of the drift barrier. Another key ideal is Haldane's principle: the decline in mean population fitness generated by deleterious mutations is largely independent of their selective effects, but instead is simply a function of their mutation rate.

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44

Bhopal, Raj S. Summarizing, presenting, and interpreting epidemiological data: Building on incidence and prevalence. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.003.0008.

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Basic epidemiological data on disease occurrence and population structure can be manipulated and presented in many ways. Epidemiological summary measures, broadly, estimate absolute or relative frequency of outcomes. Usually, relative measures are more useful in causal enquiry while absolute measures are better in health planning and policy. These measures, usually in association with risk factor prevalence data, allow estimation of the risk attributable to a risk factor in those exposed and in the entire population. Avoidable mortality (and morbidity) refers to the potential to avoid death (or morbidity) from a number of specified causes if the best possible health care actions were taken. Years of life saved measures help to measure the impact of avoidable mortality in the population. Epidemiological data on diseases can be combined with other information, such as socio-economic circumstances, social values and attitudes, and behaviours relevant to health, to build up a community health profile.

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45

Stoddard Jr., Frederick J., Robert J. Ursano, and Stephen J. Cozza. Population Trauma. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0010.

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This chapter reviews trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRDs) as they relate to disaster, defined by the World Health Organization as “a severe disruption, ecological and psychosocial, which greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the affected community.” Some are human-made such as a terrorist event or shooting, while others are due to natural events such as earthquake or hurricane. Humanitarian emergencies are also a class of disasters. Since most but not all people and communities are resilient, the prevalence of TSRDs after disaster and what interventions are optimal is highly relevant to disaster recovery. The chapter discusses the impact of disaster preparedness, factors that influence how communities cope with disaster, and the effect of trauma and stress on populations. It goes on to review factors that influence susceptibility and resilience to disaster trauma, the range of psychological consequences of disaster, and early interventions for TSRDs in response to disaster.

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46

Sharpe, James. Law Enforcement and the Local Community. Edited by Lorna Hutson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.013.29.

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Ultimately, the enforcement of the criminal law in early modern England depended upon the co-operation and involvement of a number of parochial officers: in particular the parish constables, but also churchwardens and manorial jurors. Recently social historians examining local law enforcement have rejected the earlier tendency to disparage parochial officers and have emphasized the relative efficiency of local officers, the importance of the shifting relation between central authority and local society, and the implications of social and cultural change among the bulk of the population. This paper provides an overview of these themes, and stresses the importance of the law at all social levels in early modern England.

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47

Brooke, Steven. Of Promise and Pitfalls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882969.003.0017.

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This chapter focuses on population-based experimental research, a relative novelty in Middle East political science. It is an attempt to identify some of the challenges this methodology offers and provide tangible ways to mitigate them, including strategies for monitoring, nesting experimental approaches in rich contextual knowledge, and planning for failure. These suggestions are discussed in the context of the author’s experiences conducting population-based experiments in Egypt.

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48

Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Multisensory Interactions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0010.

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This chapter shows that multiple sensory information sources can generally be integrated in a similar fashion. However, seeing that different modalities are grounded in different frames of reference, integrations will focus on space or on identities. Body-relative spaces integrate information about the body and the surrounding space in body-relative frames of reference, integrating the available information across modalities in an approximately optimal manner. Simple topological neural population encodings are well-suited to generate estimates about stimulus locations and to map several frames of reference onto each other. Self-organizing neural networks are introduced as the basic computation mechanism that enables the learning of such mappings. Multisensory object recognition, on the other hand, is realized most effectively in an object-specific frame of reference – essentially abstracting away from body-relative frames of reference. Cognitive maps, that is, maps of the environment are learned by connecting locations over space and time. The hippocampus strongly supports the learning of cognitive maps, as it supports the generation of new episodic memories, suggesting a strong relation between these two computational tasks. In conclusion, multisensory integration yields internal predictive structures about spaces and object identities, which are well-suited to plan, decide on, and control environmental interactions.

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49

Merchant, Emily Klancher. Building the Population Bomb. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197558942.001.0001.

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Building the Population Bomb examines how human population came to be understood as a problem in the twentieth century, how it became an object of intervention for governments, scientists, and nongovernmental organizations, and how some forms of intervention got coded as legitimate while others were recognized as coercive. It traces the emergence and growth of two scientific perspectives on population from the 1920s to the present. The first, rooted in the natural sciences, considered the world’s population as a whole in relation to natural resources. The second, rooted in the social sciences, considered national population growth rates in relation to economic growth. These two perspectives converged briefly after World War II, convincing world leaders that population growth posed a barrier to economic development and a threat to worldwide peace and environmental integrity. The book documents how this overpopulation consensus attracted vast sums of money to demography and population control, and teases out the differences between population control, birth control, and family planning. It concludes with the fracturing of this consensus at the end of the 1960s, constituting the factions that structure today’s debates over whether the world’s population is growing too quickly or not quickly enough, and over what should be done about it. The book documents how population growth came to take the blame for the world’s most complex and pressing problems, and how efforts to solve “the population problem” have diverted attention and resources from the pursuit of economic, environmental, and reproductive justice.

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50

Traditions of De-coo-dah: And antiquarian researches comprising extensive explorations, surveys ... the traditions of the last prophet of the Elk nation relative to their origin and use and the evidences of an ancient population more numerous than the present aborigines. New York: H. Thayer, 1986.

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