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Journal articles on the topic 'Relative population'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Moore, Nicholas, Sinem Ezgi Gulmez, Patrick Blin, Régis Lassalle, Jeremy Jove, Hélène Théophile, Bernard Bégaud, Dominique Larrey, and Jacques Bénichou. "Relative Risks from Case-Population Data." Epidemiology 24, no. 6 (November 2013): 935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182a77882.

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2

Tompkins, Robert L. "Human population variability in relative dental development." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 99, no. 1 (January 1996): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199601)99:1<79::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-v.

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3

Popov, P. P. "Cluster groups, population structure, and relative localization of spruce populations in Eastern Europe." Russian Journal of Ecology 46, no. 2 (March 2015): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1067413615010130.

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4

Riley, David G., G. M. Angelella, and R. M. McPherson. "Pine pollen dehiscence relative to thrips population dynamics." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 138, no. 3 (January 31, 2011): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01095.x.

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5

McCarthy, Michael A., Sandy J. Andelman, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Reliability of Relative Predictions in Population Viability Analysis." Conservation Biology 17, no. 4 (August 2003): 982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01570.x.

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6

Godet, Laurent, Vincent Devictor, and Frédéric Jiguet. "Estimating relative population size included within protected areas." Biodiversity and Conservation 16, no. 9 (May 20, 2006): 2587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9020-2.

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7

Perrin, N., A. Korichi, C. Bourgeois, F. Azaiez, J. Duprat, F. Ibrahim, D. Hojman, F. Le Blanc, D. G. Popescu, and H. Sergolle. "Relative population of oblate and prolate structures in189Au." Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei 347, no. 2 (June 1993): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01284673.

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8

Gerber, Nina, Hanna Kokko, Dieter Ebert, and Isobel Booksmythe. "Daphnia invest in sexual reproduction when its relative costs are reduced." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1871 (January 17, 2018): 20172176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2176.

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The timing of sex in facultatively sexual organisms is critical to fitness, due to the differing demographic consequences of sexual versus asexual reproduction. In addition to the costs of sex itself, an association of sex with the production of dormant life stages also influences the optimal use of sex, especially in environments where resting eggs are essential to survive unfavourable conditions. Here we document population dynamics and the occurrence of sexual reproduction in natural populations of Daphnia magna across their growing season. The frequency of sexually reproducing females and males increased with population density and with decreasing asexual clutch sizes. The frequency of sexually reproducing females additionally increased as population growth rates decreased. Consistent with population dynamic models showing that the opportunity cost of sexual reproduction (foregoing contribution to current population growth) diminishes as populations approach carrying capacity, we found that investment in sexual reproduction was highest when asexual population growth was low or negative. Our results support the idea that the timing of sex is linked with periods when the relative cost of sex is reduced due to low potential asexual growth at high population densities. Thus, a combination of ecological and demographic factors affect the optimal timing of sexual reproduction, allowing D. magna to balance the necessity of sex against its costs.

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9

Willoughby, Janna R., and Mark R. Christie. "Captive Ancestry Upwardly Biases Estimates of Relative Reproductive Success." Journal of Heredity 108, no. 5 (May 12, 2017): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esx046.

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Abstract Supplementation programs, which release captive-born individuals into the wild, are commonly used to demographically bolster declining populations. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs, the reproductive success of captive-born individuals released into the wild is often compared to the reproductive success of wild-born individuals in the recipient population (relative reproductive success, RRS). However, if there are heritable reductions in fitness associated with captive breeding, gene flow from captive-born individuals into the wild population can reduce the fitness of the wild population. Here, we show that when captive ancestry in the wild population reduces mean population fitness, estimates of RRS are upwardly biased, meaning that the relative fitness of captive-born individuals is over-estimated. Furthermore, the magnitude of this bias increases with the length of time that a supplementation program has been releasing captive-born individuals. This phenomenon has long-term conservation impacts since management decisions regarding the design of a supplementation program and the number of individuals to release can be based, at least in part, on RRS estimates. Therefore, we urge caution in the interpretation of relative fitness measures when the captive ancestry of the wild population cannot be precisely measured.

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10

Dalazen, Giliardi, Catarine Markus, and Aldo Merotto Jr. "Differential Expression of Genes Associated With Degradation Enhancement of Imazethapyr in Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 9 (August 13, 2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p389.

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The understanding of mechanism of herbicide resistance in weeds is essential for adequate or innovative weed management practices. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the expression of genes related to degradation enhancement of imazethapyr in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv.). One susceptible (SUSSP01) and two populations previouslly identified as resistant to imazethapyr (ARRGR01 and PALMS01) were used. Gene expression of CYP and GST, the translation initiating factor eIF4B, and ALS genes were evaluated after imazethapyr spraying. A reference gene stability analysis was carried out, wherein the genes 18S and actin showed to be more stable in response to the population and herbicide treatment. The gene expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. There was no difference in the relative expression of the ALS gene. The CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes showed higher relative expression in the resistant populations. The CYP81A6 gene had expression 9.61 and 8.44 higher in the resistant populations ARRGR01 and PALMS01, respectively, in comparison with the untreated susceptible population. The expression of this gene was induced by spraying the herbicide imazethapyr. The GSTF1 gene showed higher relative expression in PALMS01 population, reaching 12.30 times higher in plants treated with imazethapyr in relation to untreated susceptible population. The expression of eIF4B gene in the resistant populations treated with imazethapyr was about six times higher than observed in susceptible population. The high relative expression of CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes indicate the importance of degradation enhancement for the resistance of barnyargrass to imazethapyr.

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11

Pontes, Tiago Arruda, Cássio Van Den Berg, Ivanilza Moreira de Andrade, and Simon Joseph Mayo. "Measuring relative flower size in Anthurium (Araceae) as a continuous quantitative character." Phytotaxa 178, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.3.2.

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Relative flower size (RFS) was studied quantitatively in natural populations of Anthurium erskinei (one population) and A. talmonii (two populations) to investigate its potential as a taxonomic descriptor. RFS is defined as the ratio of spadix diameter and transverse floral width in the same region of the spadix. Variation was examined within and between inflorescences, populations and species. Within a single spadix, RFS may vary significantly between basal and upper spadix zones but usually not between basal and middle zones. Within populations, RFS does not differ significantly between spadix zones. Log-transformed RFS values showed significant inter-population differences. In nested ANOVA, between-species variance accounted for >90% of total variance. In A. talmonii between-population within-species variance amounted to >78% of total variance (mean RFS values), and within-spadix-zone within-spadix variance accounted for >31% of total variance (individual values). Bootstrap sampling showed that five pairs of flower and spadix diameter measurements per spadix would provide an adequate estimate of mean RFS for each population. The study suggests that RFS can be a useful quantitative taxonomic floral character for comparing species and populations in the genus Anthurium.

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12

Galla, Tobias. "Relative population size, cooperation pressure and strategy correlation in two-population evolutionary dynamics." Philosophical Magazine 92, no. 1-3 (January 2012): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2011.634851.

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13

Jones, Carissa, Isaac Rojas-González, Julio Lemos-Espinal, and Jaime Zúñiga-Vega. "Demography of Xenosaurus platyceps (Squamata: Xenosauridae): a comparison between tropical and temperate populations." Amphibia-Reptilia 29, no. 2 (2008): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808784124992.

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Abstract There appears to be variation in life-history strategies even between populations of the same species. For ectothermic organisms such as lizards, it has been predicted that demographic and life-history traits should differ consistently between temperate and tropical populations. This study compares the demographic strategies of a temperate and a tropical population of the lizard Xenosaurus platyceps. Population growth rates in both types of environments indicated populations in numerical equilibrium. Of the two populations, we found that the temperate population experiences lower adult mortality. The relative importance (estimated as the relative contribution to population growth rate) of permanence and of the adult/reproductive size classes is higher in the temperate population. In contrast, the relative importance for average fitness of fecundity and growth is higher in the tropical population. These results are consistent with the theoretical frameworks about life-historical differences among tropical and temperate lizard populations.

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14

Nagylaki, T. "Gustave Malécot and the transition from classical to modern population genetics." Genetics 122, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.2.253.

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Abstract The contributions of Gustave Malécot to theoretical population genetics are described, discussed, and put into perspective relative to earlier and later work. In this context, certain aspects of the theory of inbreeding, the correlation between relatives, the evolution of finite panmictic populations, and (in more depth) spatial variation are reviewed. A brief biographical sketch of Malécot is also presented.

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15

Murali, P., S. Sundarapandian, and Madhan Kumar S.J. "RELATIVE ANATOMICAL POSITION OF GREATER PALATINE FORAMEN WITH REFERENCE TO INTRAORAL LANDMARKS IN SOUTHINDIAN POPULATION." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 4, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 1912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.111.

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16

Allen, Stephen H., and Alan B. Sargeant. "Dispersal Patterns of Red Foxes Relative to Population Density." Journal of Wildlife Management 57, no. 3 (July 1993): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809277.

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17

Salim, Ruhul, and Kamrul Hassan. "Does the relative population growth affect purchasing power parity?" Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2009): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850802616484.

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18

Andersen, Per Kragh, Mary M. Horowitz, John P. Klein, Gerard Socie, Judith Veum Stone, and Mei-Jie Zhang. "Modelling covariate adjusted mortality relative to a standard population." Statistics in Medicine 18, no. 12 (June 30, 1999): 1529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990630)18:12<1529::aid-sim137>3.0.co;2-j.

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19

Orishimo, Isao. "CITY SIZE AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY RELATIVE TO POPULATION MOVEMENT." Papers in Regional Science 46, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1981.tb01127.x.

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20

Orr, H. Allen. "Evolution, finance, and the population genetics of relative wealth." Journal of Bioeconomics 20, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10818-017-9254-y.

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21

Dendrinos, Dimitrios S., and Michael Sonis. "Nonlinear discrete relative population dynamics of the U.S. regions." Applied Mathematics and Computation 25, no. 4 (March 1988): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(88)90124-5.

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22

Scalia, G., and P. Cain. "The Relative Atrial Index—Population Data from 145,522 Echocardiograms." Heart, Lung and Circulation 20 (January 2011): S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.477.

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23

Wright, Jason D., Ling Chen, Ana I. Tergas, William M. Burke, June Y. Hou, Alfred I. Neugut, Cande V. Ananth, and Dawn L. Hershman. "Population-level trends in relative survival for cervical cancer." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 213, no. 5 (November 2015): 670.e1–670.e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.012.

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24

Korichi, A., N. Perrin, C. Bourgeois, D. Hojman, D. G. Popescu, H. Sergolle, F. Hannachi, and M. G. Porquet. "Relative population of the oblate and prolate structures in187Au." Zeitschrift f�r Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei 343, no. 1 (March 1992): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01291591.

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25

AUGER, PIERRE, RAFAEL BRAVO DE LA PARRA, and EVA SÁNCHEZ. "BEHAVIORAL DYNAMICS OF TWO INTERACTING HAWK–DOVE POPULATIONS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 11, no. 04 (June 2001): 645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202501001033.

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We present a model of two interacting populations using two individual strategies, hawk and dove. Individuals encounter each other frequently and can change tactics several times in their life. Conflicts occur between individuals belonging to the same population and to different populations. The general model is based on the replicator equations which are used to describe the variations of the hawk proportions of the two populations. According to parameter values, namely the gain-, the intra- and inter-population costs, and the relative intra-population encounter rates, we classify the different phase portraits. We show that a decrease in the intra-population cost of a population provokes an increase in the hawk proportion in this population and of the dove proportion in the other population. An increase in the inter-population cost favors hawk strategy in the population which causes more injuries and dove strategy in the other. We also study the effects of the relative densities of the two populations on the stability of equilibria. In most cases, an increase in the relative density of a population leads to a decrease in hawk proportion in this population and of dove proportion in the other.

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26

Helms, Theodore C. "Relative precision of linkage mapping in recombinant diploid populations." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-153.

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With the increased effort in mapping linked loci, it is important to understand how the precision of the estimate of linkage intensity is influenced by the level of inbreeding and the sample size. For discreet traits, such as molecular markers, the standard error of linkage intensity has been determined for an F2 and backcross population. However, the standard error of linkage intensity has not been determined for discreet traits in the case of the F3 population, double haploid or recombinant inbred lines. The objective is to provide information to aid plant scientists in planning mapping experiments where a given level of precision is desired when estimating the intensity of linkage between two loci for F2 and F3 populations as well as double haploid and fully inbred lines. The precision associated with the estimate of the intensity of linkage is shown graphically as the type of population, the sample size, the intensity of linkage and the linkage-phase is varied. For discreet traits, such as molecular markers, the F2 population and use of co-dominant markers are the best choices to maximize precision when estimating any degree of coupling and repulsion-phase linkage. Key words: Linkage, precision, inbreeding, sample size, markers, molecular

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27

Iwasaki, Motoki, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Tetsuya Otani, Manami Inoue, Tomoyuki Hanaoka, Tomotaka Sobue, and Shoichiro Tsugane. "Generalizability of Relative Risk Estimates from a Well-defined Population to a General Population." European Journal of Epidemiology 21, no. 4 (April 2006): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-006-0004-z.

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28

Harris, James R., Billy J. Gossett, and Joe E. Toler. "Growth Characteristics of Selected Dinitroaniline-Resistant and -Susceptible Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Population." Weed Technology 9, no. 3 (September 1995): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002385x.

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Growth and development of selected dinitroaniline-resistant (DR) and -susceptible (DS) goosegrass populations were compared in field studies in replacement series, in association with cotton, and under noncompetitive conditions. The DR ‘Florence’ (FR) and DS ‘Orangeburg’ (OS) populations were similar in competitiveness as indicated by relative yields (RY) and relative crowding coefficients (RCC) for vegetative and reproductive biomass production in a replacement series. Relative growth of the FR and DS ‘Anderson’ (AS) populations in replacement series was similar when vegetative biomass was considered, but reproductive biomass of the AS population declined as proportion of FR population increased. RCC values also indicated that the FR population interfered with reproductive development of the AS population. In field studies, the FR population produced greater vegetative biomass than either DS population, while similar reproductive biomass occurred for the FR and OS populations. Inflorescence dry weights were greater for the FR than the AS population under noncompetitive conditions and in cotton, but were greater for the AS population in replacement series studies. The competitiveness of DR and DS goosegrass biotypes appears to be more related to growth characteristics of individual populations than to response to dinitroaniline herbicides.

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29

Zeegers, Maurice P., Leo J. Schouten, R. Alexandra Goldbohm, and Piet A. van den Brandt. "A compendium of familial relative risks of cancer among first degree relatives: A population-based study." International Journal of Cancer 123, no. 7 (October 1, 2008): 1664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23615.

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30

Yarasheva, Aziza, and Svetlana Makar. "Regional features of the economic behavior of population (on the example of the Russian Far East)." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.5.

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The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the transformation of some aspects of the economic behavior of residents of the regions of the Far East Federal District (FEFD). The authors present the results of a comparative analysis of the dynamics of indicators characterizing the activity of individuals in the financial sector (within the macro-region and relative to all-Russian indicators). On the basis of official statistics, changes (2018-2020) in the volume of disposable monetary resources of households (in urban and rural areas) were studied as opportunities for the population to implement financial (monetary) strategies. The regions of the Far East Federal District were ranked by the volume of deposits of individuals in rubles, attracted by credit institutions, as one of the important elements of savings behavior; there were identified leaders and outsiders in terms of the growth rates of the volumes of organized savings. The article shows government measures (program) to increase the level of financial literacy of the population and develop financial education for citizens to take the most effective and least risky decisions when choosing a strategy for economic action. It demonstrates the change in the rating of the FEFD regions (2019) according to the general Index of Financial Literacy, as well as its separate components: knowledge in the field of finance, financial management skills, attitudes towards finance. There was revealed a higher financial literacy rate (in more than half of the regions of the Far East Federal District) in comparison with the all-Russian indicators. And among the Federation subjects of the analyzed District, both in 2018 and in 2019, Primorsky Krai fell into group A (the best values of the Financial Literacy Index). The regions-leaders of the Far East Federal District were identified in terms of opportunities and methods for implementation of economic activity by the population.

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31

Schulwitz, Sarah, Jeff Johnson, and Bryan Bedrosian. "Low Neutral Genetic Diversity in an Isolated Greater Sage Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus) Population in Northwest Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 35 (January 1, 2012): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2012.3943.

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Habitat loss is well recognized as an immediate threat to biodiversity. Depending on the dispersal capabilities of the species, increased habitat fragmentation often results in reduced functional connectivity and gene flow followed by population decline and a higher likelihood of eventual extinction. Knowledge of the degree of connectivity between populations is therefore crucial for better management of small populations in a changing landscape. A small population of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) exists in northwest Wyoming within the Jackson Hole valley, including Grand Teton National Park and the National Elk Refuge. To what degree the Jackson population is isolated is not known as natural dispersal barriers in the form of mountains and anthropogenic habitat fragmentation may limit the populationâs connectivity to adjacent populations. Using 16 microsatellite loci and 300 greater sage-grouse samples collected throughout Wyoming and southeast Montana, significant population differentiation was found to exist among populations. Results indicated that the Jackson population was isolated relative to the other sampled populations, including Pinedale, its closest neighboring large population to the south. The one exception was a small population immediately to the east of Jackson, in which asymmetric dispersal from Jackson into Gros Ventre was detected. Both Jackson and Gros Ventre populations exhibited significantly reduced levels of neutral genetic diversity relative to other sampled populations. More work is warranted to determine the timing at which Jackson and Gros Ventre populations had become isolated and whether it was primarily due to recent habitat fragmentation or more historic processes. Due to its small population size, continual monitoring of the population is recommended with the goal of at least maintaining current population size and, if possible, increasing suitable habitat and population size to levels recorded in the past.

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32

Wakeley, John, and Jody Hey. "Estimating Ancestral Population Parameters." Genetics 145, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.3.847.

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The expected numbers of different categories of polymorphic sites are derived for two related models of population history: the isolation model, in which an ancestral population splits into two descendents, and the size-change model, in which a single population undergoes an instantaneous change in size. For the isolation model, the observed numbers of shared, fixed, and exclusive polymorphic sites are used to estimate the relative sizes of the three populations, ancestral plus two descendent, as well as the time of the split. For the size-change model, the numbers of sites segregating at particular frequencies in the sample are used to estimate the relative sizes of the ancestral and descendent populations plus the time the change took place. Parameters are estimated by choosing values that most closely equate expectations with observations. Computer simulations show that current and historical population parameters can be estimated accurately. The methods are applied to DNA data from two species of Drosophila and to some human mitochondrial DNA sequences.

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33

Leite, Germano Leão Demolin, Marcelo Picanço, Gulab Newandram Jham, and Márcio Dionízio Moreira. "Whitefly, aphids and thrips attack on cabbage." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, no. 10 (October 2006): 1469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006001000003.

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The objective of this work was to investigate the relationships between predators and parasitoids, leaf chemical composition, levels of leaf nitrogen and potassium, total rainfall, relative humidity, daylight and median temperature on the intensity of whitefly, aphid, and thrips attack on cabbage. Whitefly, aphids and thrips population tended to proliferate in the final stage of plant or reached a peak population about 40 days after plantation. The whitefly and thrips tended to increase with an increase in the median temperature. A dependence of Cheiracanthium inclusum and Adialytus spp. populations on whitefly and aphids populations, respectively, was observed. No significant effect was detected between K and nonacosane leaf content and aphid population. However, an increase in leaf N content was followed by a decrease of this insect population. No significant relation was observed between leaf N, K and nonacosane and whitefly and thrips populations. Highest nonacosane levels were observed in plants 40 days after transplant, and relative humidity correlated negatively with nonacosane. Natural enemies, especially the parasitoid Adialytus spp. and the spiders can be useful controlling agents of the whitefly and aphids in cabbage. Median temperature can increase whitefly and thrips populations.

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34

Ruther, Matt, Rebbeca Tesfai, and Janice Madden. "Foreign-born population concentration and neighbourhood growth and development within US metropolitan areas." Urban Studies 55, no. 4 (October 18, 2016): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016672804.

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Immigrant populations are a major driver of growth in many US metropolitan areas, and considerable research has focused on the effects of immigrant populations on neighbourhood outcomes. However, much of this research is based on data from 1990 or earlier, prior to substantial growth in the diversity of the immigrant population and to changes in immigrants’ US settlement patterns. This research uses tract-level data from the 2000 Decennial Census and the 2009–2013 American Community Survey to explore the relationship between an existing immigrant population and future changes in neighbourhood characteristics within the 100 largest US metropolitan areas. Spatial regression models are used to identify the neighbourhood features that predict future proportional growth in a neighbourhood’s foreign-born population. In addition, the associations between a neighbourhood’s initial foreign-born concentration and future neighbourhood relative income and population growth are investigated. Consistent with previous work, our results indicate that foreign-born populations of all races tend to move towards existing immigrant population clusters. All of the immigrant minority racial groups are also attracted to neighbourhoods with existing same-race US-born populations. Overall proportional population growth is positively associated with the initial presence of the white and Asian immigrant population; black and Hispanic immigrant concentrations are associated with proportional population loss. While immigrants do not contribute to neighbourhood relative income growth, a greater presence of immigrants – relative to their US-born co-racial group – is associated with lower rates of neighbourhood relative income decline.

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35

Whisson, Desley A., Richard M. Engeman, and Kellie Collins. "Developing relative abundance techniques (RATs) for monitoring rodent populations." Wildlife Research 32, no. 3 (2005): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03128.

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Accurate density estimates of rodents are frequently difficult or cost-prohibitive to determine. Thus, a number of techniques (track plates, monitoring blocks, chew cards/sticks, apple slice index, trapping) are often used to index rodent populations. Theoretically, the sensitivity of these indexing techniques could be improved if they applied continuous measurements rather than simple binary measurements (presence/absence). Development of a relative abundance technique that is simple to apply and sensitive to changes in population density is critical for the operational management of rodent pests. In addition to providing a quantitative measure of abundance with statistical parameters, an indexing technique that does not require handling of animals is important in consideration of potential disease issues (for example, hantavirus, arenavirus, etc.). We investigated track plates, chew cards and monitoring blocks and associated continuous measurement methods for calculating indices of rodent abundance. In laboratory and field settings, we tested their effectiveness in detecting different population densities of California meadow voles (Microtus californicus). Chew cards were poorly accepted by meadow voles in pen and field tests. However, track plates and monitoring blocks may provide useful tools for indexing meadow vole populations, and have application for other rodent species.

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36

Osborne, WS. "Distribution, Relative Abundance and Conservation Status of Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophrne-Corroboree Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae)." Wildlife Research 16, no. 5 (1989): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890537.

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A survey of the distribution and abundance of the corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree, was carried out over five summers between December 1984 and April 1989. The species has a restricted high-mountain distribution, occurring as three disjunctive populations: Snowy Mountains, Fiery Range and Brindabella Range. The Snowy Mountains and Fiery Range populations are relatively widespread, occupying areas of 400 and 550 km2 respectively. In contrast, the Brindabella Range population is restricted to about 60 km2. The abundance of the Snowy Mountains population has been considerably reduced throughout much of its range, perhaps because of frequent summer drought between 1979 and 1984. Although P. corroboree is rare, its range is largely within conservation reserves, and its relatively broad latitudinal distribution has prevented adverse conditions from affecting all populations. The decline in abundance of the distinctive Snowy Mountains population may be a response to adverse short-term weather, or it may be part of a decline and range contraction over a longer period.

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Burzynski-Chang, Elizabeth A., Imelda Ryona, Bruce I. Reisch, Itay Gonda, Majid R. Foolad, James J. Giovannoni, and Gavin L. Sacks. "HS-SPME-GC-MS Analyses of Volatiles in Plant Populations—Quantitating Compound × Individual Matrix Effects." Molecules 23, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 2436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102436.

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Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is widely employed for volatile analyses of plants, including mapping populations used in plant breeding research. Studies often employ a single internal surrogate standard, even when multiple analytes are measured, with the assumption that any relative changes in matrix effects among individuals would be similar for all compounds, i.e., matrix effects do not show Compound × Individual interactions. We tested this assumption using individuals from two plant populations: an interspecific grape (Vitis spp.) mapping population (n = 140) and a tomato (Solanum spp.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n = 148). Individual plants from the two populations were spiked with a cocktail of internal standards (n = 6, 9, respectively) prior to HS-SPME-GC-MS. Variation in the relative responses of internal standards indicated that Compound × Individual interactions exist but were different between the two populations. For the grape population, relative responses among pairs of internal standards varied considerably among individuals, with a maximum of 249% relative standard deviation (RSD) for the pair of [U13C]hexanal and [U13C]hexanol. However, in the tomato population, relative responses of internal standard pairs varied much less, with pairwise RSDs ranging from 8% to 56%. The approach described in this paper could be used to evaluate the suitability of using surrogate standards for HS-SPME-GC-MS studies in other plant populations.

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Lynch, Gregory S., Jordona D. Kirby, Robert J. Warren, and L. Mike Conner. "Bobcat Spatial Distribution and Habitat Use Relative to Population Reduction." Journal of Wildlife Management 72, no. 1 (January 2008): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-231.

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Andrieu, N., G. Launoy, R. Guillois, C. Ory-Paoletti, and M. Gignoux. "Familial relative risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based study." European Journal of Cancer 39, no. 13 (September 2003): 1904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(03)00420-9.

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Talpur, Muzaffar A., and Rab Dino Khuhro. "Relative Population of Mango Hopper Species on Different Mango Varieties." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 6, no. 2 (November 2003): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1226-8615(08)60184-3.

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Nogueira, Caio Dos Santos, Júlia Fernandes Perroca, Emerson Luiz Piantkoski, Rogerio Caetano da Costa, Fabiano Gazzi Taddei, and Adilson Fransozo. "Relative growth and population dynamics of Macrobrachium iheringi (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59 (March 27, 2019): e20195908. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.08.

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During the ontogenetic development of crustaceans, the relative growth of some structures may change, especially during the transition from juvenile to adult. This study describes the relative growth of body structures of Macrobrachium iheringi, and provides information on its population dynamics, such as structure, fecundity, and morphological sexual maturity. The sampling of M. iheringi was carried out in “Ribeirão da Hortelã”, in Botucatu (SP, Brazil). The length of the carapace (CL), abdomen (AL), and ischium (IL), merus (ML), carpus (CrL), propodus (PpL), and dactyl (DcL) of the second right pereopod were measured. In addition, the width of the second abdominal pleura (PW) and propodus height (PpH) were included in analyses. The relationships that best demonstrated the changes in the allometric coefficient were CL vs PpL in males and females. The CL, in which males and females reach morphological sexual maturity, was estimated as 13.3 mm and 11.1 mm, respectively. The sex-ratio differed from the expected 1:1 and was skewed towards females. Precipitation and temperature influenced the abundance of different demographic classes. Macrobrachium iheringi has few but large eggs, which is expected since this species has an abbreviated larval development. Based on these results, we conclude that the propodus are good indicators of the size at onset of morphological sexual maturity. In addition, important information was obtained on the biology of M. iheringi, including its life cycle pattern, reproduction and influence of abiotic factors.

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ZULMAN, DONNA M., SANDEEP VIJAN, GILBERT S. OMENN, and RODNEY A. HAYWARD. "The Relative Merits of Population-Based and Targeted Prevention Strategies." Milbank Quarterly 86, no. 4 (December 2008): 557–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2008.00534.x.

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Hassan, Kamrul, and Ruhul Salim. "The linkage between relative population growth and purchasing power parity." International Journal of Development Issues 10, no. 2 (July 4, 2011): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14468951111149096.

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Devendran, Anichavezhi, Chakradhara Rao Satyanarayana Uppugunduri, Rajan Sundaram, Deepak Gopal Shewade, Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal, and Adithan Chandrasekaran. "Relative Copy Number Variations of CYP2C19 in South Indian Population." Molecular Biology International 2012 (June 25, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/643856.

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CYP2C19 is a polymorphic enzyme involved in the metabolism of clinically important drugs. Genotype-phenotype association studies of CYP2C19 have reported wide ranges in the metabolic ratios of its substrates. These discrepancies could be attributed to the variations in the promoter region and this aspect has been reported recently. The observations in the recent reports on the influence of promoter region variants on the metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates might also have been influenced by the copy number variations of CYP2C19. In this paper, we describe copy number variations of CYP2C19 using real-time polymerase chain reaction by comparative Ct method. No copy number variations were observed in the south Indian population indicating the observed discrepancies in genotype-phenotype association studies might be due to the regulatory region polymorphisms as reported earlier.

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Isard, Walter, and David F. Bramhall. "REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION FORECASTS VIA RELATIVE INCOME POTENTIAL MODELS." Papers in Regional Science 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1959.tb01663.x.

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Taaffe, Edward J. "REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION FORECASTS VIA RELATIVE INCOME POTENTIAL MODELS." Papers in Regional Science 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1959.tb01664.x.

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Zeng, Fan‐Gang, John J. Galvin, and Evan M. Relkin. "Relative contributions of two neural population responses to intensity coding." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 4 (October 1996): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.416153.

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Brazeau, Chantal M. L. R., Tait Shanafelt, Steven J. Durning, F. Stanford Massie, Anne Eacker, Christine Moutier, Daniel V. Satele, Jeff A. Sloan, and Liselotte N. Dyrbye. "Distress Among Matriculating Medical Students Relative to the General Population." Academic Medicine 89, no. 11 (November 2014): 1520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000482.

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Salois, M., C. Moss, and K. Erickson. "Farm income, population and farmland prices: a relative information approach." European Review of Agricultural Economics 39, no. 2 (July 17, 2011): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbr032.

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Roy, Mili. "Relative prevalence of Aboriginal patients in a Canadian uveitic population." Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 47, no. 2 (April 2012): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.01.026.

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