Journal articles: 'Relative poverty'

1

Nielsen, Lynge. "Global Relative Poverty." IMF Working Papers 09, no. 93 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451872408.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ravallion, Martin, and Shaohua Chen. "Weakly Relative Poverty." Review of Economics and Statistics 93, no. 4 (November 2011): 1251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00127.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mehdi, Tahsin. "Poverty comparisons with common relative poverty lines." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 46, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 2029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2015.1040504.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

SHAW, BEVERLEY. "Poverty: absolute or relative?" Journal of Applied Philosophy 5, no. 1 (March 1988): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1988.tb00226.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Katikireddi, S. Vittal, and Ruth Dundas. "Relative poverty still matters." Lancet Public Health 2, no. 3 (March 2017): e126-e127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30029-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zou, Wei, Xiaopei Cheng, Zengzeng Fan, and Chuhao Lin. "Measuring and Decomposing Relative Poverty in China." Land 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020316.

Full text

Abstract:

Poverty is a critical issue in sustainable development, and the study of poverty has gradually shifted from absolute to relative poverty. This paper measures three types of relative poverty—strongly relative poverty (50% of median income), strongly relative poverty (50% of mean income), and weakly relative poverty. Then this paper decomposes the change of relative poverty into the growth component, redistribution component, and poverty line change component. Further, the intra- and inter-group decompositions of relative poverty change are carried out by considering the urban and rural population mobility components. We apply the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data from 1989 to 2015 for an empirical study. The results show that: (1) In recent years, the change in relative poverty in China has shown a trend of low fluctuation (1989–1997), rising fluctuation (1997–2006), and high fluctuation (2006–2015). (2) In the decomposition of relative poverty change, the growth component has the most excellent effect on alleviating relative poverty, the redistribution component exacerbates the occurrence of relative poverty in most years and reduces it in a few years, and the poverty line change component offsets the poverty reduction effect of the growth component. (3) The change in relative poverty is decomposed by urban and rural sub-groups, and it is found that the population mobility from rural to urban can reduce the national relative poverty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Zheng, Buhong. "Statistical inference for poverty measures with relative poverty lines." Journal of Econometrics 101, no. 2 (April 2001): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4076(00)00088-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Othman, Muhammad Hanif, Zouhair Mohd Rosli, and Mohd Hilal Muhammad. "Multidimensional Poverty: Complementary Measure to Absolute and Relative Poverty." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. IX (2024): 3838–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8090319.

Full text

Abstract:

Poverty is a complex issue that involves more than just income levels, affecting various aspects of life such as health, education, and living conditions. The ongoing discussion about how to measure poverty, whether through absolute or relative terms, reflects the challenges in assessing it. Absolute poverty is based on a set standard that focuses on meeting basic needs for survival, while relative poverty looks at income disparities within a society. This study explores existing research on multidimensional poverty and examines the debate between absolute and relative poverty measures, considering their respective advantages and disadvantages. A notable conclusion from the research is that multidimensional poverty indices (MPIs), like the Multidimensional Poverty Index, provide a broad view of deprivation by including multiple factors. MPIs help policymakers design more targeted interventions in areas such as education, healthcare, and living standards. However, absolute poverty measures, such as the World Bank’s $1.90-per-day threshold, are still essential for tracking extreme poverty in developing nations, offering a clear benchmark for international comparisons. In contrast, relative poverty measures are particularly relevant in wealthier nations, where inequality and social exclusion are more prominent factors in poverty. This study highlights gaps in how these different approaches are integrated and calls for further research to improve models that address both absolute and relative poverty. The findings suggest that combining multidimensional, absolute, and relative poverty measures is important for fully understanding poverty and creating effective strategies to reduce it, adapted to the needs of specific regions and contexts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sallila, Seppo, Heikki Hiilamo, and Reijo Sund. "Rethinking relative measures of poverty." Journal of European Social Policy 16, no. 2 (May 2006): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928706062500.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Charlton, BruceG. "Absolute effects of relative poverty." Lancet 344, no. 8924 (September 1994): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92245-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Anwar, Talat. "Prevalence of Relative Poverty in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 4II (December 1, 2005): 1111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i4iipp.1111-1131.

Full text

Abstract:

Much has been written11about poverty in Pakistan. A large number of attempts have been made by various authors/institutions to estimate the poverty in Pakistan over the last four decades. However, the conceptual basis of poverty remained limited to absolute concept of poverty. The concept of absolute poverty emphasises to estimate the cost of purchasing a minimum ‘basket’ of goods required for human survival. In Pakistan, the discussion has been centered on estimating poverty lines consistent with 2550 or 2350 calorie intake per adult per day as minimum requirement. Thus, absolute definitions of poverty tend to be minimalist and are based on subsistence and the attainment of physical efficiency. Subsistence is concerned with the minimum provision needed to maintain health and working capacity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Zou, Wei, Xiaopei Cheng, Zengzeng Fan, and Wenxi Yin. "Multidimensional Relative Poverty in China: Identification and Decomposition." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 4869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15064869.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to study the change and decomposition of multidimensional relative poverty in China. The data we use are from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The data cover 12 provinces in China and span a long period, from reform to precise poverty alleviation. The results show that the multidimensional relative poverty index presents a change pattern of “gradual rise (1991–2004)-decline (2004–2011)-rise again (after 2011)”. The dimensions of education, income, and employment contribute more to multidimensional relative poverty, followed by health and living standards. Multidimensional relative poverty is more severe in rural areas, central and western regions, women, and the elderly. The “incidence of poverty effect” is the main factor in the changes in multidimensional relative poverty, and its contribution is higher than the “intensity of poverty effect”.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Wu, Benjian, Yiyuan Rong, Xinyu Liang, Haibo Zhu, and Xue Shi. "Can Land Transfer Alleviate Multidimensional Relative Poverty in Rural Areas?" Land 13, no. 11 (October 24, 2024): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13111743.

Full text

Abstract:

After eliminating absolute poverty, China’s anti-poverty efforts have shifted towards multidimensional relative poverty. This study uses microdata from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) from 2012 to 2021, applies the Kakwani index to construct a multidimensional relative poverty indicator, and uses an endogenous transformation model to analyze the impact of land transfer on multidimensional relative poverty in rural areas. The study found that (1) land transfer can effectively reduce the multidimensional relative poverty of farm households. (2) Land transfer has a better mitigating effect on young farmers, farmers with higher literacy levels, and farmers who have not acute poverty. (3) Land transfer alleviates multidimensional relative poverty by increasing agricultural mechanization, business income, off-farm employment, and wage income. (4) The effects of land transfer out and land transfer in on the dimensions of multidimensional relative poverty are heterogeneous.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Preston, Ian. "Sampling Distributions of Relative Poverty Statistics." Applied Statistics 44, no. 1 (1995): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2986197.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Pu, Xiaomei. "Literature Review of Relative Poverty Research." Voice of the Publisher 06, no. 03 (2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/vp.2020.63008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fan, Zengzeng, and Wei Zou. "A Three-Component Decomposition of the Change in Relative Poverty: An Application to China." Land 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010205.

Full text

Abstract:

China has eliminated absolute poverty and begun to tackle relative poverty, yet the change in relative poverty in China has been less studied. In this paper, we develop a three-component decomposition of the change in relative poverty and apply it to analyze the relative poverty in China. The change in relative poverty is decomposed into identification, growth, and redistribution components. We compare the three-component decomposition with other decomposition methods in the existing literature and show the advantages of the former. Our study, using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2010–2018 data, shows that relative poverty is rising. Examining the periods of 2012–2014, 2014–2016, and 2016–2018, we show that the three components differ in their contribution to relative poverty. The identification component rises with income growth and increases relative poverty by 8.42%, 12.19%, and 12.55%, respectively. The growth component reduces the incidence of relative poverty by 8.34%, 11.24%, and 12.18%, respectively. In comparison, the redistribution component increases the incidence of relative poverty by 2.88%, 1.12%, and 6.60%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sun, Hong, Xiaohong Li, Wenjing Li, and Jun Feng. "Differences and Influencing Factors of Relative Poverty of Urban and Rural Residents in China Based on the Survey of 31 Provinces and Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159015.

Full text

Abstract:

China achieved comprehensive poverty eradication under the current standards in 2020, but eliminating absolute poverty does not mean the end of poverty alleviation and reduction; relative poverty will exist for a long time and has become the subject of poverty study. In this paper, the social poverty line (SPL) index is utilized to establish the relative poverty standard, and CHFS2017 is used to compare the regional distribution of relative poverty in China. The results show that the relative poverty in rural areas is more serious than that in urban areas. The rural relative poverty rate in five provinces and cities including Beijing is over 60%, and the rural relative poverty rate in Qinghai is low. The urban relative poverty rate in many provinces and cities of the central and western regions is below 40%, and the relatively high relative poverty rate in the eastern region has drawn attention to the issue of the income distribution. Moreover, a logit model for binary is employed for the influencing factor analysis of the relative poverty of urban and rural residents. The results show that the education year has a negative effect on the relative poverty of urban and rural residents. Happiness has a positive effect on urban residents, government financial expenditure and financial support for agriculture have different effects on rural residents and urban residents. Therefore, we put forward aiming at relative poverty in the rural areas of the central and western regions to reduce financial pressure and increase the benefits of poverty reduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zhang, Yao, and Jianjun Huai. "A Case Study of Farmers’ Behavioral Motivation Mechanisms to Crack the Fractal Multidimensional Relative Poverty Trap in Shaanxi, China." Agriculture 13, no. 11 (October 24, 2023): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13112043.

Full text

Abstract:

China’s approach to addressing rural poverty has evolved from a thorough resolution of absolute poverty to a focus on providing essential support for vulnerable individuals and improving the income and welfare conditions of those who are relatively poor, taking into account multiple dimensions. This study utilizes a dataset consisting of 526 research sets collected from the central region of Shaanxi Province. The research employs structural equation modeling to examine the fractal multidimensional relative poverty trap experienced by farm households. Additionally, the study investigates the behavior motivation mechanism that can potentially alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty trap at the farm household level. The study found that (1) farm households in the central Shaanxi region are caught in a multidimensional relative poverty trap, with education poverty and health poverty having a conduction and amplification effect; health poverty and education poverty amplify employment poverty; and consumption poverty amplifies education poverty and health poverty, and education poverty further amplifies information poverty. (2) Multidimensional relative poverty in farming households creates a self-reinforcing poverty trap, and community relative poverty amplifies the multidimensional poverty trap in farming households. (3) Farmers can overcome the multidimensional relative poverty trap through the behavior motivation mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Liu, Qian, Xinyu Wu, Kaixin Xiao, Xue Xiang, Di Han, and Yan Zhang. "Study on Human Capital Structure Assessment and Relative Poverty Governance." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 16 (August 2, 2023): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v16i.10535.

Full text

Abstract:

China has completed the target task of fully eradicating poverty among the absolute rural poor under the current standards on schedule, and the milestone victory in poverty alleviation means that the focus of poverty alleviation will shift from helping absolute poverty in the past to targeting relative poverty. Human capital is always a fundamental intrinsic factor in alleviating the problem of relative poverty. This paper completes action on the usual policy of shifting the focus of China's poverty alleviation strategy to comparative poverty management, and explores how the optimization of human capital structure affects the alleviation of comparative poverty, and what is its intrinsic influence logic? Using spatial vector theory and coupled synergy model, we construct a model to assess the level of human capital structure from the perspectives of both advanced human capital and high-low skill complementarity, and conduct regression analysis to examine the total effect of human capital structure optimization on relative poverty, and use methods such as mediating effect model to explore its intrinsic influence mechanism in depth, and conduct robustness test to conclude that human capital structure optimization has a positive effect on the alleviation of relative poverty. The results show that the optimization of human capital structure has a positive effect on the alleviation of virtual poverty. This study provides policy suggestions and paths to reduce relative poverty through optimizing human capital structure in the post-poverty era.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Thompson, Brennan S. "Empirical Likelihood-Based Inference for Poverty Measures with Relative Poverty Lines." Econometric Reviews 32, no. 4 (April 2013): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2012.690671.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Moller, Stephanie, David Bradley, Evelyne Huber, Francois Nielsen, and John D. Stephens. "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies." American Sociological Review 68, no. 1 (February 2003): 22–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240306800102.

Full text

Abstract:

Using relative poverty measures based on micro-level data from the Luxembourg Income Study, in conjunction with pooled time-series data for 14 advanced capitalist democracies between 1970 and 1997, the authors analyze separately the rate of pretax/transfer poverty and the reduction in poverty achieved by systems of taxes and transfers. Socioeconomic factors, including de-industrialization and unemployment, largely explain pre-tax/transfer poverty rates of the working-age population in these advanced capitalist democracies. The extent of redistribution (measured as poverty reduction via taxes and transfers) is explained directly by welfare state generosity and constitutional structure (number of veto points) and the strength of the political left, both in unions and in government.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Liu, Jingyi, and Ling Jiang. "Study on Digital Economy for Rural Relative Poverty Governance in Anhui Province." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 9, no. 1 (May 25, 2023): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v9i1.8776.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the 18th Party Congress, the Chinese government has actively promoted anti-poverty strategies and achieved the goal of poverty eradication as scheduled. However, poverty governance is not over, and the problem of relative poverty still exists. By analyzing the development of digital economy and the current situation of rural relative poverty in Anhui Province, this paper further explores the theoretical mechanism of digital economy for rural relative poverty governance. Finally, four measures are proposed: continuously increasing the construction of digital technology infrastructure, developing entrepreneurship support policies, promoting a fair social income distribution system, and actively promoting the urbanization process, so as to establish a long-term poverty alleviation mechanism to address relative poverty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Schefer, Krista Nadakavukaren. "Poverty and Investment Law: Starting the Discussion." Journal of World Investment & Trade 15, no. 5-6 (November 18, 2014): 908–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-01506007.

Full text

Abstract:

Poverty reduction is one of the international community’s highest priorities, but until today, there has been little attention to the impacts of the legal rules of the investment protection regime on poverty and on poverty’s effects on investment law’s goals. This article makes an initial effort to uncover the interactions of poverty and investment protection rules. A particular emphasis is given to the role of relative poverty in this relationship, as laws securing property protection are likely to have different impacts on extreme poverty than they do on inequalities of wealth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Tang, Yonghong, Hui Wang, and Zirong Lin. "Spatial Heterogeneity Effects of Green Finance on Absolute and Relative Poverty." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (April 4, 2023): 6206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076206.

Full text

Abstract:

In light of the growing emphasis on sustainable development, financial poverty alleviation has become an increasingly important strategy. This study explores whether green finance, a new financial tool aimed at achieving sustainable development, can effectively reduce poverty. Using data from 25 provinces in China between 2004 and 2019, the study builds the China Green Financial Development Index, using the improved entropy power method, and uses a spatial econometric model to analyze the linear and non-linear impact of green finance on absolute and relatively poor poverty. The results demonstrate that green finance has a positive impact on poverty reduction, with a more significant impact on rural poverty reduction than urban poverty reduction. Interestingly, non-linear results reveal that the impact of green finance on rural poverty alleviation has gradually weakened, while the impact on urban poverty alleviation has gradually increased. Moreover, the introduction of technological progress as an intermediary variable has revealed an intermediary effect between green finance and poverty reduction. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the link between green finance and poverty and suggests a new approach to poverty alleviation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Slobodenyuk, E. D., and V. A. Anikin. "Locating the “poverty threshold” in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-1-104-127.

Full text

Abstract:

The present paper focuses on identification of relative “poverty line” and a threshold of high poverty risks. The paper also studies key poverty factors in contemporary Russia. It demonstrates that the relative approach to poverty which is widely used in Western countries is applicable in Russia too. However, the relative poverty thresholds set at 0.5 and 0.75 medians per capita family income identify quite different groups of the poor. The threshold of 0.5 median income indicates deep poverty happened mostly to the unemployed workforce. The relative poverty threshold equal to 0.75 median income identifies the poverty of the elderly who are not considered as the poor by the absolute approach because pensions of Russians have been recently equalized to the subsistence level. Above all, the paper provides econometric estimates of socio-economic determinants of both absolute and relative poverty. It was revealed that the relative deep poverty of the working population was primarily caused by “bad” jobs rather than by “bad” human capital. Absolute poverty of workers is more or less determined by both factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yang, Yingya, Liangliang Zhou, Chongmei Zhang, Xin Luo, Yihan Luo, and Wei Wang. "Public Health Services, Health Human Capital, and Relative Poverty of Rural Families." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 11089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711089.

Full text

Abstract:

With the successful completion of the battle against poverty, after 2020, the focus and difficulty of China’s poverty governance will change from solving absolute poverty to alleviating relative poverty. Analyzing and studying the alleviation of relative poverty from the perspective of public health services is in line with the current needs of consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation in China, and it is also of great significance to building a long-term solution mechanism for relative poverty. In this study, basic panel data were constructed by using the data of five CFPS surveys in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 and matched with the macro data. The correlation between public health services and rural households’ relative poverty was also analyzed by using logit regression analysis and the KHB mediation effect decomposition method. The results show that (1) public health services play a significant role in promoting the accumulation of health human capital, improving individual feasible ability, and alleviating the relative poverty of rural families; (2) the improvement of public health services is conducive to the alleviation of the relative poverty of rural families; (3) we should continue to increase investment in public health care in underdeveloped areas and strive to promote the balanced development of public health services, so as to further consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty eradication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Dunn, Andrew. "Relative Poverty, British Social Policy Writing and Public Experience." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000300.

Full text

Abstract:

Relative poverty, a concept developed by left-wing social scientists, categorises as ‘poor’ those who fall seriously behind normal nationwide material standards. This article argues that the widespread view that the word ‘poverty’ means ‘relative poverty’, which in left-dominated social policy academia often extends to implying that those who do not define poverty this way are necessarily misguided, has led to an incomplete portrayal of poorer British people's lived experience. The article examines published empirical work, before presenting findings from British Social Attitudes surveys and interviews with forty unemployed Jobseeker's Allowance claimants and thirty employed people. Both the existing and new findings exposed aspects of public attitudes and experience which resonate with unanswered academic criticisms of defining poverty as relative poverty. These public contributions have tended to be glossed over or treated dismissively by social policy authors, despite them attaching importance to Left-friendly aspects of poorer people's experience and attitudes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zhang, Meiju. "Research on the Construction of Long-term Mechanism of Relative Poverty Governance in Anhui Province." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 3, no. 2 (March 13, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v3i2.245.

Full text

Abstract:

Regional poverty has always been an important problem perplexing the development of human society. The comprehensive analysis of relative poverty is conducive to the further implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy. Based on the analysis of the new characteristics of the relative poverty governance stage in Anhui Province, this paper reflects the relative poverty degree of Anhui Province by measuring the level of economic development. The results show that the counties with high relative poverty degree are mainly distributed in most areas of Northern Anhui, and there are a few areas with potential poverty risk within the region. The counties with low relative poverty degree are mainly distributed in central and southern Anhui. On the basis of combing the practical problems of relative poverty in Anhui Province at the present stage, combined with the actual conditions of regional development, this paper puts forward the construction idea of long-term mechanism for relative poverty governance in Anhui Province, so as to provide reference for gradually realizing regional coordinated development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Lockwood, Victoria S. "Poverty in Paradise: Development and Relative Income Poverty in Rural Tahitian Society." Human Organization 61, no. 3 (September 2002): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.61.3.8pne6jp36h79m725.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Orkoh, Emmanuel, Phillip Frederick Blaauw, and Carike Claassen. "Relative Effects of Income and Consumption Poverty on Time Poverty in Ghana." Social Indicators Research 147, no. 2 (July 17, 2019): 465–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02158-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Preston, Ian. "Corrigendum: Sampling Distributions of Relative Poverty Statistics." Applied Statistics 45, no. 3 (1996): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2986098.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ravallion, Martin, and Shaohua Chen. "Global poverty measurement when relative income matters." Journal of Public Economics 177 (September 2019): 104046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.07.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

NIEMIETZ, KRISTIAN. "Measuring Poverty: Context-Specific but not Relative." Journal of Public Policy 30, no. 3 (November 4, 2010): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x10000103.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPoverty in developed countries is commonly defined in relative terms. It is argued that a relative definition formalises the insight that poverty is a context-specific phenomenon, and that the understanding of what constitutes poverty changes with overall economic development. Yet this article argues that tagging a poverty line to mean or median incomes does not automatically anchor it in its social context. Relative measures rely on the implicit assumptions that social norms are formed at the national level, and that median income earners set social standards. A comparison with studies on ‘Subjective Well-Being’ (SWB) shows that these assumptions are rather arbitrary. At the same time, relative indicators do not take account of changes in the product market structure that disproportionately affect the poor. If low-cost substitutes for expensive items become available, the poor will be relatively more affected than median income earners. Conventional ‘absolute poverty’ indicators will be equally dismissed for not solving these problems either. A combined ‘Consensual Material Deprivation’ and ‘Budget Standard Approach’ indicator will be proposed as a more robust alternative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Thompson, Brennan Scott. "Flat rate taxes and relative poverty measurement." Social Choice and Welfare 38, no. 3 (March 30, 2011): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-011-0537-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Delhausse, Bernard, Axel Luttgens, and Sergio Perelman. "Comparing measures of poverty and relative deprivation." Journal of Population Economics 6, no. 1 (February 1993): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00164340.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Zijian, Cao, and Sheng Lei. "COVID-19, Spatial Social Distance and Relative Poverty Governance." International Business & Economics Studies 5, no. 2 (April 7, 2023): p104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v5n2p104.

Full text

Abstract:

The sudden global outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic at the end of 2019 has caused a huge impact on the world’s economic and social development. It has also brought new challenges to the governance of relative poverty in China. This paper compares the connotation and characteristics of relative poverty, and argues that relative poverty mainly encompasses three levels: income, viability and rights. Starting from the perspective of maintaining spatial social distance, the main strategy to prevent and control the new crown epidemic, the paper explores the inner influence mechanism of relative poverty governance in the prevention and control of the epidemic, and concludes that maintaining spatial social distance has a series of impacts from poverty alleviation, including poor agricultural production and marketing, relatively poor educational facilities, difficult operation of rural scenic spots, hindered non-agricultural employment and work, relocation facing unemployment, and obvious social psychological anxiety. Accordingly, the following measures are proposed to address relative poverty management with digital economy tools as the main orientation: innovate digital production and marketing matching mechanisms, improve online education infrastructure, launch digital cloud tourism dual-line experience, strengthen digital economy employment traction, and cultivate digital social information literacy, etc.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Yu, Wenguang, Guofeng Guan, Yifan Wang, and Qi Wang. "An analysis of the poverty reduction effects on land transfer: Evidence from rural areas in China." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 20, 2024): e0298243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298243.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper develops a multidimensional poverty index (MPI) evaluation system using multiple measures. We use the China Family Panel Study (CFPS) data to build balanced panel data from 2012 to 2018. Employing the probit model to analyze the impact of land transfer on relative poverty incidence, as well as utilizing the two-way fixed effects model and the logit model, we approach the issue from the perspective of multidimensional relative poverty identification. Our study indicates a decrease in relative poverty among rural households since 2012. Nonetheless, the overall incidence of relative poverty among rural households in China remains high at 20.6%, highlighting the severity of this issue in rural China. Moreover, we examine the heterogeneity of the poverty reduction effects of land transfer-in and land transfer-out. Land transfer can significantly reduce the incidence of relative poverty among rural households, with distinct mechanisms for land transfer-in and land transfer-out. Land transfer-in primarily reduces the relative poverty incidence of rural households through the education, housing, and land dimensions, while land transfer-out focuses on the quality-of-life dimension. Overall, land transfer-out has a more significant poverty reduction effect than land transfer-in. Furthermore, our study reveals that the reduction effect of land transfer on the incidence of relative poverty among rural households persists for at least two years, but by the fourth year, this effect disappears.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ravallion, Martin. "On Measuring Global Poverty." Annual Review of Economics 12, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-081919-022924.

Full text

Abstract:

This article critically assesses prevailing measures of global poverty. A welfarist interpretation of global poverty lines is augmented by the idea of normative functionings, the cost of which varies across countries. In this light, current absolute measures are seen to ignore important social effects on welfare, while popular, strongly relative measures ignore absolute levels of living. It is argued that a new hybrid measure is called for, combining absolute and weakly relative measures consistent with how national lines vary across countries. Illustrative calculations indicate that we are seeing a falling incidence of poverty globally over the past 30 years. This is mainly due to lower absolute poverty counts in the developing world. While fewer people are poor by the global absolute standard, more are poor by the country-specific relative standard. The vast bulk of poverty, both absolute and relative, is now found in the developing world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Hick, Rod. "Poverty as Capability Deprivation: Conceptualising and Measuring Poverty in Contemporary Europe." European Journal of Sociology 55, no. 3 (December 2014): 295–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975614000150.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPoverty analysis is in the midst of a multidimensional “turn” due, in part, to the growing awareness of the limitations of relative income measures of poverty. In this paper, we argue that the conceptualisation of poverty remains a neglected aspect of this multidimensional turn to date, and demonstrate that the counter-intuitive results which flow from relative income analyses are not problems of measurement, but are entirely consistent with the conceptualisation of poverty under Peter Townsend’s dominantPoverty as Relative Deprivationframework. In response to these problems we articulate an alternative framework,Poverty as Capability Deprivation, drawing on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and argue that this provides more persuasive explanations as to why some nations have greater poverty than others and why poverty remains a problem even in the richest nations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

LAYTE, RICHARD, BRIAN NOLAN, and CHRISTOPHER T. WHELAN. "Targeting Poverty: Lessons from Monitoring Ireland's National Anti-Poverty Strategy." Journal of Social Policy 29, no. 4 (October 2000): 553–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400006073.

Full text

Abstract:

In 1997 the Irish government adopted the National Anti-Poverty Strategy (NAPS), a global target for the reduction of poverty which illuminates a range of issues relating to official poverty targets. The Irish target is framed in terms of a relative poverty measure incorporating both relative income and direct measures of deprivation based on data on the extent of poverty from 1994. Since 1994 Ireland has experienced an unprecedented period of economic growth that makes it particularly important to assess whether the target has been achieved, but in doing so we cannot avoid asking some underlying questions about how poverty should be measured and monitored over time. After briefly outlining the nature of the NAPS measure, this article examines trends in poverty in Ireland between 1987 and 1997. Results show that the relative income and deprivation components of the NAPS measure reveal differential trends with increasing relative income poverty, but decreasing deprivation. However, this differential could be due to the fact that the direct measures of deprivation upon which NAPS is based have not been updated to take account of changes in real living standards and increasing expectations. To test whether this is so, we examine the extent to which expectations about living standards and the structure of deprivation have changed over time using confirmatory factor analysis and tests of criterion validity using different definitions of deprivation. Results show that the combined income and deprivation measure, as originally constituted, continues to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation resulting from a lack of resources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Huang, Keming, and Fangzhou Xia. "Classification of Rural Relative Poverty Groups and Measurement of the Influence of Land Elements: A Questionnaire-Based Analysis of 23 Poor Counties in China." Land 12, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040918.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2021, China achieved an all-round victory in the fight against poverty and completed the task of eliminating absolute poverty. However, relative poverty will still exist for a long time. According to the degree of relative poverty, this paper divided rural population into four groups, incapability group, vulnerable group, marginal group and non-relative poverty group, to further explore the differences in specific land elements requirements among different groups. Firstly, ten factors were selected as evaluation indexes, including per capita household income, education level, poverty registration situation, employment situation, critical disease situation, natural disaster frequency situation, etc. By extracting 100 relative poverty group evaluation units as samples, the authors established a decision tree for rural relative poverty group evaluation based on an improved ID3 algorithm. Secondly, we quantified the effect of different land elements. Considering the resource, asset and capital function of land, this paper constructed an ordered logistic model with four groups as classification variables. The result showed that: (1) a better condition of land resource endowment leads to a lower degree of rural relative poverty; however, over-reliance on land increases the risk of relative poverty; (2) except for cultivation income and land transfer income, asset value and capital value of rural land are not evident. Suggestions are put forward: use land elements to build a long-term mechanism for rural relative poverty alleviation; improve the quantity, quality and spatial endowment of rural land resources; optimize the rural land property rights and land acquisition system; realize the market-based mechanism for rural land transfer; and implement the policy of Increase and Decrease Connection of Urban and Rural Construction Land.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Qiu, Hailan, Mingrui Feng, Yiming Chi, and Mingzhong Luo. "Agricultural Machinery Socialization Service Adoption, Risks, and Relative Poverty of Farmers." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2023): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091787.

Full text

Abstract:

Agricultural machinery socialization services are an important means of alleviating poverty and promoting agricultural modernization. Based on 2750 items of survey data from farmers in Henan Province, this paper empirically tests the impact and mechanism of agricultural machinery socialization service adoption on the relative poverty of farmers by using a binary logit model and mediation effect model. The results show that the adoption of agricultural machinery socialization services has a significant negative impact on the relative poverty of farmers. The reduction in natural risk plays an intermediary role in the impact of the adoption of agricultural machinery socialization services on the relative poverty of farmers. The size of the household labor force and the land operation scale affect the poverty reduction effect of agricultural machinery socialization services. It can be seen that in the relative poverty governance stage, we should improve the development of the agricultural machinery socialization service system, enhance the risk resistance of farmers, build a supporting system for farmers’ employment skills training, and encourage an orderly connection between the large-scale operation of agricultural land and the large-scale operation of services so as to fully realize the poverty reduction role of agricultural machinery socialization services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chan, Tak Wing. "The dynamics of relative poverty in China in a comparative perspective." Chinese Journal of Sociology 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x211068543.

Full text

Abstract:

I use household panel data to study the dynamics of relative poverty in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Compared to the three Western countries, not only is relative poverty more common in China, it is also deeper and more severe. Transient poverty accounts for less than half of the total poverty in Germany or the US, but about two-thirds of that in China or the UK. Over three waves, 87% of Germans, 78% of Britons, 71% of Americans, but only 46% of Chinese were never poor. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, the determinants of poverty are found to be very similar across the four countries. But the variance explained by that model is much smaller for China than for the three Western countries. The findings of this paper also challenge some existing understanding of poverty dynamics in general.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wu, Huiling, Yuehua Liang, Haowan Zhang, and Shengen Xing. "Research on the Mechanism and Effect of Digital Economy in Reducing Rural Relative Poverty." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 5 (May 23, 2023): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v3i5.5063.

Full text

Abstract:

At present, China's poverty alleviation has achieved some results, but there is still relative poverty in some areas. To build digital villages, we will strengthen the "weak links" in poverty alleviation. Through the construction of multi-dimensional poverty index system, the digital economy has a positive poverty reduction effect, but there is some heterogeneity. In the central and western regions, areas with high level of digital economy development and areas with high level of poverty, the poverty reduction effect of digital economy is more obvious. According to the development of digital economy, we should put forward feasible poverty alleviation methods to improve residents' income level and increase employment opportunities, and strive to explore the path of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Zheng, Ruikun, and Peiyun Li. "A Study on the Measurement of Relative Poverty in Developing Countries with Large Populations." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (July 1, 2024): 5638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135638.

Full text

Abstract:

Under the goal of global poverty eradication, it has become a forward-looking research aim to establish relative poverty criteria and identify people experiencing relative poverty in countries with different demographic characteristics. This paper introduces a new method to measure the relative poverty standard, which is to use the fuzzy decision tree algorithm to objectively estimate the relative poverty standard. The advantage of this algorithm lies in (1) it not only maintaining the regression idea of measuring absolute poverty, but also emphasizing the nonlinearity when the demand is increasing, which can reflect the change in human needs. (2) It overcomes the division of the traditional method which clearly distinguishes between those experiencing poverty and those who are not by means of a subjective threshold, and it also avoids the subjectivity of the selection of multidimensional indicators. (3) It overcomes the problems of data skewness and extreme value issues that traditional methods have, and can exhibit multi-dimensional characteristics. (4) Most importantly, this method can overcome the gap problem caused by the complex population structure in developing countries with huge populations, and is more adaptable under big data conditions than traditional methods. Taking China as an example, using data from the China Household Finance Survey for validation, the validation results show that the relative poverty standard in China in 2019 can be approximately delineated as 5288.5 RMB; this result is higher than the absolute poverty standard line delineated in China in that year, lower than the relative poverty standard line measured using the proportion method, and it can satisfy the average per capita food, tobacco, and alcohol consumption expenditure of Chinese residents in that year. Thus, compared with other methods, the fuzzy decision tree algorithm can better match the identification of relative poverty in developing countries with large populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Su, Yiting, Jing Li, Dongchuan Wang, Jiabao Yue, and Xingguang Yan. "Spatio-Temporal Synergy between Urban Built-Up Areas and Poverty Transformation in Tibet." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148773.

Full text

Abstract:

Understanding the causes of poverty and identifying the transformation characteristics of poverty is the basis for achieving poverty eradication. In order to clarify the availability of construction land for poverty assessment, this paper explores the spatio-temporal synergy between urban built-up areas and poverty transformation in Tibet. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the built-up areas in Tibetan counties have been growing from 2013 to 2019; (2) the proportion of counties with very low and low levels of relative poverty have decreased significantly, and the overall spatial characteristics of poverty are “high in the center and low in the surroundings”; (3) the overall coupling-coordination level between the built-up areas and the relative poverty level is gradually improving from the initial antagonism, and the relative-poverty index shows a significant negative correlation with coupling coordination (correlation coefficient of −0.63); and (4) the built-up area has a strong explanatory power for the spatial distribution of regional relative-poverty transfer compared to temperature, precipitation, elevation, and slope. The results of the study prove that the built-up area cannot be directly used as an indicator factor when constructing the multidimensional relative-poverty model and, instead, should use urban built-up areas by region to participate in poverty-estimation models based on regional economic development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Cheng, Jing, and Xiaobin Yu. "Spatial and temporal differences and convergence analysis of multidimensional relative poverty in ethnic areas." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): e0301679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301679.

Full text

Abstract:

Reducing multidimensional relative poverty is one of the important issues in the current global poverty governance field. This article takes 12 ethnic regions in China as the research object and constructs a multidimensional relative poverty measurement system. The calculated multidimensional relative poverty index is decomposed according to provinces, cities, dimensions, and indicators. Then, the Dagum Gini coefficient and convergence analysis are used to analyze spatiotemporal heterogeneity and convergence characteristics. The results show that the multi-dimensional relative poverty situation of various provinces in ethnic minority areas has improved from 2012 to 2021, among which Tibet province is the most serious and Shaanxi is the best. According to the analysis of convergence, it was observed that there is no σ-convergence of multidimensional relative poverty in ethnic areas in general, and there is absolute β-convergence in general and in the southwest and northwest regions, and there is no absolute β-convergence in the northeast region. Based on this, policy recommendations for reducing multidimensional relative poverty are proposed at the end of the article. Compared with previous studies, this article focuses on ethnic regions that are easily overlooked. Starting from the dimensions of economy, social development, and ecological environment, the poverty measurement system has been enriched.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Mehdi, Tahsin. "Testing for Stochastic Dominance up to a Common Relative Poverty Line." Econometrics 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8010005.

Full text

Abstract:

Although a wide array of stochastic dominance tests exist for poverty measurement and identification, they assume the income distributions have independent poverty lines or a common absolute (fixed) poverty line. We propose a stochastic dominance test for comparing income distributions up to a common relative poverty line (i.e., some fraction of the pooled median). A Monte Carlo study demonstrates its superior performance over existing methods in terms of power. The test is then applied to some Canadian household survey data for illustration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gu, Zexian, Xiaoqing Zhao, Pei Huang, Junwei Pu, Xinyu Shi, and Yungang Li. "Identification of Multi-Dimensional Relative Poverty and Governance Path at the Village Scale in an Alpine-Gorge Region: A Case Study in Nujiang, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021286.

Full text

Abstract:

Absolute poverty has historically been solved in China, and the focus on poor areas has shifted to addressing relative poverty. To realize the organic combination of the rural revitalization strategy and relative poverty governance, multi-dimensional relative poverty identification and governance path research at the village scale in an alpine-gorge region is required. For this study, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture’s research area in a typical alpine-gorge was chosen. This paper constructed an evaluation index system for the rural regional system based on location conditions, ecological environment, productive resources, economic base, and public service, based on the theory of multi-dimensional regional poverty and the human–land relationship. The level of poverty, types of poverty, and spatial distribution characteristics of 255 administrative villages were systematically analyzed, and poverty governance paths were proposed. The results show that: (1) There were 215 multi-dimensional relative poverty villages in Nujiang Prefecture, accounting for 84.31% of the total. The relatively poor villages with poverty grades I and II, which are classified as mild poverty, account for 77.21% of all poor villages; this demonstrated that the relatively poor villages in Nujiang Prefecture had a high potential for poverty alleviation. (2) There are 19 different types of constraints in poor villages. Grades III and IV poor villages were mostly found in high-altitude areas. The economic foundation was very weak, the infrastructure was imperfect, the land use type was relatively single, and traffic conditions were relatively backward. (3) The priority model accounted for 16.67% of relative poverty governance, the steady improvement accounted for 28.79%, and key support accounted for 54.54%. Relative poverty governance paths for various counties have been proposed, including rural revitalization priority demonstration, ecological environment governance, eco-tourism, modern agriculture + mountain agroforestry, and improved people’s livelihood and well-being. The findings provided scientific support and direction for future research on the mode and course of relative poverty governance in poor villages in the alpine-gorge area, as well as the rural revitalization strategy’s implementation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Luan, Tian, and Xiaoyan Liu. "An Empirical Study Based on the Impact of Smart Sensor System on Rural Relative Poverty." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (December 29, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3635382.

Full text

Abstract:

Solving the problem of rural poverty is a difficult problem for the country to enter a well-off society in an all-round way. Therefore, this paper conducts an experimental analysis based on the impact of smart sensor systems on the relative poverty in rural areas. This article is aimed at studying the related factors of rural poverty and improving relative poverty in rural areas. In this regard, this article proposes an intelligent processing function based on smart sensors. Multiple sensors work together to process relatively complex things. Then, through the experimental analysis of GH efficiency, the data collected in the experimental area is used as the data. Combining the Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient analysis to determine the influencing factors of rural relative poverty. This article also selected 10 areas for experimentation. The experimental results show that the proportion of middle school education from 2014 to 2020 is between 24.3% and 34%, and the number of poor people has also declined, indicating that education level is a factor affecting rural poverty. Therefore, based on the intelligent sensor system, the factors of relative poverty in rural areas can be found, and related measures can be analyzed. By implementing the rural poverty alleviation strategy, the relative poverty situation in rural areas can be effectively improved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Relative poverty'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles