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Books on the topic 'Relative response factor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Varra, Lucia, ed. Le case per ferie: valori, funzioni e processi per un servizio differenziato e di qualità. Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-094-5.

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The research aims to analyse the concept of the 'holiday home' in Italy, a phenomenon that is not very well known and not given sufficient visibility in the tourism sector. The objective is to grasp the role and the degree of response that the holiday homes can offer in order to consolidate a genuinely social and sustainable tourism, which is the specific feature of the Associazione di Promozione Sociale Santa Lucia. The holiday homes represent an efficacious response to the emerging motivations for travel and a new sensitivity towards social and sustainable tourism. The growing opportunities

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L, Spitzer Hugh, ed. Receptor-mediated biological processess: Implications forevaluating carcinogenesis : proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, held in Austin, Texas, on December 8-11, 1992. Wiley-Liss, 1994.

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3

National Center for Environmental Assessment (Cincinnati, Ohio), ed. Developing relative potency factors for pesticide mixtures: Biostatistical analyses of joint dose-response. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003.

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4

Meyrier, Alain, and Patrick Niaudet. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0057_update_001.

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Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) causes nephrotic syndrome and by definition is not caused by any of the known causes of podocyte toxicity or focal segmental sclerosis such as viral infections or toxins. A number of genetic causes of FSGS are commonly diagnosed in early childhood. Other causes of segmental scarring need to be distinguished. Genotypes in APOL1 of African origin are associated with higher incidence of FSGS and poorer responses to treatment. Cellular and collapsing FSGS are variants of FSGS in which there is overt acute podocytopathy and they have a relatively po

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Johnston, Michael V. Coffin-Lowry Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0057.

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Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a relatively rare (1:50,000-100,000 incidence) sex-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that includes severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic features including facial and digital abnormalities, growth retardation, and skeletal changes. Most cases are sporadic with only 20% to 30% of cases having an additional family member. CLS is caused by variable loss of function mutations in the RPS6KA3 gene that maps to Xp22.2 and codes for the hRSK2 S6 kinase that phosphorylates the transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) as well as other nuclear

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Odds, Frank C. Pathogenesis of fungal disease. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0008.

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The pathogenesis of fungal disease involves an interplay between fungal virulence factors and host immune responses. Most fungal pathogens are opportunists that preferentially invade hosts with immune defects, but the fact that relative pathogenicity varies between fungal species (and even between different strains within a species) is evidence that fungi have evolved multiple, different molecular virulence factors. Experiments in which genes encoding putative virulence attributes are specifically disrupted and the resulting mutants are tested for virulence in a range of vertebrate and inverte

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Franko, William W., and Christopher Witko. State Responses to Federal Inaction and Growing Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671013.003.0006.

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In this chapter the authors return to aggregate data to examine how the state minimum wage has responded to a growing awareness of inequality and other state political factors. The minimum wage was initially pursued by the states a number of years before the federal government adopted a minimum wage in the 1930s. However, the minimum wage law is still jointly controlled by the states and the federal government, allowing us to directly examine how federal inaction in raising the minimum wage spurs state minimum wage increases. The results show that federal inaction, a public awareness of growin

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Gardam, Judith. A Gender Aware Approach to Legal and Policy Strategies for Achieving Access to Modern Energy Services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0010.

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This book chapter first outlines the facts in relation to energy and poverty globally, with a particular emphasis on the sub-Saharan Africa region. Secondly, the impact of gender on how energy poverty is experienced is explained. Then it considers the growing recognition in international, regional, and national initiatives of the link between access to modern energy services, women, and poverty and what legal and policy strategies have been adopted in response. Finally, the chapter provides some thoughts on possible future responses to improving the prevailing situation and the obstacles that

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Ebobrah, Solomon T. The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795582.003.0004.

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This chapter examines whether the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice (ECCJ or Court), as an international court operating in the West African region with its peculiar sociopolitical and economic context, enjoys any form or degree of actual authority in any of its main functions. The ECCJ’s two contrasting epochs represent a variation in the authority of the Court. Whereas under its 1991 Protocol, the Court enjoyed limited de jure authority with little potential for growing its de facto authority, the 2005 Supplementary Protocol introduced expansions that increased the potential for enhanced de

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Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Family-Based Selection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0021.

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A number of selection schemes (especially in plant breeding) are based on using family information. Individuals may be chosen based on the mean of their families (among-family selection), on their standing within their family (either strict within-family selection or family-deviations selection), or on some weighted combination of these two factors (family index selection). This chapter reviews the general theory of response in such settings and examines the relative effectiveness of a number of different family-based selection decisions.

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Stuart, Philip E., Lam C. Tsoi, Caely A. Hambro, and James T. Elder. Genetics of psoriasis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0005.

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Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) characterized by skin inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, increased risk of arthritis, and cardiovascular morbidity. Substantial evidence indicates that psoriasis is driven by abnormal interactions between cells of the innate and adaptive host defence systems, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and T-cells, resulting in a dysregulated immune response and markedly increased epidermal proliferation. The precise aetiology of psoriasis remains unknown. Here, we review how innate and adaptive host defence responses are regulated by

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Levesque, Roger J. R. Empirical Assessments of Legal Doctrine Responding to School Segregation and Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633639.003.0004.

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The utility of empirical findings rests on the relevant legal disputes and the interpretive mechanisms that will lead to their resolution. These determinative factors are at play in the legal system’s responses to racial/ethnic status. This chapter evaluates empirical evidence addressing the two fundamental approaches to segregation and diversity: anti-classification (resisting differential treatment) and anti-subjugation (permitting differential treatment). It addresses them in the context of schooling. The investigation reveals striking findings relating to the support of these major approac

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Stoddard, Frederick J., and Robert L. Sheridan. Wound Healing and Depression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603342.003.0009.

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Depression and wound healing are bidirectional processes for adults and children consistent with the conception of depression as systemic. This systemic interaction is similar to the “bidirectional impact of mood disorder on risk for development, progression, treatment, and outcomes of medical illness” generally. And, evidence is growing that the bidirectional impact of mood disorder may be true for injuries and for trauma surgery. Animal models have provided some support that treatment of depression may improve wound healing. An established biological model for a mechanism delaying wound heal

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Ashenhurst, James R., and Kim Fromme. Alcohol Use and Consequences Across Developmental Transitions During College and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0015.

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Alcohol use generally peaks during emerging adulthood, which resides between adolescence and adulthood. For many, this period is also marked by participation in higher education, and college campuses are well-known environments of high-risk drinking. This chapter highlights trajectory groups of heavy episodic drinking and reviews well-studied risk factors for and consequences of alcohol use. Risk factors highlighted include demographics, peer norms, parental awareness and caring, academic motives, personality, and subjective response to alcohol. Those at greatest risk are men, those with great

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Heisel, Marnin J., and Paul R. Duberstein. Working Sensitively and Effectively to Reduce Suicide Risk Among Older Adults. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.25.

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Suicide is a uniquely human phenomenon, necessitating a human response. Suicide disproportionately claims the lives of older adults, and men in particular. Effective clinical practice with at-risk older adults requires sensitivity to contributing developmental, intrapersonal, social, and existential factors. Whereas the presence of suicide thoughts and behavior may be conceptualized as potential signs of an incipient mental health emergency, demanding quick and decisive action, working clinically with at-risk older adults nevertheless extends temporally beyond moments of behavioral crisis and

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Doherty, Anne. The biological basis of adjustment disorders (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786214.003.0005.

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The biological basis of adjustment disorders examines the evidence for the biological factors associated with this common diagnosis. Although adjustment disorder is usually characterized as a disorder of psychological adjustment to life stressors, and while it shares overlapping psychopathology with both normal stress response and with major depression, there is evidence that the diagnosis may have pathophysiological characteristics that distinguish it from both. This chapter explores the evidence supporting underlying theories derived from diverse fields including genetics, neuroimaging, and

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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 63-Year-Old Male with Severe Flaccid Weakness Post Motor Vehicle Accident. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0009.

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Neuromuscular disorders are important causes of newly acquired weakness in the intensive care unit. Although evaluation usually begins with physical examination findings, these can be compromised in the intensive care unit environment. Therefore, electrodiagnostic study becomes even more important as a tool in localizing weakness to nerve, muscle or neuromuscular junction. Critical illness neuropathy and myopathy occurs in the setting of sepsis and multiple organ failure where sepsis is accompanied by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Additional, intensive care unit-specific risk fa

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Gibbons, Frederick X., and Michelle L. Stock. Perceived Racial Discrimination and Health Behavior: Mediation and Moderation. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.17.

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Research has documented a strong link between perceived racial discrimination and various health outcomes among African Americans. These outcomes include health status and health-relevant behavior. This chapter focuses on the relation between the stress associated with perceived racial discrimination and health-risk behavior, primarily substance use and abuse. The chapter examines a variety of factors thought to mediate this relation, the two primary ones being negative affect and self-control. Research has shown that discrimination has an impact on both factors, and these in turn directly aff

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Harkness, Kate L., and Elizabeth P. Hayden, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190681777.001.0001.

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This handbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the science of stress and mental health. Topics covered include assessment issues, the role of stress in various mental disorders, developmental influences and individual difference factors that predict reactivity to stress, and treatment of stress-related mental health problems. Decades of research have unequivocally shown that life stress is a central factor in the onset and course of almost every psychiatric disorder. However, the processes by which stress influences mental health are complex, and integration of the diverse biol

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Walsh, Richard A. “It Has to Be Functional!”. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0026.

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The paroxysmal dyskinesias are a heterogeneous group of rare movement disorders, characterized by the abrupt onset of involuntary hyperkinetic movements with or without trigger factors and of variable duration. Interictal periods are marked by relative normality, although there is evidence for an association between some genotypes and migraine, episodic ataxia, and seizure disorders. Three genes have been identified that are associated with the three most common syndromes; however, these do not account for some cases with an otherwise typical history. The clinical phenotype continues to evolve

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Gert, Joshua. Color Primitivism and Neo-pragmatism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785910.003.0003.

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This chapter responds to criticisms raised by Jonathan Cohen, on behalf of reductionists, to the Benacerraf-style argument for color primitivism offered in Chapter One. The response stresses the fact that the argument for primitivism is perfectly consistent with the idea that some ostensively taught terms—terms for natural kinds, for example—refer to properties that have hidden essences that are the business of empirical science to determine. In this way, the Benacerraf-style argument is perfectly consistent with the idea that water is identical to H2O. The chapter also presents in much more d

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Newman, Judith H. Confessing in Exile. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190212216.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 contrasts the role of the confessional prayers in Daniel 9 and Baruch 1:15–3:8 in relation to the Jeremiah tradition and textual production. Daniel receives revelatory visions in response to his prayer, but the confession plays no role in ending the exile. The narrative line of Baruch makes him the “first” to institutionalize confession as a practice, five years into the exile. The chapter argues that the ongoing practice of confession and the integration of scripturalized confessions in evolving textual traditions were decisive factors in how the text of what might be called “Jeremi

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Brunelle, Sarah, Ipsit V. Vahia, and Dilip V. Jeste. Late-onset schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0046.

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Although schizophrenia with onset in middle or late-life is a relatively uncommon, a considerable proportion of patients do experience the first manifestations of the disease after the age of forty. The current nomenclature utilizes terminology based on age at onset: late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) for illness with onset between ages 40 and 60, and very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) for onset after age 60. Recent evidence suggests more similarities than differences in epidemiology, etiology or risk factors and clinical presentation between these clinical entities, although a

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Rolfe, Meredith, and Stephanie Chan. Voting and Political Participation. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.15.

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This chapter reviews the current literature’s findings on how political and social interactions shape voter turnout and other forms of political participation. Current studies, which use a wide range of methodological approaches, from natural experiments and surveys to mathematical modeling, have demonstrated that political networks are a crucial component of any analysis of political behavior. Debates over the potentially negative impact of political disagreement on participation have differentiated the negative impact of political isolation from the neutral impact of heterogenous political d

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Sytsma, David S. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274870.003.0008.

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This chapter summarizes the findings of the book and briefly discusses how Baxter’s relation to mechanical philosophy relates to later nonconformist and Puritan tradition. Although Baxter’s response to mechanical philosophy included Cartesianism, he gave greater weight to Pierre Gassendi’s Christian Epicureanism than theologians in the Netherlands, and this fact points to the importance of Gassendi’s philosophy in seventeenth-century England. Baxter’s negative response to the philosophy of Descartes and Gassendi points to an important discontinuity in early modern Puritanism and nonconformity.

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Stoddard Jr., Frederick J., Robert J. Ursano, and Stephen J. Cozza. Population Trauma. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0010.

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This chapter reviews trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRDs) as they relate to disaster, defined by the World Health Organization as “a severe disruption, ecological and psychosocial, which greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the affected community.” Some are human-made such as a terrorist event or shooting, while others are due to natural events such as earthquake or hurricane. Humanitarian emergencies are also a class of disasters. Since most but not all people and communities are resilient, the prevalence of TSRDs after disaster and what interventions are optimal is highly relevan

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Stark, Alastair. Failing to Learn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831990.003.0001.

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This chapter provides the reader with an introduction to the book’s fundamentals. It begins with a challenge to the conventional view that public inquiries are ineffective, which stresses that inquiry scholarship has simply not been rigorous enough to justify that position. The book’s response to that lack of rigour, in the form of its research design and theoretical framework, is then set out and justified. Thereafter three outputs are summarized as the book’s main contributions. First, an updated conceptual account of what the public inquiry is in relation to contemporary public policy and g

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Dancy, Jonathan. How Practical Reasoning Is Possible. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805441.003.0003.

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This chapter asks whether action can stand in much the same relation (or relations) to the considerations adduced in reasoning as can belief, and suggests that the answer is going to be yes. It considers the nature of the favouring relation, which will be central to the book’s overall approach. The relation is a tripartite one with three places in it, one for that which favours, one for the agent, and one for the response that is favoured. It argues that only matters of fact can favour anything; propositions are incapable of this feat. But it allows, or rather insists, that no particular actio

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Johnsen, Bredo. Mainstream Epistemology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190662776.003.0006.

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Here the author discusses the relationship between Hume and foundationalism, coherentism, and infinitism, the three responses to Agrippa’s trilemma. What those theories share is the traditional, commonsense and anti-Humean idea that our theories are justified to the extent that they are probable relative to the fact that they (or we) meet various conditions specified by those theories. The author goes on to discuss Ernest Sosa’s version of virtue theory, and Robert Nozick’s distinctive theory of knowledge. Finally, the author argues that the concept of knowledge is of no epistemological intere

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Newman, Edward, and Eamon Aloyo. Overcoming the Paradox of Conflict Prevention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0003.

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Progress in conflict prevention depends upon a better understanding of the underlying circumstances that give rise to violent conflict and mass atrocities, and of the warning signs that a crisis is imminent. While a substantial amount of empirical research on the driving forces of conflict exists, its policy implications must be exploited more effectively, so that the enabling conditions for violence can be addressed before it occurs. Violence prevention involves a range of social, economic, and political factors; the chapter highlights challenges—many of them international—relating to depriva

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Cawvey, Matthew, Matthew Hayes, Damarys Canache, and Jeffery J. Mondak. Biological and Psychological Influences on Interpersonal and Political Trust. Edited by Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.11.

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Levels of interpersonal and political trust undoubtedly ebb and flow in response to external stimuli. Despite the variability in one’s environment, there is good reason to believe that interpersonal and political trust also originate from individual characteristics. In this chapter, we focus on the impact of biology and personality on trust. Biological factors and personality traits constitute relatively stable individual differences that influence perceptions, evaluations, and orientations toward the social and political world. Research on trust has examined both of these influences, and we r

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Appelbaum, Kenneth L. Self-injurious behaviors. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0049.

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One of the most challenging management challenges in correctional settings is self-injurious behavior (SIB). Often, the motivations, demographics, and characteristics are distinct from SIB found in the community. In community samples, about 4% of adults report a history of SIB with no significant gender differences in rate. Despite its serious consequences in jails and prisons, reliable data on self-injury in those settings remains sparse. A survey of the 51 state and federal directors of correctional mental health services in the United States found that less than 2% of inmates per year self-

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Brüne, Martin, and Wulf Schiefenhövel, eds. Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198789666.001.0001.

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Medicine is grounded in the natural sciences, among which biology stands out with regard to the understanding of human physiology and conditions that cause dysfunction. Ironically, evolutionary biology is a relatively disregarded field. One reason for this omission is that evolution is deemed a slow process. Indeed, macroanatomical features of our species have changed very little in the last 300,000 years. A more detailed look, however, reveals that novel ecological contingencies, partly in relation to cultural evolution, have brought about subtle changes pertaining to metabolism and immunolog

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Arden, Nigel, and Terence O’Neill. Intra-articular injection therapy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0032.

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Intra-articular injection therapy is widely used in the management of osteoarthritis (OA). It has advantages over oral therapy in that it can provide targeted therapy to individual joint sites and at higher dose than could be achieved through oral administration and with fewer adverse effects. Intra-articular steroid therapy, the most widely used intra-articular therapy, is safe and effective in the short term particularly at the knee; though more studies are needed to better characterize the longer-term benefit. The role of intra-articular hyaluronic acid in clinical management of OA is less

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Matsaganis, Manos. The Impact of the Great Recession on Child Poverty in Greece. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797968.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the impact of the crisis (and of policy responses) on children in Greece. The Great Recession has been far more painful and protracted in that country than elsewhere. While some of its effects on children will take years to unfold, others are visible already. The very fact that the economic crisis was allowed to become a social emergency in the first place implies that policy responses failed to rise to the occasion. The reasons for that failure are to be found in the ‘politics of welfare retrenchment’. Defenders of the status quo, from trade unions to professional assoc

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Bebbington, Anthony, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, et al. Mining, Political Settlements, and Inclusive Development in Peru. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0002.

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This chapter examines how political factors have influenced mineral extraction, governance, and development in Peru since the late nineteenth century. It argues that the legacies of the past have weighed heavily in contemporary governance, but also points to periods in which shifting political alliances and agency aimed to alter past legacies and introduce positive institutional change. The chapter identifies three periods with distinct and relatively stable arrangements for the distribution of power. For the most recent, post-2000 period, it discusses how government responses to social confli

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Gugerty, Mary Kay, and Dean Karlan. The CART Principles for Impact Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199366088.003.0006.

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The CART principles are essential for designing a right-fit impact evaluation. This chapter explains what it means to conduct credible, actionable, responsible, and transportable impact evaluation. To ensure that impact evaluations follow the CART principles, organizations ought to strive for bias-free data collection and analysis. Bias (systematic error that favors one measure over another) may come from the way data are collected (question wording influences responses), or the way they are analyzed (e.g., influence of external factors or how people are selected into programs). In many cases,

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Textor, Mark. The Structure of Enjoyment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685479.003.0011.

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If the objects of enjoyment are activities such as listening, isn’t enjoyment a higher-order mental act? If it is, how can this be squared with Brentano’s (plausible) claims that we take sensory pleasure in physical phenomena? In response to these questions I develop Brentano’s same-order view of enjoyment. Brentano conceptualizes the fact that neither enjoyment nor enjoyed activity are attended to with his notion of a secondary object: both smelling and enjoyment are secondary objects of the act. The question of whether Brentano had two different views of enjoyment, first one that allows for

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Schillemans, Thomas, and Jon Pierre, eds. Media and Governance. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341437.001.0001.

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First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics, this updated volume explores the intersections between governance and media in western democracies, which have undergone profound recent changes. Many governmental powers have been shifted toward a host of network parties such as NGOs, state enterprises, international organizations, autonomous agencies, and local governments. Governments have developed complex networks for service delivery and they have a strategic interest in the news media as an arena where their interests can be served and threatened. How do the media relate to an

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Lloyd, Sarah. ‘The Wretch of To-day, may be happy To-morrow’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748267.003.0010.

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This chapter explores what we can know about the conceptualization and representation of by poorer Britons. It draws on ‘pauper letters’ to parish authorities, written tactically, and on autobiographies and letters composed by the relatively poor, noting echoes of the characterization of happiness by elite social commentators. It draws attention to a growing interest (linked to the development of the concept of nostalgia) in the emotional charge that could be derived from reflection on emotional experience as people contrasted past happiness with present misery, or vice versa. While reading su

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Cui, Zhao, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0074_update_001.

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Individuals appear to be predisposed to antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease by carrying a predisposing human leucocyte antigen type, DRB1*1501 being identified as the highest risk factor, and there are likely to be other predisposing genes or influences on top of which a relatively rare ‘second hit’ leads to the development of autoimmunity. In anti-GBM disease this appears to have a self-perpetuating, accelerating component, that may be to do with antibodies and altered antigen presentation. Lymphocyte depletion may also predispose to the disease. A number of second hits have b

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Hutson, Mike. Assessment and management. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0011.

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Individuals undertaking exercise include those engaged in aerobic activities as part of a healthy lifestyle, those engaged in an active fitness or rehabilitation programme relevant to acute or chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, and musculoskeletal disorders, and the committed competitive athlete with high performance targets. Accordingly, those injured as a consequence of exercise or sport attend medical practitioners in diverse circumstances. Urgency of assessment of the full impact of injury clearly varies across the spectrum from the life-threatening si

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Eleftheriou, Despina, and Paul A. Brogan. Paediatric vasculitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0136.

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Systemic vasculitis is characterized by blood vessel inflammation which may lead to tissue injury from vascular stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, and/or rupture. Apart from relatively common vasculitides such as Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and Kawasaki's disease (KD), most of the primary vasculitic syndromes are rare in childhood, but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. New classification criteria for childhood vasculitis have recently been proposed and validated. The cause of most vasculitides is unknown, although it is likely that a complex interaction between environmen

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Spitzer, Hugh L., and Thomas J. Slaga. Receptor-Medicated Biological Processes: Implications for Evaluating Carcinogenesis. Wiley-Liss, 1994.

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Koinova, Maria. Diaspora Entrepreneurs and Contested States. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848622.001.0001.

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Why do conflict-generated diasporas mobilize in contentious and non-contentious ways or use mixed strategies of contention? Why do they channel their homeland-oriented goals through host-states, transnational networks, and international organizations? This book develops a theory of socio-spatial positionality and its implications for the individual agency of diaspora entrepreneurs, moving beyond essentialized notions of diasporas as groups. Individual diaspora entrepreneurs operate in transnational social fields affecting their mobilizations beyond dynamics confined to host-states and original

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Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0015.

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The final chapter summarizes the material covered by the book, offering our perspectives on areas of consent, disagreement, and future research. The book analyzes how consumers respond to changes in their economic environment and react to risks they face during the life cycle. In addressing these issues, the basic life-cycle permanent-income model is augmented with other significant features of consumers’ preferences and environment: precautionary motives for saving, borrowing constraints, life span uncertainty, intergenerational transfers, non-separability between consumption and leisure, hab

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Brunner, Ronald D., and Amanda H. Lynch. Adaptive Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.601.

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Adaptive governance is defined by a focus on decentralized decision-making structures and procedurally rational policy, supported by intensive natural and social science. Decentralized decision-making structures allow a large, complex problem like global climate change to be factored into many smaller problems, each more tractable for policy and scientific purposes. Many smaller problems can be addressed separately and concurrently by smaller communities. Procedurally rational policy in each community is an adaptation to profound uncertainties, inherent in complex systems and cognitive constra

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Brown, Katie. Writing and the Revolution. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786942197.001.0001.

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In contrast to recent theories of the ‘global’ or ‘post-national’ Latin American novel, this book reveals the enduring importance of the national in contemporary Venezuelan fiction, arguing that the novels studied respond to both the nationalist and populist cultural policies of the Bolivarian Revolution and Venezuela’s literary isolation. The latter results from factors including the legacy of the Boom and historically low levels of emigration from Venezuela. Grounded in theories of metafiction and intertextuality, the book provides a close reading of eight novels published between 2004 (the

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Groothoff, Jaap W. Primary Hyperoxaluria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0065.

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Primary hyperoxalurias (PH) are rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorders characterized by an increased endogenous oxalate production which leads to the development of urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and ultimately to renal failure.PH patients with severe renal failure develop life-threatening systemic oxalosis, which affects many organs such as bone, skin, retina, myocardium, vessel walls, and the central nervous system. So far, combined or sequential liver-kidney transplantation is the only therapeutic option for patients with advanced disease. Contrary to the former impression of a relat

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Maeseele, Pieter, and Yves Pepermans. Ideology in Climate Change Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.578.

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The idea of climate change inspires and reinforces disagreements at all levels of society. Climate change’s integration into public life suggests that there is no evident way of framing and tackling the phenomenon. This brings forward important questions regarding the role of ideology in mediated public discourse on climate change. The existing research literature shows that five ideological filters need to be taken into account to understand the myriad ways in which ideology plays a role in the production, representation, and reception of climate change in (news and entertainment) media: (i)

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