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Journal articles on the topic 'Relativistic compact objects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mizuno, Yosuke. "GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs." Universe 8, no. 2 (2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8020085.

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Relativistic jets are collimated plasma outflows with relativistic speeds. Astrophysical objects involving relativistic jets are a system comprising a compact object such as a black hole, surrounded by rotating accretion flows, with the relativistic jets produced near the central compact object. The most accepted models explaining the origin of relativistic jets involve magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes. Over the past few decades, many general relativistic MHD (GRMHD) codes have been developed and applied to model relativistic jet formation in various conditions. This short review provides a

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2

Paul, Bikash Chandra, and Rumi Deb. "Relativistic solutions of anisotropic compact objects." Astrophysics and Space Science 354, no. 2 (2014): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-014-2097-2.

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Mak, M. K., and T. Harko. "Relativistic compact objects in isotropic coordinates." Pramana 65, no. 2 (2005): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02898610.

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Mitra, Abhas, and Krishna Kumar Singh. "Thermal Radiation from Compact Objects in Curved Space-Time." Universe 8, no. 10 (2022): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8100504.

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We highlight here the fact that the distantly observed luminosity of a spherically symmetric compact star radiating thermal radiation isotropically is higher by a factor of (1+zb)2 compared to the corresponding flat space-time case, where zb is the surface gravitational redshift of the compact star. In particular, we emphasize that if the thermal radiation is indeed emitted isotropically along the respective normal directions at each point, this factor of increment (1+zb)2 remains unchanged even if the compact object would lie within its photon sphere. Since a canonical neutron star has zb≈0.1

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Gallo, Emanuel, and Osvaldo M. Moreschi. "Modeling the dynamics of black holes through balanced equations of motion." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 16, no. 03 (2019): 1950034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887819500348.

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We present a general approach for the formulation of equations of motion for astrophysical compact objects in general relativistic theories. The objects are modeled as relativistic particles, which are assumed to be moving in a geometric background which in turn is asymptotically flat. The background can be affected by the compact object; so that our approach can be applied to binary systems; by concentrating on the main contributions coming from back reaction effects due to gravitational radiation. Our premises are different from the traditional post-Newtonian and self-force approaches since

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CHATTOPADHYAY, PRADIP KUMAR, RUMI DEB, and BIKASH CHANDRA PAUL. "RELATIVISTIC SOLUTION FOR A CLASS OF STATIC COMPACT CHARGED STAR IN PSEUDO-SPHEROIDAL SPACETIME." International Journal of Modern Physics D 21, no. 08 (2012): 1250071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181250071x.

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Considering Vaidya–Tikekar metric, we obtain a class of solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell equations for a charged static fluid sphere. The physical 3-space (t = const. ) here is described by pseudo-spheroidal geometry. The relativistic solution for the theory is used to obtain models for charged compact objects; thereafter, a qualitative analysis of the physical aspects of compact objects are studied. The dependence of some of the properties of a superdense star on the parameters of the three geometry is explored. We note that the spheroidicity parameter a plays an important role for determini

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EKŞİ, Kazım Yavuz. "Neutron stars: compact objects with relativistic gravity." TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 40 (2016): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/fiz-1510-11.

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Modrekiladze, Beka, Ira Z. Rothstein, and Jordan Wilson-Gerow. "On the motion of compact objects in relativistic viscous fluids." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2025, no. 04 (2025): 014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/04/014.

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Abstract We present a world-line effective field theory of compact objects moving relativistically through a viscous fluid. The theory is valid when velocity gradients are small compared to the inverse size of the object. Working within the EFT eliminates the need to solve a boundary value problem by turning all interactions between the fluid and the object into a source term in the action. We use the EFT to derive the relativistic equations of motion for a compact object immersed in a viscous fluid in a curved background, when the relative velocity of the object and the fluid is small compare

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Sharif, M., and Arfa Waseem. "Charged compact objects in f(R,T) gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 02 (2019): 1950033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819500330.

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This paper analyzes the effects of charge on the nature of relativistic compact star candidates with anisotropic distribution in the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity. For this purpose, we consider Krori–Barua solutions and obtain the values of unknown constants as well as charge using observational data of Her X-1, 4U1820-30 and SAX J 1808.4-3658 star models. For three viable [Formula: see text] models, we investigate the behavior of energy density, transverse as well as radial pressures in the interior geometry of these stars. The validity of energy conditions, effect of anisotropic f

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10

Chevalier, Roger A. "Compact Objects in Supernova Remnants." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 145 (1996): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100008253.

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Core collapse in very massive stars can lead to a central black hole that swallows the rest of the star and in less massive stars to a central neutron star and explosion. There is probably an intermediate mass range that gives an explosion and a central black hole; supernova remnants with no observable central object are candidates. The association of pulsars with Type II supernovae gives an estimate of the pulsar power to be expected in a supernova, but the uncertainty in the initial pulsar periods gives a wide range in possible powers. The relativistic wind bubble model for the Crab Nebula h

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11

Tomimatsu, Akira. "Relativistic Dynamos in Magnetospheres of Rotating Compact Objects." Astrophysical Journal 528, no. 2 (2000): 972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/308190.

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DEB, RUMI, BIKASH CHANDRA PAUL, and RAMESH TIKEKAR. "Relativistic models of a class of compact objects." Pramana 79, no. 2 (2012): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-012-0305-6.

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13

Pazameta, Zoran. "Maxwell-Proca Fields in Relativistic Astrophysical Compact Objects." Journal of Modern Physics 04, no. 08 (2013): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.48a023.

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14

Nazar, H., M. Azam, G. Abbas, Riaz Ahmed, and R. Naeem. "Relativistic polytropic models of charged anisotropic compact objects." Chinese Physics C 47, no. 3 (2023): 035109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/acae5b.

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Abstract In this paper, we introduce new viable solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell field equations by incorporating the features of anisotropic matter distributions within the realm of the general theory of relativity ( ). To obtain these solutions, we employed the Finch-Skea spacetime, along with a generalized polytropic equation of state ( ). We constructed various models of generalized polytropes by assuming different values of the polytropic index, i.e., , and . Next, numerous physical characteristics of these considered models were studied via graphical analysis, and they were found to obe

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15

Boukas, Lambros, Antonios Tsokaros, and Kōji Uryū. "The Parallel Compact Object CALculator: An Efficient General Relativistic Initial Data Solver for Compact Objects." Universe 10, no. 5 (2024): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10050229.

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Every numerical general relativistic investigation starts from the solution of the initial value equations at a given time. Astrophysically relevant initial values for different systems lead to distinct sets of equations that obey specific assumptions tied to the particular problem. Therefore, a robust and efficient solver for a variety of strongly gravitating sources is needed. In this work, we present the OpenMP version of the Compact Object CALculator (COCAL) on shared memory processors. We performed extensive profiling of the core COCAL modules in order to identify bottlenecks in efficienc

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Das, Shyam, Bikram Parida, Saibal Ray, and Shyamal Pal. "Role of Anisotropy on the Tidal Deformability of Compact Stellar Objects." Physical Sciences Forum 2, no. 1 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09311.

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In this paper, we introduce a framework to study the tidal deformation of relativistic anisotropic compact stars. Anisotropic stresses are ubiquitous in nature and widely used in modelling compact stellar objects. Tidal deformability of astrophysical compact objects is a natural effect of gravity, such as one produced by a companion in a binary system. In general relativity, the existence of this measurable effect of gravity can be quantified by their tidal Love numbers (TLN), which characterize the deformability of a neutron star (NS) from sphericity. The tidal deformability or polarizability

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Chakraborty, Koushik, Farook Rahaman, and Arkopriya Mallick. "A relativistic two-fluid model of compact stars." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 10 (2017): 1750055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500559.

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We propose a relativistic model of compact star admitting conformal symmetry. Quark matter and baryonic matter which are considered as two different fluids, constitute the star. We define interaction equations between the normal baryonic matter and the quark matter and study the physical situations for repulsive, attractive and zero interaction between the constituent matters. The measured value of the Bag constant is used to explore the spacetime geometry inside the star. From the observed values of the masses of some compact objects, we have obtained theoretical values of the radii. Theoreti

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18

FOSCHINI, LUIGI. "THE UNIFICATION OF RELATIVISTIC JETS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 28 (January 2014): 1460188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514601884.

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19

Pandey, U. S. "General relativistic treatment of magnetofluid disk around compact objects." Astrophysics and Space Science 141, no. 2 (1988): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00639490.

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Pandey, U. S. "General relativistic treatment of magnetofluid disk around compact objects." Astrophysics and Space Science 141, no. 2 (1988): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00639492.

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21

KIM, Jinho. "Black Hole, Neutron Star and Numerical Relativity." Physics and High Technology 30, no. 6 (2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.30.017.

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Compact stars, e.g., black holes and neutron stars, are the most energetic objects in astrophysics. These objects are accompanied by extremely strong gravity and a high velocity, which approaches the speed of light. Therefore, compact objects should be dealt with in Einstein’s relativity. This article will briefly introduce a numerical method that will allow us to obtain general solutions in general relativity. Several applications using numerical relativistic simulations will also be presented.

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Becerra, L., H. Hernández, and L. A. Núñez. "Quasi-static thermal evolution of compact objects." Canadian Journal of Physics 93, no. 8 (2015): 920–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0645.

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We study under what conditions the thermal peeling is present for dissipative local and quasi-local anisotropic spherical matter configurations. Thermal peeling occurs when different signs in the velocity of fluid elements appear, giving rise to the splitting of the matter configuration. The evolution is considered in the quasi-static approximation and the matter contents are radiant, anisotropic (unequal stresses) spherical local, and quasi-local fluids. The heat flux and the associated temperature profiles are described by causal thermodynamics consistent with this approximation. It is found

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23

Mitra, Abhas. "Masses of radiation pressure supported stars in extreme relativistic realm." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S238 (2006): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307005698.

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AbstractWe discuss that in the extreme relativistic limit, i.e., when z ≫ 1, where z is the surface gravitational redshift, there could be radiation pressure supported and dominated stars with arbitrary gravitational mass, high or low. Such objects are called Eternally Collapsing Objects (ECOs). ECOs are practically as compact as Schwarzschild black holes (BH) and, observationally, are likely to be mistaken as BHs. Further since any object undergoing continued collapse must first become an ECO before becoming a true BH state characterized by M = 0, the observed BH Candidates are ECOs.

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Fernando Bustos, Oscar. "Lane-Emden equations for Relativistic Anisotropic Polytropes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2796, no. 1 (2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2796/1/012006.

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Abstract In this research work, spherically symmetric compact objects with anisotropic matter are studied within the framework of general relativity. For this purpose, the equation of state of the master polytrope P = Kργ + αρ − β is employed, which prevents the divergence of the tangential velocity at the object’s surface and generalizes the treatment of the equation of state. The corresponding Lane-Emden equation is derived and integrated using an anisotropy function that encompasses conformally flat polytropes and vanishing compactness factor. Furthermore, the physical acceptability conditi

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MIGLIARI, SIMONE, GABRIELE GHISELLINI, JAMES MILLER-JONES, and DAVID RUSSELL. "JET MODELS FOR NEUTRON STAR X-RAY BINARIES." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 08 (January 2012): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512004485.

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A variety of different models for jet formation have been developed over the years (mainly) for black hole systems and young stellar objects. Conclusive observational constraints which would favor one particular mechanism are difficult to obtain. Neutron star X-ray binaries are crucial for advancing our understanding of jet formation in general, building a bridge between the two most studied jet-producing classes of systems: black holes, i.e. non-magnetized, relativistic objects, and young stellar objects, i.e. non-relativistic, magnetized stars. I will briefly review the status of our observa

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Neslušan, L. "The second rise of general relativity in astrophysics." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 30 (2019): 1950244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319502444.

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The field equations, which are the mathematical basis of the theory of general relativity, provide us with a much larger variety of solutions to model the neutron stars and other compact objects than are used in the current astrophysics. We point out some important consequences of the new kind of solutions of the field equations, which can be obtained if the astrophysical usage of general relativity is not constrained, and outline an impact of these solutions on the models of internal structure of compact objects. If general relativity is not constrained, it enables to construct the stable obj

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Nazari, Elham, Samik Mitra, Shahram Abbassi, and Santabrata Das. "Accretion flows around spinning compact objects in the post-Newtonian regime." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 05 (2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/05/117.

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Abstract We present the structure of a low angular momentum accretion flows around rotating compact objects incorporating relativistic corrections up to the leading post-Newtonian order. To begin with, we formulate the governing post-Newtonian hydrodynamic equations for the mass and energy-momentum flux without imposing any symmetries. However, for the sake of simplicity, we consider the flow to be stationary, axisymmetric, and inviscid. Toward this, we adapt the polytropic equation of state (EoS) and analyze the vertically integrated accretion flow confined to the equatorial plane. It is show

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Sheldahl, E. E., G. B. Taylor, S. E. Tremblay, et al. "Exploring Compact Symmetric Objects with Complex Morphologies." Astrophysical Journal 987, no. 1 (2025): 26. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adcc28.

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Abstract Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are a unique class of jetted active galactic nuclei defined by subkiloparsec radio emission, showing radio structure on both sides of the central engine. CSOs tend to exhibit little to no relativistic beaming, thereby allowing us to determine their physical characteristics, such as the magnetic field strength and particle energy density. Selected with a literature search, we describe very long baseline interferometry observations, imaging, and analyses of 167 CSO candidates. We identified 65 new bona fide CSOs, thus almost doubling the number of known

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Rojas C., W. A., and J. R. Arenas S. "Relativistic Origin of the Cutoff Parameter in Exotic Compact Objects." Gravitation and Cosmology 27, no. 2 (2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0202289321020122.

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Pazameta, Z. "A general relativistic model for magnetic monopole-infused compact objects." Astrophysics and Space Science 339, no. 2 (2012): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-012-0996-7.

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Bonolis, Luisa. "Stellar structure and compact objects before 1940: Towards relativistic astrophysics." European Physical Journal H 42, no. 2 (2017): 311–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2017-80014-4.

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Mak, M. K., P. N. Dobson, and T. Harko. "Maximum mass-radius ratios for charged compact general relativistic objects." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 55, no. 3 (2001): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2001-00416-x.

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Ahmedov, Bobomurat. "Relativistic Astrophysics in Uzbekistan." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (2018): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000437.

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AbstractDuring the last twenty years, due to the extensive help and assistance of the international scientific community, there has been a great success in the development and establishment of new well-functioning and competitive scientific groups specialized in general relativity and relativistic astrophysics in Uzbekistan (Tashkent), Kazakhstan (Astana and Almaty), Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) and great achievements have been made on the study in Central Asia in relativistic cosmology and astrophysics of compact gravitational objects.

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Rubiera-Garcia, Diego. "From fundamental physics to tests with compact objects in metric-affine theories of gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 11 (2020): 2041007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820410072.

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This paper provides a short but comprehensible overview of some relevant aspects of metric-affine theories of gravity in relation to the physics and astrophysics of compact objects. We shall highlight the pertinence of this approach to supersede General Relativity on its strong-field regime, as well as its advantages and some of its difficulties. Moreover, we shall reflect on the present and future opportunities to test its predictions with relativistic and nonrelativistic stars, black holes, and other exotic horizonless compact objects.

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Benetti, Francesco, Andrea Lapi, Samuele Silveravalle, and Stefano Liberati. "Ultra-compact objects of non-minimally coupled dark matter." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2025, no. 03 (2025): 029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/029.

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Abstract In the framework of a collisionless dark matter fluid which is non-minimally coupled to gravity, we investigate the existence and properties of static, spherically symmetric solutions of the general relativistic field equations. We show that the non-minimal coupling originates an (anisotropic) pressure able to counteract gravity and to allow the formation of regular, horizonless ultra-compact objects of dark matter (NMC-UCOs). We then analyze the orbits of massive and massless particles in the gravitational field of NMC-UCOs, providing some specific example and a general discussion in

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Martín, Eduardo L. "Evidence for Particle Acceleration and Nuclear Reactions around Compact Relativistic Objects." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 759, no. 1 (1995): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17557.x.

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Malaver, Manuel, and Rajan Iyer. "Some new relativistic charged models with anisotropic pressure." Physics & Astronomy International Journal 7, no. 4 (2023): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/paij.2023.07.00315.

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In this paper, we found new classes of solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell field equations with matter anisotropic distribution incorporating a particular form of electric field intensity within the framework of general relativity. We use a metric potential or ansatz that depends on an adjustable parametern in order to get the new solutions. We generated new models of compact stars with n=1 and n=2. Graphical analysis allows us to conclude that the new models satisfy all the physical characteristics for astrophysical objects and can be very useful in the study and description of compact structur

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Jang, Uicheol, Hongsu Kim, and Yu Yi. "Thick Accretion Disk and Its Super Eddington Luminosity around a Spinning Black Hole." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 38, no. 1 (2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2021.38.1.39.

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In the general accretion disk model theory, the accretion disk surrounding an astronomical object comprises fluid rings obeying Keplerian motion. However, we should consider relativistic and rotational effects as we close in toward the center of accretion disk surrounding spinning compact massive objects such as a black hole or a neutron star. In this study, we explore the geometry of the inner portion of the accretion disk in the context of Mukhopadhyay’s pseudo-Newtonian potential approximation for the full general relativity theory. We found that the shape of the accretion disk “puffs up” o

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Charles, P. A., A. D. Barnes, J. Casares, et al. "SS433 and the nature of ultra-luminous X-ray sources." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S238 (2006): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307005005.

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AbstractThe prototypical micro-quasar, SS433, one of the most bizarre objects in the Galaxy, is a weak X-ray source, yet the kinetic energy of its relativistic, precessing jets is vastly greater. In spite of its importance as the nearest example of directly observable relativistic phenomena, we know remarkably little about the nature of this binary system. There are ongoing arguments not only about the mass of the compact object, but even as to whether it is a black hole or a neutron star, an argument that recent high resolution optical spectroscopy has contributed to.Combined with the INTEGRA

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Romero, Gustavo E. "Synergies in extragalactic and Galactic jet research." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S313 (2014): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315002495.

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AbstractThe discovery of relativistic jets and superluminal sources associated with accreting X-ray binaries in the Galaxy opened new ways of investigating the physics of outflows from compact objects. The short timescales and relatively large angular sizes of Galactic jets allow to probe the physics of relativistic outflows to unprecedented details. In this article I discuss results of recent modelling of Galactic jets, covering both radiative and dynamical aspects, which can shed light on different features of their extragalactic cousins.

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TSUPKO, OLEG YU. "MAGNETO-PLASMA PROCESSES IN RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS: MODERN DEVELOPMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 07 (2013): 1330016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813300164.

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This contribution is a review of some talks presented at the session "Magneto-Plasma Processes in Relativistic Astrophysics" of the Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting MG13. We discuss the modern developments of relativistic astrophysics, connected with presence of plasma and magnetic fields. The influence of magneto-plasma processes on the structure of the compact objects and accretion processes is considered. We also discuss a crucial role of magnetic field for the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions. Gravitational lensing in plasma is also considered.

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Fraija, N., B. Betancourt Kamenetskaia, A. Galvan-Gamez, et al. "GRB Afterglow of the Sub-relativistic Materials with Energy Injection." Astrophysical Journal 933, no. 2 (2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac714d.

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Abstract Sub-relativistic materials launched during the merger of binary compact objects and the core collapse of massive stars acquire velocity structures when expanding in a stratified environment. The remnant (either a spinning magnetized neutron star (NS) or a central black hole) from the compact object or core collapse could additionally inject energy into the afterglow via spin-down luminosity or/and by accreting fallback material, producing a refreshed shock, modifying the dynamics, and leading to rich radiation signatures at distinct timescales and energy bands with contrasting intensi

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Yusupova, R. М., G. R. Muchtarova, and R. N. Izmailov. "EDDINGTON LUMINOSITY LIMIT FOR MASSLESS WORMHOLES WITH SCALAR FIELD." Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-1-21-24.

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Most astrophysical objects growth by mass accretion. The almost universal presence of interstellar matter generally leads to the formation around compact objects of accretion disks. The emission of the radiation from the disk is determined by the external gravitational potentials of the central massive object, which in turn are essentially determined by its nature – neutron star, black hole, wormhole or naked singularity. Hence the astrophysical observations of the emission spectra from accretion disks may lead to the possibility of directly testing the physical and astrophysical properties of

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Bacchini, Fabio, Bart Ripperda, Alexander Y. Chen, and Lorenzo Sironi. "Numerical methods for General Relativistic particles." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S342 (2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318007834.

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AbstractWe present recent developments on numerical algorithms for computing photon and particle trajectories in the surrounding of compact objects. Strong gravity around neutron stars or black holes causes relativistic effects on the motion of massive particles and distorts light rays due to gravitational lensing. Efficient numerical methods are required for solving the equations of motion and compute i) the black hole shadow obtained by tracing light rays from the object to a distant observer, and ii) obtain information on the dynamics of the plasma at the microscopic scale. Here, we present

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Marcowith, A., G. Henri, and G. Pelletier. "A Study of Gamma Spectral Break in AGN." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 159 (1994): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900175485.

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Since its launch, CGRO has detected more than 20 γ-ray emitting AGN, most of them associated with powerful, radio-loud, flat-spectrum objects, exhibiting VLBI superluminal motions. In the case of 3C279, the huge value of the apparent luminosity (∼ 1048erg.s−1) and the variability time-scale of a few days (Hartmann et al., 1992) gives a very large compacity lapp ≃ 200, that is, the medium should be completely thick to γ-rays. This contradiction can be explained if the γ-rays originate from a relativistic jet pointing at a small angle with respect to the line of sight (Maraschi et al., 1992). Ho

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MAK, M. K., PETER N. DOBSON, and T. HARKO. "MAXIMUM MASS–RADIUS RATIO FOR COMPACT GENERAL RELATIVISTIC OBJECTS IN SCHWARZSCHILD–DE SITTER GEOMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 35 (2000): 2153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002723.

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Upper limits for the mass–radius ratio are derived for arbitrary general relativistic matter distributions in the presence of a cosmological constant. General restrictions for the redshift and total energy (including the gravitational contribution) for compact objects in the Schwarzschild–de Sitter geometry are also obtained in terms of the cosmological constant and of the mean density of the star.

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Böhmer, C. G., and T. Harko. "Bounds on the basic physical parameters for anisotropic compact general relativistic objects." Classical and Quantum Gravity 23, no. 22 (2006): 6479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/22/023.

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Miller, J. M., A. D'Aì, M. W. Bautz, et al. "ON RELATIVISTIC DISK SPECTROSCOPY IN COMPACT OBJECTS WITH X-RAY CCD CAMERAS." Astrophysical Journal 724, no. 2 (2010): 1441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/724/2/1441.

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Falcke, H. "11.2. The nature of compact radio cores in galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 184 (1998): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900085569.

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Compact radio cores, which are often assumed to mark the presence of a super-massive black hole, are not only found in the nuclei of powerful quasars but also in nearby galaxies. While in quasars they are typically associated with relativistic jets, the nature of those cores in low-luminosity AGN is less clear. Here, I will briefly mention some of the recent theories (ADAFs or jets) and observations of the latter class of objects.

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Zahra, A., S. A. Mardan, Sana Saleem, Muhammad Bilal Riaz, and Tomas Kozubek. "Estimation of mass and radii for charged compact objects using a modified Chaplygin equation of state in the Buchdahl-I metric." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0321111. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321111.

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In this article, a class of static configurations for stellar equilibrium in relativistic charged spheres with anisotropic fluid is studied. The Buchdahl ansatz is employed to solve the Einstein-Maxwell field equations, which govern the behavior of charged, relativistic stellar objects. The matter distribution within the charged sphere is shown to satisfy all the necessary energy conditions, including the hydrostatic equilibrium condition. Several compact objects, such as GW 190814, PSR J0952-0607, PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620, GW 170817, PSR J1614-2230, PSR J2215+5135, and 4U 1608-52, are d

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