Journal articles: 'Relaxante muscular'

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Luiz Alberto Bouzas Regueira, Ethyenne Lacerda Moreira, Catharina Borges de Oliveira, and Elton Pereira Sá Barreto Júnior. "Hipertermia maligna fulminante em paciente pediátrico submetido à cirurgia ambulatorial: relato de caso." Revista Científica Hospital Santa Izabel 1, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35753/rchsi.v1i3.153.

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Hipertermia maligna (HM) é uma das mais devastadoras síndromes relacionadas à anestesia. Em indivíduos suscetíveis, a exposição a anestésicos halogenados e relaxante muscular despolarizante (succinilcolina) desencadeia elevação descontrolada dos níveis de cálcio intracelular das células musculares esqueléticas e consequente contração muscular contínua associada à hipermetabolismo. Caracteriza-se por elevação importante da temperatura, taquicardia, taquipneia, hipercarbia, rigidez muscular, acidose e hipercalemia. O tratamento consiste na interrupção imediata do agente gatilho e administração de dantrolene sódico intravenoso. Retardo no diagnóstico e no tratamento está associado à elevada mortalidade.

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Cascaes, Lívia Helena Freitas da Silva, and Jardel Corrêa de Oliveira. "Evidências sobre relaxantes musculares de uso ambulatorial: uma revisão da literatura." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 12, no. 39 (February 8, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc12(39)1500.

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Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências sobre eficácia e efeitos adversos dos relaxantes musculares de uso oral disponíveis no Brasil para espasticidade, condições musculoesqueléticas, fibromialgia e cefaleia tensional. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura a partir de revisões sistemáticas publicadas no Medline, BVS, biblioteca Cochrane e National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) até dezembro de 2016, que avaliaram os fármacos considerados relaxantes musculares pela Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) e disponíveis no Brasil na forma oral: ciclobenzaprina, tizanidina, carisoprodol, orfenadrina e baclofeno. Resultados: Foram identificados 20 estudos, sendo 17 revisões sistemáticas e três meta-análises. As evidências de eficácia dos relaxantes musculares consistem principalmente em estudos com concepção metodológica ruim. Estudos de comparação não mostraram que um relaxante muscular esquelético seja superior a outro. Ciclobenzaprina demonstrou eficácia em condições musculoesqueléticas, como dor miofascial mandibular, fibromialgia e dor lombar. Na fibromialgia, demonstrou benefício na melhora geral e no sono. No manejo da dor lombar, a ciclobenzaprina mostrou efeito modesto, mais presente nos quatro primeiros dias. Carisoprodol na dor lombar baixa não parece ter diferença de ciclobenzaprina, mas esse medicamento pode causar dependência. Baclofeno e tizanidina parecem ser eficazes em comparação com placebo e equivalentes em doentes com espasticidade. Conclusões: Os relaxantes musculares em geral, comparados a placebo ou entre si, apresentaram poucas evidências com estatística significante. Portanto, a seleção do medicamento deve ser baseada no perfil de efeitos adversos, preferência do paciente, potencial de abuso, potencial de interação com outros medicamentos, custo e outras características dos fármacos.

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Da Silva, Fabrisia De Moraes Alves, and Kumiko Koibuchi Sakane. "ANÁLISE DO CLONAZEPAM EM AMOSTRAS DE MEDICAMENTOS REFERÊNCIA E GENÉRICOS POR ESPECTROSCOPIA NO INFRAVERMELHO (FTIR-ATR)." Revista Univap 22, no. 40 (April 11, 2017): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v22i40.1525.

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O Clonazepam é um benzodiazepínico de ação antiansiolítica, anticonvulsiva, relaxante muscular, sedativa e possui propriedades hipnóticas. Seu uso deve ser somente a critério médico. O Clonazepam como qualquer outro benzodiazepínico podem causar dependência e tolerância. Para este estudo propôs-se a analisar qualitativamente por espectroscopia no infravermelho, amostras de medicamentos de referência e genéricos que contenham o princípio ativo clonazepam. Nas amostras avaliadas foram verificadas que a espectroscopia no infravermelho é viável mesmo para amostras com uma concentração pequena de princípio ativo e que os espectros seguem os padrões exigidos pela ANVISA.

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Portella, Liandra Vogel, Cláudio Corrêa Natalini, Erika Cosendey Toledo, Juarez Antônio França, Tatiana Lima Moreira, and Tânia C. de Oliveira. "Efeitos cardiovasculares e respiratórios da indução anestésica com propofol em felinos pré-medicados com xilazina/cetamina." Ciência Rural 26, no. 2 (August 1996): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781996000200009.

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O propofol na dose de 6mg/kg foi usado como agente indutor em dez felinos, pré-medicados com xilazina (0.5 mg/kg) e cetamina (10mg/kg). A intubação orotraqueal desses animais foi possível sem o uso de lidocaina a 4% em "spray"ou o uso de relaxante muscular. As alterações da função cardiovascular compreenderam o aumento da pressão venosa central e freqüência cardíaca após a indução com o propofol. Ocorreu diminuição na freqüência respiratória após administração do propofol, com elevação dos valores médios destes parâmetros até o período de recuperação. Não ocorreram períodos de apnéia. O protocolo anestésico pesquisado produziu um período hábil anestésico médio de 47 + 10,95 minutos e um tempo de recuperação de 10 + 1,41 minutos.

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Rossi, Stephani Vogt, Thayná Andreatta, Vanessa Paganini Simões, Jamille Sara Silva Faria, Bruno Hosken Pombo, and Roberta Bitencourt. "Prescrever a desprescrição: uma revisão para um círculo virtuoso." Revista de Medicina 99, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v99i4p384-388.

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Os benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) geralmente são utilizados no tratamento de ansiedade, insônia, abstinência alcoólica, delirium e crises convulsivas devido sua atividade ansiolítica, hipnótica, anticonvulsivante e relaxante muscular. Esses medicamentos não devem exceder duas a quatro semanas, mas é comum encontrar pacientes que usam por até 10 anos. Com o objetivo de conhecer as abordagens propostas para desprescrição dos BZDs foi realizada uma revisão embasada nas bases de dados NCBI/PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) e SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Lirary Online). Os resultados da revisão mostram o quão heterogênea são as intervenções a respeito da desprescrição de BZDs e a necessidade de melhor descrição para permitir uma adequada replicação na prática clínica e em pesquisas.

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Oliveira, Victor Bruno Soares de, Itana Lisane Spinato, Micheline Freire Alencar Costa, Daniela Aparecida Biasotto-Gonzalez, and Francisco Fleury Uchoa Santos-Júnior. "Hábitos parafuncionais e sintomatologia de pacientes submetidos a intervenções buco-maxilo-faciais em uma clínica escola de fisioterapia: um estudo retrospectivo de 15 anos." ConScientiae Saúde 19, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): e18352. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v19n1.18352.

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Objetivo: Comparar clinicamente os pacientes com desordens buco-maxilo-faciais (DBMF) atendidos em uma clínica-escola de fisioterapia da cidade de Fortaleza. Materiais e métodos: Dentre 5.357 prontuários, foram coletados os dados de 315 prontuários referentes aos pacientes acometidos por DBMF, dentre eles, 62 homens e 253 mulheres. Resultados: O estudo adotou perfil predominante de pacientes do gênero feminino, solteiros, entre 21 a 30 anos, estudantes, que fizeram uso de relaxante muscular; mulheres sentiram dor irradiada, já homens, dor do tipo fina. Bruxismo/endentações/desgaste dentário foram prevalentes em ambos os sexos e os sintomas que apresentaram diferença estatística entre homens e mulheres foram cervicalgia (p=0,0051), cefaleia (p0,0001), formigamento de membros superiores (p=0,0371) e dor corporal (p=0,0234). Conclusão: Bruxismo/endentações/desgaste dentário foram os prevalentes em ambos os sexos. Entre os homens, o sintoma mais prevalente foi a dor ou cansaço ao mastigar, já entre as mulheres foi a cefaleia.

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Assini, F. L., E. J. Fabrício, and K. L. Lang. "Efeitos farmacológicos do extrato aquoso de Solidago chilensis Meyen em camundongos." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 15, no. 1 (2013): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-05722013000100018.

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Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae) é uma espécie nativa da América do Sul (Brasil) encontrada principalmente na região Sul do Brasil onde é conhecida popularmente como arnica-do-mato. Na medicina popular, ela é utilizada como diurética, cicatrizante, e anti-inflamatória. No presente trabalho, os efeitos farmacológicos do extrato aquoso das raízes de S. chilensis foram avaliados em modelos experimentais in vivo de atividade tipo-antidepressiva, antiinflamatória, antinociceptiva, e locomotora. O extrato (25, 100 e 250 mg kg-1) foi administrado por via oral 30 min antes dos experimentos comportamentais. Os resultados mostram que, nas doses utilizadas, o extrato aquoso de S. chilensis não apresentou atividade tipo-antidepressiva apesar de induzir efeitos analgésico e antiinflamatório significativos. Uma redução da atividade locomotora foi observada com a maior dose (250 mg kg-1) administrada, sugerindo efeito sobre o sistema nervoso central. Em conclusão, os resultados estão de acordo com a literatura acerca dos efeitos analgésicos e antiinflamatórios da planta, sugerindo também uma atividade do extrato de S. chilensis sobre o sistema nervoso central. Essas observações, porém, não excluem um possível efeito relaxante muscular periférico do extrato.

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Silva, Eduardo de Sousa Martins e., Ben Hur Vitor Silva Ono, Bruno Massayuki Makimoto Monteiro, Joaquim Borges de Menezes Neto, and José Carlos Souza. "Consumo de Brugmansia suaveolens (Trombeta de Anjo) e perturbação psíquica." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): e11610111366. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11366.

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A planta Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet, conhecida popularmente como “Trombeta de Anjo”, é típica de regiões tropicais e sul americanas, incluindo o Brasil, e é famosa por suas propriedades alucinógenas, perturbadoras, sedativas, entre outras. Neste contexto, é utilizada em práticas ritualísticas, curativas e recreacionais. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar e discutir o consumo de B. suaveolens e o seu potencial de perturbação psíquica. Fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, utilizando-se de artigos dos últimos 10 anos (2010-2020), com os descritores “Brugmansia suaveolens”, “Toxinas”, “Alucinações”, “Delirium”, “Síndrome Anticolinérgica Aguda”, “Escopolamina”, “Atropina”, “Chá de Trombeta”, “Trombeta de Anjo”, “Mududu”. A Brugmansia suaveolens apresenta propriedades antinociceptiva, nematicida e relaxante muscular e a toxicidade do seu consumo é dose dependente. Neste sentido, concentrações maiores de flores na infusão de água refletem em maiores concentrações de atropina e escopolamina, os quais inibem os receptores muscarínicos. Esta inibição é responsável pela toxicidade anticolinérgica, causando febre, alucinações, confusão, delírio, dentre outros sintomas. Conclui-se que a utilização de B. suaveolens apresenta riscos, devido ao seu alto potencial alucinógeno, e deve ser visto, portanto, com importância clínica.

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Neto, José Celi, Marcos da Silva Matos, Rafaela do Vale Pinheiro, Silvia Gonçalves Ricci Neri, Lídia Mara Aguiar Bezerra de Melo, and Alexandre Lima de Araújo Ribeiro. "Efeitos da massagem rápida no estresse de praticantes de atividade física." Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes 24, no. 262 (March 26, 2020): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46642/efd.v24i262.508.

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A massagem é uma grande aliada na medicina oriental, e apesar de pouco utilizada na saúde, sua maior difusão vem sendo através das técnicas de relaxamento antiestresse. Portanto o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se um protocolo de massagem rápida atua de forma positiva no estresse de jovens adultos praticantes regulares de atividade física. Participaram do estudo 32 jovens adultos, divididos em grupo controle (n=15, idade: 22,73 ± 3,26 anos) e experimental (n=17, idade: 23,00 ± 2,81 anos). A massagem foi realizada em cadeira ergonômica padrão do projeto de extensão em massagem laboral. Cada sessão teve duração de 15 a 20 minutos, 2 vezes por semana, durante 6 semanas. O protocolo utilizado teve como foco o relaxamento muscular. O estresse foi medido através de um questionário de 20 questões, desenvolvido pelo Instituto para o Avanço da Ciência “Max Planck” (Alemanha) e pelo Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Observou-se um efeito significativo na redução do estresse no grupo experimental da primeira para a terceira semana e da terceira para a sexta semana. Além disso, foi possível observar também uma diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,001). Portanto, concluímos que a massagem relaxante pode ser uma ferramenta auxiliar em um tratamento antiestresse para jovens adultos. Porém recomendamos que esta não seja aplicada de forma única no tratamento antiestresse.

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Oliveira, Gislaine Alves de, Joedna Cavalcante Pereira, Italo Rossi Roseno Martins, Ana Carolina de Carvalho Correia, Rafael de Almeida Travassos, Maria da Conceição Correia Silva, Iara Leão Luna de Souza, Josean Fechine Tavares, Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero, and Bagnólia Araújo da Silva. "A atividade espasmolítica do óleo essencial obtido de Lippia microphylla Cham. (Verbenaceae) é mediada pela modulação da sinalização do cálcio em modelos animais e celulares." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (June 11, 2021): e0410716060. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16060.

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As espécies do gênero Lippia (Verbenaceae) são amplamente usadas na medicina tradicional no tratamento de desordens respiratórias e gastrointestinais. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito relaxante do óleo essencial obtido de Lippia microphylla Cham. (LM‑EO) e seus componentes majoritários em íleo isolado de cobaias bem como elucidou‑se os mecanismos envolvidos. LM-EO inibiu as contrações fásicas e relaxou as tônicas induzidas por vários agentes contráteis em íleo de cobaia. Resultados semelhantes foram observados nos protocolos utilizando-se timol e carvacrol, os componentes majoritários de LM-EO. O bloqueio dos canais de cálcio dependentes de voltagem (CaV) foi sugerido uma vez que LM-EO deslocou para a direita e de maneira não paralela as contrações cumulativas induzidas por CaCl2 e confirmou-se quando LM-EO relaxou o íleo pré-contraído por S‑(‑)‑Bay K8644, um agonista seletivo dos CaV. Na camada muscular circular do íleo, LM-EO inibiu as contrações fásicas, sendo equipotente em relação aos efeitos no íleo íntegro. No miócitos isolados da camada longitudinal do íleo, LM-EO reduziu a intensidade da fluorescência induzida por histamina, semelhantemente ao verapamil (bloqueador CaV), indicando uma redução na concentração citosólica de cálcio ([Ca2+]c). Dessa forma, LM-EO apresenta uma atividade espasmolítica em íleo de cobaia pelo bloqueio dos CaV e consequente redução da [Ca2+]c. Esses resultados demostram-se como uma justificativa para o uso de L. microphylla como um produto terapêutico nas desordens intestinais.

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Cardoso, Ana Gabriela Antunes, Luciano Rezende dos Santos, Amanda de Fátima Souza, Bárbara Queiroz de Figueiredo, Eduarda Canedo Nogueira, Emilayne Nicácio Dias Brito, Giselly Nunes Silva, and Rafaela Alves Fernandes. "Análise do efeito do uso a longo prazo de benzodiazepínicos por idosos: uma revisão sistemática de literatura." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (September 12, 2021): e01101220022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20022.

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Introdução: Os benzodiazepínicos são os psicofármacos mais utilizados globalmente e possuem propriedades farmacológicas que propiciam ação sedativa, hipnótica, ansiolítica, anticonvulsivante e relaxante muscular. A eficácia dos benzodiazepínicos é bem documentada nos tratamentos de curta duração, porém o uso prolongado é contraindicado devido aos riscos de efeitos adversos, incluindo a dependência.Objetivo: evidenciar o efeito a longo prazo do uso de benzodiazepínicos por idosos. Metodologia: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica e webliográfica, realizada no período de julho de 2020 a agosto de 2021, onde foram utilizadas as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online – SciELO, US National Library of Medicine Nacional Institutes of Health (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Google Acadêmico. Foi utilizada também a consulta a livros e periódicos presentes na Biblioteca do Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas. Após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão foi realizada análise de 22 publicações. Resultados e Discussão: O estudo das bibliografias selecionadas mostrou que o uso de benzodiazepínicos entre idosos tem alta prevalência. Além disso, essa classe de medicamentos não é recomendada para uso por longevos, agravando suas consequências ainda mais quando o tratamento é realizado a longo prazo, exacerbando uma série de eventos adversos sem apresentar eficácia nesse formato de uso. Conclusão: é importante buscar formas menos prejudiciais para sanar as queixas em relação a sono e ansiedade em longevos e também capacitar os profissionais de saúde, a fim de identificar medicamentos com uso não recomendado para idosos e propor formas de otimizar as prescrições.

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SILVA, HELGA C. A., VALÉRIA S. BAHIA, ROGÉRIO A. A. OLIVEIRA, PAULO E. MARCHIORI, MILBERTO SCAFF, and ANA MARIA C. TSANACLIS. "Susceptibilidade à hipertermia maligna em três pacientes com síndrome maligna por neurolépticos." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 58, no. 3A (September 2000): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2000000400018.

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A hipertermia maligna caracteriza-se por hipertermia, rigidez muscular, rabdomiólise, acidose e insuficiência de múltiplos órgãos. A hipertermia maligna anestésica decorre da exposição a halogenados e/ou relaxantes musculares despolarizantes. O método padrão para diagnosticar a suscetibilidade à hipertermia maligna é o teste da contratura muscular in vitro em resposta ao halotano e à cafeína. A síndrome maligna por neurolépticos caracteriza-se por hipertermia, síndrome extrapiramidal, acidose, instabilidade neurovegetativa e alterações neurológicas. Descrevemos três pacientes com síndrome maligna por neurolépticos e testes de contratura muscular positivos. Esse achado demonstra que ocasionalmente o músculo de pacientes com síndrome maligna por neurolépticos pode mostrar as alterações encontradas na hipertermia maligna anestésica.

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Mesquita Amaral, Vera Fernanda, and Aníbal Alberto Sá Martins. "Quando a preguiça é sinônimo de doença - um caso de doença de McArdle." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 11, no. 38 (December 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc11(38)1277.

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A doença de McArdle é uma doença rara, autossômica recessiva, manifestando-se com intolerância ao exercício, mialgias e crises de mioglobinúria por rabdomiólise. Pode complicar-se com insuficiência renal e isquemia muscular associada a anestésicos inalados e relaxantes musculares. Relata-se um caso clínico de um homem de 38 anos que apresentava queixas repetidas de cansaço, palpitações e “sensação de que o músculo bloqueava e encolhia” (sic) durante o exercício, obrigando-o a parar para recuperar. Este quadro estava presente desde a adolescência e cessava com redução do exercício. Foi avaliado, apresentando uma CPK de 554mcg/L, sem outras alterações, pelo que foi referenciado pela médica de família para consulta em Neurologia. Nesta foi solicitada uma biópsia muscular, que revelou doença de McArdle. O médico de família deve ser capaz gerir os casos que se apresentam inespecificamente, valorizando queixas específicas e persistentes no tempo, estando alerta para as situações que possam sugerir uma doença incomum.

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Carmo Júnior, Nelson Machado do, and Adriano Max Moreira Reis. "Análise dos medicamentos relaxantes musculares de ação central comercializados no Brasil na perspectiva do Cuidado ao Idoso." Espaço para a Saúde - Revista de Saúde Pública do Paraná 18, no. 1 (July 17, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22421/1517-7130.2017v18n1p108.

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Objetivo: Analisar na perspectiva do idoso as evidências científicas relativas ao emprego terapêutico e a segurança de relaxantes musculares registrados no Brasil. Método: estudo de análise da oferta de medicamentos contendo fármacos do grupo M03B - Relaxantes musculares de ação central da classificação Anatômica Terapêutica Química. Verificaram-se os fármacos do grupo M03B registrados no Brasil. Pesquisaram-se as evidências científicas relativas à segurança e eficácia. Analisou-se a disponibilidade de informações sobre segurança na bula. Resultados: Identificou-se 18 fármacos do grupo M03B, dos quais 7 (38,9%) estão registrados no Brasil. Das 67 especialidades registradas, 35 (52,2%) são associações farmacológicas. Conclusão: As evidências para uso de relaxantes musculares em idosos são limitadas. As bulas desses medicamentos não apresentam informações relevantes sobre eventos adversos.

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Benzing, George, Susan T. Iannaccone, Kevin E. Bove, Peter J. Keebler, and Lisa L. Shockley. "Persisting Muscular Weakness After Prolonged Use of Muscle Relaxants." Critical Care Medicine 19, no. 5 (May 1991): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199105000-00030.

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Schou, J., and H. F. Ginz. "Interaction of non-depolarizing muscular relaxants is potentially useful." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 41, no. 1 (January 1997): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04618.x.

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Navarro, Eduardo, S. J. Alonso, and R. Navarro. "Toxicity and Neuropharmacological Effects of Elenine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/312524.

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Elenine is the aglycone of elenoside, a cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan (NSC 644013-W/1) derived fromJusticia hyssopifolia. (Family: Acanthaceae). Elenoside is a β-D-glucoside, with a similar chemical structure to etoposide, exhibiting central depressant activity. In the present study, elenine was given to mice and rats at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Acute toxicity (24 h) and general behaviour in mice was studied as well as its effects on muscular relaxant activity, locomotor activity (Varimex test), and the open-field test and were compared with 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine. Elenine produced a reduction in the permanence time in muscular relaxant activity (traction test). Spontaneous activity was lower in the Varimex test. The ambulation and rearing were lower compared with the control group, and an increase in boluses was observed in the open-field test. Thus, it can be concluded that elenine has central sedative effects at lower doses than those used with elenoside and has a possible application in conditions of anxiety.

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Borgeat, A., C. Dessibourg, M. Rochani, and P. M. Suter. "Sedation by propofol in tetanus — is it a muscular relaxant?" Intensive Care Medicine 17, no. 7 (July 1991): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01720683.

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Suzuki, Manzo, Toshiichiro Inagi, Takehiko Kikutani, Takuya Mishima, and Hiroyasu Bito. "Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema after Reversing Rocuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade by Sugammadex." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135032.

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Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a rare complication that accompanies general anesthesia, especially after extubation. We experienced a case of negative pressure pulmonary edema after tracheal extubation following reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex. In this case, the contribution of residual muscular block on the upper airway muscle as well as large inspiratory forces created by the respiratory muscle which has a low response to muscle relaxants, is suspected as the cause.

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B., Kiran, Kala P., Chitra N. S., and Jamuna Rani R. "Comparison of different brands of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants: a cost analysis study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 6 (May 23, 2019): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192213.

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Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are structurally distinct drugs prescribed for reducing muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants are manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies with variable price. The present study, aimed to analyze the cost variation of various brands of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants, so as to help the physician to choose the cost effective treatment.Methods: Current index of medical stores (CIMS) April 2018 and online literature were used as information guide to review the prices of drugs used in the treatment of musculo skeletal pain and spastic neurological disorders.Results: Among anti spasmodic group, thiocolchicoside 4 mg shows maximum price variation of 337.5%, whereas carisoprodol 350 mg shows the least variation of 0.1%. It is evident from antispastic group that baclofen 10 mg shows maximum price variation of 93.91% and 5 mg of Baclofen shows the least variation of 11.22%. It is observed that, among anti spastic group, a percentage prize variation of 93.91 for 10 mg and 11.22 for 5 mg baclofen. Largest % prize variation is seen in metaxalone + diclofenac sodium (400+50) mg as 525% and the least variation is observed in tolperisone+ paracetamol (150+325) mg as 3.88%.Conclusions: Centrally acting orally effective skeletal muscle relaxants are commonly prescribed for painful musculoskeletal and spastic neurological disorders. Physicians should give due importance for the cost of the drugs while selecting appropriate drug for musculo skeletal disorders.

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McKay, Allison, and Anthony Krantis. "The effects of ethylenediamine in the rat small intestine: a powerful relaxant of the muscularis." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-029.

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The pharmacology of ethylenediamine (EDA) actions in the rat small intestine was examined using isolated gut-bath preparations of proximal segments of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. EDA evoked concentration-dependent tetrodotoxin-insensitive relaxations of the intestine, evidently by direct action on the muscularis. Such actions were simultaneous on the longitudinal and circular muscle layers. Investigation of EDA actions on the circular muscle showed that EDA actions were unrelated to any intrinsic GABAergic mechanisms. Moreover, EDA interacted with muscle sites distinct from ATP, histamine, bradykinin, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptors. The ability of EDA to relax the intestinal musculature was generally greater than the smooth muscle relaxant papaverine and substantially better than nicotinic stimulation of the intrinsic inhibitory neurones. It would appear that EDA may be useful as a direct acting smooth muscle relaxant for the study of the physiology–pharmacology of the rodent small intestine.Key words: ethylenediamine, rat intestine, muscle relaxant, circular muscle.

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Marques, A. D. S., C. Zheng, C. T. Lin, Y. Takahata, M. Barbosa-Filho, and S. J. C. Gutierrez. "Electronic and structural effects in muscular relaxants: Riparin I and Riparin III." Journal of Molecular Structure 753, no. 1-3 (October 2005): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.06.018.

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Scrollavezza, P., A. M. Tambella, C. Vullo, and A. Palumbo Piccionello. "Evaluation of the muscular relaxant effect of dexmedetomidine or medetomidine in cats." Veterinary Research Communications 33, S1 (July 8, 2009): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11259-009-9271-y.

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Abrams, Michael J., Ty Basinger, William Yuan, Chin-Lin Guo, and Lea Goentoro. "Self-repairing symmetry in jellyfish through mechanically driven reorganization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 26 (June 15, 2015): E3365—E3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502497112.

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What happens when an animal is injured and loses important structures? Some animals simply heal the wound, whereas others are able to regenerate lost parts. In this study, we report a previously unidentified strategy of self-repair, where moon jellyfish respond to injuries by reorganizing existing parts, and rebuilding essential body symmetry, without regenerating what is lost. Specifically, in response to arm amputation, the young jellyfish of Aurelia aurita rearrange their remaining arms, recenter their manubria, and rebuild their muscular networks, all completed within 12 hours to 4 days. We call this process symmetrization. We find that symmetrization is not driven by external cues, cell proliferation, cell death, and proceeded even when foreign arms were grafted on. Instead, we find that forces generated by the muscular network are essential. Inhibiting pulsation using muscle relaxants completely, and reversibly, blocked symmetrization. Furthermore, we observed that decreasing pulse frequency using muscle relaxants slowed symmetrization, whereas increasing pulse frequency by lowering the magnesium concentration in seawater accelerated symmetrization. A mathematical model that describes the compressive forces from the muscle contraction, within the context of the elastic response from the mesoglea and the ephyra geometry, can recapitulate the recovery of global symmetry. Thus, self-repair in Aurelia proceeds through the reorganization of existing parts, and is driven by forces generated by its own propulsion machinery. We find evidence for symmetrization across species of jellyfish (Chrysaora pacifica, Mastigias sp., and Cotylorhiza tuberculata).

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Gutianskii, O. G., and A. N. Zarubin. "Tolperisone in the combination treatment of muscular tonic syndrome in individuals with a high level of physical activity." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 21 (January 17, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-21-49-58.

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Introduction. Dorsalgia is one of the most common diseases in individuals practising regular physical training and sports Rationale. Because of the growth of the number of physically active individuals expected to rise by 2024, the improvement of drug and physical rehabilitation methods comes into sharp focus.The objective of the study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the use of a centrally acting muscle tolperisone-containing relaxant in the combined treatment of dorsalgia accompanied by a muscular tonic syndrome.Materials and methods. In the study, two groups of patients (30 people each) with muscular tonic syndrome received therapy that included NSAIDs and a neurotropic vitamin complex (in the comparison group), and additionally a centrally acting muscle relaxant (in the treatment group).The treatment outcome was assessed by changes in complaints and the objective neurological status of patients, the degree of muscle soreness upon palpation, and the evaluation of pain syndrome using a visual analogue scale.The shear wave elastography (SWE) of defunct muscles was used as an objective assessment method.Earlier in clinical practice, muscle tension in patients was usually assessed using manual palpation, i.e., only qualitatively and subjectively. SWE is an operator-independent, relatively reproducible, and quantitative method for assessing tendons and muscles. SWE was used in this study to obtain more objective assessment and comparison of the elasticity of “affected” and “healthy” symmetrical back muscles before and after the use of drugs.Results. The study showed a high clinical efficacy of tolperisone in the combination therapy of the lower back pain accompanied by muscular tonic syndrome, which was confirmed by a more significant decreased muscle-tonic syndrome based on the evaluation of complaints and the degree of muscle soreness upon palpation, a more pronounced regression of pain syndrome according to VAS in the treatment group of patients vs the comparison group. According to the elastography findings before and after treatment, the group receiving tolperisone showed a more significant decrease in muscular tonic syndrome.Сonclusion. The study confirmed the clinical efficacy of tolperisone manufactured by Sotex pharmaceutical company. On these grounds we recommend that the drug is used in combination therapy for dorsalgias (dorsopathies) accompanied by a muscular tonic (myofascial) syndrome both in patients without a proper level of physical activity, and in those practising regular physical training and sports.

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Sales, Pedro Henrique da Hora, Edson Luiz Cetira-Filho, Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa, José Ferreira da Cunha-Filho, and Jair Carneiro Leão. "Palatoplastia primária pela técnica de Bardach." Journal of the Brazilian College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 7, no. 2 (August 20, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2358-2782.7.2.044-049.oar.

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As fissuras labiopalatinas são malformações congênitas que podem acometer o lábio, o palato ou ambos, e são decorrentes de erros na fusão dos processos faciais embrionários por alterações no desenvolvimento normal do palato primário ou secundário. Pacientes com tais fissuras apresentam alterações anatômicas complexas, sendo um desafio aos cirurgiões quanto à reabilitação. O presente artigo apresenta uma paciente com fenda palatina submetida a procedimento cirúrgico de palato-plastia pela técnica de Bardach sob anestesia geral. Foram realizadas incisões na margem na fenda, bem como incisões relaxantes laterais acompanhadas de incisões nos pedículos anteriores. Foi realizado descolamento mucoperiosteal de espessura total. A musculatura do palato mole foi desinserida e dissecada, de modo a ser posicionada adequadamente. Foram realizadas suturas nos planos nasal, muscular e oral, e as incisões relaxantes laterais cicatrizaram por segunda intenção. Após três meses de acompanhamento pós-operatório, a paciente não apresentou sinais de fístulas e mostrava boa mobilidade da musculatura do palato mole. A técnica de Bardach apresenta-se como excelente opção para palatoplastias primárias, oferecendo altos índices de sucesso e poucas complicações associadas.

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Barulin, A. E., O. V. Kurushina, and B. M. Kalinchenko. "Efficacy of combined use of muscle relaxants and topical forms of NSAIDs in anti-pain therapy of cervicalgia and cervicobihalgia." Medical alphabet 1, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-2(377)-6-10.

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A clinical study of the use of tolperisone (Kalmyrex) in combination with the topical form of meloxicam (Amelotex) in the treatment of dorsopathies was conducted. The feasibility of combining muscle relaxants with topical NSAIDs in the treatment of acute pain syndromes with static-dynamic and musculo-tonic changes in vertebral pathology was demonstrated.

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Scherer, Daniele, and Daniel Feldman. "Atualização em farmacologia da dor: quais são as opções atuais para o tratamento da dor crônica?" Revista Paulista de Reumatologia, no. 2021 abr-jun;20(2) (June 30, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46833/reumatologiasp.2021.20.2.39-44.

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A dor é uma experiência multifatorial considerada hoje como o quinto sinal vital. Quando persiste por mais de 3 meses passa a ser considerada crônica, trazendo morbidade, perda de qualidade de vida e aumentando o risco de outras doenças, como transtornos de humor. Quando falamos de dor crônica, várias classes de medicamentos podem estar indicadas para o seu tratamento, sendo importante entender a farmacologia e características de cada uma para poder individualizar o tratamento e minimizar os efeitos adversos. Os antidepressivos atualmente são considerados peças fundamentais para o tratamento da dor crônica, já que são capazes de modular as vias de dor e reduzir a amplificação dolorosa. Os principais exemplos são os tricíclicos, que aumentam a capacidade da via descendente inibitória da dor, e os duais (inibidores da recaptação da serotonina e noradrenalina), hoje aprovados para o tratamento da fibromialgia e da dor neuropática. Os relaxantes musculares podem ser considerados como adjuvantes no tratamento da dor crônica, sendo boas opções terapêuticas em doenças que causam dor associada à contratura ou espasmos musculares. Já os opioides são uma das principais escolhas no tratamento da dor moderada a intensa, principalmente para a dor de caráter nociceptivo e para a dor oncológica. O conhecimento dos fármacos destas classes é especialmente importante no que tange à escolha da dose, intervalo de administração e efeitos colaterais. Unitermos: Dor crônica. Fibromialgia. Opioides. Antidepressivos. Relaxantes musculares.

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Umlauf, Richard. "Experience of Modified Yamamoto Scalp Acupuncture with Simultaneous Rehabilitation and Soft-Laser Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Acupuncture in Medicine 13, no. 2 (November 1995): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.13.2.85.

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This is an account of methods developed in Czechoslovakia for the treatment of infantile cerebral palsy. Fifty eight children have been treated using a combination of scalp acupuncture, soft laser therapy and intensive exercise. The acupuncture acts as an analgesic and muscle relaxant thus allowing both passive and active exercises to be practised more effectively. Scalp acupuncture is more practical than body acupuncture as the needles are well out of the way and do not interfere with muscular movement. The neurological benefits are not confined to the development of more normal physical capacity, but extend also to an improvement in mental ability.

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Habib, Ashraf S., and Holly A. Muir. "Tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants for caesarean section in patients with spinal muscular atrophy." International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 14, no. 4 (October 2005): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2004.12.012.

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Ratz, P. H., A. S. Miner, Y. Huang, C. A. Smith, and R. W. Barbee. "Vascular smooth muscle desensitization in rabbit epigastric and mesenteric arteries during hemorrhagic shock." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): H157—H167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00926.2015.

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The decompensatory phase of hemorrhage (shock) is caused by a poorly defined phenomenon termed vascular hyporeactivity (VHR). VHR may reflect an acute in vivo imbalance in levels of contractile and relaxant stimuli favoring net vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxation. Alternatively, VHR may be caused by intrinsic VSM desensitization of contraction resulting from prior exposure to high levels of stimuli that temporarily adjusts cell signaling systems. Net relaxation, but not desensitization, would be expected to resolve rapidly in an artery segment removed from the in vivo shock environment and examined in vitro in a fresh solution. Our aim was to 1) induce shock in rabbits and apply an in vitro mechanical analysis on muscular arteries isolated pre- and postshock to determine whether VHR involves intrinsic VSM desensitization, and 2) identify whether net VSM relaxation induced by nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activation in vitro can be sustained for some time after relaxant stimulus washout. The potencies of phenylephrine- and histamine-induced contractions in in vitro epigastric artery removed from rabbits posthemorrhage were decreased by ∼0.3 log units compared with the control contralateral epigastric artery removed prehemorrhage. Moreover, a decrease in KCl-induced tonic, relative to phasic, tension of in vitro mesenteric artery correlated with the degree of shock severity as assessed by rates of lactate and K+ accumulation. VSM desensitization was also caused by tyramine in vivo and PE in vitro, but not by relaxant agents in vitro. Together, these results support the hypothesis that VHR during hemorrhagic decompensation involves contractile stimulus-induced long-lasting, intrinsic VSM desensitization.

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Ögün, C. Ö., A. Duman, S. Ökesli, and I. Duman. "Haemodynamic effects of sevoflurane induction without muscular relaxant in children:larengeal mask insertion vs. endotracheal intubation." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 18, Supplement 21 (2001): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200100001-00381.

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Kim, Heung Soo, Seung Youp Baek, Dong Ho Park, and Keon Hee Ryu. "Use of remifentanil and propofol without muscle relaxant with Duchenne muscular dystrophy - A case report -." Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17085/apm.2018.13.1.30.

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Bryson, Ethan O., Amy S. Aloysi, Maya Katz, Dennis Popeo, and Charles H. Kellner. "Rocuronium as Muscle Relaxant for Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Patient With Adult-Onset Muscular Dystrophy." Journal of ECT 27, no. 4 (December 2011): e63-e64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yct.0b013e31821d3541.

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Vivien, Benoît, Sophie Di Maria, Alexandre Ouattara, Olivier Langeron, Pierre Coriat, and Bruno Riou. "Overestimation of Bispectral Index in Sedated Intensive Care Unit Patients Revealed by Administration of Muscle Relaxant." Anesthesiology 99, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200307000-00006.

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Background Electromyographic activity has previously been reported to elevate the Bispectral Index (BIS) in patients not receiving neuromuscular blockade while under sedation in the intensive care unit. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of the decrease of BIS following administration of muscle relaxant in sedated intensive care unit patients. Methods The authors prospectively investigated 45 patients who were continuously sedated with midazolam and sufentanil to achieve a Sedation-Agitation Scale value equal to 1 and who required administration of muscle relaxant. BIS (BIS version 2.10), electromyography, and acceleromyography at the adductor pollicis muscle were recorded simultaneously before and after neuromuscular blockade. Sixteen of these 45 patients were also studied simultaneously with the new BIS XP. Results After administration of a muscle relaxant, BIS (67 +/- 19 vs. 43 +/- 10, P < 0.001) and electromyographic activity (37 +/- 9 vs. 27 +/- 3 dB, P < 0.001) significantly decreased. Multiple regression analysis showed that the decrease of BIS following administration of myorelaxant was significantly correlated to BIS and electromyographic baseline values. Using standard BIS range guidelines, the number of patients under light or deep sedation versus general anesthesia or deep hypnotic state was markedly overestimated before administration of myorelaxant (53 vs. 2%, P < 0.001). Conclusions The BIS in sedated intensive care unit patients may be lower with paralysis for an equivalent degree of sedation because of high muscular activity. The magnitude of BIS overestimation is significantly correlated to both BIS and electromyographic activity before neuromuscular blockade. The authors conclude that clinicians who determine the amount of sedation in intensive care unit patients only from BIS monitoring may expose them to unnecessary oversedation.

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Kim, Kyu-Sang, Won-Sik Shim, Ike Campomayor dela Peña, Eun-Kyung Seo, Woo-Young Kim, Hyo-Eon Jin, Dae-Duk Kim, Suk-Jae Chung, Jae-Hoon Cheong, and Chang-Koo Shim. "Smooth Muscle Relaxation Activity of an Aqueous Extract of Dried Immature Fruit of Poncirus Trifoliata (PF-W) on an Isolated Strip of Rat Ileum." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 8 (August 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800829.

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We demonstrated that an aqueous extract of dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliate (PF-W) produces relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle using the ileac strips of a rat. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of its relaxant activity was investigated. PF-W was prepared using the standard extraction protocol. A 1.5 – 2 cm long rat ileac strip was placed in an organ bath with Tyrode's solution and smooth muscle contractility was recorded by connecting it to a force transducer. Various compounds were added to the organ baths, and changes in muscular contractility were measured. PF-W concentration-dependently induced relaxation of rat ileac strips that were contracted both spontaneously and via acetylcholine treatment. Various potassium channel blockers did not inhibit the relaxation by PF-W. No difference in the effect of PF-W was observed between ileac strips treated with low (20 mM) and high concentrations (60 mM) of KCl. PF-W inhibited the contraction of rat ileac strips induced by extracellular calcium. PF-W acts as a potent smooth muscle relaxant, implicating its possible action as a rapid acting reliever for abdominal pains and a cure for intestinal convulsion. Considering that PF-W also exhibits prokinetic activity, its use in various gastrointestinal disorders seems promising.

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Duarte, Bruna Fonseca, Raul Antonio Cruz, Myrian Camara Brew, Eduardo Grossmann, and Caren Serra Bavaresco. "Avaliação da efetividade de tratamentos conservadores para disfunções temporomandibulares miogênicas: revisão integrativa da literatura." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia - UPF 24, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v24i1.8626.

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Objetivo: revisão integrativa sobre os principais métodos de tratamento conservador para disfunção temporomandibular, sendo eles: placa oclusal, aconselhamento e farmacoterapia. Materiais e método: a busca foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “counseling and temporomandibular joint”; “counseling and facial pain”; “counseling and temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome”; “counseling and temporomandibular joint and drug therapy”; e “counseling and drug therapy and facial pain”. Resultados: no total, foram encontrados 314 estudos nesta pesquisa, porém, somente 8 foram incluídos no estudo. Esses comprovam a eficácia desses métodos de tratamento, fazendo com que o paciente obtenha diminuição da sintomatologia dolorosa, melhora das funções mastigatórias, além de proporcionar um alívio na tensão muscular, devido ao relaxamento das estruturas relacionadas. A placa oclusal tende a diminuir as forças oclusais aplicadas, redistribuindo a carga mastigatória sobre as superfícies oclusais. Alguns fármacos (anti-inflamatórios, antidepressivos e relaxantes musculares) são capazes de minimizar a sintomatologia dolorosa, proporcionando uma melhora na qualidade do sono e a redução de episódios de dor intensa. Por sua vez, o aconselhamento orienta os pacientes para que possam evitar atitudes que piorem sua doença, educando-os e conscientizando-os sobre seus hábitos parafuncionais, além de reduzir os fatores causadores de sintomatologia dolorosa. Conclusão: conseguimos observar que esses tratamentos apresentam índices de sucesso relevantes, quando se referem à diminuição dos sintomas, especialmente o aconselhamento, que ainda é uma terapia conservadora pouco explorada. Faz-se necessária a realização de mais estudos neste campo, para que sejam obtidos resultados cada vez mais concretos e conclusivos.

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Nagashima, A., E. Tanaka, S. Inomata, and S. Misawa. "A study of the in vitro clinical interaction between lidocaine and premedications using rat liver microsomes." Human & Experimental Toxicology 21, no. 8 (August 2002): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht279oa.

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In this study, we have investigated the relationship between lidocaine metabolism and premedication, i.e., psychotropic and anti-anxiety agents (diazepam, midazolam), hypnotics (pentobarbital, thiamylal), depolarizing muscular relaxants (vecuronium, pancuronium and suxamethonium), an active anti-hypertensive (clonidine) and an H2 receptor antagonist (cimetidine) using rat hepatic microsomes in vitro. Lidocaine metabolism was noncompetitively inhibited by midazolam (Ki=29.0 mM). Thilamylal was a moderate competitive inhibitor of lidocaine metabolism (Ki=77.8 mM). Pentobarbital, diazepam and cimetidine weakly inhibited lidocaine metabolism formation in a concentration-dependent manner at high substrate concentrations. On the other hand, vecuronium, pancuronium, suxamethonium and clonidine did not inhibit lidocaine metabolism over the therapeutic range. These results show that the interaction between lidocaine and midazolam and thiamylal, catalyzed by a similar cytochrome P450, is of potential importance in toxicological and clinical studies.

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Tiglis, Mirela, Ioana Cristina Grintescu, Tiberiu Paul Neagu, Flavia Liliana Turcu, Andra Maria Cocolos, and Ioana Marina Grintescu. "Sugammadex: What to Know for Your Daily Practice." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.2.6113.

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Sugammadex (Bridion) represents a class named muscle relaxant encapsulator. It can be used to reverse the neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium in case of general anesthesia. Its molecular weight is 2.178 g/mol, with a structure consisting in a ring of eight negative charges. It has no receptor interaction in human body and it is eliminated via kidney, being contraindicated in end-stage kidney disease patients. Sugammadex has few side effects but there are same case reports about allergic reactions. Only three drugs can actually interact with sugammadex: toremifene, flucloxacillin and fusidic acid. It can be used in elderly and pediatric patients, in morbidly obese patients, patients with hepatic insufficiency or mild and moderate renal insufficiency or in muscular disease. Despite its beneficial use, the high price remains its main issue.

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Liu, Xiu-Fen, Dong-Xin Wang, and Daqing Ma. "Using General Anesthesia plus Muscle Relaxant in a Patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type IV: A Case Report." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/743587.

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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, which results in hypotonia and muscle weakness. Patients with type IV SMA often have onset of weakness from adulthood. Anesthetic management is often difficult in these patients as a result of muscle weakness and hypersensitivity to neuromuscular blocking agents as shown by (Lunn and Wang; 2008, Simic; 2008, and Cifuentes-Diaz et al.; 2002). Herein we report a case of anesthetic management of a patient with SMA type IV for mammectomy and review some other cases of SMA patients receiving different kinds of anesthesia.

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Muller, M. J., T. Prior, R. H. Hunt, and P. K. Rangachari. "Accelerated communication H1 contractile and H2 relaxant receptors in canine gastric muscularis mucosae." Life Sciences 52, no. 7 (January 1993): PL49—PL53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(93)90461-b.

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Clemens, A., S. Katsoulis, R. Nustede, J. Seebeck, K. Seyfarth, C. Morys-Wortmann, G. E. Feurle, U. R. Folsch, and W. E. Schmidt. "Relaxant effect of xenin on rat ileum is mediated by apamin-sensitive neurotensin-type receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 272, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): G190—G196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.1.g190.

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The action of xenin, a novel 25-residue peptide of the neurotensin (NT)/xenopsin family, was investigated in isolated rat ileal muscle strips and in dispersed longitudinal smooth muscle cells of rat small intestine in vitro. Xenin relaxes KCl-precontracted ileal strips dose dependently (1 nM-3 microM). The order of potency of the investigated peptides was as follows: xenopsin = NT = xenin > neuromedin N. Kinetensin was inactive. Tetrodotoxin, hexamethonium, tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine, and NG-nitro-L-arginine did not influence the relaxant effects of xenin or NT, whereas the K+ channel blocker apamin nearly abolished their effects. Desensitization against one of the peptides or blockade of NT receptors by SR-48692 prevented the effect of xenin and NT. Structure-activity experiments revealed that the COOH-terminal part of the molecules of xenin and NT is essential for biological activity. Experiments with isolated dispersed smooth muscle cells and binding studies on intestinal smooth muscle cell membranes confirmed and extended the results obtained with muscle strips. In conclusion, xenin relaxes rat ileal smooth muscle via a muscular NT-type apamin-sensitive receptor.

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Moukas, M., AN Chalazonitis, P. Dimou, A. Patsalides, Cr Kouraziotis, E. Xinis, C. Mandragos, M. Vasiliou, and PK Behrakis. "Muscular mass and subcutaneous fat changes according to duration of ICU hospitalization with corticosteroid and muscle relaxant intake." Critical Care 4, Suppl 1 (2000): P169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc889.

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Narvarte, Danik A., and Jaume Rosset-Llobet. "Safety of Subcutaneous Microinjections (Mesotherapy) in Musicians." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2011.2012.

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OBJECTIVE: Determine the safety and tolerance of mesotherapy as a technique for the treatment of musculoskeletal complaints in musicians. METHOD: 67 patients (55.2% women) were subjected to a total of 267 mesotherapy sessions. A mesotherapy needle or normal needle was used randomly. The drugs employed were thiocolchicoside and diazepam as muscular relaxants, pentoxifylline or buflomedil as vasodilators, and piroxicam as an anti-inflammatory, as directed. A visual analogue scale was used to quantify the pain produced by the microinjections as well as the degree of immediate and midterm side effects as reported on a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: A mean of 155.5 microinjections were performed per session, of which 45.6% were perceived as painful by the patient with a mean severity of 4.3 out of 10. The pain reduced to 0.5 out of 10 after 24 hours. The most sensitive areas were the levator scapulae and splenius muscles. Systemic symptoms were reported by 5.99% of the musicians after the mesotherapy sessions (muscular weakness 1.5%, rash 1.5%, drowsiness 1.1% and itching 1.1%, being the most frequent). The mean severity of these symptoms was 2.77 out of 10. In all cases the symptoms had completely disappeared after 24 hours. No patient referred to signs of local or systemic infection. CONCLUSIONS: The application of drugs by means of subcutaneous injections (mesotherapy) in musicians is a technique that is safe, well tolerated, and without any severe complications.

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Lavanya, Andiappan, Kilambi Narasimhan, and Vediappen Padmini. "Benzofuran: A Key Heterocycle - Ring Closure And Beyond." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 224–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x16666190710122912.

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: The benzofuranyl motif present in compounds exhibits various medicinal properties and non-drug applications. These derivatives are naturally occurring compounds or synthetic materials, which cover a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti- depressant, anti-HIV, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, anti-convulsant, cytotoxic, analgesic, etc. Few of the commercially interesting compounds from this class are, ailanthoidol (anti-inflammatory), amiodarone, dronedarone, celivarone (anti-arrhythmic), bufuralol (muscular airways relaxant), morphine, 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran; 5-APB, 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran; 6-APB (CNS), rifampicin (antibiotic), etc., whereas, some of the non-drug applications are in perfumery industry (bergapten) and as tannin activators in sunscreen preparations (psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, and angelicin). Considering these interesting biological activities and commercial utilities, a review on the synthetic aspects of this privileged scaffold was attempted. For the benefit of natural product-based drug discovery, available sources of these derivatives, extraction process and reported biological activities have also been outlined in this review.

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Vlasuk, George P., Robert W. Babilon, Ruth F. Nutt, Terry M. Ciccarone, and Raymond J. Winquist. "The actions of atrial natriuretic factor on the vascular wall." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 1684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-264.

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The actions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on the vascular wall are diverse and show a profound regional heterogeneity. ANF is a potent relaxant of aortic smooth muscle, a response which is associated with activation of particulate guanylate cyclase and elevation in tissue levels of cyclic GMP. However, many large and small muscular arteries and most veins are unresponsive to the peptide. The regional vascular heterogeneity may be due to an altered distribution of high affinity receptors and (or) alterations in the coupling of receptor activation to elevations in cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Species differences exist in the structural requirements for receptor activation as well as the effects of infused ANF on peripheral resistance. Although the relaxation to ANF in vitro does not require an intact endothelium, endothelial cells contain multiple receptor subtypes for ANF. Differences amongst tissues and (or) species in the receptor profile for ANF may, in part, explain some of heterogeneity in responsiveness to ANF.

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Webb, A. J., P. Imlah, and A. E. Carden. "Succinylcholine and halothane as a field test for the heterozygote at the halothane locus in pigs." Animal Science 42, no. 2 (April 1986): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100017992.

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ABSTRACTReaction to the muscle relaxant succinylcholine was investigated as a possible method of distinguishing the heterozygote from the normal homozygote at the halothane locus. Totals of 54 assumed heterozygotes and 67 assumed homozygotes received intravenous succinylcholine during halothane anaesthesia at 6 to 10 weeks of age. Three separate measures of the duration and severity of the muscular reaction to succinylcholine were all significantly increased in heterozygotes compared with homozygotes. The genotypic difference for one of the three reaction traits was significantly influenced by the day of testing. Due to overlapping distributions for the two genotypes, succinylcholine reactions did not offer a precise method of identifying individual heterozygotes. Although test mating to recessive homozygotes would still be required to be certain of eliminating the halothane gene, the gene frequency among prosepective parents for test mating could be substantially reduced by succinylcholine screening. Due to the expertise and time required, succinylcholine testing would probably only be worthwhile for the production of specialized homozygous lines at nucleus level.

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Jonsson, Malin, Michael Dabrowski, David A. Gurley, Olof Larsson, Edwin C. Johnson, Bertil B. Fredholm, and Lars I. Eriksson. "Activation and Inhibition of Human Muscular and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Succinylcholine." Anesthesiology 104, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200604000-00017.

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Background Succinylcholine is one of the most widely used muscle relaxants in clinical anesthesia and emergency medicine. Although the clinical advantages and cardiovascular side effects are well known, its mechanism of action within the human nicotinic cholinergic receptor system remains to be understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of succinylcholine on human muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Methods Xenopus laevis oocytes were injected with human messenger RNA for muscle and neuronal nAChR subunits. Receptor activation, desensitization, and inhibition induced by the natural ligand acetylcholine or by succinylcholine was studied using a multichannel two-electrode voltage clamp setup. Responses were measured as peak current and net charge. Results Succinylcholine concentration-dependently activated the muscle-type nAChR with an EC50 value of 10.8 microm (95% confidence interval, 9.8-11.9 microm), and after the initial activation, succinylcholine desensitized the muscle-type nAChR. Succinylcholine did not activate the neuronal nAChR subtypes alpha3beta2, alpha3beta4, alpha4beta2, or alpha7 at concentrations up to 1 mm and was a poor inhibitor at these receptor subtypes, with IC50 values above 100 microm. Conclusion Succinylcholine activates the muscle-type nAChR followed by desensitization. The observation that succinylcholine does not inhibit the presynaptic alpha3beta2 autoreceptor at clinically relevant concentrations provides a possible mechanistic explanation for the typical lack of tetanic fade in succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade. Finally, cardiovascular side effects (e.g., tachyarrhythmias) of succinylcholine are not mediated via direct activation of the autonomic ganglionic alpha3beta4 subtype because succinylcholine does not activate the neuronal nAChRs.

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Akbarali, H., D. Bieger, and C. R. Triggle. "Effects of cold storage on relaxation responses in the rat oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-005.

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Tetrodotoxin-resistant relaxations produced by electrical field stimulation, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and A23187 (calimycin) were investigated in the rat isolated oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae subjected to cold storage of varied duration. Cold storage for 2 days abolished cholinergic nerve mediated contractions to field stimulation; however, field stimulation evoked relaxations and muscarinic agonist evoked contractions persisted undiminished. After 5 days of cold storage, field-stimulated relaxations, as well as tension generating capacity of the tissue, were significantly reduced. Proximodistal differences were observed in tunica muscularis mucosae sensitivity to the relaxant effects of serotonin and A23187 and these were exaggerated after cold storage. In the distal segment, cold storage for 2 days unmasked ketanserin-sensitive 5-HT receptors mediating contractions. Similarly, A23187 induced contractions rather than relaxation in cold-stored distal tunica muscularis mucosae; however, this effect was resistant to ketanserin. Immunohistochemical staining by means of the peroxidase–antiperoxidase technique revealed 5-HT-like immunoreactive "mast cells" within the tunica muscularis mucosae. These cells appeared to be associated with the smooth muscle rather than the vasculature. It is concluded that (i) field-stimulated relaxation is not dependent on intramural nerves, and (ii) it is unlikely that the release of 5-HT from mast cells or other cells mediates field-stimulated relaxation. However, confirmation awaits the provision of an antagonist against the novel 5-HT receptor that mediates 5-HT-induced relaxations.

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Niki, Miyuki, Taihei Tachikawa, Yuka Sano, Hiroki Miyawaki, Aisa Matoi, Yukari Okano, Nobutaka Kariya, Tsuneo Tatara, and Munetaka Hirose. "Previously Undiagnosed Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy as a Cause of Airway Obstruction after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9780265.

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Background. Preoperative vocal cord paralysis is a risk factor for postoperative respiratory distress following extubation after general anesthesia. We present an unusual case where a geriatric patient developed airway obstruction after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.Case Presentation. A 67-year-old male, who had suffered from left vocal cord paralysis of unknown etiology, was scheduled for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). General anesthesia was performed without any problems. The patient, however, developed airway obstruction one hour after extubation and was reintubated following commencement of mechanical ventilation for one day. At the age of 70 years, the patient received an emergency tracheostomy due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis and then was diagnosed with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Although no muscle weakness of either upper or lower extremities was observed, rocuronium showed hypersensitivity during total laryngectomy under general anesthesia.Conclusions. Vocal cord paralysis combined with postoperative laryngeal edema, the cause of which was presumed to be SBMA, likely caused airway obstruction after RALP. As neuromuscular symptoms progress gradually in patients with SBMA, muscle relaxants should be used carefully, even if patients with SBMA present no immobility of their extremities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Relaxante muscular'

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