Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relaxation contrainte'
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Ebba, Frédéric Emery. "Influence de la lubrification sur la relaxation de contrainte." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2002AIX22950.pdf.
Full textPrisacari, Vasile-Ionut. "Modelisation de la relaxation partielle de la contrainte moyenne et essais biaxiaux sur l’Inco718DA." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN006/document.
Full textTo improve the characterization and design of aircraft engine turbine disks, the propulsion systems manufacturer Safran Aircraft Engines (SAE) develops constitutive equations, damage laws and fatigue criteria that are more adapted to real loadings. As part of this effort, the purpose of the current study is to develop a plasticity model for Inco718DA (a nickel-based alloy used in the manufacturing of high-pressure turbine disks), capable of representing several loading conditions (monotonic, symmetrical and non-symmetrical cyclic loading). The identification of the model was possible thanks to a uniaxial campaign, favoring a few but complex, innovative, tests to numerous costly fatigue tests. The tests we performed include a monotonic test with elastic discharges, a multi-level Rε = -1 test and two multi-level Rε = 0 tests that better quantify the mean stress relaxation and a test to identify ratcheting. The cyclic behavior was identified using a non-saturating kinematic hardening law with elements of Chaboche's memory surface. One of the challenges was to obtain sharp stabilized loops in a saturated cyclic plasticity regime, which was possible using parameter Γ evolving with respect to the maximum equivalent plastic strain, in the back-stress of kinematic hardening rule.A second difficulty appears in the description of mean stress relaxation, which has a considerable impact on fatigue lifetime. In chapter 3, a model is proposed for the description of the incomplete mean stress relaxation. One of the originalities is the idea that incomplete mean stress relaxation is a direct consequence of the difference between the loading and the unloading part of the hysteresis loop. The parameter we used to describe this difference, was the prefactor of the back-stress term Γ, for which the thermodynamics allows liberty. When compared to confirmed kinematic hardening laws that model non-zero mean stress relaxation, our model presents the advantage of using only one backstress, even if its description is more complex. Moreover, the model is incremental (written in a rate form in chapter 3 section 5) so it can take into account complex loadings such as multi-level strain-controlled tests.In the last chapter of the thesis, a vast biaxial campaign is presented, along with developments to make biaxial strain-controlled tests. The biaxial campaign was performed on cross-shaped samples using LASER sensors, mono and stereo full-field measurements using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). In order to analyze biaxial mean stress relaxation, a reliable measurement and control method had to be developed for the high plastic strains occurring in the region of interest of the sample. By using an Integrated-DIC (I-DIC) algorithm with adequate shape functions on one element and GPU computations we were able to obtain measurement frequencies of 100 Hz. Moreover, with its precision and speed, I-DIC proved to be a suitable technique for controlling a biaxial hydraulic machine. An important result obtained when performing equi-biaxial I-DIC strain-controlled tests was that there was very little biaxial mean stress relaxation, with respect to the uniaxial case. This result will have to be taken into account in future studies when performing finite element computations of the whole sample
Mrabet, Kaïs. "Comportement mécanique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène haute densité : approche thermodynamique de l'état relaxé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL036N.
Full textThe semicrystalline polymers are the subject of many scientific researchs aiming to understanding their microscopic mechanisms of deformation. Nevertheless, the modelling which we currently find in the literature do not approach the mechanical tests with unloading or the cyclic tests at large strains. Among the reasons of these insufficiencies appears themultiplicity of the internal reorganization processes which is seldom described finely in the physical modelling. Moreover, a main aspect of the semicrystalline polymer behaviour is often ignored, it acts of the relaxed state. Within the framework of formalism Distribution of Non Linear Relaxation (D. N. L. R. ), we are interested more closely in these two aspects of the mechanical behaviour: multiplicity of the mechanisms, relaxed state. To clarify these two concepts, the objective was to characterize the relaxed state at large strains and to propose a physical modelling based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and on the microscopic aspects of the deformation. The distribution of the weights of the various modes has been described following observations given by a clip tests. The material used is the High Density Polyethylene HOPE. The tests were carried out with VideoTraction technology. The relaxed state modulus measured during tension loading is definitely more important than that of the unloading, which translates a damage phenomenon. The irreversibility of the relaxed state imposes that the modelling must use a functional formulation which integrates the memory effect and damage. In addition, the dip test has shawn the presence of mechanical cross over. A bibliographical study showed that this phenomenon is closely related to the processes multiplicity. Thus, we have shawn that the modal partition adopted in practice has to be re-examined. We have shawn that the modelling set up is able to reproduce complex loadings, in particular the cyclic tests with relaxation, and to predict behavior very depending on the. Loading history and the irreversible relaxed state
CAO, WEI. "Adoucissement cyclique des aciers et relaxation des contraintes residuelles de grenaillage en fatigue." Paris, ENSAM, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENAM0002.
Full textPialasse, Jean-Philippe. "Effet de l'ajout d'une contrainte de charge et de vitesse sur le phénomène de flexion relaxation cervical." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1325/1/030145873.pdf.
Full textBrimont, Christelle. "Dynamique de relaxation de spin excitonique dans le nitrure de gallium." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369456.
Full textHenri, Victor. "Identification et analyse des marqueurs de vieillissement pour polymères isolants sous contrainte thermique en aéronautique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30066.
Full textThis work deals with the determination of ageing markers of high-performance polymers for electrical insulation applications in aeronautics. Most of power cables are made of a successive winding of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) PTFE and poly(imide) PI. This research is focused on the effects of thermal ageing on the physico-chemical structure of these polymers in order to link them to changes in thermomechanical and electrical behaviours. For PTFE, enthalpic and mechanical relaxations are strongly impacted by changes in chemical structure associated to a depolymerisation mechanism. The values of the enthalpy of crystallization and of the amplitude of the ß mechanical relaxation associated with the crystal/crystal transition, can be used as markers of thermal ageing for PTFE. For PI, changes in the chemical structure associated to the scission - recombination mechanism, highlight the formation of heterogeneities, modifying sorption process and electrical charge transport as measured in broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The evolution of the diffusion mechanism and of the activation energy of the electrical conductivity, constitute pertinent ageing markers for PI
Gomes, De Figueiredo Bruno. "Integration of in situ stress measurements in a non-elastic rock mass." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAH022/document.
Full textA case study is considered in which data produced by different techniques have been gathered in various locations within a rock mass in which topography effects are most likely significant. Measurements were performed for the design of a re-powering scheme that includes a new hydraulic conduit and an underground cavern that will primarily be excavated in granite. An integrated approach for extrapolating the results from the various in situ tests to the rock mass volume of interest for the hydroelectric power scheme is presented. This approach includes the development of an equivalent continuum mechanics model. The integration of in situ tests and numerical modelling enables to determine the stress spatial variation which helps ascertain the loading mechanism at the origin of the measured stress field as well as the long-term rheological behavior of the equivalent geomaterial under consideration
Arnoult, Mickaël. "Contribution à l’étude des dynamiques moléculaires associées aux cinétiques de relaxation sous contrainte dans les polymères semi-critallins : Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES039.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the study of the glass transition and of the relaxation phenomenon in glasses. This study is divided into two axis: a/ an experimental study on a linear polymer (PLLA) with different crystallinity degrees and b/ a Monte Carlo computer simulation using the Bond Fluctuating Length (BFL) model. In the first part, the presence of a crystalline phase in PLLA has been shown to have a weak influence on the amorphous phase molecular mobility. However, for intermediate degrees, this crystalline phase can lead to an amorphous phase separation: one phase far and free from the crystal influence, a second phase, closer to the crystals, interacting with the latters and so presenting a lower molecular mobility. In the second part of the work, the glass transition has been simulated using two interaction potentials: a Lennard-Jones (inter-molecular) and a Bond Length (intra-molecular). However, the choice of the ration between this two potential is of a great importance in regard of the result obtained. Isothermal treatments at temperature lower than the ones of the liquid has enlightened two phenomena: at low temperatures is observed the relaxation of a frozen liquid as at temperatures just under the liquid state, an ordering appears during the annealing time
Houzali, Abderrahim. "Contribution a l'etude de la relaxation structurale et des proprietes magnetiques des alliages ferromagnetiques amorphes apres recuit dynamique par effet joule et sous contrainte mecanique." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066387.
Full textBLAIS, JEAN-RENE. "Application de methodes optiques a l'etude de l'arret d'une fissure brutale en milieu fragile, et de la relaxation de contrainte au voisinage d'une bande de cisaillement." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2311.
Full textGrandjean, Nicolas. "Phenomenes de surface en croissance epitaxiale fortement contrainte de in#xga#1##xas (x>0,25) sur gaas(001) : relaxation elastique, transition 2d-3d, effet surfactant." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4719.
Full textMigot, Tangi. "Contributions aux méthodes numériques pour les problèmes de complémentarité et problèmes d'optimisation sous contraintes de complémentarité." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we studied the regularization methods for the numerical resolution of problems with equilibria. In the first part, we focused on the complementarity problems through two applications that are the absolute value equation and the sparse optimization problem. In the second part, we concentrated on optimization problems with complementarity constraints. After studying the optimality conditions of this problem, we proposed a new regularization method, so-called butterfly relaxation. Then, based on an analysis of the regularized sub-problems we defined an algorithm with strong convergence property. Throughout the manuscript, we concentrated on the theoretical properties of the algorithms as well as their numerical applications. In the last part of this document, we presented numerical results using the regularization methods for the mathematical programs with complementarity constraints
Duffrene, Lucas. "Comportement viscoélastique d'un verre silico-sodocalcique dans le domaine des températures intermédiaires : approche phénoménologique et modélisation en triaxialité." Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0515.
Full textNassik, Mostafa. "Deux problèmes de matériaux spéciaux : 1 vieillissement d'alliages à faible relaxation, fluage logarithmique et relaxation de contraintes : 2 analyse thermique de l'activité oxygène et de la résistance ohmique dans les compositions 2212 et 2223 de l'isoplèthe (Bi, Pb)2 Sr2 Ca(n-1) Cun Ox." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10241.
Full textMohamad, Ranim. "Relaxation de la contrainte dans les hétérostructures Al(Ga)InN/GaN pour applications électroniques : modélisation des propriétés physiques et rôle de l'indium dans la dégradation des couches épitaxiales." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC229/document.
Full textFor the fabrication of nitride-based power microwave transistors, the InAlN alloy is considered to be a better barrier than AlGaN thanks to the lattice match with GaN for an indium composition around 18%. Thus the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is generated only by the spontaneous polarization at the AlInN/GaN heterointerface for a production of highest performance transistors. However, during its growth on GaN, its crystalline quality deteriorates with the thickness and V-defects are formed at the layer surface. To determine the sources of this behavior, we carried out a theoretical study by molecular dynamics and ab initio techniques to analyze the stability and the properties of alloys of nitride compounds, focusing particularly on InAlN. The analysis of the phase diagrams showed that this alloy has a wide zone of instability versus the indium composition and a different behavior with InGaN with amplified instability under high compressive strain. By determining the energetic stability of the nitrogen vacancy could be catalyst for forming clusters in this alloy. These InN clusters introduce deep donor levels inside the band gap. With regard to treading dislocations, our results show that they will also tend to capture indium atoms in their cores in order to minimize their energy. Thus, we have been able to provide a theoretical basis that show that the nitrogen vacancy participates in the spontaneous degradation of the AlInN layers and that the threading dislocations participate by attracting the indium atoms and thus reinforcing the separation of phase in their vicinity
Beznasyuk, Daria Vyacheslavovna. "Nanofils à hétérostructures axiales GaAs/InAs pour applications photoniques sur Si." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY032/document.
Full textCombining direct bandgap III-V compound semiconductors, such as InAs and GaAs, with silicon to realize on-chip optical light emitters and detectors at telecommunication wavelengths is an important technological objective. However, traditional thin film epitaxy of InAs and GaAs on silicon is challenging because of the high lattice mismatch between the involved materials. These epitaxial thin films exhibit a poor quality at the interface with silicon, limiting the performance of future devices. Nanowires can overcome the mismatch challenge owing to their small lateral size and high aspect ratio. Thanks to their free, unconstrained surfaces, nanowires release the mismatch strain via elastic lateral relaxation. In this context, my thesis aimed at growing axial GaAs/InAs nanowire heterostructures on silicon substrates to realize on-chip, integrated, single-photon emitters. In this experimental work, I grew nanowires by gold-assisted vapor liquid solid mechanism in a molecular beam epitaxy reactor. The nanowires were then characterized using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate their composition and crystalline structure. Strain distribution was studied experimentally using geometrical phase analysis and compared theoretically with finite element simulations, performed with the COMSOL software. During this thesis, I tackled different challenges inherent to axial nanowire heterostructures, such as kinking during material exchange, compositionally graded interfaces, and radial overgrowth. First, I developed an optimized a growth protocol to prevent the formation of kinks. Kinks usually appear when the gold catalyst at the nanowire tip has been destabilized. By keeping a high supersaturation in the gold droplet during the entire growth procedure, straight InAs-on-GaAs nanowires were achieved with a yield exceeding 90%. By a careful tuning of the material fluxes supplied during growth, I significantly improved the interface sharpness between the InAs and GaAs nanowire segments: the use of a high In flux during the growth of the InAs segment resulted in a 5 nm composition gradient at the InAs/GaAs interface. Through the careful analysis of the nanowires’ chemical composition, I observed that the nominally pure InAs segments grown on top of GaAs are in fact ternary InxGa1-xAs alloys. I found out that Ga incorporation in the nominal InAs segment is due to the diffusion of Ga adatoms thermally created on the GaAs nanowire sidewalls and on the two-dimensional GaAs layer grown on silicon substrate. I demonstrated that the use of large nanowire diameters prevents Ga diffusion along the nanowire sidewalls, resulting in the growth of pure InAs segments on top of GaAs. Finally, I studied how 7% mismatch strain at the InAs/GaAs interface is distributed along the nanowire, depending on the nanowire diameter and interface sharpness. I observed that nanowires with diameters below 40 nm are free of misfit dislocations regardless of the interface sharpness: strain is fully, elastically released via crystalline planes bending close to the nanowire sidewalls. On the other hand, nanowires with diameters above 95 nm at the interface exhibit strain relaxation, both elastically and plastically, via plane bending and the formation of misfit dislocations, respectively. In conclusion, I have successfully fabricated highly mismatched heterostructures, confirming the prediction that axial GaAs/InAs interfaces are pseudomorphic below a certain critical diameter. These findings establish a first step towards the realization of high quality InAs quantum dots in GaAs nanowires on silicon: a promising system for on-chip single photon emission
Langer, Robert. "Les contraintes et leurs effets dans les hétérostructures semiconductrices de nitrure d'élément III." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10043.
Full textEstibals, Élise. "Modélisation MHD et simulation numérique par des méthodes volumes finis. Application aux plasmas de fusion." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4023/document.
Full textThis work deals with the modeling of fusion plasma which is discussed by using a bi-temperature Euler model and the ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ones. First, these models are established from the bi-fluid MHD equations and we show that they correspond to different asymptotic regimes for lowly or highly magnetized plasma. Next, we describe the finite volume methods for structured and non-structured meshes which have been used to approximate the solution of these models. For the three mathematical models studied in this thesis, the numerical methods are based on relaxation schemes. In order to apply those methods to magnetic confinement fusion problems, we explain how to modify the finite volume methods to apply it to problem given in cylindrical coordinates while keeping a strong conservative formulation. Finally, a strategy dealing with the divergence-free constraint of the magnetic field is studied. A set of numerical tests for the three models is presented for different geometries to validate the proposed numerical methods
Jussien, Narendra. "Relaxation de Contraintes pour les problèmes dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293897.
Full textDurant cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la définition d'un système de relaxation de contraintes permettant de maintenir une propriété donnée dans un environnement dynamique. Nous avons mené ces travaux depuis une présentation abstraite d'un tel système jusqu'à son implémentation.
Nous présentons un schéma algorithmique général abstrait de la recherche d'une solution à un problème sur-contraint basée sur l'exploration en meilleur d'abord d'un espace de configurations. Nous en donnons trois instances pour traiter les contraintes linéaires sur les rationnels, les Constraint Satisfaction Problems et les CSP numériques. Les deux dernières sont définies à l'aide d'un système de maintien de déduction dont la ma\^\itrise raisonnée nous a permis de donner une implémentation de ces instances ayant une bonne complexité : le système DECorum.
Nous montrons, par le biais d'un certain nombre d'expérimentations, que l'utilisation de DECorum permet de retrouver les résultats classiques sur la transition de phase, de résoudre raisonnablement des problèmes de grande taille et d'utiliser la structure du problème résolu pour améliorer la recherche.
Enfin, nous proposons la contrainte one-of permettant de modéliser et de résoudre une disjonction de contraintes en tirant profit du mécanisme d'exploration de DECorum. Nous validons l'intérêt de la contrainte one-of sur des problèmes d'ordonnancement : les Open-Shop.
Jussien, Narendra. "Relaxation de contraintes pour les problemes dynamiques." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10150.
Full textTassin, Jean-François. "Analyse des processus moléculaires de relaxation de chaines dans les polymères en cours d'étirage : confrontation avec le modèle de Doi-Edwards." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066492.
Full textQuélard, Didier. "Etude par deformation plastique et frottement interieur de la mobilite des dislocations dans gaas et insb non dopes." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0003.
Full textMétivier, Jean-Philippe. "Relaxation de contraintes globales : mise en œuvre et application." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2012.
Full textIn Constraint Programming, global constraints have led to major changes in terms of modeling (synthesizing sets of constraints) and solving (using filtering techniques inherited from other areas such as Operational Research or Artificial Intelligence). Moreover, many real life problems are over-constrained (they have no solution). In this case, it is necessary to soften some constraints. Many studies have been conducted on unary and binary constraints, but very few on global constraints. In this thesis, we study global constraint softening with preferences. We propose different semantics of violation for several global constraints (i. E. AllDifferent, Gcc and Regular). For each softening semantics, we propose algorithms to check consistency and to remove inconsistent values (filtering). The results of this thesis have been successfully applied to Nurse Rostering Problems (NRPs) that are generally over-constrained and very difficult to solve
Bouacheria, Bachir. "Relaxation des contraintes d'un alliage laminé zinc - cuivre -titane." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10005.
Full textMetivier, Jean-Philippe. "Relaxation de contraintes globales : Mise en oeuvre et Application." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016976.
Full textDemassey, Sophie. "Méthodes hybrides de programmation par contraintes et programmation linéaire pour le problème d'ordonnancement de projet à contrainte de ressources." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293564.
Full textLa réputation d'extrême difficulté du RCPSP a mené nombre de chercheurs à proposer de nouvelles méthodes de résolution exacte toujours plus performantes pour ce problème. Malgré cela, les instances de tailles réelles, qui se recontrent fréquemment, par exemple dans la gestion de production industrielle, sont encore loins d'être résolues optimalement. Il est donc intéressant, en combinant les acquis des travaux précédents, en particulier en programmation par contraintes (PPC) et en programmation linéaire (PL), de se pencher sur des méthodes exactes innovantes ou encore de développer des procédures d'évaluation par défaut, pour permettre une meilleure estimation de la performance des heuristiques sur le RCPSP. Ce travail de thèse entre dans ce cadre.
Dans un premier temps, nous nous attachons au calcul de bornes inférieures pour le RCPSP par relaxation lagrangienne. D'une part, nous cherchons à accélerer le calcul de la borne de Brucker et Knust (obtenue par hybridation de PPC et de génération de colonnes) en résolvant le programme linéaire sous-jacent par relaxation lagrangienne (méthodes de sous-gradient et de génération de contraintes). D'autre part, nous appliquons le même principe de relaxation lagrangienne, sur la formulation linéaire initiale de Mingozzi et al. dont est extraite la relaxation préemptive utilisée par Brucker et Knust. Une partie du problème se réduit alors, comme indiqué par Möhring et al., au calcul d'une coupe minimale dans un graphe.
Nous étudions ensuite, un second type de bornes inférieures, obtenu par des méthodes de coupes basées sur les relaxations continues de deux formulations linéaires entières. Ces programmes linéaires sont au préalable resserés par des techniques éprouvées de propagation de contraintes, dont la règle globale du shaving. L'originalité de notre méthode repose essentiellement dans la génération des coupes qui sont, en grande partie, directement déduites des règles de propagation de contraintes.
Enfin, nous proposons une méthode originale de résolution exacte pour le RCPSP, basée sur la procédure de Resolution Search de Chvàtal, une alternative aux méthodes de Branch-and-Bound classiques et qui se rapproche du Dynamic Backtracking en programmation par contraintes. Dans Resolution Search, l'espace de recherche ne se présente pas comme un arbre, puisqu'il s'agit, à chaque fois qu'un noeud terminal est rencontré, de rechercher par backtrakings successifs, les fixations minimales qui font de ce noeud un noeud terminal. L'ensemble des ces fixations est alors stocké de manière intelligente de façon à les exclure de l'espace de recherche. Resolution Search a été initialement développée pour la résolution de programmes linéaires en variables binaires, mais n'a semble-t'il jamais été employée dans le cadre de problèmes spécifiques.
Dans le but de prouver son efficacité, nous commencons par l'appliquer basiquement à deux formulations linéaires en variables binaires pour le RCPSP et la comparons à une version tout aussi basique de Branch-and-bound.
Nous en poursuivons l'étude en utilisant des règles de branchement et d'évaluation ayant déjà prouvé leur efficacité dans des implémentations classiques de méthodes arborescentes pour le RCPSP, telles que celles de Brucker et al., Carlier et Latapie, Demeulemeester et Herroelen.
GETREY, CHRISTOPHE. "Relaxation des contraintes sous irradiation dans les superalliages base nickel." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0791.
Full textBenoist, Thierry. "Relaxations et décompositions combinatoires." Avignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AVIG0135.
Full textArada, Nadir. "Contrôle optimal d'équations paraboliques avec contraintes sur l'état : relaxation et stabilité." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30101.
Full textGiot, Richard. "Interprétation des mesures de contraintes par relaxation dans les formations argileuses profondes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL117N.
Full textA new interpretation method of in situ tests, applying inverse problems theory to the initial stresses identification for any constitutive law of the rock mass, has been developped on the basis of overcoring test. It uses probabilistic methods to minimise a cost functional quantizing the discard between calculated and measured data, coupled with finite element simulations of the test under consideration. Concerning the overcoring test, the inversion strategy has been successfully applied to real tests performed in the Opalinus clay of Mont Terri rock laboratory under the hypothesis of an anisotropic elastic constitutive law. The method will be applied latter considering an anisotropic elasto-plastic constitutive law developed and implemented in the frame of this thesis for the Opalinus clay. The initial stresses identification method developed has also been used for back analysis of dilatometer tests with an elasto-plastic associated Drucker-Prager constitutive law with softening
Benmouffek, Jérôme. "Utilisation des méthodes de relaxation pour la reconnaissance d'empreintes animales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL006N.
Full textMellouli, Racem. "Ordonnancement sur machines parallèles avec contraintes d'indisponibilité." Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0022.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to parallel machine scheduling with availability constraints for minimizing the flow time. We studied three theoretical models of this problem. The objective is to propose theoretical optimization methods that effectively solve these problems. We develop various approaches. Indeed, we proposed heuristic methods that improved classical methods from literature. Three types of exact approaches were considered : methods based on mixes integer linear programming, branch-and-bound methods using different branching schemes and methods based on dynamic programming. We also proposed constructive and iterative lower bounding schemes. In particular, lower bounds based on Lagrangian relaxation are combined with different tools from operational research, such as the subgradient method, dynamic programming and job splitting. Moreover, a method based on column generation has been developed based on a particular formulation of the problem. Auxiliary problems are solves with a heuristic method and an exact method using the dynamic programming. Furthermore, we proved several mathematical properties and proposed new lower bounds for a model already studied in the literature. Finally, we have studied worst-case performance for simple heuristics and a lower bound
Neto, José. "Développement d'algorithmes de génération de contraintes et extensions." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELE0003.
Full textSince they first appeared in the 50's, contraint generation algorithms are now commonly used when solving hard problems through a linear programming approach. In these algorithms, a relaxation of the formulation containing only a subset of the constraints is first solved. Then a separation procedure is called which adds to the relaxation any inequality of the formulation that is violated by the current solution. The process is iterated until no violated inequality can be found. We propose a modification of this resolution scheme at the level of the separation point used in order to improve performance. More precisely, we introduce two approaches. The first one, entitled In/Out, consists in defining the separation point as a convex combination of an optimal solution for the current relaxation, and of a feasible solution. Numerical experiments have been carried out on different problem types : randomly generated linear programs, survivability network design and multicommodity min-cost flow problems, namely. They show evidence of a potential strong improvement of performances with this kind of procedures. Another developed approach consists in using several points in the separation phase. We study the complexity of this kind of separation generalizing classical procedures, and of some other related problems. Namely we establish polynomial equivalence between a classical single-point separation and the multiple-points separation proposed. Preliminary computational experiments for this kind of separation illustrate efficiency of this approach. Both introduced methods : In/Out and multiple-points essentially differ from classical constraint generation procedures at the level of the point being used for separation. Another way to improve traditional schemes would consist in modifying the separation oracle so as to favour the generation of some particular inequalities. In this thesis we give a general characterization of relaxations with the same set of optimal solution as the one for the original problem, thus leading to an evaluation of the “relevance” of constraints present in the formulation used to get an optimal solution. Finally we report investigations on the maximum cut problem, at two levels. First we establish polynomiality of the separation problem for generalizations of two families of inequalities for some fixed parameter values : the so-called suspended-tree and path-block-cycle inequalities. Then, we introduce and evaluate an original rouding procedure applied to a particular formulation of the problem through a divide-and-conquer approach
Fierling, Géraldine. "Simulation des phénomènes de relaxation élastique dans les dispositifs opto-électroniques contraints." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0054.
Full textDurand, Nicolas. "Contraintes résiduelles et microstructure dans des films minces de tungstène : évolution sous irradiation." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2336.
Full textDal'Bo, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie optique d'heterostructures a base de tellurure de cadmium epitaxiees par jets moleculaires." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10123.
Full textBigault, T. "Etude des contraintes et des déformations au cours de la croissance de couches métalliques; analyse de la structure et du profil de composition aux interfaces par diffusion des rayons X." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919097.
Full textSenez, Vincent. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle de l'oxydation du silicium : analyse viscoélastique de la relaxation des contraintes." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10024.
Full textEttaouil, Mohamed. "Satisfaction de contraintes non linéaires en variables 0-1 et outils de la programmation quadratique." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132006.
Full textMauduit, Clément. "Evolution des couches grenaillées sous sollicitations mécaniques de l'acier TRIP780 - Etude de la relaxation des contraintes et de la durée de vie en fatigue." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0027/document.
Full textShot peening process aim at enhancing life duration of mechanical parts in industry. Balls introduce a compressive state on the surface of the part by strain hardening the subsurface which must be accommodated by elastic strain. Compressive residual stresses are mainly the origin of the enhancing life duration. These residual stresses evolve during thermomechanical solicitations after shot-peening. Relaxation and life duration are studied at the phase scale in the TRIP780 steel – a multiphased steel (bainite, ferrite and austenite) owning a metastable austenitic phase which can transform in martensite under thermomechanical solicitations. In this steel, life duration gain depends on the compressive residual stresses stability in the different phases during cyclic loads. Bending test were carried out on thick samples to determine life duration in function of shot-peening conditions. With interrupted cyclic test, the evolution of the residual stress profile, phase partition and integral width were characterized by X-ray diffraction in ferritic and austenite phases showing the relaxation of residual stresses following the mechanical loads (loading level and number of cycle). With these experimental results, finite element simulations were carried out to forecast the relaxation. After residual stress numerical generation (fictive thermal method), global and by-phase comportment models were proposed in the case of the low number cycles. In the last part, a post-treatment by multiaxial fatigue criterion like Crossland one integrating relaxation results was proposed. The results were compared to the experimental fatigue curves
Mayencourt, Christine. "Relaxation des contraintes d'interface dans les composites à matrice magnésium étudiée par spectroscopie mécanique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2060.
Full textCouteau, Olivier. "Spectroscopie mécanique de la relaxation des contraintes d'interface dans les composites à matrice métallique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=3068.
Full textTestu, Sébastien. "Déformation à haute température d'un nitrure de silicium à haute performance : relaxation, fluage et essais à vitesse de déformation imposée." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0018.
Full textNiang, Awa. "RPE et relaxation de composites moléculaires bidimensionnels." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30153.
Full textBlondel, Oriane. "Dynamiques de particules sur réseaux avec contraintes cinétiques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077156.
Full textThis thesis is about stochastic lattice models of particle systems with Glauber dynamics and /kinetic constraints (KCSM), more specically the East and FA-1f models. These models were introduced in physics for the study of glassy systems. In this document one nds rst a summary of its contents (in French), then three introductory chapters in which I present the context of my works and show both what what my contributions add to the picture and on which notions and techniques they rely. In my presentation of KCSM, I focus on objects and results that are directly related to my research. Finally my papers are assembled in the Appendix, in some cases with extensions that were cut o for publication. The rst chapter is an introduction to KCSM. The second chapter presents non-equilibrium issues for KCSM. First I give results about out-of-equilibrium local relaxation; in the FA-1f mode it is a joint work with N. Cancrini, F. Martinelli, C. Roberto and C. Toninelli. Then I study the progression of a front in the East model and show a shape theorem as well as an ergodicity result for the process seen from the front. This result relies on quantifying the local relaxation of the process seen from the front rather than using classic sub-additivity arguments. The last chapter explores low-temperature (or high density) dynamics of KCSM. I rst recali asymptotic results about East and FA-1f spectral gaps and oer some heuristics and conjectures. I then focus on the low temperature behaviour of the diusion coecient of a tracer in a KCSM, so as to give rigorous answers to questions raised in the physics literature
Diffalah, Mohamed. "Etude des propiétés anélastiques de mélanges PMMA/LATEX et polyamide 66/EPR par fluage thermostimulé." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30024.
Full textHalley, David. "Croissance, mise en ordre chimique et relaxation des contraintes épitaxiales dans des alliages FePd et FePt." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757727.
Full textBluet, Jean-Marie. "Relaxation de contraintes et propriétés physiques des hétéroépitaxies de SiC-3C sur substrats Si et SOI." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20014.
Full textMeunier, Isabelle. "Des divers modes de relaxation des contraintes induites par le désaccord de maille dans les alliages de surface." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22038.
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